Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 http://archive.org/details/n07sessionalpaper53canauoft SESSIONAL PAPERS VOLUME 7 FIRST SESSION OF THE THIRTEENTH PARLIAMENT OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA ah**, SESSION 1918 VOLUME Mil. 109138T 8-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1918 ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO THE SESSIONAL PAPERS PARLIAMENT OF CANADA FIRST SESSION. THIRTEENTH PARLIAMENT, 1918. A Admiralty, Board of — Statement issued by, re marine losses, etc., from 1914 to 1917 113 Agriculture — Report of DeDartment of. year 1917 15 Agricultural Instruction Act, 1916-17 . . .. 15c Amelia, Str. — documents re service of. . . 114 Auditor General's Report, 4 "Vols 1 Aviation camps — number of, etc 101 Bank of British North America — re mer- ger of with Bank of Montreal 110 Blue Books — number printed years 1916- 17 — re number in both languages. . . . 118 Bonds and securities — since last return, 1917 79 Bran, shorts, mill feed exported to United States without license, 1917-18 160 British North America — Bank of, re mer- ger of with Bank of Montreal 110 Buildings rented in Ottawa by Govern- ment— number of, etc 85 C Canadian Pacific Railway Company — ■ Return re all lands sold by, 1917 .... 75 Canada Food Board — correspondence re Orders in Council creating the same. . 56cf Canada Registration Board — memo, re plans of 52b Canadian War Records Office — Report of \ for year 1917 ' 121a Canadian War Records Office — Report of, on work of, since foundation, to 1917.. 121 Canadian Northern Railway — Statement re amount advanced, 1917 62 Canadian Northern Railway — Statement of sums paid to, etc 62ri 42201—1 C Canal statistics, for year 1917 20a Census of Prairie Provinces — Population and Agriculture — Manitoba, Saskatche- wan and Alberta, 1916 A Civil Service List, year .1917 30 " " Commission, Report of, 1917. 31 Clerk of the Crown in Chancery — Sum- mary Report of 93 Coal, gasoline, etc. .imported into Canada, 1914-15-16-17 76 Cold storage conditions in Winnipeg — cor- respondence relating to 140 Commissioned officers in connection with recruiting, etc., at Quebec 87 Commission of Conservation — Report of for 1917 133 Conciliation, Board of — Report, 1917... 36a Coolie labour re importation of, etc. . . . 15'5 Customs — Report of Department of year 1917 11 Customs — Refund of, etc., 1917 77 D Davies, Wm., and Matthews-Blackwell, Ltd. — Report of Commission re 129 Dominion Lands — Orders in Council re 71 73 . " " reservation of, for Soldiers' Settlement 119 Dominion Steel Corporation, Ltd., re con- tract for steel in construction of ships. 103 Dominion Publicity Committee — State- ment re expenditure of, in connection Victory Loan 131 Dominion Executive Committee of Can- ada— Report of Chairman of, re Victory Loan 131a Dundalk, Herald. Flesherton Advance, Markdale Standard, etc., monies paid to, in 1917 127 8-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1918 E Editorial Committee on printing — Order in Council re establishment of 58a Editorial Committee on printing — Annual Report of— 1917 to part of 1918 58 Election. General — Return of 1917 18 Engineers Training Depot — St. Johns. P.Q., names of officers, etc 70 Estimates year ending March 31, 1919.. 3 " Supplementary ending March 31, 1918 4 " Supplementary ending March 31. 1919 5 Experimental Farms — Report of, 1917.. 16 External Affairs — Report of, 1917 33 F Fami'.ies of deceased soldiers receiving pensions, etc 162 Farm tractors, etc. — Order in Council, reports, etc . • • 95 Food Controller — Report of, 1918 56a " " Order in Council creat- ing, etc 56 " " Order in Council, ex- penses of Dept. of — salaries, etc 56e Order in Council, num- ber and names of staff — salaries, etc. . . 56c " " Order in Council, re creating of 56d " Order in Council, re department controlling same. . . . ; 566 Foodstuffs ordered to be destroyed in past year — in Winnipeg, Hamilton, Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal 144 Foodstuffs ordered to be destroyed in To- ronto in April, 1918 145 Forest Reserves and Parks Act — Orders in Council, re 72 Fordson Tractors — Report re purchase of, etc., by Government 163 Fuel Controller — Order in Council relat- ing to appointment of, etc.". 57 G Game birds— migratory, non-game birds, migratory, etc.. Order in Council, No. S71 re protection of 138 Geographic Board — Report of year 1917. 25d Georgian Bay Canal Commission — In- terim Report No. 2 141 Georgian Bay Canal Commission — In- terim Report No. 3 142 Geological Survey — Report of — year 1917. 26 Globe, Toronto, and Devoir, Montreal — amounts paid to years, 1915-16-17-18.. 154 Globe, Toronto, and Toronto Star — amounts paid to between Jan., 1917 and April. 1918 159 Governor General's Warrants 60 H Halifax Pilotage System — Report of Royal Commission to inquire into 99 Halifax Relief Commission — re appoint-"] ment of \- 49 Halifax. Report of Halifax Relief Com- | mission . . . .' | Hospital Commission — names and num- ber of staff of. etc 90 Hospital for invalid soldiers at Ste. Anne de Bellevue — documents re 134 Hudson's Wharf — re monies expended on since 1911 107 Hydrometric Surveys, 1916 25 He Perrot.'sud — re expenditure of moneys on wharf at. since 1911 He Perrot, nord — re expenditure of moneys on wharf at, since 1911 Imperial Royal Flying Corps, in relation to the Canadian Government Imperial Royal Flying Corps, in relation to the Canadian Government Indian Affairs — Report of, 1917 Inland Revenues — Part I — Excise " II — Weights and Measures, etc. . . " III — Adulteration of Food Insurance, Report of Superintendent of 1S17 Insurance Companies — Abstract of State- ments of, 1917 Interior — Report of Department of, year 1917 Internal Economy Commission, House of Commons. 1917 Johnson, Main, re appointment of as sec- retary to Hon. X. W. Rowell Joliette Co., relating to returning officer of, in last Dominion election Journal Publishing Co., Ltd., amount paid to in 1912-13-14-15-16-17, etc Judgments rendered to date, under mili- tary Service Act Labatt. Col.— relating to granting of pen- sion to Labour — Report of Department of, year 1917 Labour and the War Committee — Memo, of conferences between, 1918 Langton. Col., re appointment of as Pay- master General Librarians of Parliament — Report of, 1917 Liquor — Return re amount brought into Territories, 1917 List of shipping for year 1917 Lobster hatcheries remaining closed.. .. M Main Johnson. Mr. — Order in Council ap- pointing secretary to Mr. Rowell . . Marine and Fisheries — Report of, 1917.. Migatory birds — game and non-game, do. Military District No. 5, Que., re officers employed at Militia Council — Report of Militia and Defence — Memo. No. 3 re European War Militia and Defence — Memo. No. 4 re work of from Jan. 1, 1917 to Dec. 31, 1917 Military Service Act — number of persons called under, number of examinations by Provinces, etc Military Service Council — names of all persons employed in Ottawa, in Military Service Council — Report of on administration of the Act Military Service — Order in Council re. . Military Hospital Commission re proper- ties purchased by, in Quebec city. . . . Military Hospital Commission, number of employees of. of all ranks Military Service Act — judgments rendered to date, under 106 108 148 12 13 1 4 41 8-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1918 M Minutes of Proceedings Conference be- tween Federal and Provincial Govern- ments, 1918 55 Mines Branch — Report of year 191fi.. .. 26a Miscellaneous Unforeseen Expenses.. .. 67 Mulgrove Port, N.S-, re appointment of preventive officer at SO Munition Resources Commission — Report of, 1915 to 1918 153 N National Battlefields Commission — Report of 61 National Transcontinental Railway — State- ment re gross earnings of year ending March, 1918 139 Naval Service — Report of, 1917 38 " Fisheries Branch of De- partment of " Canadian Biology Newspapers — amounts paid to on account Victory Loan 1 News Print — Report of R. A. Pringle, re, W etc O O'Connor, W. F., re resignation of "as Cost of Living Commissioner 1 Orders in Council — Re amendments of Defence of Canada Order of 1917, also re ditto ships lights Re carriage of explosives on vessels for self-defence Re sale of securities, by Provincial and Municipal, or other bodies 1 Re prohibition of the Press, from state- ments re war matters, etc 1 Re Military Voters Act, and War-Time Elections Act Re National Service Board Re Dominion Lands, etc Re Forest Reserves and Park Act.. .. Re to Dominion Lands survey, etc. . . . Relating to Naval affairs Relating to wearing of uniforms by civilians, etc 42a Relating to rank of warrant officer — also re examining officers at Canadian ports 42c Relating to rank of warrant officers — also re examining officers at Canadian ports 42b Relating allowances to navigating offi- cers 4 2/ Relating to rates on railways 43 Relating to intoxicating liquors 4 1 Relating to Department of Immigration and Colonization 45 Relating to soldiers — civil re establish- ment 46 Relating to War Purchasing Commis- sion 47 Relating to War Mission to United States — appointment of 48 Relating to War Mission to United States — appointment of 48a Relating to Halifax Relief Commission. 49 Re'ating to War Committee of the Cabinet 50 Relating to appointments, etc. — to the public service . , 51 42201— U o Relating to Public Service Committee of National Service 52 Relating to Military Service, etc 53 Relating to War Measures Act, etc. . . . 53a Relating to Director of Public Informa- tion 54 Relating to Food Controller 56 566 " '• 56c " Fuel Controller 57 " Editoral Committee .... 58 Ottawa Improvement Commission, Report of 65 Outside Service — Statement showing num- bers transferred to Inside Service and number appointed under Section 21 of Act 116 P R Railways and Canals — Report of Depart- ment of, 1917 20 Railway Commissioners — Report of, 1917. 20c Railway, National Transcontinental — ■ Gross earnings of year ending March, 1918 139 Railway Statistics for year 1917 206 Registration Regulations — Canada Regis- tration Board 52a Royal Northwest Mounted Police, 1917.. 2S Royal Society of Canada — Statement of, 1917 63 Rural Planning and Development — Cost of certain streets, sewers, etc 100 Rural Planning and Development — Cost of certain streets, sewers, etc 130 S Securities — Order in Council respecting sale of 126 Secretary of State — Report of year 191T. 29 " V for External Affairs, 1917 33 Senate, Minutes of- — names, salaries, etc., of persons preparing same, etc 115 3 t> <7 J8a 64 02 42e 42d 26 04 96 86 73 72 71 Paper Commission — Copy of Order in Council creating 64a Paper Commission — Copy of Order in Council relating to Toronto 64 6 Park Lot No. 19, village of Southampton — re Order in Council referring to.. .. 137 Patronage, Abolition of— Memo, re, etc.. 92 Pensions to families of deceased soldiers — number of 162 Penitentiaries — Report of Minister of Jus- tice re year 1917.. 34 Petroleum Oils and Spirits — Imports, values, etc., of years 1909-10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and part of 1918.. 150 Postmaster General — Report of year 1917. 24 Post Office and Customs Departments — Documents re certain appointments since December, 1917 143 Press, The — prohibition of, re statements concerning the war. 104 Printing and Stationery — Report of 1917. 32 Pringle, R. A. — Report of, re News print. 64 Public Accounts 2 Public Works— Report of Department of, 1917 19 Public Printing and Stationery — names, salaries, etc., of employees of 135 8-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1918 s Senate Debates — re publication of, etc. . L12 Sevigny, Hon. Albert, letter of resigna- tion of 69 Scientific and Industrial Research — Report of Chairman of Advisory Council of, 1918 151 Shipping — Report of Customs Department year 1917 11a Slav — Subjects of Austria — Memo, re na- turalized in Canada 156 Smoked Wiltshire Bacon — re tenders for purchase of by War Purchasing Com- mission 136 Soldier Settlement Loan — Order in Council re regulations governing 125 Steamboat Inspection — Report for year 1917 23 Stone used in building Parliament Build- ing 83 St. Zotique wharf — sums of money ex- pended on since 1911 109 Superannuations and Retiring Allowances, 1917 66 T Telephone statistics — for year 1917.. .. 20d Titles of Honour — Order in Council re dated March 25, 1918 158 Topographical Surveys Branch, 1917.. .. 25b Toronto, City of — foodstuffs ordered to be destroyed in April, 1918 '. . .. 145 Trade and Commerce — Report of Department of — Part I — Annual Report of year 1917- 18 10 " II — Mail Subsidies and Steam- ship Subventions 10a " III — Report of Grain Commis- sioners for 1916 10b " IV — Criminal Statistics 10c Translating and Reporting in the House of Commons — names and number em- T ployed on same 147 Tribunals, local, under Military Service Act established in Canada — number and expenses of 132 V Veterinary Directory General — Report of 1917 15b Victoria Crosses — number of awarded to Canadians 91 Victory Loan — Report of Chairman of Do- minion Executive Committee re 131a Victory Loan — Statement showing remun- eration paid in connection with 131b Votes and Proceedings, Order Paper, and Journals of the House — names and number of persons employed in 146 W War-Time Elections Act — Order in Coun- cil re connection with Military Service Act 9o War Trade Board — Order in Council con- stitution and appointment of 59 War Trade Board — Order in Council re creating of 59a .War Trade conditions in United States — names of parties sent to investigate.. 94 War Contracts fulfilled in Province of Quebec 81 War Purchasing Commission — Second Re- port of from January, 1917, to March 31, 1918 149 Wharf at Graham — sums of money spent on, etc 82" Winnipeg Civic Authorities — correspond- ence with Food Controller and, re cold storage conditions at 140 William Davis Co.. Ltd., and Matthews- Blackwell Ltd. — Report of Commission re 129 Women's War Conference — Report of . . . 67 8-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1918 LIST OF SESSIONAL PAPERS. Arranged in Numerical Order, with their titles at full length; the dates when Ordered and when presented to the Houses of Parliament; the Names of the Senator or Member who moved for each Sessional Paper, and vhether it is ordered to he Printed or n$t Printed. CONTENTS OF VOLUME A. Census of Prairie Provinces — Population and Agriculture — Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, 1916 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. (This volume is bound in three parts.) CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1. 1. Report of the Auditor General for the year ended 31st March, 1917, Volume I, Parts a, b and A to K; Volume II, Parts L to U; Volume III, Parts V to Z. Presented by Hon. Mr. Maclean, March 20, 1918 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 1. Report of the Auditor General for the year ended 31st March, 1917, Volume IV, part ZZ. Presented by Hon. Mr. Maclean, April 22. 1918. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2. 2. The Public Accounts of Canada, for tht fiscal year ended 31st March, 1917. Presented by Hon. Mr. Maclean, March 20, 1918 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 3. Estimates of sums required for the service of the Dominion for the year ending on the 31st March, 1919, and, in accordance with tht provisions of "The British North America Act, 1867." Presented by Hon. Mr. Maclean, March 22, 1918. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 4. Supplementary Estimates of sums required for the service of the Dominion for the year ending on tht 31st March, 1918, and, in accordance with the provisions of "The British North America Act, 1S67." Presented by Hon. Mr. Maclean, May 18, 1918. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 5. Supplementary Estimates of sums required for the service of the Dominion for the year ending on the 31st March, 1919, and in accordance with the provisions of "The British North America Act, 1867." Presented by Hon. Mr. Maclean, May 20, 1918. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 3. (This volume is bound in two parts.) 8. Report of the Superintendent of Insurance for the year 1917. (Vol. I.) Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 8. Report of the Superintendent of Insurance for the year 1917. (Vol. II.) Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 9. Abstract of Statements of Insurance Companies in Canada for the year ended 31st Decem- ber, 1917. (Subject to corrections.) Presented by Hon. Mr. Maclean, May 13. 1918. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 4. 10. Annual Report of the Trade of Canada (Imports for Consumption and Exports), for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1917. Presented by Sir George Foster, May 22, 191S. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 5 S-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1918 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 5. 10a. Report relating to Mail Subsidies and Steamship Subventions as controlled by the Depart- ment of Trade and Commerce, for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1917, with Traffic Returns, etc., to 31st December, 1917. Presented by Sir George Foster, May 17, 1918. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. \Qb. Report of the Trade and Commerce Department. Grain Statistics for the fiscal year 1916, and the Report of the Board of Grain Commissioners. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 10c. Criminal Statistics for the year ended September, 1917. Printed for distribution and sessio7ial papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 6. 3 1. Report of the Department of Customs containing the tables and statements of Imports and Exports of the Dominion of Canada for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1917. Pre- sented by Hon. Mr. Sifton, March 26, 1918. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 7. 11a. Shipping Report of the Department of Customs, containing the statements of Navigation and Shipping of the Dominion of Canada, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1917. Presented by Hon. Mr. Sifton, March 26. 1918. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 12. Inland Revenue, Annual Report, Part I — Excise. The Senate. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 13. Inland Revenue, Annual Report, Part II — Weights and Measures, Gas and Electricity. The Senate Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 14. Inland Revenue — Part III — Adulteration of Food. The Senate. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 15. Report of the Minister of Agriculture for the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended 31st March, 1917. Presented by Hon. Mr. Crerar, March 25, 1918. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 15b. Report of the "Veterinary Director General for the year 1917. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 15c Report on "The Agricultural Instruction Act," 1916-17, pursuant to Section S, Chapter 5 of 3-4 George V. Presented by Hon. Mr. Crerar, March 25, 1918. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 16. Report of the Director and Officers of the Experimental Farms for the year ending 31st March, 1917 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 8. 19. Report of the Minister of Public Works on the works under his control for the fiscal year ended 31st March. 1917. Presented by Hon. Mr. Carvell, March 26, 1918. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 20. Annual Report of the Department of Railways and Canals, for the fiscal year from 1st April, 1916, to 31st March, 1917. Presented by Hon. Mr. Reid, March 27. 1918. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 20a. Canal Statistics for season of navigation, 1917. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 20b. Railway Statistics for the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended 30th June, 1917. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 20<" Twelfth Report of the Board of Railway Commissioners for Canada, for the year ending 31st March, 1917. Presented by Hon. Mr. Reid, March 25, 1918. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 20ction with the entry of Frank Ruppert for the S.W. \ of 16-33-14, W. 4th. P.C. 301, 2nd February, 1917. Dispensing with residence duties in connection with the entry of Wm. Thorburn for the S.W. \ of 13-28-22, W. 2nd. 42201—2 17 8-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1918 CONTENTS OF VOLUME l4r-Continued. P.C. 316, 3rd February', 1917. Authorizing grant to L. F. Cardinal of the W. i of 22-108-13, W. 5th, by virtue of his occupation thereof at date of extinguishment of Indian Title. P.C. 327, 6th February, 1917. Authorizing issue of free patent to Jos. Hewitt for the S.E. 1 of 20-44-3, W. 2nd, in lieu of land occupied by him being included in a Forest Reserve. P.C. 481, 20th February, 1917. Authorizing the issue of license of occupation to the Canadian Northern Western Railway of certain lands for a bridge site. P.C. 493, 20th February, 1917. Dispensing with residence duties by Samuel McCall on the E. J" of 21-31-1, W. 3rd. P.C. 560, 28th February, 1917. Authorizing time spent at farm labour- in Canada during 1917, to count as residence duties on entries for Dominion lands. P.C. 555, 28th February, 1917. Making provisions of Orders in Council of 8th May, 1915 (P.C. 1042), 20th September, 1915 (P.C. 2150), 9th December, 1915 (P.C. 2888), and the 12th January, 1916 (P.C. 33), applicable to pre-emptions and purchased homesteads. P.C. 561, 5th March, 1917. Authorizing change in regulations permitting granting of one day's priority of right to make entry for available Dominion lands. P.C. 526, 5th March, 1917. Authorizing extension of terms of Order in Council 11th March, 1915, for period of four months up to 11th July, 1917. P.C. 572, 5th March, 1917. Limiting disposal of any natural resources except to a British subject, subject of Allied country, or neutral country. P.C. 610, 7th March, 1917. Rescinding Order in Council 30th January, 1914, in so far as it affects descriptions of lands granted to Indians, and certain lands described be granted instead thereof. P.C. 686, 16th March, 1917. Granting right to Mr. Notman to purchase certain lands in Province of Manitoba. P.C. 687, 16th March, 1917. Granting certain lands to Department of Militia and Defence. P.C. 688, 16th March, 1917. Granting certain lands for church purposes to Synod of Diocese of Calagary. P.C. 762, 20th March, 1917. Authorizing sale of certain lands to Council of the town of Maple Creek. P.C. 848 29th March, 1917. Authorizing sale of lands to "Western Canada Power Company for power development purposes. P.C. 858, 29th March, 1917. Authorizing grant of land for cemetery purposes to Rural Municipality of Bright Sand, No. 529. P.C. 918, 3rd April, 1917. Amending Order in Council of 14th December, 1916, with respect to application thereof to Canadian Expeditionary Forces. P.C. 919, 3rd April, 1917. Granting certain lands for cemetery purposes to the village of Vanguard, Saskatchewan. P.C. 926, 3rd April, 1917. Authorizing sale of N.W. \ 36-45-25, W. 3rd, to Allan V. Macie. P.C. 927, 3rd April, 1917. Authorizing sale of certain lands to N. J. Bailey under certain conditions. P.C. 1068, 18th April, 1917. Authorizing issue of lease of certain lands to Northern Fish Company, Limited, Selkirk, Manitoba. P.C. 106'6, 18th April, 1917. Authorizing issue of license of occupation of certain lands to the city of Winnipeg for water-power purposes. P.C. 1067, ISth April, 1917 Dispensing with residence duties and authorizing issue of patent to James Wilson, in connection with the N.E. J of 35-19-11, W.P.M. P.C. 1069, 18th April, 1917. Authorizing grant of certain lands for cemetery purposes to the village of Major, Saskatchewan. P.C. 1071, ISth April, 1917. Authorizing grant of certain lands to rural muni- cipality of Lakeview, No. 454 Alberta, for cemetery purposes. P.C. 1072, 18th April, 1917. Authorizing issue of patent of certain lands to Mr. D. Ennill. P.C. 1189, 30th April, 1917. Granting certain lands for the erection of a creamery plant to the Canora Creamery Association, Limited. P.C. 1222, 3rd May, 1917. Setting apart certain lands for the Indian of the Peguis. P.C. 1207, 4th May, 1917. Authorizing issue of patent to Allen E. McDonald. P.C. 1249, 8th May, 1917. Re granting patent to any person not a British subject by birth or naturalization who is on active service overseas. P.C. 1268, 8th May, 1917. Rescinding Order in Council P.C. 572, 5th March, 1917, and enacting new regulations therefor. P.C. 1315, 11th May, 1917. Granting certain lands for church and cemetery purposes to the Church of God of Edmonton, Alberta. P.C. 1378, 21st May, 1917. Setting apart certain lands for park purposes and granting the same to the rural municipality of Mariposa, No. 350, Saskatchewan. P.C. 1377, 21st May, 1917. Relieving Mr. H. Wills of further residence duties on the north half of 22-25-10 W. 4th. P.C. 1348, 21st May, 1917. Authorizing grant of certain lands to Winnipeg Electric Railway Company. P.C. 1429, 25th May, 1917. Authorizing certain regulations for the disposal of quartz mining claims on Dominion lands. 18 8-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1918 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1±— Continued, P.C. 1455, 29th May, 1917. Authorizing grant of certain lands to the town of The Pas for industrial purposes. P.C. 1471, 1st June, 1917. Setting apart certain lands in the Province of Manitoba for Indians. P.C. 1532, 4th June, 1917. Authorizing grant of certain lands for church purposes to the Board of Management of the Church and Manse Building Fund of the Pres- byterian Church in Canada for Manitoba and the Northwest. P.C. 1533, 4th June, 1917. Vesting certain lands in His Majesty in the right of the Province of Alberta. P.C. 1536, 5th June, 1917. Authorizing Rev. W. B. Camming, Saskatoon, to make entry by proxy on behalf of James Grossart. P.C. 1580, 11th June, 1917. Withdrawing certain lands which had been reserved for the Hudson's Bay Railway. P.C. 1613, 13th June, 1917. Authorizing grant of certain lands to the town of Gimli, for cemetery purposes. P.C. 1691, 21st June, 1917. Authorizing sale of certain lands to John Hedberg, Jasper, Alberta. P.C. 1675, 21st June, 1917. Authorizing license of occupation to Canadian Northern Railway Company of certain lands on the Red Deer River for bridge construction purposes. P.C. 1761, 26th June, 1917. Authorizing sale of certain lands to the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. P.C. 1716, 26th June, 1917. Restoring the homestead entry of L. H. Roberts who died wihle on active service overseas. P.C. 1717, 26th June, 1917. Authorizing sale of certain lands to "William Rincheshen. P.C. 1718, 26th June, 1917 Authorizing grant of certain lands for cemetery purposes to the rural municipality of Bright Sand, No. 529, Saskatchewan. P.C. 1817, 30th June, 1917. Authorizing exchange of certain lands to Indians in lieu of lands surrendered. P.C. 1820, 30th June, 1917. Authorizing grant of lands for church and cemetery purposes to the Bethel Evangelical Scandinavian Lutherian Congregation. P.C. 1821, 30th June, 1917. Authorizing grant of land for cemetery purposes to the Ruthenian Greek Catholic Parish of St. Michael's in Communion with Rome, St. Martin, Manitoba. P.C. 1866, 6th July, 1917. Dispensing with residence duties in connection with the entry of W. L. Taylor for the N.W. £ 13-25-1, W.P.M. P.C. 1877, 9th July, 1917. Authorizing person on active service overseas to appoint attorney to make application for patent. P.C. 1937, 12th July, 1917. Authorizing grant of certain lands for cemetery purposes to St. George Cemetery Company, Egremont, Alberta. P.C. 2039, 26th July, 1917. Authorizing grant of certain lands for park purposes to the town of Drumheller, Alberta. P.C. 2036, 27th July, 1917. Authorizing grant of land for cemetery purposes to rural municipality of Bear Lake, No. 740. P.C. 2037, 27th July, 1917. Authorizing grant of land for church purposes to Synod of the Diocese of Qu'Appelle. P.C. 2038, 27th July, 1917. Authorizing sale of certain lands to Diocese of Ruperts Land. P.C. 2066, 27th July, 1917. Authorizing the cancellation of the survey of certain lands along the old Dawson Road. P.C. 2075, 30th July, 1917. Amending Order in Council dated 29th May, 1917, with reference to the name of the Board of Trade of the town of The Pas, Manitoba. P.C. 2076, 1st August, 1917. Authorizing regulations re timber. P.C. 2090, 1st August, 1917. Amending forest reserve regulations. P.C. 2108, 6th August, 1917. Authorizing certain changes in Dominion lands regulations for the protection of water-power resources. P.C. 2109, 6th August, 1917. Authorizing license of occupation to Canadian Northern Pacific Railway Company of certain lands in the bed of the South Thompson River. P.C. 2171, 8th August, 1917. Authorizing the disposition of certain lands for town- site purposes. P.C. 2239, 15th August, 1917. Confirming the late C. R. Coutts in his entrv for the S.E. 6-83-17 W. 6. P.C. 2241, 18th August, 1917. Authorizing sale by auction of certain school lands. P.C. 2258, 18th August, 1917. Authorizing the lease of certain lands to the Salts and Potash Company of Canada. . P.C. 2259, 18th August, 1917. Granting certain lands for cemetery purposes to La Corporation Episcopale Catholique Romaine de Regina. P.C. 2226, 18th August, 1917. Transferring certain lands from Indian Affairs to Interior Department to be used for church purposes. P.C. 2287, 18th August, 1917. Confirming the late Joe White, who died on active service overseas, in his entry for the N.E. 11-89-9 W. 4. P.C. 2419, 1st September, 1917. Dispensing with residence duties in connection with the entry of J. L. Crawford for the N.E. 21-2-15 W. 3rd. 42201—2J 19 8-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1918 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14— Continued. P.C. 2436, 1st September, 1917. Transferring certain lands to the Province of Manitoba for drainage purposes. P.C. 2420, 1st September, 1917. Granting certain lands to Col. Malloy. P.C. 2460, 11th September, 1917. Granting certain lands for church purposes. P.C. 2488, 11th September, 1917. Granting certain lands for summer home and shooting purposes. P.C. 2489, 11th September, 1917. Granting certain lands for church purposes. P.C. 2490, 11th September, 1917. Granting certain lands for cemetery purposes. P.C. 2535, 11th September, 1917. Granting a lease of certain lands for cement purposes. P.C. 2509, 11th September, 1917., Relieving entrant on active service from neces- sity of erecting a house on his homestead. P.C. 2561, 15th September, 1917. Dispensing with residence duties in case of entry for the S.E. 33-10-15 W. 4. P.C. 2593, 17th September, 1917. Granting certain lands to R. B. Clarke in lieu of other lands surrendered to the Crown by him. P.C. 2641, 28th September, 1917. Granting certain lands to the Grand Trunk Pacific Development Company, Limited. P.C. 2721, 3rd October, 1917. Re purchase of certain reclaimed lands in Kleskun Lake. P.C. 2728, 3rd October, 1917. Granting certain lands for church purposes. P.C. 2857, 12th October, 1917. Re certain lands granted for creamery plant purposes. P.C. 2856, 12th October, 1917. Granting certain lands for cemetery purposes. P.C. 3027, 3rd November, 1917. Re status of applicants for homestead entries as to nationality. P.C. 3163, 9th November, 1917. Granting certain lands for church and cemetery purposes. P.C. 3179, 13th November, 1917. Granting certain lands to A. Thoma, Calais, Alta. P.C. 3201, 14th November, 1917. Setting apart certain lands for the Sioux Band of Indians. P.C. 3242, 19th November, 1917. Granting certain lands for church purposes. P.C. 3210, 15th November, 1917. Granting permission to cut certain timber for ship building purposes. P.C. 3244, 29th November, 1917. Authorizing the granting of grazing permits in the Big Stick Forest Reserve. P.C. 3499, 4th January, 191S. Transferring certain lands to the Indian Affairs Department. P.C. 3512, 4th January, 191S. Granting certain lands for use for Customs purposes. P.C. No. 41-72, 10th January, 1918. Granting certain lands for right of way purposes. P.C. 65, 12th January, 1918. Granting certain lands to Alex. Cardinal, Jr., Fort Vermilion. P.C. 67, 12th January 191S. Granting certain lands to Chas. Enn, Calais, Alberta. P.C. 66, 12th January, 1918.. Granting certain lands to Chas. Standing Ribbon, Calais, Alberta. P.C. 157, 22nd January> 1918. Change in description of certain lands granted personal representatives of the late T. W. Chalmers. P.C. 34-238, 30th January, 1918. Granting certain lands for cemetery purposes. P.C. 317, 8th February, 1918. Granting certain lands to the province of Saskatchewan for roadway purposes. P.C. 332, 11th February, 1918. Authorizing sale of certain lands reclaimed by drainage. P.C. 67-352, 11th February, 1918. Granting certain lands to A. McKillop. P.C. 69-352, 11th February, 1918. Exchanging certain lands with Hudson Bay Company in order to grant homestead entry for land relinquished by the company. P.C. 357, 13th February, 1918. Granting certain lands to the City of Regina for park purposes. P.C. 400, 18th February, 191S. Setting apart certain lands as school lands. P.C. 401, 20th February, 191S. Enacting regulations affecting men on active service. P.C. 23-425, 20th February, 191S. Leasing certain lands for mining purposes. P.C. 430, 21st February, 1918. Granting certain lands to the Grand Trunk Pacific Branch lines for terminal purposes. P.C. 459, 7th March, 1918. Enacting regulations re homesteaders employed as farm labourers. P.C. 538, 7th March, 1918. Enacting certain regulations affecting men on active service who hold homestead entries. P.C. 37-563, 8th March, 1918. Enacting regulations governing the leasing of unpatented lands held under homestead entry. Presented by Hon. Mr. Meighen, April 2, 1918 Not printed. 74. Return called for by section 88, of chapter 62, Revised Statutes of Canada, requiring that the Minister of the Interior shall Lay before Parliament, each year, a return of liquor brought from any place out of Canada into the Territories by special permission in writing of the Commissioner of the Northwest Territor'es, for the year ending 31st December, 1917. Presented by Hon. Mr. Meighen, April 2, 191S.. ..Not printed. 20 3-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1918 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14— Continued. 75. ' Return showing all lands sold by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company during the year ending 30th September, 1917, together with the names of the purchasers, in accordance with the Statutes of Canada, 1886, chapter 9, section 8. Presented by Hon. Mr. Meighen, April 2, 1918 Not printed. 76. Return to an Order of the House of March 25, 1918, for a return showing the total money value of the hard coal, soft coal, oil and gasolene imported into Canada during the years ending March 31, 1914, 1915, 1916 and 1917, and for each month since March, 1917. Presented by Hon. Mr Sifton, April 2, 1918 Not printed. 77. Detailed statement of remissions of customs duties and the refund thereof, under section 22, Consolidated Revenue and Audit Act, through the Department of Customs, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1917. Presented by Hon. Mr. Sifton, April 3, 1918. Not printed. 78. Memorandum of Conferences between representatives of Labour and the War Committee, January, 1918. Presented by Hon. Mr. Rowell, April 3, 1918. Printed for sessional papers only. 79. A detailed statement of all bonds or securities registered in the Department of the Secretary of State of Canada, since last return (31st January, 1917) submitted to the Parliament of Canada under section 32 of chapter 19, of the Revised Statutes of Canada, 1906. Presented by Hon. Mr. Sifton, April 3, 1918 Not printed, 80. Return to an Order of the House, of the 25th March, 1918, for a copy of all letters,. telegrams, petitions and other papers and documents relating to the appointment of a preventive officer at Mulgrave, N.S., to fill the position made vacant by the death of the late David Murray. Presented April 8, 1918. — Mr. Sinclair Not printed. 81. Return to an Order of the House of the 25th March, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. The total amount of war contracts fulfilled in the Province of Quebec, from August, 1914, to January, 1918. 2. How many war munitions establishments are in activity in the Province of Quebec. 3. How many shells are manufactured weekly in said province. 4 How many hands are engaged in such establishments in said province. Presented April 8, 1918. — Mr. Prevost Not printed. 82. Return showing : — 1. What sum of money has been spent for repairs to the wharf at Graham, since 1911. 2. Who has superintended the works, and the names of the parties who have been employed thereat. 3. What amunt has been paid to each of them, and at what rate per diem. 4. The names of the parties supplying materials, and what amount has been paid to each of them. Presented April 8, 1918. — Mr. Boyer. Not printed. 83. Return showing: — 1. From what person or persons, firm or firms, the stone used in the rebuilding of the new Parliament building was purchased. 2. From what stone quarry or quarries the said stone was taken. 3. Where the said quarry or quarries are situated. 4. Whether public tenders were called for the supplying of said stone. 5. If so, from whom, and at what prices offers were received, and if said offers were f.o.b. at place of shipment or f.o.b. Ottawa. 6. If said stone was supplied from different quarries what quantities were supplied from each quarry respectively. Presented April 8, 191S. — Mr. Copp Not printed. 84. Memorandum No. 3, respecting work of the Department of Militia and Defence — European War — from February 1, 1916, to December 31, 1916. Presented by Hon Mr. Mewburn, April 10, 1918 Not printed. 84«. Memorandum No., 4 respecting work of the Department of Militia and Defence, from January 1, 1917, to December 31, 1917. Presented by Hon. Mr. Mewburn, April 23, 1918. Not printed. 85. Return showing: — 1. How many buildings have been rented by the Government in the city of Ottawa since February 1, 1915. 2. The owners of the said buildings. 3. Where said buildings are situated. 4. What rent per annum is paid for each building or part of building. 5. For what time or term said buildings are rented. Presented April 10, 1918. — Mr. Papineau Not printed. 86. Return to an Address to His Excellency the Governor General of the 21st March, 191S, for a copy of all Orders in Council appointing members of the National Service Board, and all reports made individually or collectively by the members of the Board. Pre- sented April 10, 1918. — Sir W. Laurier Not printed. 87. Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd April, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. Who are the commissioned officers employed at Quebec by the Military authorities in con- nection with Recruiting Branch, Army Service Corps, The Royal Canadian Engineers, The Royal Canadian Garrison Artillery and the Royal Canadian Artillery- 2. How long they have been connected with each branch. 3. What service each of them is 21 8-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1918 CONTENTS OF VOLUME U— Continued. performing'. 4. What salary each one of them is receiving. 5. Who among them have performed service overseas, and how long they have been actually at the front. 6. How long they were in the trenches. 7. To which battalion they belonged when over- seas. Presented April 11, 1918. — Mr. Power Not printed. 88. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th April, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. What properties, if any, have been purchased by the Militia Department or the Military Hospital Commission in Quebec City, since the first of January, 1917. 2. From whom these purchases were made, and on whose recommendation. 3. The purchase price. Presented April 11, 1918. — Mr. Power Not printed. 89. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th April, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. How many persons of all ranks are employed by the Military Hospitals Commission in British Columbia, and their names, rank and salaries. 2. Why they were appointed, and where they are stationed. 3. How many of these men have seen service at the front. 4. Who the senior official is of the Military Hospitals Commission in British Columbia. 5. What the total monthly cost of carrying on the work of the Commission in British Columbia is, and how many men are being looked after at present. 6. How many buildings are operated by the Military Hospitals Commission in British Columbia, and where they are situated. 7. How many officials from headquarters in Ottawa found it necessary to visit the Pacific Coast during the past year, and for what purpose. 8. If the Military Hospitals Commission has a regularly appointed publicity agent. If so, what his name is, and what his duties are. 9. If he has seen overseas service, and what his salary is. 10. The total cost of the publicity department during 1917. Presented April 11, 1918. — Mr. Stevens Not printed. 90. Return to an Order of the House of the 20th March, 1918, for a return showing the names of the staff of the Hospital Commission, the number of persons employed, their names, duties, salaries, former occupation and amounts paid to each for travelling expenses. Presented April 11, 1918. — Mr. Devlin Not printed. 91. Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd April, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. How many Victoria Crosses have been awarded to members of the Canadian Expeditionary Force to date. 2. The name, address, battalion, and rank of each recipient. 3. The official respective record in respect of which each decoration was given in each case. Presented April 11, 1918. — Mr. Middlebro Printed for sessional papers only. 92. Return to an Order of the House of the 8th April, 1918, for a copy of a certain memo- randum sent to the Minister of Public Works by the senior member for Ottawa relating to the abolition of patronage, and of all papers, letters and other documents which passed between him and the Minister of Public Works in relation thereto since the 17th of December, 1917. Presented April 2, 1918. — Mr. McMaster Not printed. 93. Summary Report of the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery of the General Election Returns, 1917. Presented by the Speaker, April 15, 1918 Not printed. 94. Return to Order of the House of the 11th April, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. What steps, if any, have been taken by the Government to investigate war trade conditions in the United States. 2. Apart from members of the Cabinet if any parties have been sent by the Canadian Government on missions respecting war trade conditions in the United States. If so, what the names are of those who have been sent. 3. If any such parties have been sent, what the total expense is to the Government of such missions. Presented April 15, 1918. — Mr. Devlin Not printed. 95. Return to an Address to His Excellency the Governor General, of the 20th March, 1918, for a copy of all Orders in Council, reports and correspondence with respect to the admission free of duty of farm tractors and other agricultural implements. Presented April 15, 1918. — Sir W. Laurier Not printed. 96. Copies of Orders in Council issued in connection with the Military Voters' Act, 1917, and the War-time Elections Act, as follows.— P.C. 3010, 7th November, 1917. — Instructions for the guidance of electors under the Military Voters' Act, 1917. P.C. 3158, 9th November, 1917. — Scrutineers; appointment of six and providing payment for services and expenses, etc. P.C. 3159, 9th November, 1917. — Presiding officers; appointment of certain and providing payment for services as, etc. P.C. 3276, 24th November, 1917. — Special returning officers and clerks; appoint- ment of and providing payment for services as, etc. ," , , P.C. 3277, 27th November, 1917. — Regulation providing polls for returned military electors who are Indians. P.C. 3322, 29th November, 1917. — Provision for taking votes of military electors belonging to units or drafts under orders to leave Canada before polling day. P.C. 3404, 17th December, 1917. — Presiding officers; Engineer Captain W. M. Frowd, appointed in place of Captain F. C. C. Pascoe, at Halifax, N-S. P.C. 6405, 17th December, 1917. — Re taking votes of units under orders to leave Canada, O.C. 29th November, 1917, amended. ■P.C. 7, Sth January, 1918. — Special returning officers and clerks; appointment of further number of. 22 8-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1918 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14— Continued. P.C. 8, 4th January, 1918. — Scrutineers, travelling and living' expenses of defined. P.C. 9, 4th January, 1918. — Special returning officers and clerks; remuneration of. P.C. 10, 4th January, 1918. — Scrutineers ; appointment Major Thomas Gibson, pf London, Eng., in place of Brigadier-General J. F. L. Embury. P.C. 11, 4th January, 1918. — Further regulations for carrying the Military Voters' Act, 1917, into effect. P.C. 12, 8th January, 1918. — Payment for services of Boards of Appeal in Ontario and revising officers in Nova Scotia re revision of voters' lists. P.C. 13, 4th January, 1918. — Election In Halifax; Ward 6 constituted one single polling division. P.C. 63, 8th January. 1918. — Special returning officers and clerks; remuneration of. O.C. 4th January, 191S (P.C. No. 9) amended. P.C. 84, 12th January, 191S. — Special returning officers; appointment Capt. Harold Baker, C.E.F., London, Eng., in place of Lt.-Col. Nelson Spencer. P.C. 85, 12th January, 191S. — Clerk of special returning officer; appointment Archi- bald Dickson, of Harrow, Eng, in place of Capt. Rippon, R.A.M.C. P.C. 98, 15th January, 1918. — Clerk of special returning officers ; appointment E. L. Ginna in place of Ainslie W. Greene. P.C. 162, 19th January, 1918. — Resignation of R. A. Pringle as special returning officer and appointment of John \V. P. Ritchie in his stead, and appointment of special returning officers and clerks. P.C. 323, 8th February, 1918. — Length of sessions to constitute a day's work. P.C. 396, 18th February, 1918. — Lieut. N. G. Charlton, presently in France, appointed to replace Major Powell as special returning officer. P.C. 397, 18th February, 1918. — Edgar E. R. Chevrier appointed to replace J. A. Pinard as special returning officer. P.C. 602, 12th March, 1918. — Proclamation of returns from overseas issued on receipt of telegraphic information. Presented by Hon. Mr. Doherty, April 15, 191S. Not printed. 97. Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd April, 1918, for a copy of all judgments ren- dered up to date under the operation of the Military Service Act, 1917, by the Central Appeal Judge. Presented April 15, 1918. — Mr. Trahan Not printed. 98. Return to an Order of the House of the 20th March, 1918, for a return showing the names of all persons employed in Ottawa in the Military Service Council, their salaries and former occupations. Presented April 15, 1918. — Mr. Devlin Not printed. 99. Report of the Royal Commission appointed to inquire into and report upon the Pilotage System and its administration at the port of Halifax, N.S. Presented by Hon. Mr. Ballantyne, April 15, 1918 Not printed. 100. Return to an Order of the Senate, dated 21st March, 191S, showing: — The details of cer- tain totals, being the estimated cost of streets, sewers, etc., given on figures 29-30. placed between pages 96-97 of Rural Planning and Development, written by Thomas Adams, being a report published by the Commission of Conservation dated 1917. The said totals being $35,584, $26,736, $20,748 and $23,533. — The Senate.. \ . ..Not printed. 101. Return to an Order of the Senate, dated 22nd March, 191S, showing: — 1. The different aviation camps established by the Canadian Government and their location, with the date of their establishment. 2. The number of aviators who have gone through those camps since their estab'ishment, and of those who have obtained their certificates. 3. The number of aviators now qualifying in each of these camps. 4. The number of accidents which happened in each of these camps, distinguishing: (a) mortal accidents; (b) serious accidents; (c) slight accidents, with their respective dates. 5. The number of machines out of commission, as a total loss or seriously damaged. — The Senate. Not printed. 102. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th April, 1918, for' a copy of all correspondence concerning the resignation of W, F. O'Connor, K.C., as Cost of Living Commissioner. Presented April 16, 1918. — Mr. Lemieux Not printed. 103. Copy of Order in Council, P.C. 758, dated 26th March, 1918, relating to the making of a contract with the Dominion Steel Corporation, Limited, for the manufacture of steel plates required in the construction of ships and boilers. Presented by Hon. Mr. Bal- lantyne, April 18, 1918 Not printed. 104. Copy of Order in Council, P.C. 915, dated 16th April, 191S, prohibiting the press from pub- lishing any adverse statement, report or opinion concerning the action of the allied nations in the prosecution of the war ; and also prohibiting any person from publicly expressing any adverse statement, report or opinion concerning the same. Presented by Hon. Mr. Doherty, April 18, 1918. 105. Report of the Military Service Council on the administration of the Military Service Act, 1917 Presented by Hon. Mr. Doherty, April 18, 1918. 23 S-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1918 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14— Continued. 106. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th April, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. The sums of money expended on repairs of a wharf at He Perrot Sud, since 1911. 2. The names of those who have been employed on said works, and the amount of money which has been paid to each of them. 3. The names of the parties who have supplied the materials, and the amount of money which has been paid to each of them. Pre- sented April 18, 1918. — Mr. Boyer Not printed. 107. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th April, 1918. for a return showing: — 1. The sums of money expended on repairs at Hudson's Wharf, since 1911. 2. The names of those who have been employed on said works, and the amount of money which has been paid to each of them. 3. The names of the parties who have supplied the materials, and the amount of money which has been paid to each of them. Pre- sented April 18, 1918. — Mr. Boyer Not printed. 108. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th April, 191S, for a return showing: — 1. The sums of money expended on repairs of wharf at He Perrot Nord, since 1911. 2. The names of those who have been employed on said works, and the amount of money which has been paid to each of them. 3. The names of the parties who have supplied the materials, and the amount of money which has been paid to each of them. Pre- sented April 18, 1918. — Mr. Boyer Not printed. 109. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th April, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. The sums of money expended on repairs at St. Zotique Wharf, since 1911. 2. The names of those who have been employed on said works, and the amount of money which has been paid to each of them. 3. The names of the parties who have supplied the materials, and the amount of money which has been paid to each of them. Pre- sented April 18, 1918. — Mr. Boyer Not printed. 110. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th April, 1918, for a copy of all correspondence and other papers concerning the merger of the Bank of British North America with the Bank of Montreal. Presented April IS, 1918. — Mr. Devlin Not printed. 111. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th April, 191 S, for a return showing: — 1. Referring to Canada Gazette statement of March 30th giving particulars as to circula- tion and specie, against what approved securities were Dominion notes issued to the value of $92,820,000. 2. To what banks these notes were issued, and what the respective security was in each case. Presented April 18, 1918. — Mr. Trahan. Not printed. 112. Return to an Order of the Senate, dated April 16th, 1918, to the Olerk of the Senate for the following information : — 1. The number of pages of the Senate Debates of last session, giving the number of unrevised and the number of revised. 2. Is the French translation made from the unrevised edition or from the revised? 3. Is the French translation of the Debates of last session completed? If so, when was the last copy delivered to the Printing Bureau? If not yet completed, how many pages remained untranslated on the 18th of March last? 4. How many translators are employed on the regular staff for this work? 5. What is the name and the salary of each? 6. Have they or any of them been employed at any other work for the Senate during or since last session? If so, what work? 7. Has any other person or persons been employed to assist the regular staff in the work of translating the Debates of last session? If so, state the name of each such person, the length of time he has been so employed, and the amount of his remuneration therefor. 8. Is each translator expected to translate a definite minimum number of pages of the Debates each working day? If so, how many printed pages are supposed to constitute a fair day's work for each man? 9. Did the regular staff of translators translate into English the speeches delivered in French during the last session? If so, how many pages? If not, who did this work, and what extra remuneration, if any, was paid for it? — The Senate. Not jwinted. 113. Statement issued by the War Cabinet at the request of the Board of Admiralty, showing for the United Kingdom and for the World, for the period August, 1914, to December, 1917 : — 1. Mercantile losses by enemy action and marine risk. 2. Mercantile Ship- building Output. 3. Enemy vessels captured and brought into service ; together with diagrams, showing mercantile losses and shipbuilding output for the United Kingdom and for the world, for the same period. Presented by Sir Robert Borden, April 18, 1918. 114. Return to an Order of the House of the 21st March, 1918, for a copy of all telegrams, letters, petitions and all other correspondence and documents, concerning the service of the steamer Amelia between Pictou and Magdalen Islands Presented April 19. 1918. — Mr. Lemieux Not printed. 115. Return to an Order of the Senate to the Clerk dated April 18, 1918, for a statement showing: — 1. The names of all persons employed in connection with the work of pre- paring the Minutes of Proceedings, the Order Paper and the Journals of this House (a) in English and (b) in French, and the salary or other remuneration paid to each. 2. The number of each of these documents printed (a) in English and (b) in French, and the cost of printing and binding the same for the fiscal year ending the 31st of March, 1918.— The Senate Not printed. '24 1-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1918 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14 Continued. .16. Statement showing how many members of the outside service have been transferred to the inside service since October 1, 1917, and how many persons have been appointed under section 21 of the present Civil Service Act since that time. Presented by Hon. Mr. Maclean, April 22, 1918 Not printed. .17. Return to an Address to His Excellency the Governor General of the 8th April, 1918, for a copy of Orders in Council in reference to the appointment of Colonel Langton as Paymaster General in the Militia Department. Presented April 22, 1918. — Mr. Copp. Not printed. 118. Return to an Order of the House of the 18th April, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. What blue books have been printed during the years 1916 and 1917. 2. Which of said books have been printed in both languages. 3. Which of said books have been printed in the English language only. 4. Which of said books have been printed in the French language only. Presented April 22, 1918. — Mr. Demers Not printed. L19. Copy of Order in Council P.C. 807, dated the 3rd of April, 191S, with respect to the reservation of Dominion Lands for disposition under the Soldiers' Settlement Act (Chapter 21, 7-8 George V). Presented by Hon. Mr. Meighen, April 23, 1918. Not printed. 120. Statement of amounts paid to newspapers, etc., on account of Victory Loan Advertising. Presented by Sir Robert Borden, April 24, 1918 Not printed. 121. Copy of the Report submitted by the Officer in charge of the Canadian War Records Office, London England, to the Right Honourable Sir Robert L. Borden, G.C.M.G., M.P., Prime Minister of Canada, on the work of the Canadian War Records Office since the date of its foundation to the 11th January, 1917. Presented by Sir Robert Borden, April 24, 1918 Not printed. L21«. Copy of the Second Annual Report of the Canadian War Records Office for the year 1917. Report submitted by the officer in charge to the Hon. Sir Edward Kemp, K.C.M.G., M.P., Overseas Minister of Militia and Defence. Presented by Sir Robert Borden^ May 17, 1918 Not printed. 122. Return to an Order of the House of the 8th April, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. How many persons belonging to class one were liable to be called under the Military Service Act, 1917, in each of the provinces and the Yukon Territory, respectively. 2. How many in each province have reported themselves for service. 3. How many in each province have asked to be exempted from military seiwice. 4. How many in each province have been exempted by local tribunals. 5. How many decisions rendered in each province by local tribunals have been appealed from by: (a) recruits; (ft) representatives or military authorities. 6. In how many appeal cases have decisions been rendered in each province, how many appeals have been allowed, and how many rejected in each province. 7. How many cases are still pending before the Central Appeal Judge. 8. Whether it is the intention of the military authorities or public representatives to appeal in some other cases, either before the appeal tribunal or before the Central Appeal Judge. 9. If so, how many in each province. Presented April 24, 1918. — Mr. Trahan Not printed. L23. Return to an Order of the House of the 8th April, 1918, for a copy of all correspondence, certificates, recommendations and other documents in reference -to the granting of a total disability pension to Colonel R. H. Labatt. — Presented April 24, 191S. — Mr. Copp. Not printed. 124. Return to an Order of the House of the 24th April, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. Upon whose recommendation the returning officer for the county of Joliette, in the last Federal election, was appointed. 2. Whether enumerators were appointed in accord- ance with paragraph one, section forty-two, of the Dominion Elections Act, as amended by the War-time Ejections Act of 1917. 3. If so, the names of the enumerators so appointed, when the list of such enumerators was sent, and to what person or persons said list was sent. Presented April 25, 1918. — Mr. Denis Not printed. 125. Copy of Order in Council, P.C. 812, dated 5th April, 1918. — Regulations governing the Soldier Settlement Loan under the authority of the Soldier Settlement Act (Chapter 21, 7-8 George V). Presented by Hon. Mr. Meighen, April 2fi, 1918 Not printed. 126. Return to an Address to His Excellency the Governor General of the 25th March. 1918, for a copy of all letters and telegrams exchanged between the Dominion Government and the various provincial executives concerning the Order in Council of 22nd Decem- ber, 1917, respecting the sale of securities by provincial, colonial or foreign governments, municipalities and other bodies. Presented April 29, 1918. — Mr. Lemieux Not printed. 25 8-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14— Continued. 127. Return to an Order of the House of the 25th March, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. If any money has been paid to the Dundalk Herald, the Flesherton Advance, the Mark- dale Standaid, the Durham Chronicle, the Grey Review, or the Hanover Post for adver- tising or for any other reason since 1st October, 1917. If so, how many was paid in the case of each of the papers mentioned. Presented April 29. 1918. — Mr. Cahill. Not pr.inted. 128. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th April, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. The officers employed at Quebec on the staff of the Military District No. 5. 2. How long they have been connected with this branch. 3. What service each of them is perform- ing. 4. "What salary and allowance each of them is receiving. 5. Names of those amongst them who have performed service overseas. 6. How long they have been actually at the front. 7. How long they were in the trenches. 8. To which battalion they belonged while overseas. Presented April 29, 1918. — Mr. Power. . . .Not printed. 129. Report of the Commissioners appointed to investigate the businesses of William Davies Co., Ltd., and Matthews-Blackwell, Ltd., dated 1st November, 1917. Presented by Hon. Mr. Crothers, May 1, 1918. 130. Return to an Order of the House of the 24th April, 1918, for a return showing the details of certain totals being the estimated cost of street sewers, etc., given on figures 29 and 30 placed between pages 9 13 - 9 7 of Rural Planning and Development written by Thomas Adams, being a report published by the Commission of Conservation dated 1917. The said totals being $35,584, $26,736, $20,748 and $23,533. Presented May 1, 1918. — Mr. Lemieux Not printed. 131. Statement of expenditure of the Dominion Publicity Committee in account with the Dominion Government, and in connection with the Victory Loan, 1917. Presented by Hon. Mr. Maclean, May 1, 1918. 131a. Report of Mr. A. E. Ames, Chairman of the Dominion Executive Committee of Canada, in connection with the Victory Loan, 1917. Presented by Hon. Mr. Maclean, May 1, 1918 Not printed. 131''. Statement showing details of remuneration paid in connection with Victory Loan. Presented by Hon. Maclean, May 11, 1918 Not printed. 132. Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd April, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. How many local tribunals were established throughout Canada under the Military Service Act. 2. What remuneration per diem was allowed each member of such tribunal. 3. What was remuneration per day for Secretary of tribunal and also for constables or caretaker of the tribunal sessional chamber. 4. What has been the total expenditure to date on account of tribunals under the Military Service Act. 5. Whether there are any outstanding claims unpaid. Presented May 1, 1918. — Mr. White (Victoria). Not printed. 133. Report of the Ninth Annual Meeting of the Commission of Conservation, Canada, November 27-28, 1917. — (The Senate) Not printed. 134. Return showing — 1. Whether the building of the hospital for invalid soldiers at Ste. Anne de Bellevue is under Government control. 2. If not, through whose agency. Whether it is being built by contract or under the supervision of any public body. 3. What sum has been paid by the Government for the land where this hospital is being erected. 4. What the cost of construction will be. 5. How many invalid soldiers it will accommodate. 6. How far this hospital is from Macdonald College. 7. Whether the Government has considered the very grave inconvenience which may result from the erecting of such an institution in the vicinity of a college where hundreds of young ladies are being educated. Presented May 1, 1918. — Mr. Boyer Not printed. 135. Return to an Order of the Senate, dated April 23, 1918. giving the following informa- tion : — The names, dates of appointments, salaries or wages of all clerks and employees of the Department of Public Printing and Stationery, under the following heads : — (a) King's Printer's staff, including advertising, (b) Printing Branch. 1. Clerks. 2. Proofreaders. 3. Typesetting rooms : Mono, Lino, Job and Parliamentary. 4. Press rooms: Platen and Cylinder. 5. Binding: Book, Pamphlet. 6. Stereotyping. 7. Map engraving. 8. Any other Departments, (c) Outside Printing Branch, (d) Accountants. (e) Stationery. (/) Distribution. (g) Mechanical staff. (7;) Canaaa Gazette, (t) Caretaker, (j) Any other Departments. — (The Senate) Not printed. 136. Return showing: — 1. Whether tenders have been recently submitted to the Department of Militia and Defence or to the War Purchasing Commission for a supply of Smoked Wiltshire Bacon, at Toronto, Kingston and London. 2. If so, who the tenderers are, and what their prices are, in each case. 3. To whom the contract has been awarded in each case, and at what price. Presented May 2, 1918. — Mr. Murphy. . . .Not printed. 26 8-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 19 IS CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14— Continued. 137. Order in Council, P.C. 26/912, dated the 19th April, 1918, with regard to remissions made under section 88 of The Indian Act, chapter 81, R.S.C. 1906, of the interest on arrears of purchase price of Park Lot No. 19, in the village of Southampton, in the County of Bruce, Ontario, amounting to $18. — (The Senate) Not printed. 138. Order in Council, P.P. 871, dated 23rd April, 1917, being regulations for the protection of migratory game birds, migratory insectivorous and migratory non-game birds, which inhabit Canada during the whole or any part of - the year, under the authority of The Migratory Bird Act, 7-8 George V, 1917. — (The Semite) Not printed. 139. Return to an Order of the House of the 6th May, 1918. for a return showing: — What the gross earnings of the National Transcontinental railway were for the year ending 31st March, 191S ; how much was earned between Moncton and Quebec, between Quebec and Cochrane Junction, between Cochrane Junction and Winnipeg, and between Lake Superior Junction and Fort William, and the amount paid by that railway to the Canadian Pacific for terminal charges at Quebec. Presented May 13, 1918. — Mr. Lavigueur Not printed. 140. Return to an Order of the House of the 24th April, 1918, for a copy of all correspondence, letters, telegram and other papers exchanged between the Food Controller and the Winnipeg Civic Authorities concerning cold storage conditions at Winnipeg. Presented May 13, 1918. — Mr. Lemieux Not printed. 141. Interim Report No. 2, Georgian Bay Canal Commission, — Wheat Prices, and a Com- parative Study, of United States and Canadian Markets, by W. Sanford Evans. Pre- sented by Hon. Mr. Carvell, May 13, 1918. .Printed for distribution and Sessional Papers. 142. Interim Report No. 3, Georgian Bay Canal Commission — Transatlantic Passenger and Freight Traffic and Steamship Subsidies, by W. Sanford Evans. Presented by Hon. Mr. Carvel, May 13, 1918 Printed for distribution and Sessional Papers. 143. Return to an Order of the House, of the 24th April, 1918, for a copy of all corres- pondence and petitions passed between the Prime Minister and Civil Service Federation, concerning certain appointments made in the Post Office and Customs Departments since the 17th of December, 1917. Presented May 13, 1918. — Mr. Lemieux. .Not printed. 144. Return showing: — 1. Whether the Government is aware that in the past sixteen months in the Cities of Winnipeg, Hamilton, Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal, the following Quantities of foodstuffs, are reported to have been ordered to be destroyed as unfit for human consumption; — (a) Meats: Winnipeg, 7,262 lbs.; Hamilton, 4,874 lbs.; Toronto, quantities not given in lbs., only sides, quarters, legs, etc. ; Ottawa, 7,7S7 lbs. ; Montreal, 105,898 lbs. (b) Poultry: Winnipeg, 11,364 lbs.; Hamilton, 8 fowl; Montreal, 2,344 lbs. (c) Fish: Winnipeg, 9,066 lbs.; Toronto, 74,587 lbs,, weight not given, only number of packages for remainder; Montreal, 137,903 lbs. (d) Vegetables: Winnipeg, 265,565 lbs. ; Toronto, 5,855 lbs. cabbage, the rest weight not given, only crates, baskets, etc., also recently 48,010 lbs., or 24 tons of food unfit for human consumption; Montreal, 13,940 lbs. (e) Eggs: Winnipeg, 3,013 lbs.; Hamilton, 40 doz. ; Toronto, 1,050 doz., 6 tubs, 1 pail, and 8 gallons yolk. (/) Butter: Winnipeg, 3,374 lbs. ; Hamilton, 22 lbs. (g) Fruit (fresh and dried) : Winnipeg, fresh, 46,375 lbs., dried, 37,207 lbs.; Hamilton, fresh. 12 baskets; Montreal, fresh. 3.362 lbs. 2. If so, what action the Government proposes taking to prevent a continuance of such waste. Presented May 13, 1918. — Mr. Foster (York). 145. Return showing: — 1. Whether the Government is aware that 236,490 pounds of food were destroyed in the city of Toronto between April 4 and April 29, 1918, according to a report of one of the Departments of the Toronto City Corporation. 2. Whether the Food Controller has taken any action to stop such wholesale waste of food. 3. If so, what he has done in this particular case. Presented May 15, 1918. — Mr. Proulx. Not printed. 146. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd April, 191S, for a return showing: — 1. The names of all persons employed in connections with the work of preparing the Votes and Proceedings, the Order Paper and the Journals of the House (a) in English, and (b) in French, and the salary and other remuneration paid to each. 2. The number of each of these documents printed, (a) in English, and (b) in French, and the cost of printing and binding the same for the fiscal year ending the 31st of March, 1918. Presented May 15, 1918. — Mr. Currie Not printed. 147. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd April, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. The names of all persons employed in connection with the work of reporting and translating in the House. 2. How long each has been so employed. 3. The rate of remuneration paid to each during the past year, with the total amount paid to each class of persons. 4. Number of copies of the Debates of the House printed during the past year, (a) in English, and (b) in French, specifying the number of the unrevised and of the revised editions, respectively. 5. The cost of printing and binding the same for each year since 1900, inclusive. 6. The amounts paid in addition to the above, in each year since 1900, inclusive, for (a) reporting, (b) translating, (c) typewriting, and (d) printing proceedings before Parliamentary Committees. Presented May 15, 1918. Mr. Currie. Not printed. 27 8-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1918 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14 — Continued. 148. Return to an Order of the House of the 24th April, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. What control the Canadian Government has over the operations of the Imperial Royal Flying Corps in Canada, and what Department of the Government would exercise this control. 2. Whether the Canadian Government has any officers or representatives on the Canadian Branch of the Imperial Flying Corps. If so, what their names are, and what positions they occupy. 3. Whether the Canadian Government intends to take over all the offices, plant, and equipment, of the Imperial Royal Flying Corps in Canada at an early date. If not, why not. How many accidents and deaths have occurred in Canada, United States and Overseas among our flying men. 5. The nature of the investigations into these accidents, and where the records are kept. G. Whether the Government of Canada at the close of the war intends to establish and maintain a Canadian Flying Corps. If so, what preparations are under way, with this end in view. 7. How many Canadians and how many Americans, have joined the Imperial Royal Flying Corps in Canada. 8. How many mechanics are employed by the Imperial Royal Flying Corps in Canada. 9. What amount of money has been expended in Canada by the Imperial Royal Flying Corps. 10. How many Canadian Officers who have seen air service overseas are in the employ of the Imperial Royal Flying Corps in Canada. Presented May 16, 1918. — Mr. Armstrong (Lambton). 148a. Return to an Order of the House of the 24th April, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. What status the Canadian recruits of the Royal Flying Corps have in -the military affairs of Canada. 2. In the case of permanent injury or death of Canadians in the Royal Flying Corps in the discharge of their duties, what provision has been made to pension their dependents. 3. How many men came to Canada from England to establish training camps for the Royal Flying Corps ; if any of these men have returned to England. If so, how many have been replaced by Canadians. 4. What comparative results were obtained in training cadets at the training camps around Toronto and the camps located in Texas. 5. Whether the Royal Flying Corps went to Texas and remained there at the expense of, and on the request of the United States Government. 6. Whether the authorities of the Royal Flying Corps were asked to give consideration to a location in British Columbia. If so, what the nature of the request was. 7. If it is not a fact that the weather conditions in Texas proved very unfavourable for flying corps training purposes. S. What investigations of a technical character were made of the air con- ditions in Texas before selecting that place as a training ground for our airmen. 9. What investigations were made as to the atmospherical and climatical conditions in British Columbia regarding the locating of an air squadron training camp in that pro- vince. 10. Whether the Imperial Munitions Board took an option to lease a large area of land at Delta, near Vancouver, B.C., to establish winter training camps for the Can- adian training squadrons of the Royal Flying Corps, and whether tenders were asked for materials, hangers, buildings, etc. If so, why these negotiations were dropped. 11. How many deaths in the Royal Flying Corps training camps in Texas resulted from atmospherical conditions, which aie unfavourable to the successful training of aviators. 12. Whether any requests have been made to the Canadian Government for assistance to the Royal Flying Corps either through appropriation or gifts of money for training machines. If so, the nature of these requests. 13. Where the records are kept of the causes of injury or illness of Canadian cadets and mechanics of the Royal Flying Corps. 14. Whether English-born drill sergeants ai-e exclusively employed in the training of Canadian cadets in the Royal Flying Corps in Canada. 15. What efforts have been made by the Canadian Government or individuals or organizations to develop and assist the Flying Corps in Canada, and whether the Government has extended any assistance to these individuals or organizations. 16. Whether any part of the grant of $100 provided by Order in Council for each aviator trained in Canada to defray a part of the expense incurred in training has been paid, or whether any request for payment has been made. Presented May 16, 1918. — Mr. Armstrong (Lambton) Not printed. 149. Second Report of the War Purchasing Commission, covering period from 1st January, 1917, to 31st March, 1918. Presntd by Sir Robert Borden, May 16, 1918 Not printed. 150. Return to an Order of the Senate dated 9th May, 191S, for a return giving a statement of imports of petroleum oils and spirits (gallons, value and duty) during each of the following fiscal years ending 31st March: 1909-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17, and for each month of the unexpired year ending 31st March, 1918. — (The Senate).. ..Not printed. 151. Report of the Administrative Chairman of the Honourary Advisory Council for Scientific and Industrial Research 1917-18. Presented by Sir George Foster, May 17, 1918. Not printed. 152. Return to an Address to His Excellency the Governor General, of the 13th May. 191S. for a copy of the Order in Council appointing Mr. Main Johnson and passed under the War Measures Act as mentioned by Hon. Mr. Rowell on page 1350 of Unrevised Hansard. Presented May 20. 1918. — Mr. Archambault Not printed. 153. First Report of the Munition Resources Commission. November, 1915, to February, 1918, inc'usive. Presented by Hon. Mr. Burrell, 20th May, 1918.. ", Not printed. 28 8-9 George V Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers A. 1918 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14— Concluded. 154. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd April, 1918, for a return showing: — Whal amounts have been paid by the Government for printing or advertising to the Globe, Toronto, and the Devoir, Montreal, during each of the fiscal years ending 31st March, 1915, 1916, 1917 and 191S. Presented May 20, 1918. — Mr. McMaster Not printed. 155. Return to an Order of the House of the 25th March, 1918, for a copy of all petitions, letters or communications of any kind either asking for or opposing the importation of coolie labour, from first of September last to date. Presented May 20, 1918. — Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 156. Return to an Order of the House of the 25th March, 1918, for a copy of all memoranda and petitions by Slav subjects of Austria, naturalized in Canada, setting forth griev- ances and suggesting remedies. Presented May 20, 1918. — Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Not printed. 157. Return to an Order of the Senate, dated 12th April, 1918, for a return giving: — 1. The name, rank,' and qualifications of each of the persons, upon whose advice and recom- mendation, lobster hatcheries, heretofore operated in Canada by the Department of Naval Affairs, are td remain closed. 2. Copies of the reports and recommendations (or if the same are published, the references thereto in official publications), which fully disclose all the facts, reasons, and grounds, upon which the Department makes its decision to abandon the policy of operating lobster hatcheries. — {The Senate). Not printed. 158. Order in Council P.C. 668, dated 25th March, 1918, re procedure for conferring titles of honour upon subjects of His Majesty ordinarily resident in Canada. Presented by Sir Robert Borden, May 21, 1918 Not printed. 159. Return to an Order of the House of the 2nd May, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. The amount paid the Toronto Globe and the Toronto Star respectively, from 1st January, 1917, to 1st April, 1918, for all service between the said dates. 2. Whether- any con- tract of any kind was made with either of the said newspapers between the dates men- tioned for advertising, publicity, or news editorial and feature service. 3. If so, by whom said contract or contracts were made, and what the particulars are thereof. Pre- sented May 22. 1918. — Mr. Murphy Not printed. 160. Return to an Order of the House of the Sth April, 1918, fQr a return showing: — 1. What quantity of bran, shorts, or mill feed have been exported to the United States (a) by license; (b) without license, between 1st August, 1917, and 28th February, 1918. 2. To what firms in Canada licenses to export this feed have been granted, and for what quantity in each case. Presented May 22, 1918. — Mr. Kay Not printed. 161. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th May, 1918, for a return showing: — 1. The total amount paid to the Journal Publishing Company of Ottawa, Limited, during the fiscal years 1912-13-14-15-16-17 inclusive, for (a) rentals; (6) printing. 2. Whether the official cheques of the Government for said rentals and printing jobs were issued directly in favour of the above company, or to P. D. Ross, Esq. Presented May 23, 1918. — Mr. Brouillard ~ Not printed. 162. Return to an Order of the House of the 16th May, 1918, for a return showing :— 1. The total number of the families of soldiers deceased since the beginning of the war, who receive pensions from the Government. 2. Of this number, how many reside in Great Britain, how many reside in Canada, and how many reside elsewhere. Presented May 23, 1918. — Mr. Seguin Not printed. 163. Report dealing with the purchase and sale of Fordson tractors by the Canada Food Board. Presented by Hon. Mr. Crerar, May 23. 191S Not printed. 2!> 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a A. 1918 SHIPPING REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CUSTOMS CONTAINING THE STATEMENTS OF NAVIGATION AND SHIPPING OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31 1917 COMPILED FROM OFFICIAL RETURNS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CUSTOMS PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA J. de LABROQUERIE TACHE PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1918 [No. 11a— 1918] 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a A. 1918 To His Excellency the Duke of Devonshire, K.G., P.C., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., etc., etc., etc., Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of the Dominion of Canada. May it Please Your Excellency: — The undersigned has the honour to present to Your Excellency the Annual Report of the Department of Customs, containing Statements of Navigation and Shipping of the Dominion of Canada for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917, as compiled from official returns and laid before me by the Commissioner of Customs. All of which is respectfully submitted. A. L. SIFTON, Minister of Customs. Ottawa, February 28, 1918. 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a A. 1918 Customs Department, Ottawa, January 22, 1918. Hon. A. L. Sifton, Minister of Customs. I have the honour to hand you the Annual Report of the Department of Customs, containing Statements of Navigation and Shipping of the Dominion of Canada for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1917. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, JOHN McDOUGALD, Commissioner of Customs. 4 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a A. 1918 INDEX TO STATEMENTS No. of State- ment. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Description. Page. Total Vessels built, registered, and sold, and total tonnage entered Inwards and Out- wards since Confederation Statement, by Ports, of Vessels built and registered, 1917 Statement showing the trade via St. Lawrence River (Sea-going Vessels) Inwards and Outwards Statement of Vessels entered Inwards from Sea by Ports and Outports Abstract, by Countries, of Vessels entered Inwards from Sea Statement of Vessels entered Outwards for Sea, by Ports and Outports Abstract, by Countries, of Vessels entered Outwards for Sea Summary Statement of Sea-going Vessels Arrived and Departed, by Ports Statement of the Nationalities of Sea-going Vessels Summary Statement of Sear-going Vessels entered Inwards and Outwards Summary Statement of Vessels Arrived and Departed (exclusive of Coasting Vessels) Trade with each country, by Ports, and Nationality of Vessels Inwards Summary Statement of Vessels Inwards from Sea, by Countries and Nationalities . Trade with each Country, by Ports, and Nationality of Vessels Outwards Summary Statement of Vessels Outwards for Sea, by countries and Nationalities Statement of intercourse by Inland Navigation between Canada and United States, Inwards Statement of intercourse by Inland Navigation between Canada and United States, Outwards Summary Statement of Inland Navigation, Inwards and Outwards Statement of Vessels employed in the Coasting Trade 7 9 11 12 18* 22 28 32 36 37 37 38 68 70 100 102 106 109 110 5 S GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a A. 1918 EXPLANATORY NOTE TONNAGE SHOWN IN STATEMENTS ARE NET TONS. 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a A. 1918 No. 1. — Comparative Statement showing the Tonnage of all Vessels entered Inwards and Outwards in the Dominion of Canada, during each Fiscal Year, from 1868 to 1917, inclusive. NAVIGATION. Fiscal Year. Tonnage of Vessels built. Tons. 87,230 96,439 93,166 106,101 114,065 140,370 174,404 188,098 165,041 127,297 106,976 103,551 68,756 79,364 68,240 73,576 70,287 57,486 37,531 26,798 22,698 23,835 39,434 55,477 44,321 38,521 Tonnage of Vessels registered. Tons. 113,692 125,408 110,852 121,724 127,371 152,226 163,016 204,002 144,422 126,160 100,089 94,882 64,982 70,210 78,076 78,229 80,822 65,962 40,872 67,662 33,298 31,998 53,853 52,506 61,457 45,796 7 Tonnage of Vessels en- tered In- wards and Outwards (Sea-going and Inland Navigation exclusive of Coasting). Tons. 12,982,825 10,461,044 11,415,870 13,126,028 12,808,160 11,748,997 11,399,857 9,537,155 9,911,199 11,091,244 12,054,890 11,646,812 13,577,845 13,802,432 13,379,882 13,770,735 14,359,026 14,084,712 13,969,232 14,090,998 15,217,308 16,054,221 18,446,100 18,803,648 18,692,455 18,539,534 Tonnage of Vessels employed in the Coast ing Trade entered In- wards and Outwards. Tons. 10,300,939 8,968,862 11,047,661 12,066,683 14,053,013 15, 116,766 14,791,064 15,683,566 15,473,707 15,944,422 16,368,274 17,513,677 18,789,279 19,834,577 22,797,115 24,694,580 24,783,844 24,579,123 Tonnage and value of vessels sold to other countries. Tonnage. Tons. 64,134 46,329 35,039 19,318 16,208 16,808 16,161 23,896 17,368 13,177 14,343 9,263 14,479 16,173 22,844 15,143 36,399 31,317 8 01 8T0M8 DEP. I RT 1/ /. A '/ 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 1. — Comparative Statement showing the Tonnage of all Vessels entered Inwards and Outwards, etc. — Concluded. navigation. Fiscal Year. Tonnage of Vessels built. Tonnage of Vessels registered. Tonnage of Vessels en- tered In- wards and Outwards (Sea-going and Inland Navigation exclusive of Coasting). Tonnage of Vessels employed in the Coast- ing Trade entered In- wards and Outwards. Tonnage and value of vessels sold to other Countries. Tonnage. Value. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. $ 1894 23,497 29,878 20,353,081 26,560,968 21,960 243,429 1895 • 18,728 26,125 19,100,963 25,473,434 16,567 172,563 1896 10,753 14,144 21,870,473 27,431,753 12,203 99,392 1897 12,058 22,959 23,373,933 27,267,979 9,158 105, 164 1898 22,426 27,716 24,746,116 29,663,950 17,210 191,069 1899 22,085 28,257 25,420,110 30,212,496 7,562 126,466 1900 28,544 40,443 26,914,095 33,631,730 13,354 205,618 1901 20, 156 35,156 26,029,808 34,444,796 4,490 66, 468 1902 28,288 34,236 30,025,404 40,700,907 11,360 235,865 1903 30,856 41,405 33,655,043 44,990,358 11,172 220,602 1904 28,397 33,192 31,202,205 45,505,122 7,208 87,115 4905 i. 21,865 27,583 32,277,820 44,377,261 3,696 100,363 1906 ' 18,724 37,639 34,732,172 46,324,062 9,487 187,725 *1907 • 33,205 31,635 30,595,891 31,691,420 3,855 68,190 1908 49,928 78,144 39,575,031 50,529,835 4,515 132,900 1909 29,023 32,899 40,701,603 52,670,198 3,644 98,643 1910 24,059 33,383 44,567,991 56,750,928 5,047 133,800 1911 22,812 50,006 47,429,545 66,627,934 5,885' 201,526 1912 31,065 30,021 52,973,127 66,267,662 4,265 140,350 1913 24,325 30, 225 57,849,783 73,644,713 7,976 610,650 1914 46,887 46,909 61,919,483 78,356,809 8,258 169,618 1915 45,721 55,384 53,604,153 73,099,982 17,044 1,150,950 1916 13,497 102,239 57,721,098 68,709,424 4,529 192,575 1917 28,638 105,826 65,712,544 64,895,622 24,954 4,398,570 * 9 months. sii l I'i'i \ <; REPORT 0 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a © co o «c "i CM 00 — i " CO — — Ol 0) CO rf >C — i — CO "0 — i OM«! CI c-1 © — — i — i oi ; ; rc / i- -r i - c -f c n x 1 CO CO t - CO CO i-O © co i-0 oi co co : " M rt N f C « o co o> <-> I^CCCCC5-h-«^r cm — « OC t~- T CO CO >o m ifl i- cr. ro oi — < © — CM © — . CO © CM © CM TOCCl © CO — Ol CM ■ rt«MN c; io - ^ -r c f ci n — co o c l- ci x - cooo — — «CX|-^— .TTOfCOCO OC — © 00 io ico co co CO • • »c — < • ■ § S g £ * 8 co 3 C "SO . t- -C jQ - — ' — - Z oj eu.S _ TJ1 c 3 DC - -r _r. > £ — : r. < -- . s- E .= 0 O u O ... :!z - . s> ■ ~ r. c — = fc'E 3~J J z. Z 2 s 10 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1911 « — • >^^^^-| o 8HIPP1 \ 0 REPORT 1 1 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a No. 3. — Statement showing the Trade via St. Lawrence River (Sea-going Vessels) Inwards and Outwards, during the Fiscal year ended March 31 1917. Vessels. Freight No. Tons Tons Tons Register. Weight. Measurement. 882 2,117,136 246,787 93,628 943 2,639,065 2,686,669 663,126 Total trade 1,825 4,756,201 2,933,456 756,754 12 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 4. — Statement of Vessels, British, Canadian and Foreign, entered Inwards Ports and Outports. WITH CARGOES. Bbitish. Quantity of Freight. 93 o u o> Q B 3 Canadian. Quantity of Freight . 1 Albert, N.B 2 Alberton, P.E.I 3 Alert Bay, B.C 4 Amherst, N.S 5 Annapolis Royal, N.S... Anyox, B.C Arichat, N.S Baddeck, N.S 9 Barrington Passage, N.S. 10 Barton, N.S 11 Bathurst, N.B 12 Bear River, N.S 13 Belliveau's Cove, N.S. . 14 Bridgetown, N.S 15 Bridgewater, N.S 16 Buctouche, N.B 17 Campbellton, N.B 18 Campo Bello, N.B 19 Canning, N.S 20iCanso, N.S 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 41 418 800 L2 2,280 681 1,130 17 751 17,539 2,001 355 196 666 334 1,102 123 352 474 195 250 lfi Caraquet, N.B Charlottetown, P.E.I. Chatham, N.B Chemainus, B.C Chester, N.S Chicoutimi, Que Church Point, N.S. . . Clarks Harbour, N.S. Clementsport, N.S — Dalhousie, N.B 677 1,009 22 25 2 14 158 45 1 4,144 431 1,813 2,337 29,724 99 32 551 2,780 356 99 205 596 3llDigbv, N.S. 32 Dorchester, N.B 33 Fredericton, N.B 34 Freeport, N.S 35 Gaspe, Que 36 Georgetown, P.E.I 37 Glace Bay, N.S 38 Halifax, N.S 39 Hantsport, N.S 40 Hillsboro, N.B.. 41 Indian Island, N.B. 42 Isaac's Harbour, N.S 43 Joggins Mines, N.S. . . 44 Kentville, N.S 45 Kingsport, N.S 46 Ladner, B.C 47 Ladysmith, B.C 48 La Have, N.S 49 Levis, Que 50 Liverpool, N.S 51 Lockeport, N.S 52 Lord's Covev N.B 53 Louisburg, N.S 54 Lower East Pubnico, N.S 55 Lunenburg, N.S 56 Magdalen Islands, Que... 57 Mahone Bay, N.S 58 Maitland, N.S 59 Meteghan River, N.S... . 321 981,801 126,217 29,907 1 140 183 2 1 1,400 3,046 59 r,5 91,473 2,026 453 2,668 20 100 179,525 3,225 51 87 2,011 9 47 128 18 29 268 694 268 952 186 755 197 7,354 90,719 224 825 180 257 7,975 1,258 2,073 944 4,< 1,555 23,260 1,750 99 145 1,479 31,296 1,642 7 340 53 75 618 711 855 233 2,740 2,355 6,667 198 554 448 74 1,095 469 1,785 328 900 316 6,566 51,548 462 40 50 10,247 2,179 3,039 505 4,261 365 29,804 2,025 1 16 BHIPP1 VQ REPORT 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a rom Sea, at each Port and Outport, during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. IN BALLAST. FORIGN. British. Canadian. Foreign. Quantity of Freight. t- a; 3 s S3 Eh 531 U 355 41 S4 114 83,817 664 482 107,326 386 3 617 102 85 285 7,907 95 5,052 856 1,749 60 1,370 5 260 32 385 31 72 226 298 36 2 2 36 5 6 69 1 16 1 5,606 494 18 4,639 559 2,863 1,483 92 10,164 261 256 281 382 252 393 300 300 106 950 1 1 . 232 15 130 15,039 893 53 3 14 524 21,041 285 15,627 12,235 1,195 729 105 77 58 9,757 824 4,783 237 263 966 15 32 228 10,957 5,109 1,216 9,656 1,973 108 36 201 18,383 16 210 15,714 234 51 2 7 881 69 741 31,075 3,618 20 10,678 969 3,026 L9 37 15 26,215 1,183 2,574 5,063 59 2,814 62 61,992 4,159 79^162 93 30 1,613 5 225 239 21 10,590 757, 198 12,227 71 100 164 139 1 4 5 1 1 341 19,890 825 3,787 8 10 91 26 1,932 5 16 7 4 4 :;<)2 16 8 100 14 5 469,916 4,736 3,352 1,118 580 1,064 521 647 51 280 122 3 3 Kill 7 2,231 136 15,296 794 70 17 629 85 1 145 159 14 59,205 924 10,191 2,096 74 123,407 774 465 170 9,430 1,417 29 263,377 316 637 31 2,347 525 12 3,207 216 31 18 644 13 95 110,940 1,608 199 2, M0 386 206 113 1 42 3,936 39,710 67 2,602 578 2,161 6 525 21 11 116 53 27 29 6 5,933 146 1,679 43,926 1,385 2,235 755 315 14 CI 8T0 fefiS DEP IRTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 4. — Statement of Vessels, British, Canadian and Foreign, entered Inwards 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 Ports and Outpprts. Moncton, N.B Montague Bridge, P.E.I. Montreal, Que Moose Factory, Man Murray Harbour, P.E.I. . Nanaimo, B.C New Campbellton, N.S.. New Castle, N.B Newport, B.C New Westminster, B.C.. North East Harbour, N.S North Head, N.B North Sydney, N.S Ocean Falls, B.C Parrsboro, N.S Paspebiac, Que Perce, Que Pictou, N.S Port Alberni, B.C Port Clyde, N.S Port Elgin, N.B Port Hawkesbury, N.S.. Port Hood, N.S Port La Tour, N.S Port Mulgrave, N.S Port Simpson, B.C Port Wade, N.S Port Williams, N.S Powell River, B.C Prince Rupert, B.C Pugwash, N.S Quebec, Que Richibucto, N.B Rimouski, Que River Hebert, N.S St. Andrews, N.B St. George, N.B St. John, N.B St. Martins, N.B St. Stephen, N.B Sackville, N.B Salmon River, N.S Sandy Point, N.S Sheet Harbour, N.S Shelburne, N.S., Sherbrooke, N.S Shippegan, N.B Shusharti Bay, B.C Sidney, B.C Sorel, Que Souris, P.E.I Steveston, B.C Stickeen, B.C Summerside, P.E.I Sydney, N.S Three Rivers, Que Tignish, P.E.I Truro, N.S Tusket, N.S WITH CARGOES. British. 217 2 126 144 27 150 199 847,341 280 104,983 3,252 280 131,168 562,771 192,149 535,063 399 1,542 480 98 2,725 2,154 186,007 2,371 Quantity of Freight m © E-i 410 208,237 ... 1,085 2 50 1,120 3,260 1.5,551 183,272 759 1,585 262 1,072 922 421,994 1,000 to « © 82,805 10,723 64,883 21,492 21 ,558 156 23 37 7,077 16,698 6,920 17,582 24 126 2,322 33 Canadian. 43 1 3 420 3] 281 99 3,794 1,541 74 2,053 572 82 12,599 463 221 80 280 20,942 181 98 592 71 55,443 1,893 4 31,025 32 529 4S2 1,185 2,004 587 1,821 835 197 27,202 94 Quantity of Freight. to © Eh 550 297 3,130 146 27 733 266 15 1,330 574 450 130 448 3,170 203 10 6,270 650 2 57,288 1 1,169 659 744 225 570 302 363 165 331 49, 185 23 SHIPP1 \ Q REPORT 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a rrom Sea, at each Port and Outport, during the Fiscal Year ended March 31 , 1917. IN BALLAST. Foreign. British. i\ umber ot Vessels. Tons Register. Quantity of Freight. Crew, Number. Number of Vessels. Tons Register. Crew, Number. 1 i Number of Vessels. Tons Register. Crew, Number. Number of Vessels. 3 CO '3 s m CO c S Eh ( 'row. Number. jS _M CO '3 o-~ H o E 3 co -«-» co O 0) §S E H 5 1 315 11,902 35 966,226 151 5 14,950 1 96 4 6 3,158 48 2 4,711 9,166 56 1 2,263 25 23 73,915 1,006 1 94 2 39 11,982 88 8 667 8 46 23,856 4,982 4,000 611 37 14,334 299 607 1 27 60 14 2 24 70 1 62 20 243,244 1,472 12,633 13,721 1,751 141 441 14,408 69 19,507 9,733 4,686 21 286 330 48 36 64 1,268 10 883 210 1 1 1 2,263 1, 142 2,577 26 14 55 2 12 2 4 31 7 2,157 3,721 109 49 45,220 5,588 4,274 1,839 12 114 32 218 30 8 738 220 88 5 26,042 322 892 31 108 208 3 25 11,174 42,933 417 11,064 683 2,522 14 124 502 100,113 4,511 3,166 328 6 4 7,386 8,539 100 100 10 1 2,404 58 3,910 15 75 5 1 44 3 2 5,506 60 5 6 1 5,788 2,610 253 90 146 6 2 2 798 114 9 8 1 35 3 399 3,208 282 500 2,156 33 418 10 519 59 1 48 5 2 1, 149 60 12 1,142 155 3 6 4 5 34 577 499 490 11 117 53 29 3 13 9 200 4.564 246 43 205 105 3 122 130 12 1 2,094 24 1 64 760 173 34,609 210,498 5 1,510 8,306 20. 110 14,274 888 1 15 14 41,578 19,728 621 1,001 4 67 285 47,602 28 1,965 37 124 4 11 8 10 15,069 51,801 4,522 14, 603 1,188 10,583 680 3,202 69 250 46 163 1 1,379 151 22 8 7,690 143 1 1,940 24 9 1 240 7 97 21 29 9, 100 77 16,077 116 2,481 7,755 2,247 154 3 1,045 12 320 88 153 396 4 207 1 81 1 16,048 682 312,925 430 5,811 241 11,116 590 64,208 4 10,200 413 1,544 14 11,559 3 201 6 703 100 424 22 33 33,824 6,343 53,126 3,018 902 3,486 374 1,592 184 104 8,027 108 406,503 5,926 4 85 1 24 2 59 7,156 196 3,193 371 11 1,698 7 462 13 66 6,236 3,468 1,272 1 168 6 20 1,690 571 358 2 1 71 357 22 6 3 3 17 634 1,557 2,711 1,137 76 2,868 37 65 74 4 36 80 594 28 112 4 21 882 80 1 94 6 17 44 749 1,234 163 157 11 142 9 865 3,166 98 162 405 37 10 32 5 78 1,701 522 • 2,530 189,717 636 162 4,588 518,873 104 131 10 2,361 245 13 663, 194 32,934 10, 134 555 79 6 64,167 8,660 1,600 108 16 3 25,497 4,485 382 84 1 283 5 3 2 626 188 16 44 1 86 220 18 Canadian. Foreign. 16 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 4. — Statement of Vessels, British, Canadian and Foreign, entered Inwards s> B 3 Ports and Outports. WITH CARGOES. British. Canadian. Number of Vessels. Tons Register. Quantity of Freight. Crew, Number. Number of Vessels. Tons Register. Quantity of Freight. Crew, Number. 1 Tons Weight. Tons Measure- ment. Tons Weight. Tons Measure- ment. 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 Union Bay, B.C Vancouver, B.C /. Victoria, B.C Westport, N.S 205 353 544,878 481,293 197,435 15,857 151,751 3,596 21,447 27,061 560 144 7 9 17 17 6 228 812,385 191,418 468 948 469 10, 065 665 145,985 83,614 14,926 500 636 2,423 2,804 33,861 126 30,454 6,222 24 45 31 75 25 13,273 Weymouth, N.S White Rock, B.C Windsor, N.S Wolfville, N.S Yarmouth, N.S York Factory, Man . . Total 10 1 2,848 1,004 5,259 300 69 42 160,067 24,398 1,928 4,691,442 1,375,673 313,758 3,324 1,541,133 425,116 38,014 73,768 SHIPPING REPORT 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a from Sea, at each Port and Outport, during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. IN BALLAST. Number. Foreign. British. Canadian. Foreign. Number of Vessels. C 2 ■ a? « XI £ G o *o . % S h u 2 01 V Pi 00 c O Eh u 3 s O *o . u 2 £ 9 m ' 6fi £ 3 to $ u O 22 22 68 78,773 46,928 262,456 1,571 1,792 11,721 25 147 264 4 8 52 55 15,469 19,153 30,298 72 870 847 67,979 242 1,089 1,579 8 43 124 403 106 201 249 63,091 92,995 286, 769 937 3,182 8,884 119 12C 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 477 557 526,761 723,650 532,550 54,855 82,991 20, 735 14,559 30,319 1 20 7 3 40 121 477 2,904 553 7,212 100 54 2,499 4 64 36 13 877 11 51 36 1,806 762 33,136 75 121 166 4,255 12 1,151 122 90 3,688 957 2,671 3,749 2,442,979 1,763.929 117,497 85,389 1,814 3,619,689 70, 126 593,971 23,745 5,680 1,900,567 58,845 11a— 2 18 CUSTOMS DEPARTME* T 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 5. — Statement of Vessels, British, Canadian and Foreign, entered Inwards ABSTRACT BY Countries from which Arrived. WITH CARGOES. British. Quantity of Freight. w a) 53 s ». i ; Canadian. Quantity of Freight. EC O r «= - United Kingdom Australia B. South Africa B. West Africa B. W. Indies B. Oceania, other B. Straits Settlements. Egypt Figi Islands Gibraltar Malta Newfoundland Brazil Canary Islands Chili China Cuba Denmark Dutch E. Indies France French Africa Greece Greenland and Iceland Hawaii Holland Italy Japan Mexico v . . Nicaragua Norway Panama Peru Philippines Portugal Russia San Domingo St. Pierre.. Sea Fisheries Spain United States Sea Cable and Admiralty 2,474,510 192,000 2,304 401 , 555 36,966 1,048 85 15s. 710 117,080 4,366 7.303 40ii 349,473 5.471 8,075 125,883 3,043 18,354 4,900 3,048 6,000 24 157,365 40,769 22,286 8,941 44,792 4,667 85 3 697 2,640 8,113 4,591 1,166,094 2,530 2,612 10,555 268,071 Total 1.928 4,691,442 1,375,673 129,806 38,744 69,016 5,977 42 32,738 9,780 72 12,773 36,302 144 4,046 67 41 75,374 6,ss2 794 241 171 45 1,946 63 4v7t;i 313,758 160,067 3,324 160 18,993 14,388 13,559 24,461 115 $6,098 51,826 4 11,254 1 147 1,249 4 1,662 16,326 2,263 200 2,7 6,188 3,25 7,933 1,384 2,804 1,367 6,423 528 44,518 396 1,392,413 1,541,133 2,77 4.450 2,310 9,016 660 32,687 670 254,156 425,116 402 742 MO 100 1,601 20, 626 189 26 4!) 97 S.OIKI 23 48 89 120 4,232 47 11,669 27 58,396 3.V044 r.3,768 n////7'/ \ 0 REPORT 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a from Sea, in the Dominion of Canada during the Fiscal Year ended March 31,1917. COUNTRIES. IN BALLAST. Foreign. Hkl I [SH. Canadian. Foreign. Quantity of Freight. si c so « o o 1> - X 23,370 7,362 492 12. 102 19,014 18,971 7,673 5,727 375 309 51 is 19 1 1,845,357 59,939 2,308 4r, 612 13,863 4,921 27,270 1,246 45 87 191 194 36 27,476 437 213 3 4 221,032 2,264 3,431 2,257 26,305 598 197,496 484,414 2,396 51 1 552 143,589 2,475 121,677 2,109 29 5,509 16,706 :;:;s 120,164 5,007 384 8,754 2,397 7,375 140, 142 10,080 7,228 16,377 108 2,897 144,031 393 8,603 475 71 16,423 1,959 166 32 172 9 6 527,046 30,325 20,576 8,171 545 440 2,534 32 42,703 5, 192 203,813 6,081 53,818 14,980 41,725 5, 165 64 67,803 11,846 7,595 907 177 83 396 4,949 1,936 5,465 67,273 27,106 989 14 3,007 37 124 14 1,671 8,479 20, 3, 1, 23, 13, 3, 156, 10, 1,596, 1, 36,558 2,685 812 8,232 25,925 880 19,435 16,897 1,047,770 2,648 14,764 247 37 43 352 319 303 11,706 260 36,256 60,246 24 14, 17:i 2,615 187 42 2,697 14,534 16 90 3 230 14 1 , 056 11,698 6,248 522,903 25,827 76 1,307 72 11,423 786 15 314 1 1,961 1 1,251 18,192 3,122 417,270 84 74 3,920 86 14,125 11 5,400 26,626 6, 9,736 4,646 1,392,856 42, 9,991 25 527 9 14 3,749 2,442,979 1,763,929 117,497 85,389 1,814 3,619,689 70, 126 2,671 593,971 23,745 5,680 1,900,567 58,845 11a— 2\ 20 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 5. — Statement of Vessels, British, Canadian and Foreign, entered Inwards RECAPIT- — Number, of Vessels. Tons Register. Quantity of Freight. Crew Number. Tons Weight. Tons Measure- ment. With Cargo — 1,928 4,691,442 1,375,673 313,758 160,067 3,324 1,541,133 425,116 38,044 73,768 3,749 2,442,979 1,763,929 117,497 85, 389 Total ..: .. 9,001 8,675,554 3,564,718 469,299 319,224 SHIPPING REPORT 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a f rom Sea, in the Dominion of Canada during the Fiscal Year, ended March 31,1917 ULATION. Number, of Vessels. Tons Register. Quantity of Freight. Crew Number. Tons \\ rl^li 1 . Tons M easure- ment. In Ballast- British 1,814 2,671 5,680 3,619,689 593,971 1 , 900, 567 70, 126 23,745 58,845 Canadian Foreign Total 10,165 6,114,227 152,716 Grand total 19, 166 14,789,781 3,564,718 469,299 471,940 22 ri .s To us hl-llWRTMEST 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 6. — Statement of Vessels, British, Canadian and Foreign entered Outwards Ports and Outports. WITH CARGOES. British. Quantity of Freight. 2 S 2 £ Canadian. Quantity of Freight. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 Albert, N.B Alberton, P.E.I Alert Bay, B.C Amherst, N.S Annapolis Royal, X.S. Anyox, B.C Ariehat, N.S Baddeck, N.S Barrington Passage, N.S Barton, N.S Bathurst, N.B Bear River, N.S Belliveau's Cove, N.S. . . Bridgewater, N.S Buctouche, N.B Campbellton, N.B Campo Bello, N.B Canning, N.S Canso, N.S Caraquet, N.B Cardigan, P.E.I Charlottetown, P.E.I... Chatham, N.B Chemainus, B.C Chester, N.S. Cheticamp, N.S Chicoutimi, Que Church Point, N.S Clark's Harbour, N.S. . Clementsport, N.S Dalhousie, N.B Digby, N.S Dorchester, Fredericton, Gaspe, Que. Georgetown Glace Bav, N.S Halifax, N.S Hantsport, N.S Hillsboro, N.B.. Indian Island, N.B. . . . Isaacs Harbour, N.S.. Joggins Mines, N.S. . . . Kinsport, N.S Ladner, B.C Ladysmith, B.C LaHave, N.S Liverpool, N.S Lockeport, N.S Lord's Cove, N.S Louisburg, N.S — .... Lower East Pubnico, N.S Lunenburg, N.S Magdalen Island, Que. Mahone Bay, N.S Maitland, N.S Meteghan River, N.S. Moncton, N.B 246 492 2X2 747 1,494 614 2,328 .546 2,995 196 2,063 1,570 9,966 670 28 40 2 10, 334 268 597 3,588 547 1,839 7,210 203 7 18 85 2,651 154 3,572 6,494 HI 27,307 57,900 375 270 472 21 39 596 1,113 76 5,610 24,731 1,920 111 3,420 2 12 59,452 3,183 6 106 295 21 473 27,924 3,937 272 20,322 46, 151 344 1,114 7,390 20,457 98 1,576 N.B N B 296 7s:; 7,456 124 10 P.E.I 9,276 384 200 375 8,200 1 162 31 2,000 489 1,552,260 482,772 270,877 37,969 82 4 15 4,747 87, 100 7,574 145 781 1,550 1,000 1,814 1,755 2,896 240,684 533 6 14,952 29,326 473,470 1,735 701 21 4,294 190 10 6 1 45 17 49 51 98 131 11 44 99 958 3,608 128 12,474 1,674 6,647 1,936 776 93,365 713 6,073 870 795 975 281 19 1,128 712 5,717 1,933 475 3,315 67s 8,390 34,875 10,250 145 1,687 3,272 154 11,065 3,015 11,754 1,002 1,108 161,591 322 10,710 1,540 1,263 550 SHIPPING REP0R1 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a for Sea, at each Port and Outport, during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917 IN BALLAST. Foreign. British. Canadian. Foreign. Number of Vessels. Tons Register. Quantity of Freight. 1 Crew, Number. Number of Vessels. Tons Register. Crew, Number. Number of Vessels. Tons Register. Crew, Number. Nulnber of Vessels. Tons Register. Crew, Number. to '5 p- i c 3 • CO jj 0) 1> 3 3 44 355 14 104 36 5,500 313 4 2 6 12 22 26 2,091 18 7,640 1,014 6,288 449 3,470 9 4,254 898 12 125 9 42 5 45 106 244 106 51 78 3 6 19,342 1,585 61 60 627 513 13 24 101 4 77,824 360 945 68 43 1,034 118 17 10,449 470 250 11 143 50 47 20,001 29,782 388 2 287 15 6 8 778 1,428 97 50 58 19 41,053 200 55,286 384 38 311 117 20«, 476 1,151 20 972 92 21 2,109 1,748 100 264 54 9,108 772 60 157 5,225 2,249 1,043 659 220 10,226 2,745 4 1,421 35 108 50 7 1 14 51,621 5,710 90 97 19,865 124, 158 12,539 1,168 155 25 6 319 . . . . Y . 945 18 270 40, 188 3 22 262 241 27 72 - 5 1 174 30 25 4 41 575 235 116 6 274 33 25 394 180 11 8 1 10,224 147 260 27,728 205 37 6 27 3 540 51 720 3 952 18 12 2,574 59 31 19,967 1,700 18,000 385 4 258 6 11 97 1 6 1 1 38 2 195 40 86 253 23 3 13 «2 300,706 1,300 4,747 953 74 1,201 145 316 29,000 161 21,496 2,302 867 176,413 91.5 441 957 30 5,735 29 64 168 6 31 4 18 1,025 40 2,594 557 172 3,961 238 31 63 77 35 3,643 31,139 196 689 101,208 2,170 7,961 1,036 125 2, 245 95, 320 64 268,367 4,961 67 10 119,201 3,008 2,051 215 5 8 10 3 14 165 580 15 151 4 50 19 131 12,221 25 30, 335 1,485 1,444 381,628 347 598 1,17.5 1 127 14 2 316 28,288 924 191 11 756 231 16 40 80 1 2,496 6,487 20 326 1,364 5 I' " 117 9 21 276 3,235 769 955 18,322 416 128 250 3,647 14 25 18 30 747 9,508 1,275 2,566 62 472 347 512 11 20,951 645 1 250 7 6 411 61 6 3,158 6,105 48 24 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 6. — Statement of Vessels, British, Canadian and Foreign, entered Outwards Ports and Outports. WITH CARGOES. British. Quantity, of Freight. 3 a> m c o3 C Canadian. Quantity of Freight. b2 Eh 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 ]03 104 105 106 107 ]08 ]09 1 10 ill 112 1 13 1 14 lis ]16 Montague Bridge, P.E.I Montreal, Que Moose Factory, Man. . . . Murray Harbour, P.E.I. Nanaimo, B.C Newcastle, N.B Newport, B.C New Westminster, B.C. North East Harbour, N.S North Head, N.B North Sydney, N.S. . . . Ocean Falls, B.C Parrsboro, N.S Paspebiac, Que Perce, Que Pictou, N.S Port Alberni, B.C Port Clyde, N.S Port Hawkesburv, N.S. Port Hood, N.S Port La Tour, N.S Port Mulgrave, N.S Port Simpson. B.C Port Wade, N.S Port Williams, N.S Powell River, B.C Prince Rupert, B.C Pugwash, N.S Quebec, Que Richibucto, N.B Rimouski, Que River Hebert, N.S St. Andrews, N.B St. George, N.B St. John, N.B St. Martins, N.B St. Peters, N.S St. Stephen, N.B Sackville, N.B Salmon River, N.S Sandy Cove, N.S Sandy Point, N.S Shediac, N.B..... Sheet Harbour, N.S Shelburne, N.S Sherbrooke, N.S Shippegan, N.B Shusharti Bay, B.C Sidney, B.C Sorel, Que Souris, P.E.I Steveston, B.C Stickeen, B.C Summerside, P.E.I Sydney, N.S Three Rivers, Que Tignish, P.E.I Truro, N.S 2 506 90 1,805,977 91 2,276,751 549,430 36,391 361 6,967 1,541 665 7,971 9 27,761 2,263 1,142 2,577 7,805 5,000 2,500 1,240 1,241 26 16 55 135 1 4 22,282 99 38,578 351 26,993 60,486 398 225 1 20 5 3 4 119,745 1,625 15,025 8,583 123 10, 248 1,235 20 24,350 43 439 18,000 15,906 7,411 78 221 103 19 119 1,394 708 272 248 406 380 10, 145 259 92 92 1,197 97 21,522 16,830 213 134 2.616 2,094 1,449 24 41,446 52,583 21,574 2,335 6,657 624 2,567 490 299 1,904 MJ.912 350 270 7 13,378 107 2S3. 11(1 28,477 29,508 4,854 209 5,628 400 5,467 ' 67 6,186 10.703 1 206 1 1,808 •10,9*57 209 946,413 6,635 185,332 573 24 13,813 6 124 3 78 19 4.435 147 4,. 549 8,376 1.656 30 1,054 ' ' 48 71 966 1,913 2, 135 iss 192 576 357 490 490 1.789 467 17 1,371 456 186 1,180 150 400 142 150 21 52 427 430 1,242 37 413 401 873 1 429 14 276 441,786 32,934 349 882,330 15,886 20 7,572 571 17 163 5 5.534 76, 185 1.910 143,393 15,934 255, 10 SHIPPING REPORT 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a for Sea at each Port and Outport, during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. IN BALLAST. Foreign. British. Canadian. Foreign. Number of Vessels. C V .1 '3 PS a o Quantity of Freight. £ 4) Si a 3 co H O - 7. - V, C a; W £ "3 s Ph 00 a o ft 3 0) M *o . o) S £ S E '3 9 10 c o H £ 3 Jo c 3 u O 3^* u 9 09 '3 CD PS CO c O 3 s 3 if m a O += X. M io'J> o H 3 - es a CO 0> 4) §§ s Eh 49 109,602 199,535 400 1,633 1 3,149 42 3 3,050 61 33 31,828 576 4 64 ii3 6,935 24 556 497 45 47 22 3 12 292,436 16,961 13,856 5,308 475 221 360,085 4,231 300 264 238 36 27 2 250 54 184 17,146 1,376 34,600 13,964 2,877 12 349 15 1 3 134 150 2 1 3,103 3 99 20,967 43,928 2,452 9 264 2 25 1,192 2,364 103 10 14 5 2 10 100 10 37 2,479 289 141 173 60,463 9,273 9, 105 76 43 44 26 2,108 1,931 709 560 285 111,453 3,769 48 25 15,532 10,856 28,345 6 332 244 26,832 7 5 2 27 3 7,365 2,630 459 3,295 282 11,834 118 130 12 452 61 1 2 199 630 8 39 3,799 626 2,326 33 1 9 15 528 4 110 16 2,763 227 3 7 3 34 617 1,899 11 127 81 3 14 9 200 4,768 246 43 226 105 4 ^4,477 7,588 104 1 6 5 5 3 90 30 6 14 8 10 40,476 17,627 5,057 23,912 1 , .306 10,583 30,307 884 10,800 9,494 1,962 1,056 79 408 47 155 18 853 9,321 132,956 218 10,442 50 6,028 1,037 424 20,012 2,821 9,865 3,058 9 1,800 216 13 14,610 331 12,622 27 192,149 6,920 672 36 593 12 12,563 7,627 360,688 3,432 14, 128 14,383 88,175 1,742 150 12,492 49 125 1 41 2 1 13 11,993 9 10,910 27 11 1,870 755 1 326 6 3 115 415 74 37 20 38,207 2,240 14,833 1,580 3,149 291 417 220 483 112,691 9,521 7 19,003 287 33 1 691 241 1,344 410 76 6 70 3,657 192 2 21 8 1 31 2 2 70 1 1 18 5 1 12 6,998 760 196 2,000 1,499 92 11 3,614 7 1,319 16 7 278 28 22 1 83 11 7,066 3 1,656 864 4 59 26 345 528 418 125 475 851 468 17 555 129 31 7,604 615 93 1 19 1,295 60 561 399 8 63 7 30 1,637 436 73 71 16 365 74 64 1 113 20 44 3,882 267 120 3,904 12 5 411 75 1 18 6 36 12 1,436 289 335 53 •11 41 31 865 1,015 1,163 162 122 149 99 3 128,620 4,485 249,337 12,852 2,273 84 60 1 226,381 2,371 2,940 33 12 13,792 258 59 181,446 2,139 4 206 49 3 789 18 26 CI 8T0M8 DEPARTMEb I 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 6. — Statement of Vessels, British, Canadian and Foreign, entered Outwards Number. Ports and Outports. WITH CARGOES. British. Canadian. 33 1 CP o u CD £ 3 CO '5 CP Cm1 CO c O Quantity of Freight. li Si £ 3 CP u o m s en ~£ O hi CP £ 3 u CP CO "Si CP CO c O Eh Quantity of Freight. C CP £ 3 ►> CP s o -C .SP "cp c o H 3 ? 33 CO CP - — H ja Jbf 'S c o c-1 3 a 73 »- 03 CO CP o« E-i 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 Tusket, N.S Union Bay, B.C 40 413 48 156,065 713,268 149,009 53,302 122,482 2,841 3,059 37,389 5,808 8 243 296 8 22 60 97 194 6,330 311,780 483,998 173 2,864 1,369 94,947 152,697 5,927 78,073 10,707 109 71 23,095 146,883 27,935 204 11,831 17,348 17 118 77 674 11,873 Vancouver, B.C Victoria, B.C 136,571 296 31,616 Wevmouth, N.S 3 492 1,320 18 5,320 White Rock, B.C 3,655 Yarmouth, N.S 1 1 336 1,004 400 7 42 York Factory, Man Total 2,906 6,516,811 5,472,537 1,362,240 167,284 3,247 1,667,005 899,113 109,215 68,188 SHIPPING REPORT 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a for Sea at each Port and Outport during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. IN BALLAST. b CP XI a 3 Foreign. British. Canadian. Foreign. Number of Vessels. ti 3 'Sb 0> A co c 0 . Eh Quanl Frei ■SP DO 0> ity of ght. A • 3 C cs a to e K ti CD s 3 is CD S-. U u — ■1 1 3p* '3 s Ph 09 3 O Eh o -O c c 3 o «- — S * 3 K> M CQ '3) S w CO c 0 Eh u 9 3 R o "o • i. — - ~r fl 4i 3> u o u 3 O H Eh O 3 i a N o 1 9 165 346 11 2,553 36,087 232,472 4 86 1,553 8,779 3 43 313 541 274 3 242 310J78 744,601 66 389 6,337 26,614 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 71 365 228 67,028 302,522 262,519 74,848 212,788 1,591 667 11,688 12,224 63,569 261 45 114 95, 930 359,694 3,626 14.421 15 62 48 98 4,414 1,096 37,011 8,109 2,338 4,994 53,386 4,707 4,243 108 168 232 982 1 10 12 157 2 29 18 335 46 5,001 59 2,511 633 25 4,036 908 5,092 2,545,754 2,070,825 611,406 76,191 739 1,316,931 39,754 2,999 541,339 32,883 3,979 1,889,453 71,718 28 rl slU MS DKl'ARTMKST 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 8 No. 7. — Statement of Vessels, British, Canadian and Foreign, entered Outward ABSTRACT BY Countries to ;vhieh Departed. WITH CARGOES. British. Quantity of Freight. .SP i S Canadian. Quantity of Freight. if. to Cj 1 United Kingdom 2 Australia 3 British South Africa 4 British Guiana 5 British West Indies 6 British Oceania, other. . 7 Bermuda 8 Egypt 9 Fiji Islands 10 Gibraltar 11 Newfoundland 12 New Zealand 13 Argentina 14 Azores and Madeira 15 Brazil 16 Canary Islands 17 Chili 18 China 19 Cuba 20j Denmark 21 1 Danish West Indies 22 France 23 Greece 24 Holland 25 Italy 26 Japan 27 Mexico 28 Norway 29 Panama 30 Peru... ; 31 Philippines 32 1 Portugal. 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 761 65 19 26 15 4 1 1 2,903,956 268,748 53,395 73,984 4,090 15,360 7,029 2,749 2,048,596 86,870 79,493 114,250 5,540 6,202 704,287 103,738 33,800 3,425 3,183 5,106 63,984 6,946 846 2,445 109 459 234 33 107 21,120 32,704 2,232 294 6,475 479 9,357 672 4,518 11 687 3 2 4 242 3 Porto Rico Russia St. Pierre San Domingo Sea Fisheries Spain Sweden United States Sea Cable and Admiralty Total 4d 647 300 28,202 233,657 18,293 1,006 1,293 1,584 384 51,480 101,707 15 1,994 2,511 1,841 352 12,888 358 14 28 40 381 114,945 163,335 142 939 308 449 350 1,047 188,416 822 53,870 975 76,097 9,677 21 900 6,412 19 6,350 3,104 661,576 10,758 1,116,201 7,156 94,415 9,427 167 12 12,822 31,930 300 11,590 14,921 21,745 1,580 4,905 151 584 19,200 56,326 3,446 6,231 186 938 237 976 180 273 7,669 621 1,650 985 21 104 46 3,045 22,471 1,022 4 , 555 41,102 1,067 1,147 21,335 250 4,474 2,085 1,029 400 22,666 2,414 966,781 959,927 2,906 6,516,811 306,726 1,444,297 31,684 304,607 40, 107 16,014 2,228 3 1,447,107 6,789 594,711 10,467 74,468 56,146 75 5,472,537 1,362,240 167,284 3,247 1,667,005 899,113 109,215 68, 188 SHIPP1 S Q REPORT 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a for Sea, in the Dominion of Canada during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. COUNTRIES. IN BALLAST. Foreign. British. Canadian. Foreign. Number of Vessels. t- o 'e a£ c 0 H 50 G CS CO CD H 494 383,439 490,134 306, 104 6,423 36 4 224,325 19,323 7,783 663 82 3,886 244 25 7,300 235 9 7,555 968 9,811 96 4 3,708 56 ' 19 12,761 18,410 1,478 381 2 29 26 1,182 103,230 6,077 2,847 19 1,322 341 1 491 10 174,464 5,422 275 233,505 4,966 189 60,366 2,725 89 194,821 2,620 18 22,101 7,980 29,716 262 3 13 8 17 1 88 1,795 6,384 54,438 3,903 41,475 161 129,656 1,119 1,500 864 4,744 2,879 21 74 1,148 59 635 11 2,094 3,777 2,146 30 184,269 8,578 13 56,446 1,186 100 211,271 61,647 15 37,128 461 1 63 9 11 13,801 196 51 17 20 95,878 49,279 57,021 108,091 12,489 1, 185 607 1,186 3,832 34 125,816 3,613 C O 7, 573 120 22 53,735 7,430 604 1 124 14 1 1,188 2,186 4,109 36 1 6,522 108 4 1,951 3,300 1,292 38 37 19 104,991 4,104 158,815 5,150 32,742 1,610 426 2 26 11 1,302 6,265 5,530 10,094 50,293 116 559 245 14,085 7 493 36 2 202 23 562 2 3 3,616 9 30,731 2,037 7,700 1,358,224 4,758 13,997 3,446 7,873 32 73 49,211 424 146 16,275 2,419 1,395 49,832 12,389 795,004 149,026 200 24 526,728 68,239 13,169 1,557 1,320 5 418,972 445 17,311 62 2,459 2 1,414,418 470 48,737 60 5,092 2,545,754 2,070,825 611,406 76,191 739 1,316,931 39,754 2,999 541,339 32,883 3,979 1,889,453 71,718 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 30 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 7. — Statement of Vessels, British, Canadian and Foreign, entered Outwards RECAPITU Quantity of Freight. Number of Tons Crew Vessels. Register. Tons Number. Tons Measure- Weight. ment. With Cargoes — British 2,906 6,516,811 5,472,537 1,362,240 167,284 3,247 1,667,005 899,113 109,215 68,188 5,092 2,545,754 2,070,825 611,406 76,191 Total 11,245 10,729,570 8,442,475 2,082,861 311,663 8HIPP1 \ Q REP0R1 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a for Sea, in the Dominion of Canada, during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. LATIONT. — Number of Vessels. Register. Quantity of Freight. Number. Tons Weight. Tons Measure- ment. In Ballast — 739 2,999 3,979 1, .jib, 931 541,339 1,889,453 39,754 32,883 71,718 7,717 3,747,723 144,355 Grand Total 18,962 14,477,293 8,442,475 2,082,861 456,018 32 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT i ! 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 S*8S833388SSg ;8i888S33338BS*33S3388 8*3 — C>1 CO ClOCl r. r. : - ; i S«illsillSi3335831SiS 3£s§§ o> s m <» ^ « n 1 i Sill — CO O) *'a3 ;3 ei ci ci c-i o — e* -r ei co -i 10 co r x !gro 3 if £2 lilsl m mm • X — N X I x - * x ^iiitiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiilb sllll'l'l \ G REPORT 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a agag>oaoeeQ>4ieu9fH»teo«4eooc40(| fo « ci ~ < -t r. x i - 31 'O t — n — « fh ci »o t— Cl Cl ••— iC>©©OC©-tc to i3 ^ - o ci C4 CO- llOrPCOOOOCOt— 0SC0COO3 — ■fONCI IOO-hNMOCI- — © CM © r~ co © © ■O — I Cl — j^oncicit :cou: © to — io co — « — Cl I~ — cm t^- oo t— oo t — < to O O -f< — ' 'O o © co r~ — © cm i - ci t - o t> i - oo © — ci © o >o o m a » o ei rH Cl 1-T io" Cl CO t^cOtCCMNtO © i-i © «© t» oo w •ra © co -* c i to x «c © ■to x © -r f © ci ci ci ci rf< io © — © m © Cl i-i — © — co — t> © © OC i-h CO CO © © t— -f CO — ' 1- 1—1 CM I © © I I © — c re cc co /■ o. -HO— OlOOCCCJr-i.CiCM-HCC'- CO 00 Cl CO 00 CO © CO CO "X © l~ CO iO Tf Tfl — Cl © Cl — © — ©r-.©CliO©t^if co © © c 1 1 - i — f — -r © x © co i—i © -h oo ci co — co ci ciitjit «j"oo ©" — < ci ci — © ■** © © t~ oo © © cm co co oo ?-1 00 00 if oo © © 1^ if CO io — < t- © oi t ~ © 00 — *ll!Hll) i— I IO © IO CN rH — © -h Cl Cl — < © co © © r ~ © io oo "0 «o -it> © — I lo © © — io co ci 'O i - co t— © t~- © i— i-i •*»> ro ci . »o io — © co ci — i~ h cot OCOClOCONNTtLOCJCO 00 © © T © f © l~ Cl © — © © © IO CO ~f -i OC' © © OC © © -f © — CO © © Cl © C- Ol CO l~ © OC © Cl if 00 t— t © ci -r — ito r~ co oc co f oc — -- <~ x x x ,~ — . c- co io -i- 1- © © © -r cc © >r. oc r~ i~ oc t- j- — 0)iXNClif — h-NO — MtDrHNOON — OtOrHtNmrtl^XO'.OO: KNtSN — tD-"Ot > CO CO tM CM iO t— ■>f" i>T i-T us tC i-! i— i ci -r — co oo" if" © Tf co ©" ci •— i -h oo t- — — i- co < © co co © co 10 oc r- ci 10 co © oo — < © oo © © © i-h © © ci io -f ci 10 — if — x — co t— r- oc «o io if co © © co — oo co © 10 co 1 IO OO — * — © — © — © OC "0 -f © iO CO — i— i CO © Cl IO CO — i Cl i— i Ci CO i—i © Cl •— ■ -HIM -h CM — — if iO CO u> t— i-H CM© CM 00 © CM 00 -f -f to © CO IO — < iO © © CO — ' © © 1 Cl CO CO © © IO © -h © Cl Cl Cl • —I © © CO OC 0 1 Cl © © OC OC OC © CO © © Cl © © © © io © ci - rj< iO © 00 © iO iO — 1 — I © — • CO — Cl © Cl © ■ oo ^f> ci t-- co co co c i •— © x ' • X Cl © — < uO © ■o © io oo © ci x © io i- i~ © © — © © co © — oi x — © x © x -r -r — > co © co -r x — 01 cc © 01 — © — s x — UO CO © © — © © © © © — -f x o i o i x © '0 © io co ci -r — -t © x X t- x ci co co ci x : © X X © OC © t^- t ! Tf — to io — C c l — © CO Cl Cl © • I - O ' — ^ © >o ■ — ' 1^ O ' — ' co oc tji oo" co" io i— i Cl -H co ci co iO — i I P >>Y, OOOK - » pq x i fx tf pq PQOO 2 t:»-- «5 pq ECO?!? — if o - C3Z. S x - v ■ r. ■ a.0 - _a 2 cl it = xi 0 '^i c2 c3 cj Ii!l4-JM. £f o3 £f c 33 c - o_r sK - S "S s o 005^ *' -s = .- ^. = ^..3:. i-.= Ci c c ^ 7-2- - 3"-f ' ^ = E 5 JJ^tSuJi'S'Pifrrrr * CD - t." > c = 5 -5 ' w — N — ii£~o='53c3:S"0'::-;::-:3cio--:':'- = = q t. x t. oi eS C 0 O ________ 11a— 3 34 ( I sTO MS DEI'ARTMEXT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 C ~. 1^ / N / tCCJ OC- ' c -t - x - - n i; i> ^ - n i1 s ^ / c e c c t io r. - t - C n C c. ^ t ?i - t -t - ci ci :i — ~ — i-c-ci :c cico- - ucc ■s_ c i ci — co >-o ce c". -r oo cm cm < c-i — — o t m i- n -< oo os co co o »c co — - co s^-cco 09 — CI 1—1 CO — CI l-H i co — < >o oc oo *-< co > ;^rcxi cic ci t -ho - x rc ci :c /. ^ y. it t -i a com n^>«i)< oom-cici co N ci to cc os cc ir: ci c oo Nifloionm ci" o us oc i— o 00MCCN00O o oo ci — i —I 00 O t— — CI N CD CM — N0C5O C OiiOiO NOON 00 — < CO CO r:-tcctc.ciN- C-IOCCCOOCCC OS i-H — co cc <-» i-i ci >-o — t ~ so OOiOiO Ci Ci »c co ■*N«lO I C./j-tCSNHO QOOCKOHHHO •h IN Ci to OS CO CD <-i »C 00 i-H N-CIOClClrth. CO CO CM X CI O CI CO OC CI N CI CO CO - !£ ■* O h M co f — — if x ^ — m ti< oo it< ci — i co oo n -*h CO OC Ci CN CM 00 CO NNO5NOOO0 00 — O W »C Oi iw i/i OJN^iiOhO TjH tO i-l i-H rH -H -J< d 00 O O 00 i-l i-i CM >0 — < 00 «s a> -fa 1= o i. i. b .S M f o 0 O O u 3 pq »^ £ cJZ f M . -a o 5 PQ eitom cc »o — -t :* it — ci if io OiJ-iOtCiO-H -"*tCOi«-H 00 i-l Ci CM CM . ' O it Ol —i EC C OC OS Ci iC in N «5 ih r(i O f « •* C. CI CI — CO OC CI Ci CM >C OC OC1 ICCO t- HifN.OSffiNNMOlillOON'* CIO to i-"-Hcc"cicir~-"'-i'Tt«inoo ~< oo co r~ t— — i^-i*-— < co as co co ■«* co CO OC' Ci CO rH lO i—l Ci CI !OCO — if NK5 OS OC t— CO CO O i-H OC CO CO CO CO iH^NCSNW iC N O O ic CO CO CI CO — oc 00 00. CO lO CM - ci -h io Tt m ■ r. co .CPh 3 >» >».2 ^ : c e « © i o3 C5-C.C ! CO CO CO CO' ■*B5 0I15II5' -.c ck:iocol,,-w, ONt OOOCCOOS --ecioooffiOMH •rt< CM CD i—i O CM D ! :« 7 Z * • "^"■^ S "J3 CQ c o ci^" fa £ M S -* 3 fa CU 5 >! "3 cu.S- 3.5 .ce jz .els CO CO 00 DO CO -3.-02 u-.2 s s e 9 fa >o S O O *j «-> 3 CO CO CO CO CO 3 co Bea cp cu 52 o " — * — H § 2 : s" Sfeg -'^^ CO 2 : g S§ i. ssl 10.042 ;r 1 gig SD o • 111 CO-" •I _ 1 ^al^ is 11a— 3^ 36 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 • — S :o r~ «J~ rc c: ~i* ~- O — — ,r- - i-C ci OJ — ^COOs-rOCS-^CM co co "i" ■* t— as CO • ~ ~ ioncc: — r. - x ~ c i c c co w x i: / 7 '/ c-i — -r — -t-MlOOO'-CNMOON X I" — CI c. Ol 00 00 *C CM s ci — — — r. — - i r. — w — ci N — co — "S >-o co t i v: -r ■f a - i §: ; 3 s J - H siill'i'i \ i; REPORT 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a oo a ( ' re w Num- ber. 437,231 198,584 292, 143 ss o> CM Ol X < ■£ S5 <— • «T >J . a or. 05 Q r* > ? i So Tons Measure- ment. 1,675,998 147,259 728,903 2,552,160 Quant Frei Tons Weight. 6,848,210 1,324,229 3,834,754 co CO r^T o o O a < 5 GO ■J <: H Tons Register. 16,144,873 4,343,448 8,778,753 co CO Tons Weight. 5,472,537 899,113 2,070,825 8,442,475 Sea-Going Tons Register. 7,833,742 2,208,344 4,435,207 14,477,293 Num- ber of Ves- sels. -3" t- cocooa 18,962 Crew Num- ber. 230, 193 97,513 144,234 471,940 Inwards. Quantity of Freight. Tons Measure- ment. 313,758 38,044 117,497 469,299 Sea-Going Vessels, Tons Weight. 1,375,673 425, 116 1,763,929 3,564,718 Tons Register. 8,311,131 2, 135, 104 4,343,546 14,789,781 Num- ber of Ves- sels. 3,742 5, 995 9,429 CO CD co" ties Nationali British . Canadian. Foreign Total . o CO 03 s < Eh « s a p m o 5? □ E □ as - * c « g fc £ 2; < h 2 5 t- g Qr/j M 2; a a < a I ' fj -'- £ a e- a -i Cj Q 0 g U 3 oo £ 5 S *0 . u oo ■■ ■■ / CIOC C I - I - I - co oo \n -r cc oc CO CJ CO I - »C — OCN'V ci* (~ K I - 1 0 CO CO OC Si a c- - E c = S 9 X 00 ^= ■ 3> J.2 c ■a ■gj • 03 q, •- s s - - : pq 38 CI s TO 1/n DKI'A ItTMEXT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 TRADE WITH EACH COUNTRY No. — 12. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam and Sailing Vessels Canada from Foreign Countries, distinguishing the Nationality of the March 31, Ports and Outports and Countries whence arrived. Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. 1 p— « 03 CO to ;> Tons Register. Albert, N . B . — United States Sail. . . . 4 531 Alberton, P.E.I.— Sea Fisheries Sail — = —— 2 3 32 Alert Bay, B.C.— United States Steam. 355 34 2 5,456 150 Sea Fisheries " Total 3 355 36 5, 606 Amherst, N.S. — 1 84 United States " ... 2 418 Total 2 418 1 84 Annapolis Royal, N.S. — United States Sail. . . a 53 846 2 18 Anyox, B.C. — United States Steam. 22, 591 114 88 , 456 Arichat, N.S — Oreat Britain Sail — j 199 British W. Indies " ... 1 1 4 71 80 792 369 1,616 United States Steam. United States Sail — 5 9 541 483 Total 77 2,857 15 1,223 Baddeck, N.S.— Great Britain Steam. 1 653 Newfoundland " 1 26 2 12 46 1,698 135 225 Newfoundland Sail — United States " ... 8 3 2,409 283 Sea Fisheries " Total 41 2,104 12 3,345 Barrington Passage, N.S. — United States Steam. 40 497 2 Q 3 196 30 30 Sea Fisheries Steam. 18 11 347 639 Sea Fisheries Sail. . . Total r...f... 8 256 69 1,483 Barton, N.S. — United States Sail.... 19 2,036 1 92 Bathurst, N.B.— Great Britain Steam. 2 5,128 4 1 3,970 1,556 Great Britain Sail — Newfoundland Steam . Newfoundland Sail. . . . 1 260 Cuba " 1 147 BHIPP1 S 0 REPORT 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a AND NATIONALITY OF VESSELS. entered Inwards from Sea at each of the undermentioned Ports and Outports in Vessels employed in the trade with each Country, during the Fiscal Year ended 1917. of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. 73 "3 73 XI V !> Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Names. •A "3 73 73 4) !> Tons Register. _73 "3 on 01 9) > Tons Register. 4 531 2 32 37 2 5,811 150 39 5,961 2 494 3 2 578 418 o A 494 5 996 7 864 167 111,047 1 1 1 9 80 199 80 792- 910 2,099 92 4 080 1 1 26 10 15 653 46 1,698 2,544 508 53 5,449 40 2 21 14 497 196 377 669 77 1,739 20 2,128 6 1 1 1 1 9,098 1.556 1,223 260 147 1 1,223 40 customs Department 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 12. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries whence arrived. Bathurst, N.B — Con. France France Norway Spain United States British S. Africa British S. Africa Greenland and Iceland Denmark Sea Fisheries Total Steam, Sail... Steam Sail.... Steam, Sail... Bear River, X . S. — United States Sail.... Belliveau's Cove, N .S.— United States Sail. .. Bridgetown, N S. United States Sail. .. Bridgewater, N.S. — G reat Britain Sail France " . Italy " United States Steam United States Sail — Total Buctouche, N.B. — Great Britain Sail Newfoundland " ... Denmark Steam Total Campbellton N.B — Great Britain Steam. Great Briatin Sail Spain Steam, Total Campo Bello, N.B. United States United States. . . . Steam Sail. . Total . Canning. N.S. — United States Sail.... Can so, N . S. — Newfoundland Sail. . . . United States Steam United States Sail.... Panama Steam Sea Fisheries " Sea Fisheries Sail... Total Nationality British. 15 117 117 10 13 1 56 48 128 5,059 187 10,521 1 . Wis 421 352 2,105 2, 105 9,458 1,774 11,232 19,183 19,183 431 910 1,658 124 9,557 4,299 16,548 United States. 53 546 2 548 09 107 240 o .2 260 261 741 538 1,572 17,366 20,217 12,353 134 12,487 280 121 2,778 1,989 6,984 12, 152 Norwegian. Ill 10 145 699 225 6,595 1,080 9,9i: 9,917 Austrian. Belgian. E- m sllll'l'l \ G REPORT 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards from Sea, c i t-1 o pi J£ 0) to to 9 > J2 to GO A) > c M 0) Cm $ to CO > fa C 6 t-1 o TVT Names. 0) 0) 03 s > Lj to 5 I'S si r. ~W 01 5 > c2"se 2 | 3 1 15 5,059 145 178 699 285 1 , 223 225 531 154 187 1 « "TO 178 1 1 285 1 , -Jo 3 i i 531 154 8 3, 594 37 20,970 la 3 421 3 352 1 1 1 9 52 741 1,080 538 1 £70 19,471 64 23,402 1 1 2 4 6 001 2ol 79 20G 1 1 2 OG 1 79 566 4 566 4,641 Swr' C 03 r° hO f1 O Pi 58 > e m O »r* a "3 CO ■/. 5 c m O "? C-1 0> X CO CO > Names. CO > C -a K 73 "® 00 00 5 > c 09 2 C 7) £'» Pi 1 157 88 2,249 158 2,337 .1 2 7 12 3 3 2 21 15 1 1,454 502 1,468 4,092 201 237 327 22,944 4,709 14 1 181 1 321 1 107 1 220 1 181 1 107 2 541 67 35,948 == ===== = ===== 2 14 1 1 7 1 2 1,292 2,901 78 1,217 1,199 212 368 - 15 22 1 2 7 1 4 2 47 25,115 8,584 78 2,504 1,199 212 783 3,494 8,804 4 3,277 Swedish .... 2 1,310 2 415 45 8,404 2 400 73 15,671 8 4,092 2 1,310 101 50,773 51 6 1,881 2,000 = ===== = ===== 57 3,881 2 2 1 ' 29 20 198 11 342 34 571 2 3,188 11 2 2 23,393 3,062 2,717 1 1,338 3 4, 526 15 29, 172 1 5 396 584 6 980 41 3 28 575 205 463 72 1,243 44 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 12. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries whence arrived. Clementsport, N.S. — United States Sail. .. Dalhousie, N.B. Great Britain Steam Great Britain Sail — France. . . ' Steam France Sail — Portugal " ... Denmark. , " Total. Digby, N.S.— United States Steam United States Sail... Total Dorchester, N.B. — United States Sail. .. Fredericton, N.B. — United States Sail. . Freeport, N.S. — United States Sail — Gaspe, Que. — Great Britain Steam Great Britain Sail British W. Indies " Spain Steam Spain Sail — United States " Total . Georgetown, P.E.I. — Newfoundland Sail... United States " Total Glace Bay, N.S. — Great Britain Steam Great Britain Sail... United States " Total Halifax, N.S. — Great Britain Steam Great Britain Sail... . British VV. Indies Steam. British W. Indies Sail.... Newfoundland Steam. Newfoundland Sail.. . . France Steam. France Sail San Domingo Steam. Holland " Italy " . Norway " Nationality British. i United States. Norwegian. , Austrian. Belgian. in 140 L49 239 3 29 34 63 65 9 1 . 337 20 3,700 3,720 208 952 186 290 459 755 239 197 436 861 6,834 7,695 863,196 889 79,753 5,481 71,314 5,287 24,173 2,185 3,007 IS 12 1 , 095 1,183 2,574 286 286 62 62 6,960 358 1 , 553 318 74 5,404 1,896 5,514 3,874 1,528 4,285 1,043 10,730 5,945 2,547 8,492 13,809 11,821 9,504 577 969 2,177 3,350 2,711 r-1 4i 1,219 1,219 1,219 3,663 8HIPP1 \ Q REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards from Sea, itc. — Continued. 45 of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels. c « tr1 i> P3 n "3 CO > ■ m S fl « or t-1 0) Pi •Ji co a > • 0 •§ tr1 id CO 8 CO o > • O T1, H §? CO 1 CO > ■ C CO o "3 r~ M t-1 CD Names. CO 1 CO o > CO « C £ O »H DO CU 1 CD > f Hi 10 1,337 = 3 2,377 554 3 10 1 10 1 12 3,596 10,707 1,528 7,085 191 3,108 4 ' 6,279 A H 728 1 37C 2 1 1 , 702 191 1 1 2,065 20 5,724 1 370 7 8,172 37 26,215 - === 12 16 1,115 3,788 28 4,903 2 268 15 3,526 2 186 1 1 , 999 6 1 2 1 - 8 6 7,944 2,547 296 760 1,867 745 1 4 760 810 4 1,057 5 1,570 1 1,999 4 1,057 24 14,159 == == 5 1 239 197 6 436 ==== ==== ===== 9 140 4 861 6,834 62 153 7,757 ! Swedish. . . \ Uruguayan Swedish 1 1 3 2,710 1,748 1,101 j 253 19 46 35 68 67 13 6 6 1 3 1 889,642 15,152 90,971 6,058 76,696 5,443 32,870 4,222 5,758 2,266 9,698 3,007 1 1 218 161 1 765 1 2 432 82 1 1,116 2 390 2 482 Cuban 1 1 1,151 2,266 Dutch. 1 1,999 46 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 12.— Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries whence arrived. Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. CO CD ti g-g tr1 o PS to "3 CO to £ £ a J r°'3 t-1 o Pi 7! "3 CD co fa c2 "5 PS CO "3 CO CO o > £ C CO t2 "3 CO "3 CO CO si Pi 4 1 3,771 2,547 i 1,820 3 2 3 1 206 65 2 6 252 198 7,543 170 717,273 10,231 8,075 18,950 4 68 4 2,548 152,695 5,522 39 69 43,648 25,955 9 19,762 1 1,799 1 1,707 5 5 2 5 118 10,109 11,007 497 687 7,511 1 6 3,032 1,410 2 2,515 1 41 167 2,342 MiS 1,849,608 171 11 5 100,430 124 216,223 11 24,644 — — 3,339 1,397 3 1,049 3 5 5 1,049 16 4,736 4,612 8 100 3 11 1 3,352 8 1,118 2 1 180 10 261 294 99 3 190 15 5 654 2 2 3 1 255 1,064 257 2,231 96 1 145 4 3 2,327 1 145 136 Halifax, N.S.— Con. Norway Sail... . Denmark Steam. Denmark Sail... . Portugal Steam , Portugal Sail... . Russia Steam. Saint Pierre Saint Pierre Sail — bpain. Spain. Steam, Sail.... United States Steam United States Sail Chili Steam Gibraltar " Gibraltar Sail Mexico Steam, Sea " Sea Sail.... Sea Fisheries Steam Sea Fisheries Sail Total Hantsport, N.S. — United States Steam United States Sail... . Total Hillsboro, N.B.— United States Sail.. Indian Island, N.B. — United States Steam Isaacs Harbour, N.S. — United States Sail.... Sea Fisheries ► team Sea Fisheries Sail Total. Joggins Mines, N.S. — United States Sail Kentville, N.S — United States Sail Kingsport, N.S. — United States Steam. United States Sail... . Total Ladner, B.C. — United States Steam . SEIPPI* Q REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards from Sea, etc. — Continued. 4 7 of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian, i Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. J Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Names. w "3 t» o > 'Inns Register. CO "$ fi 01 CD > Tons Register. 4 1 3 1 1 1 16 4 } 6 5 } 383 140 2 8 1 6 16 2 6 159 3,771 2,547 958 1,820 195 4,119 3,060 691 1 1 ROQ 2,718 1,089,429 45,288 8,075 22,456 288 13,141 18,280 497 854 9,853 2 330 1 628 1 195 1 4,119 13 2 2,808 493 i 794 [Spanish \ Swedish. . . 1 1 2,289 1,067 19 40,024 1 2,726 5 13, 137 /Swedish. . . 1 Dutch Dutch 9 27 2 22,757 77,407 3,580 1 288 3 3,348 L 28 42,194 21 8,197 2 4,725 11 19,419 47 116,076 1,283 2,381,516 11 8 3,339 2,446 19 5,785 13 7,964 105 1,126 == = = = = — ■ 5 12 1 441 304 99 18 844 7 1,319 2 257 3 2 2,231 241 5 2,472 3 136 48 CI ST0M8 DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 12. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports — and Countries whence arrived. Ladysmith, B.C. — United States Steam United States Sail... Total La Have, N.S.— British W. Indies Sail... Newfoundland " Portugal " Spain " United States " Sea Fisheries Steam Sea Fisheries Sail.. Total. Levis, Que. — Great Britain Steam Liverpool, N.S. — Great Britain Steam Great Britain Sail... . Newfoundland Steam Newfoundland Sail — United States Steam United States Sail... . Sea Fisheries Steam ScM Fi-h Sail.. Total Lockeport. N.S. — Newfoundland Sail... United States " Sea Fisheries " Total Lord's Cove, N.B. — United States Steam Louisburg, N.S. — Great Britain Steam, British W. Indies " Newfoundland " Newfoundland Sail... . Brazil Steam Cuba " France " Sea Cable & Admiralty " Holland " Italy " Portugal Saint Pierre Sail... . Spain Steam United States " United States Sail — Gibraltar Steam. French Africa " Sea Fisheries Sail — Total Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian, i Belgian KM 100 13 47 334 104 10 3 4 4 272 8,507 7,069 15,576 1,467 466 99 99 3,475 30 4,655 10,291 3,046 374 59 1,623 2,056 91 394 1 , 588 2,073 26,912 2,265 00,016 2,51 3,043 3,490 3,310 2,274 607 177,924 4,848 8,213 II, 103 304 306,821 159 is 182 41 1 22 L56 17!) o 36,196 23,009 59,205 360 924 161 1 , 445 578 91 1 , 539 5,890 2,662 3,164 13,924 255 1,987 2,242 1,753 813 300 705 9,184 1,172 6,380 18,554 51 o.2 2,200 2,200 11,330 2,753 2,160 38,215 5, 192 109,650 1,848 1,848 8HIPP1 \ < : REPORT 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards from Sea, etc. — Continued. of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels. i i-I 73 8 3 > c 73 50 01 DO > C 75 or. 03 O GO 00 5 C X 73 50 > . GO 2 P 73 O "ft ^_ tl K Names. 73 o 73 > • 00 J s-a 73 Ol GO CO > u 73 H §•2 OS 146 114 44, 703 30, 078 260 74,781 ===== ===== ===== 12 5 1 1 22 16 61 1,467 466 99 99 3,835 954 4,816 118 11,736 — 1 3,046 ===== = 1 3 1 1 40 54 56 40 2,200 952 59 91 1,539 7,513 2,662 3,164 196 18,180 = ===== 1 15 72 91 649 3,575 88 4,315 = == = === == ===== ====== == - 456 6,633 4 4,916 . — 23 1 91 35 1 1 3 6 1 1 1 8 3 175 23 5 8 160 43, 158 2,265 60,829 2,812 2,397 3, 043 6, 243 4.015 _ 1,671 1,175 2,274 607 4,319 299, 768 6,020 10,579 16,295 6,684 1 2,397 Dutch 1 1,671 1 1,175 1 13 2,195 17,712 ( Spanish Dutch 1 2 1,982 2,903 2 2,366 22 30, 725 4 6,556 546 474, 1.54 11a— 4 50 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 12. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries whence arrived. Nationality British. United States. Norwegian, i Austrian. Belgian. Vessels. Tons Register. X So X s > Tons Register. X 9 *> b = E to i 9 x £ * w oo X X X o Tons Register. 1 4 25 67 221 1,334 22 17 1,062 1,097 30 1,622 39 2 159 38 6 13 3 26 27 206 4, 330 618 1 , 268 297 3,442 444 17,489 1 155 2 26 3 443 1,793 309 319 n*7 odd 1 1 , 85S _ /00 21 1,608 1 75 6 453 5 331 37 2,061 6 406 2 2 3 12 188 184 277 1,101 19 1,750 o 198 5 659 5 1 11,902 199 • 1 2 200 2 377 o 958 8 12,478 0 958 1 2,200 1 1 35 99 ?, 134 . 360 3 1 1 5 13 5 90 1 2 1,364,102 5,655 1,541 147 17,751 37,349 23,501 281,135 2,475 4,612 1 2,246 2 3,156 1 4,729 1 1,411 3 6,405 Lower East Pubnifo, N.S.- United States Steam United States Sail. Sea Fisheries " . Total Lunenburg, N.S. — British W. Indies Sail Newfoundland " Portugal " Spain " United States " Sea Fisheries Steam Sea Fisheries Sail Total Magdalen Islands, Que.- Newfoundland . ...... Portugal United States Sail. Total. Mahone Bay, N.S. — British W. Indies Sail. Newfoundland " United States " Sea Fisheries " Total Maitland, N.S — United States Sail.. Meteghan River, N.S. — United States Sail.. Moncton, N.B. — British W. Indies Sail Norway Steam L'nited States Sail . Total Montague Bridge, P.E.I. — Newfoundland Sail . United States " . Total.. „ - Montreal, Que.- British W. Indies " Newfoundland " Newfoundland Sail . Gibraltar Egypt France Malta British S. Africa. BHTPPiyQ REPORT 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards from Sea, etc. — Continued. of Vessels. Danish. | French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. $ to 03 V > £ _ « C so •0 CO CD >. y CO ° a to h'I CO "a CO CD > £ CO 8 C .CO • CO CO CD ►> £ CO CD c ~ 0 .» CO "o CO CO CD > £ CO * g.2 Oh Name. CO "o CO CO CD > £ CO °^ = 7 h'S as CO "a5 9 DO 03 > £ C 03 n't as 1 26 42 67 1,283 2,431 • 69 3,781 38 7 13 3 28 53 209 4,330 773 1,268 297 3,885 2,237 17', 798 • 351 30, 588 22 3 11 1,683 519 784 3 519 3 519 36 2,986 2 2 3 12 188 184 277 1,101 19 1,750 2 198 5 659 5 1 1 7 11,902 199 2,200 1,335 14 15,636 ■ — - : r— : — — — 1 1 35 99 2 134 1 1,145 1 4,537 366 3 1 1 5 14 5 93 1 2 1,379,915 5,655 1,541 147 17,751 38,760 23,501 287,540 2,475 4,612 11 a— \\ 52 CIsTO US DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 12. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries whence arrived. Montreal, Que. — Con. Italy Steam. Portugal " French Africa " Spain " United States " Mexico " Total. Moose Factory, Man. — Great Britain Steam Murray Harbour, P.E.I. — Sea Fisheries Sail . . . Nanaimo, B.C. — United States Steam United States Sail. . . Japan " Mexico " Sea Fisheries Steam Total New Campbellton, N.S. — Newfoundland Sail . . . United States Steam. Total Newcastle, N.B. — Great Britain Steam, Great Britain Sail . . . France " Italy Steam Portugal " United States " Greenland and Iceland. Sail . . . Total. Newport, B.C.— United States Steam New Westminster, B.C. — United States Steam United States Sail. . . Total. North East Harbour, N.S — United States Sail . Sea Fisheries " Total North Head, N.B.— United States Steam United States Sail. . . Total. Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. CO "3 CD to CP > Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. ID 4 o 36 1 6 43, 770 10,079 9, 189 1,940 16,378 i 1 241 3,049 \ 9 418 510 1,819,624 3 5,536 7 13 390 4 729 1 ■ 4 107 29 l l 1 1 Q . _ = 17,085 4,741 3, 149 3,674 332 289 89,443 19 50,879 3 45 138 28,649 624 192,122 19 50,879 2 88 1 1,472 2 l 88 2,263 1 1,472 2 1 2,062 1, 136 1 969 i 745 2, 473 1 1 177 l 2, 263 4 5, 280 3 89 ll 27,184 62 15,878 3,471 22 4 4,183 1,289 1 ll 3,471 26 5,472 2 2 141 109 3 82 3 82 4 250 189 23,773 26 2 370 120 189 23,773 28 490 SHIPPING REPORT 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards from Sea, etc. — Continued. of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. CO ~9 CO > Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. CO 1 to cu > Tons Register. Names. CO ~& 50 > Tons Register. ■ i CD O > Tons Register. 2,294 11 46,995 28 4 2 1 8 1 93,059 10,079 1,940 19,037 3,049 2 3,439 1 4,537 11 46,995 535 1,898,250 1 1,541 I — i 4 467 318 2 1 3 113 179,255 107,375 5,400 3,674 45 _____ — — ' — = = — , — . — 9 - = 21,848 Japanese Japanese. . . . 1 2,251 10 24,099 791 295,749 2 1 88 1,472 3 1,560 — ■ ■ — — — ■ — — ■ ■ — ■ = __________ 4 5 2 1 1 2 13 5,461 1,161 315 969 745 3,950 2,295 2 2 406 315 2 520 Brazilian 1 235 13 2,295 17 3.016 2 520 1 235 28 14,896 151 43,062 , _____ 33 4 7,654 1,289 37 8,943 i — 2 5 141 191 7 332 215 2 24,143 120 217 24,263 54 CVs TO 1/ 8 hi: I' A BTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 12. — 'Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries whence arrived. Nationality British. United States, i Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. Vessels. C 03 2 C tr fcH J) 03 05 as u 03 £ GO oo 0) > M 03 5 t-1 CD M 03 % 43 >> U 03 £ 03 1 0) b 03 £ 3 .a -~ ti. c-1 as a! 2 2 1 397 463 2,605 415 198 206,209 29,696 6 6 • o ■ rt 8,682 5,616 1 599 1 1 235 95 13 26,387 I 1 1 1 547 1,411 646 1,379 2 4,579 17 1,260 2 1 580 9 779 o L loo 34 2,288 27 2,788 927 248,029 32 3,905 31 47,248 4 3 3,345 787 6 2 Q o 5,185 4/ £ 7 A 1 90 4 , loZ O, 00/ 2 6 1 1 6, 002 1,959 475 271 1 1 2,340 1 , 615 1 ' ' ' ouO 33 23 57 7,828 4,527 2 2, 4/0 23 9,964 33 2 18,671 5,314 12,715 4 6,425 4 4 4, 354 O 79 1 Z, 161 1 1 548 2 661 1 3, 038 1 282 1 187 4 8,539 1 282 11 8,294 2 124 1 58 ? 124 1 58 2 2,358 1 2,753 1 1,11. 1 2.753 1 1.898 North Sydney, N.S.— Great Britain Steam. Great Britain Sail. . . British W. Indies " Newfoundland Steam. Newfoundland Sail . . . France Steam. Italy Norway " Portugal Steam Portugal Sail . . . Saint Pierre Steam. Saint Pierre Sail . . . United States Steam United States Sail. . . Greenland and Iceland " Sea Fisheries " ... Total Ocean Falls, B.C. — United States Steam United States Sail . . . Total Parrsboro, N.S. — Great Britain Steam Great Britain Sail . . . Cuba " ... France " United States Steam United States Sail... ' Total Paspebiac, Que. — Great Britain Steam Great Britain Sail. . . France " Norway " Portugal " Spain " United States Steam United States Sail. . . . Denmark " Gibraltar " Greenland and Iceland " Total Perce, Que.— Newfoundland Sail. . United States " Total Pictou, N.S.— Great Britain Sail France Steam Italy United States 8HIPPIN0 REPOR1 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards from Sea, etc. — Continued. 55 of Vessels. Danish. 000 176 297 440 81 French. , German. tr1. a) K 134 5,400 5.x Italian. n Russian. c2'S PS Other Nationalities. Total. Names. 13 12,187 9 6,630 1 198 412 233,007 464 29,791 2 1,844 3 5,990 2 1,635 1 1,379 1 134 25 5,400 17 1,260 2 1,580 11 967 2 440 63 5,215 1,028 307,657 2,883 27 5,592 307 15 367 95 921 157 16S 24s 1,202 327 2,023 Brazilian... 231 597 710 1,307 231 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 12. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries whence arrived. * Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. | Austrian. Belgian. Vessels. Tons Register. V CO CO CD > Tons Register. "3 CO > co S o CO CO > Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Pictou, N.S.— Con. United States Sail... 3 280 Greenland and Iceland Total 5 5,786 3 4, 256 1 1,115 Port Alberni, B.C. — United States Steam. == : 1 2 280 798 6 2,610 United States Sail.... Total *. Q O 1 f\7Q 6 9 fii n _, D1U Port Clyde, N.S-.— United States Sail.... 1 1 99 15 1 253 2 114 j 253 Port Elgin, N.B.— Port Hawkesbury, N.S. — 1 199 _____ British W. Indies " 10 5 1 18 5 1 11 1,442 388 19,404 562 124 1,016 Newfoundland " United States Steam. 2 24 409 1,828 United States Sail.... Sea Fisheries Steam. Sea Fisheries Sail... 20 1,914 Total 51 23,007 47 4,350 Port Hood, N.S — 3 282 Port La lour, N.S. — ' 3 34 O O 200 Total 3 34 3 200 Port Mulgrave, N.S. — Great Britain Steam. 1 2,094 United States " 10 1 2 3 2,672 54 1,671 289 United States Sail.... 2 181 Sea Fisheries Sail. . . 6 577 Total 9 2,852 4,686 Port Simpson, B.C. — United States Steam. 4 6 499 9 246 Port Wade, N.S. — United States Sail 588 Port Williams, N.S.— 3 592 1 173 Powell River, B.C.— Australia Steam 15 41,578 Japan " United States " 5 356 100 47,308 Total 20 41,934 100 47,308 8HIPPIX Q REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards from Sea, etc. — Continued. 57 of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. | Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessles. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. 73 to o <>f Tons Register. Names. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. 3 1 280 417 Swedish . . . . 1 417 1 417 10 11,574 7 2 2,890 798 £ 3,688 lb 1 352 15 3 367 1 399 ===== 1 399 1 10 5 1 20 29 1 31 199 1,442 388 71 19,813 2,390 124 2,930 98 27,357 3 282 ===== ===== = 3 3 34 200 6 234 1 2 094 2,' 672 235 1,671 866 10 3 2 9 25 7,538 13 745 6 588 4 765 15 1 105 41,578 2,370 47,664 fapanese 1 2,370 1 2,370 121 91,612 58 CUSTOMS DEPARTMEX T 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 12. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries whence arrived. Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. <3 02 > tr1 a) 02 "3 02 02 > • - ■ Pi 92 ~o 05 > u 3-2 63 SO PS »5 m £ 2| O T, lI « " o M o5 OJ > 02^ 63 K Prince Rupert . B.C. — United States Steam. 189 242,585 136 132,099 Sea Fisheries Steam. 4.38 11,356 747 129,996 Total 627 253,941 883 262,095 Pugwash, N.S.— 1 1 1 1 1 . 347 1,528 1,136 511 Holland Steam. Norway Sail... . Total 4 4,522 Quebec, Que. — Great Britain Steam. 111 25 13 1 559,665 5,221 886 2,127 6 8,217 Newfoundland " Newfoundland Sail.. . . France Steam. Italy " Saint Pierre " 2 2,562 Total 152 570,461 6 8,217 Richibucto. N.B.— ! ' Portugal " Denmark " ... Total Rimouski, Que. — Great Britain Steam. 37 203, 189 1 5 1,117 5,517 - Total 37 203, 189 6 6,634 River Hebert, N.S. — United States Sail... . 1 77 — St. Andrews, N.B.— United States Steam. 282 4 17,711 259 1,086 13 48,269 1 , 603 United States Sail Total 286 17,970 1,099 49,872 . . T St. George, N.B.— United States Steam. 61 43 = 2,201 4,824 United States Sail 10 120 Total 10 120 104 7,025 oXi. Jonn, iN.rS. — Great Britain Steam. 191 2 27 11 1 800,097 2,888 74,563 2,402 71 3 4 2,627 4,267 Great Britain Sail British W. Indies Sail 1 432 Newfoundland Sail . . . San Domingo Steam. 2 1,896 7 5,608 Cuba Sail — 1 2 1 393 7,055 132 France Steam. France Sail... . 2 2,834 689 1 8HIPP1 \ G REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessles entered Inwards from Sea, etc. — Continued. 59 of Vessels. Danish. French. German. : Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels. u tn £ a m r°'S) £-1 CU 35 cu u •Jl .2 P w r°'o£ t-i cu W "3 s cu M — CU C f1 Hi "3 31 CU u „ cu a. « C n t5 '3) t-1 cu cu cu h — cu r5 '2l r-1 cu Name. a cu ;> C 7- = 5 C~ 1 CU 1 CO > u mS c tn 5'i t-1 cu • 325 1 1,185 374,684 204 141,352 Japanese . . 1 204 1 204 1,511 516,240 1 1 1 1 1 1 *iA7 1,528 1,136 511 4 <± *\99 573,783 5,221 886 9 1 97 1,864 2, 562 . 5 5,901 122 25 13 1 O A 1 1,864 5 5,901 1 1,864 164 586,443 3 1 A *± 549 195 1 1 1 444 3 > 1 549 195 AAA Q O o o 1 1 QG 205,365 ft >1f»7 o, 411/ — — — Swedish .... Swedish. . . . 1 2 1,059 2, 611 39 0 o 1 1 279 3 3, 670 ±7 4/ ^lo, 111 1 77 65,980 1,862 __ — 1,368 17 1,385 67,842 61 53 2,201 4,944 114 7,145 3 2 2,730 1,114 3 2,866 200 8 28 12 1 9 1 2 5 1 808,320 8,269 76,243 2,834 71 7,504 393 7,055 3,683 689 1 1,680 1 452 1 265 60 CUSTOMS DEPARTMEy J 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 12. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries whence arrived. Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. Vessels. ti B S C _co r°'3) Pi CO CD li to £ C co Pi CO CO V >• CO ^ C w eS» K CO CO V i> CO £ c « t-' cV CO CO CO « GO £ c2 So Pi 1 384 1 1 2,534 21 143 8 j 36 33,961 22,766 22,640 4,483 703 125 457 279,837 32,804 447 oil QfiQ •3 1 'i , yoy 17 i a not; 15 3 1,185 2, 263 21 7,755 21 7,755 23 3 448 28 2 2,215 64 90 24 1,647 5,066 30 3 2,279 114 6 713 529 1 241 I 2 3 219 139 41 4 59 g 399 4 59 84 2 1 4 3 258 1 17S 362 394 7 85 1 57 631 7,736 77 4,864 10 2,192 151 13,392 1 196 1 84 1 1 94 89 1 22 19 24 2,066 1,593 9 13 960 394 24 1,537 43 3,767 St. John, N.B.— Con. Canary Islands Sail... . Italy Steam, Portugal Sail.. . . Greenland & Iceland... " — Spain Steam. Spain Sail... . United States Steam United States Sail Gibraltar Steam, French Africa " Sea Fisheries Sail — Total . Saint Martins, N.B. — United States Steam United States Sail... . Total. St. Stephen, N.B.— United States Steam, United States Sail... . Total. Sackville, N.B.— United States Sail. Salmon River, N.S. — British W. Indies Sail. United States " . Sea Fisheries " . Total Sandy Point, N.S — Great Britain Sail British W. Indies " Newfoundland Steam, Newfoundland Sail.. . . United States " Sea Fisheries Steam. Sea Fisheries Sail Total. Sheet Harbour, N.S. — Great Britain Steam, Shelburne, N.S. — Great Britain Sail.... British W. Indies " Newfoundland " .... France Steam. United States " United States Sail.. . . Sea Fisheries " Total 8HIPP1 V G REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards from Sea, etc. — Continued. 61 of Vessels. Danish. 192 939 1,175 225 French. German. o-r, H bo Italian. C so Pi 3,399 10,221 9^35 Russian, t-1 co 03 0(54 Other Nationalities. Name. §•§ P3 Total. 1 384 1 3,399 1 192 6 939 2 3,709 1 664 150 324,019 601 55,795 11 31,775 1 4,483 36 703 1,078 1,341,123 14 6,375 3,318 24,435 929 44 118 26 144 Id 1 84 2 258 1 1,178 11 993 88 8,130 1 77 57 4,864 161 15,584 1,116 1,116 62 CUSTOMS DEI' A HTM EXT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 12.— Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and < 'mmtries whence arrived. ( Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. o5 3 o > Tons Register. o5 > Tons Register. 73 "3 V > Tons Register. CO "3 «3 0Q O > Tons Register. n "3 02 > Tons Register. . Sherbrooke, N.S. — United States " ... 1 357 Total 1 357 Shippegan, N.B. — Sea Fisheries Steam. 12 72 133 1,052 Sea Fisheries Sail . . 1 92 Total 84 1,185 1 4 3 92 Shusharti Bay, B.C. — United States Steam. Sea Fisheries ' - 1,572 65 Total 7 1,637 Sidney, B.C.— United States Steam. — 40 1 2,843 141 49 4 1,408 1,897 United States Sail. . . Total 41 ' 2,984 53 3,305 Sorel, Que. — Great Britain Steam. 1 2,725 Souris, P.E.I.— Newfoundland Sail . . . 1 1 1 23 94 71 99 1,166 Saint Pierre " ... United States " ... Sea Fisheries " ... 11 865 Total 26 1,430 11 865 Steveston, B.C.— 52 2,065 137 15 4,541 326 ■ United States Sail. . . 10 62 990 Total 3,055 152 4,867 Stickeen, B.C.— Great Britain Steam. 10 835 United States " 41 620 Total 10 835 41 620 Summerside, P.E.I. — British W. Indies. Sail 1 5 2 99 1,705 547 Newfoundland Steam. United States Sail. . . 5 2,530 Total 8 2,351 5 2,530 SHIPPING REPORi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards from Sea, etc. — Continued. 63 of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. CO o CO V > Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessel's. Tons Register. Names. Vessels. Tons Register. JO "$ CO CO 3 > Tons Register. I 167 204 1 1 1 167 204 357 2 371 3 728 2 54° 2 12 73 542 133 1,144 2 o*± z 87 1,819 ; 4 3 1,572 65 7 1,637 • 89 5 4,251 2,038 94 6, 289 1 2,725 1 1 1 34 94 71 99 2,031 37 2,295 189 15 10 6,606 326 990 214 7,922 10 41 835 620 51 1 , 455 1 5 7 99 1 , 705 3,077 13 4,881 64 GU8 TO 1/ n D E I' IRTM Eti T 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 12. — Statement of the Number of Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries whence arrived. Sydney, N.S. — Great Britain Steam. British W. Indies " British W. Indies Sail. . . Newfoundland Steam. Newfoundland Sail . . French Africa Steam. Sea, Cable and Admir- alty " France " Egypt Portugal Saint Pierre Sail. . United States Steam. United States Sail. . British W. Africa Steam. Greece " Gibraltar Italy " Sea Fisheries Sail. . Total. Three Rivers, Que. — Great Britain Steam Tignish, P.E.I.— Sea Fisheries Sail . Truro, N.S.— Great Britain Sail. United States " Total. Tusket, N.S.— Sea Fisheries Sail . Union Bay, B.C. — Russia Steam. United States " United States Sail. . . Japan Steam. British Oceania, other. " Total Vancouver, B.C. — Great Britain Steam. Australia " Australia Sail . . . Japan Steam. Dutch East Indies. ... " Peru " Peru Sail. . , China Steam Fiji Islands " Philippines " Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. | Austrian. Belgian. Vessels. CO * i2 Si t" ' 4) si 73 ~P 03 > §•2 93 "3 OS V3 > g.2 50 Is «3 > co % CO CO C rfi PS Ill 2 1 119 25 2 1 66 1 331,996 3.244 99 227,390 1,843 5,550 984 203,846 2,804 13 17, 173 50 168,631 1 3,579 1 745 3 41 Q 2 1 20 7 217 80,988 653 4,612 2,825 56,250 17,269 1 15 920 229 9 15,776 1 88 405 940, 570 17 1,237 74 205,904 20 43,965 1 651 3 94 11- 1 283 3 626 1 283 3 626 - — — 3 274 1 31 11 3 1 2,615 68,108 9,901 8,697 4,921 53 49 1 20, 027 31,792 2,727 1 2,474 1 2,624 2 47 9 29 94,242 103 54,546 5,098 32,966 130,428 2 1,253 25 1 9 160,163 3,048 23,670 6 19,392 13 2 3 61,171 4,366 11,745 2 6,444 1 3, 192 SIIIITIXC KUl'ORT 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards from Sea, etc. — Continued. df Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. 1 Tons Register. Vessels. j Tons Register. | Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Names. co "o CO 9 > Tons Register. m % CO CO V >> u 9 * £M 124 2 1 170 25 2 2 66 1 1 3 53 18 2 1 20 7 1 349,169 3,244 99 397, 224 1,843 5,550 4,563 203,846 2,804 745 217 104,554 882 4,612 2,825 56, 250 17,269 88 1 1,203 2 6,870 1 1,203 2 6,870 499 1,155,784 2 3,834 23 48,450 3 94 — = 1 3 283 626 4 3 909 274 ===== 1 86 60 5 1 2,615 94,056 41,693 14, 04S 4,921 Japanese 1 3,447 1 3,447 153 157,333 9 29 2 54 1 15 1 18 2 4 32,966 130,428 1,25.3 245,767 3,048 43,062 65o 75,358 4,366 14,937 4 12,016 Japanese 25 73,588 Peruvian . . . Japanese 1 2 650 4,739 1 3,004 11a— 5 6G CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 12. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and British. United States, Countries whence arrived. to 13 to to s > Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. to "5 to CO o > Tons Register. W "0 to CO 0 > Tons Register. to "3 to 00 > Tons Register. Vancouver, B.C. — Con. 1 1 1 1 972 1,105 2,574 1, 193 1 831 3 6,423 3 1 9 10,452 3' 4g7 31, 767 Brit. Straits Settl'm'ts " 735 983, 616 581 1 17 o9U, 493 686 1, 591 United States Sail . . . Sea Fisheries Steam. 105 5, 991 Total 934 13 1 13 1,423,344 G12 422,451 16 52,981 Victoria, B.C.— Great Britain Steam. 36,204 2, 013 79,933 British W. Indies " Australia Sail — 1 1 1 1,011 1,011 3, 622 British S. Africa " Chili Steam. Chili Sail... . China Steam. 35 219, 997 United States " 664 92 4 7 595,558 21,439 10,113 208 639 34 491,002 6,319 3 9 956 United States Sail... Sea, Cable and Ad- miralty Steam . Sea Fisheries " Total 829 4 7 965,465 676 502,965 3 9 956 Westport, N.S. — United States Steam. 72 468 United States Sail... . Total 11 1 16 540 Weymouth, N.S.— United States Steam. 31 1,787 3 9 1 131 '796 United States Sail... . Total 17 69 1,818 12 1,927 White Rock, B.C.— United States Steam. 1,316 71 1,239 Windsor, N.S.— United States Steam. 11 61 10,396 67,648 United States Sail.... 43 36,040 Total 72 6 78,044 43 36,040 Wolfville, N.S — United States Sail.... Yarmouth, N.S — 665 3 553 4 159 37 2 48 771 140,796 6,087 22 2,308 United States Steam. 3 54 3,154 2,485 United States Sail... . Sea Fisheries Steam. Sea Fisheries Sail... . 73 5,261 Total 250 149,984 130 10,900 York Factory, Man. — Newfoundland Steam. 1 1,004 Norwegian. Austrian. Nationality Belgian. SHIPP1 \ 0 REPORT G7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Inwards from Sea, etc. — Concluded. of Vessels. Danish.. French. German. Italian, i Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. 1 0) C ID OQ w d a j % OQ C h r°'3) r-1 c ' ftf n 4) B-2 IS ames. •A cr: O u gj oi HH 02 03 s > C ■i. % §•3 1 2 1 14 7 1,329 1 122 972 1,936 2,574 40, 249 18,971 1,418,295 686 7,582 3,004 Japanese Japanese 6 6 4 19,177 15,484 12 662 Japanese. 0 _ . . 18, 024 44 126, 300 1,612 2,043, 100 13 1 13 1 1 1 1 64 38 1, 365 126 4 7 36,204 2,013 79,933 1,011 1,041 3,622 1,179 345,952 135,343 1,331,537 27,758 10,113 208 Chilian 1 29 38 59 1,179 125 955 135, 343 235, 021 Japanese Japanese Japanese. . . . 127 497,498 1,635 1,975,884 4 7 72 468 11 540 4 25 1,162 2,583 29 3,745 / 140 2,555 11 104 10,396 103,688 115 114,084 9 1,218 4 162 91 2 121 771 143,950 8,572 22 7,569 380 160,884 1 1,004 11a— 5| 68 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 13. — Summary Statement of the Nationality of Sea-going Vessels entered March 31, Countries from which Arrived. British. O 2 United States. 05 O a += Norwegian. 0.2 Austrian. 3 .2 Belgian. 41 United Kingdom. Australia British South Africa British West Africa British West Indies British Oceania, Other British Straits Settlements Egypt Fiji Islands Gibraltar Malfa Newfoundland Brazil Canary Islands Chili China Cuba Denmark Dutch East Indies France French Africa Greece Greenland, Iceland, etc.. . . Hawaii Holland Italy Japan Mexico Nicaragua Norway Panama Peru Philippines Portugal Russia St. Pierre San Domingo Sea Fisheries Spain 1,313 191 1 4,366,336 251,939 4,612 4,612 186, 132 4,921 16 13,145 2,264 1,983 124 150, 945 225 2,437 51 1 1,411 26,305 4,366 143,589 2,475 627,412 10,081 ' 3,' 487 1,799 3,118 22 3,327 384 8,075 281,168 4,058 6,196 195,987 ' ' 689 1 175 9 6 United States. Sea, Cable and Admiralty. Total 1,738 11 4,550 15 9,737 3,048 531,843 30,325 20, 576 6,444 .3,590 5,404 28,651 5,192 1,105 68,199 172,009 13,783 .3,007 124 23,670 11,745 15,540 9,038 5,475 6,052 2,727 6,081 1,671 831 1,528 1.411 2,624 8,301 19,392 3,192 1,193 2,869 10,452 82,521 14,357 3,498,680 25,911 4 1,665 3.792 183,041 K) 8,319 6,591 10,446,235 2,120,080 2,115 10 173 6,579 371,715 6,094 8,337 2,387,002 449 829,132 8HIPP1 \ Q REPORT 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a Inwards from Sea, from each Country, during the Fiscal Year ended 1917. of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. w 01 ;> Tons Register. CO to Tons Register. DO CO Tons Register. "33 03 V Tons Register. CO 00 m Tons Register. Name of Flag. 0) CO tn o Tons Register. 65 38,989 4 7,403 1 1,999 13 11,544 Brazilian.. . . Swedish Uruguayan . 2 10 1 466 9,860 1,748 1 1,223 \ 1 161 1 1,680 Japanese. . . . 6 15,484 2 2,366 9 9,135 1 288 6 1 2,841 2,397 2 432 Chilian 1 31 1,179 130,694 1 3,004 Japanese. . . . 66 11 805 3 1 028 19 4,507 4 3,054 7 3,046 26 4,532 Swedish. . . . 1 417 Dutch 2 3,937 2 4 3,469 12,016 14 54,257 Japanese. . . . 65 213,552 2 1,167 Peruvian 1 650 5 1 962 3,004 4 653 1 2 191 4,518 Japanese 6 19,177 40 8,701 Cuban 1 1,151 1 12 36 81 6,314 59,951 1 1 58 107 13 7 3,608 20, 007 Spanish 1 1 31 74 10 2,289 1,067 s:;,s!H) 273, 182 24,739 5 12,947 Swedish. . . . Dutch 3 3,348 Japanese Swedish. . 251 158.789 59 23,756 24 80,018 47 44,230 244 783,482 Total. 1,553 60 6 2 212 1 60 1 1,506 1 2 5 82 4 71 1 226 13 6 27 2 3 48 100 8 2 11 1 16 4 33 17 80 15 3,405 49 11,488 30 19,166 4,610,738 6,488,284 37,468 14,789,781 70 Cf 'sTO US DEI' A RTUEXT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 TRADE WITH EACH COUNTRY No. 14. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam and Sailing Vessels in Canada, for foreign countries, distinguishing the Nationality the Fiscal Year ended Nationality Ports and Outports and Countries for which Departed. * British. United States Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. 03 H 03 03 09 > Tons Register. 73 o r. 03 CO > Tons Register. 03 CJ a 03 o > Tons Register. 03 "o 03 03 > Tons Register. "3 X 03 o > Tons Register. Albert, N.B.— Great Britain Sail. . 1 6 246 747 United States " Total 7 993 Alberton, P.E.I.— Sea Fisheries Sail 3 44 Alert Bay, B.C.— United States Steam. Amherst, N.S. — Great Britain Sail. . . 3 355 36 5,500 _______ ===== 1 1,198 - Annapolis Royal, N.S. — Cuba Sail 1 2 397 217 United States " 2 18 Total 3 614 2 18 Any ox, B.C. — .... 68 31,670 107 85,464 === Arichat, N.S. — Saint Pierre Sail ===== ===== 1 4 79 96 358 1,677 United States '* 4 12 482 892 Sea Fisheries " Total 84 2, 131 16 1,374 Baddeck, N.S. — Great Britain Steam. 1 1 190 85 Newfoundland Sail 28 1 3 24 2,123 46 240 647 Saint Pierre " United State5* " 16 4 5,701 312 Sea Fisheries " Total 56 3,056 22 6,288 Barrington Passage, N.S. — United States Steam. 40 497 United States Sail 2 3 3 196 30 30 Sea Fisheries Steam. 18 11 347 639 Sea Fisheries Sail Total 8 19 256 69 1,483 Barton, N.S. — United States Sail.... 2,063 Bathurst, N.B.— Great Britain Steam. 5 10,334 4 1 3,970 1,556 Great Britain Sail Newfoundland Steam. France Sail 1 1 145 699 Spain Steam. United States Steam. ,S7///7'/ay; ri:i'oi:t 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a AND NATIONALITY OF VESSELS. entered outwards, for Sea, at each of the undermentioned Ports and Outports of the Vessels employed in the trade with each country, during March 31, 1917. of Vessels. Danish. French. 1 German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels. Tons Register. CO 7! > Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Names. Vessels . Tons Register. n in Tons Register. 1 6 246 747 7 993 3 44 39 5,855 2 494 1 399 4 2,091 ■ 1 4 397 235 5 632 - ■ 175 117,134 1 8 91 96 840 2,569 100 3,505 190 2,208 46 5,941 959 : ■ 1 29 1 19 28 78 9,344 40 2 21 14 497 196 377 669 77 1,739 19 2,063 9 8 1 1 1 14,304 2,929 1,223 145 699 1,223 6 1 1,148 1,223 Swedish 1 225 1 1,223 1 72 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 14.— Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Nationality Ports and Outports and Countries for which Departed. British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. 03 "I 03 S3 > u c 03 c2"5b f< 03 n 03 H to > C 03 K 03 "S > ■ P 03 tH 4) K 03 *s 03 > 03 | c w Ph 03 03 03 > s 03 2 o q H« Bathurst. N.B.— Con. United States Sail.... 1 v 260 Sea Fisheries " 11 143 Total 16 10,477 1 260 7 6,370 Bear River, N.S. — British W. Indies . . Sail.. . . 3 1 16 632 268 2,019 Cuba Steam. United States Sail. . . . Total 20 2,919 Belleveaus Cove, N.S. — British W. Indies . . .Sail.. . . 3 1 1 597 64 90 Porto Rico " United States " Total.. = 5 751 Bridgewater, N.S. — British W. Indies Sail — 3 1 1 2 1 4 1 20 294 177 503 816 268 1,293 110 3,986 Newfoundland " 1 4 1,005 2,345 1 1,080 Cuba " Porto Rico " Azores and Maderia. . . " United States Steam. 6 41 778 15,571 United States Sail. . . . Total 33 7,447 52 19,699 1 1,080 Buctouche, N.B. — Campbellton, N.B.— Great Britain Steam. 10 27, 307 10 3 6 — ■ - 9,917 1,467 8,426 Argentina " France Steam. 1 1,219 Portugal " Total - 10 27,307 19 19,810 1 1,219 Campo Bello, N.B.— United States Steam. 118 1 20,447 68 38 1 1,101 71 United States Sail — Total 119 20,515 596 39 1,172 Canning, N.S. — United States Sail — 2 Canso, N.S.— Newfoundland Steam. 1 3 4 17 94 122 24 320 143 1,890 1,911 8,047 Newfoundland Sail 4 1 14 54 57 242 100 1,195 9,108 5,071 United States Steam. United States Sail — Sea Fisheries Steam. Sea Fisheries Sail.. . . Total 130 15,716 241 12,335 SHIPPIX Q REP0R1 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Outwards for Sea, etc. — Continued. or Vessels. Danish, i French. German Italian. Russian. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Names. Vessels. Tons Register. CO "3 CO oo CD > Tons Register. 1 11 260 143 — ■ — 8 3,594 1 225 33 20,926 ■ - == — — - — = = — 3 1 16 632 268 2,019 20 2,919 - - == — ■ — 3 1 1 597 64 90 5 751 294 177 2,588 3,161 268 1,293 888 19,557 == ■ - — - 3 1 3 6 1 4 7 61 — 86 28,226 8 1,428 8 26 28 9 1 2 2 1,428 44,797 8,230 13,223 1,219 494 397 = : = 2 — 2,138 4 16 5,435 2,804 Swedish. . . . 9 3 3,959 4,797 2 494 2 22 397 12 8,636 2 494 8,756 2 2,138 68 68,360 156 2 21,548 139 158 21,687 2 596 1 7 5 31 148 179 24 562 243 3,085 11,019 13,118 371 28,051 Other Nationalities. Total. 74 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 14. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries for which departed. Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. to % to 03 > u to 3 p2 So CO "3 to to 03 u C CO 03 to' *03 CO 03 a J a s (2*a "03 to CO 03 u to S 9 a tr1 03 to 03 » b CO.£ 5 a 03 ft Caraquet, N.B. — 157 2,249 v'dlU I — .111 , x . I . . i . 1 5 473 Total g 549 Charlottetown, P.E.I.— Newfoundland Steam. 17 6 2 3 21 4 3 5,797 406 5,089 213 22,944 469 37 ^^ewfound land Sail* France Steam . So in f T*i c*rrc± Sin 1 1 TTnifpfi States Sail Sea Fisheries " Total 56 8 34,955 C^hnthfim "NT "R ( 1 ro q +■ T»i f q i n St f»n m 23, 262 10 3 9,405 3,794 United States Steam. 18 3 19,839 1 687 TTnitr>rl Stntp . V. . United States Steam . 21 4,199 46 5 4 1,219 1,099 3,566 TTnitprl StntpQ Sail British South Africa . . " British Oceania, other. Steam. Total 1 1, 920 22 6,119 Do United States Steam. 1 7 30 90 United States Sail 3 2 20 272 21 220 4 25 513 Q O 1 on Cheticamp, N.S. — United States Sail... 1 97 i., riicout i m i , i-^ue . Great Britain Steam. 5 4 12,960 7,362 6 8,989 Spain " United States " 5 6,350 Total f... 9 20,322 5 6,350 6 8,989 Church Point, N.S.— Cuba Sail 1 8 223 891 United States " ... Total 9 1,114 8HIPP1 \ Q REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Ontwards for Sea, etc. — Continued. 75 of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. to O > Tons Register. CO to > Tons Register. ■j. to >■ 1 Tons Register. CO - to > Tons Register. Vessels. Tons 'j Register. | Names. Vessels. Tons Register. ■it "a3 09 to CU > Tons Register. 157 2,249 1 5 76 473 6 549 17 6 2 3 21 4 3 5,797 406 5,089 213 22,944 '469 37 56 34,955 3 60 2 3,037 11 171 '362 8 1,896 29 63 2 18 14 37,600 14,965 '362 19,839 3,586 Uruguayan.. 1 430 65 14,570 8 1,896 1 430 126 76,352 — — 67 5 4 1 5,418 1,099 3,566 1,'920 77 12,003 1 10 2 20 30 362 21 220 33 633 1 97 5 12 1 5 12,960 19,539 1,338 6,350 2 1 3,188 1,338 3 4,526 23 40, 187 1 8 223 891 9 1,114 Other Nationalities. Total. 76 CUSTOMS DEI'A R TME2H T 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 14. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries for which Departed. Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. Vessels. c 1 & 5 03 £ '3 03 S> b n§ c oa (2"i 05 m 0> t> a J c5 "3 H to 03 V u c m ■- '3 o »3 03 sl ai 41 575 6 3 205 69 25 394 a 0 274 66 969 1 0 1 , 576 = 2 5, 130 1 1 1,043 1,527 2 2, 260 4 3, 678 4 7,390 4 3,678 2 2,570 1 13 888 6,568 4 7 81 606 14 7, 456 1 1 687 2 420 1 260 3 952 12 2,574 1 1 2 2 8 7 1 131 146 196 198 8,945 660 » 7 2 8 395 2, 662 3 1,065 1 4 9 253 3,677 2,661 21 11 276 17 7 656 9 11,057 7 384 9 150 861 7,529 4 62 159 8,390 DZ 192 11 866,676 4,859 3 . 11 5,908 3,767 4 18 16 4,416 19,378 11,598 6 67 94 5 7 2 17 2,570 65, 379 10,313 7,573 1,892 486 32,675 1 3,578 2 410 3 2 12,413 1,734 1 1,219 2 704 26 3 73,984 294 1 2.723 13 22.073 9 18,471 Clarks Harbour, N.S. — United States Steam, United States Sail... . Sea Fisheries Steam. Total Clementsport, N. S United States Sail Dalhousie, N.B. — Great Britain Steam, Great Britain Sail France Steam, United States " Total Digby, N.S United States Steam, United States Sail Total Dorchester, N.B.— United States Sail Fredericton, N.B. — United States Sail... . Gaspe, Que Great Britain Steam Great Britain Sail British W. Indies " France " United States Steam United States Sail... . Total Georgetown, P.E.I. — Newfoundland Sail Glace Bay, N.S — Great Britain Steam Great Britain Sail United States Steam Total Halifax, N.S.— Great Britain Steam. Great Britain Sail British W. Indies Steam. British W. Indies Sail... . Newfoundland Steam. Newfoundland Sail.. . . Mexico Steam. Brazil Sail Cuba " France Steam. France Sail British Guiana Steam. British Guiana Sail Holland Steam, SHIPPING REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Outwards for Sea, etc. — Continued. 77 of Vessels. Danish. French. ( icrman. Italian. Russian. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. "3 CO CO o Tons Register. "33 CO , co CD > Tons Register. Name. Vessels. Tons Register. "Vessels. Tons Register. 41 3 28 575 205 463 72 1,243 _ __ __ __ 12 1,576 3 2 3,579 397 5 3 1 6 8,709 1,440 1,527 5,938 5 3,976 15 17,614 5 20 969 7, 174 25 8,143 ■- — = 3 680 15 3,526 _____ __■ ■ __________ = 8 11 2 3 12 16 9,526 5,127 196 451 12,622 3,321 3 664 2 590 3 664 2 590 52 31,243 = = = 7 384 = = ■ -7- — 9 150 4 861 7,529 62 163 8,452 2 5 2,545 2,163 Swedish. . . . Swedish. . . . 2 1 2,506 204 203 54 16 6 68 96 5 7 2 22 5 26 3 3S 882,051 :; 2,(ioii 11,598 2,570 68,957 10,723 7,573 1,892 486 50.543 2,591 73,984 294 74.817 7 1,295 1 340 1 1 4,236 153 1 938 Dutch 14 30.612 Other Nationalities. Total. 78 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 14. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries for which Departed. Nationality Halifax, N.S. — Con. Italy Steam Norway " Denmark " Denmark Sail New Zealand Steam. Russia " Saint Pierre " Saint Pierre Sail Gibraltar Steam. Sweden ' United States Steam United States Sail... . Sea, Cable and Admi- ralty Steam San Domingo " Bermuda " Danish East Indies... .Sail Canary Islands " Sea Fisheries Steam Sea Fisheries Sail... . Total. Hantsport, N.S — United States Steam United States Sail... . Total. Hillsborough, N.B.— United States Sail... . Indian Island, N.B. — United States Steam Isaacs Harbour, N.S. — Newfoundland Sail... . United States " Sea Fisheries Steam Sea Fisheries Sail Total. Joggins Mines, N.S. — United States Sail... Kingsport, N.S. — Cuba Steam Cuba Sail... . United States " Total Ladner, B.C. — United States Steam, Ladysmith, B.C. — United States Steam. United States Sail. Total British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. j Vessels. to 5 c X m J to to o > li BjSa c 5 to ~6 to 95 o > b tO-S §1 m t» o to to o > u <» -2 o to DO o > PS 1 2,475 5 o 2 OU, ZUO 5,905 a , Uo4 4 9,489 3 IS 9Q1 lo, i 1 O ATA Z, 4/4 I 2 84 5,658 2 29 21 6 1 5,387 40, 197 7,487 1,410 948 l 99 3 2,313 00, oZO 5,089 187 32 78 OUO, OOD 6,612 244,502 * 4, 632 2 1,818 i i 7,029 1 605 1 ft 288 1,441 17,215 42 2,289 1-033 1 QQfi fiAfi 1 , yoo, oOD 125 81,324 1 1 q llo oni ons; iiii , yuo 12 24, 322 10 6 3,008 1,300 16 4,308 8 5 7,574 11 4,747 8 1 1 1 C 1 , Ho i 74 1 4 99 50 ii 3 294 286 5 149 15 654 14 4 2 1,739 6 1,201 3,018 590 1 145 6 3,608 1 145 1 128 2 632 43 42 9,002 5,968 84 81 30, 903 26,385 85 14,970 165 57,288 8EIPP1 \ Q REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Outwards for Sea, etc. — Continued. 70 of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels. M CO £ (2'«> co co co 9 Sfc f> a J 73 "3 co CO 3 to "a! CO CO V c msl C co erf CO CO CO s > %i CO 0 C CO £■§ Name. bq c DQ CC o > fa CO ^ R 1 £ "5 « ■/. to 0} s >> tl co Si 8 ,g 1 20 15 2 3 4 15 1 2 3 251 56 87 4 1 1 1 10 330 2,475 50,206 38,391 3,084 18,293 13,126 3,240 84 5, 658 7,700 695,326 19, 188 249,260 3,917 7,029 161 605 1.441 19,504 6 22 997 g 10 652 15 3, 24C 2 _ 5, 432 1 f J j 4, 119 1 Dutch Swedish .... Spanish. 3 3 1 1 8,956 3 274 1 745 2, 289 3 3,348 1 151 I 161 17 21 11, 317 11 19 479 26 50 737 1,358 2,358,773 10 g 3,008 1,300 16 4,308 19 12,321 105 1,126 1 1 15 3 74 99 344 286 . . 20 803 20 2,940 4 2 1 3,018 590 145 7 3.753 3 760 127 123 39,905 32,353 250 72,258 80 C V8T0MS D ER IRTM E Y T 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 14. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries for which Departed. La Have, N.S.— British W. Indies Sail. Newfoundland United States " Argentina Sea Fisheries Steam Sea Fisheries Sail... Total. Liverpool, N.S. — Great Britain Sail... British. W. Indies " Newfoundland Steam. Newfoundland Sail... Cuba " ••' Porto Rico " United States Steam, United States. Sail... . Sea Fisheries Steam. Sea Fisheries Sail — Total. Lockeport, N.S. — Newfoundland Sail. . United States " - Sea Fisheries " . Total. Lord's Cove, N.B. — United States Steam, Louisburg, N.S. — Great Britain Steam, Newfoundland " Newfoundland Sail — British S. Africa Steam, France Egypt " Holland Italy " Russia Saint Pierre " Saint Pierre Sail.... United States Steam. United States Sail... Gibraltar Steam Sea, Cable and Admi- ralty Steam. San Domingo " Sea Fisheries Sail... . Total. Lower East Pubnico, N.S. — Newfoundland Sail... United States " Sea Fisheries " Total Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. | Austrian. Belgian. n to 6 > C (O C-1 Hi to to CO o > a J Pi CO "3 > ■ to % S m cd CO 9 > * a J CO "3 o > « C »] 0H 2 10 14 1 1 72 197 1,028 1,601 i i 5,821 14 2 924 161 100 9, 161 16 1,085 1 78 20 3,031 2 3 1 174 277 214 1 54 1 1 36 84 20 5,292 14 36 80 59 1,353 10,261 3,781 4, 651 i 898 59 8,481 196 20, 789 1 898 2 1 48 163 91 1, 682 1 n 1U oU 136 2, 166 51 1, 936 40 2,302 215 4,011 100 1,614 12 87 51 1 22 1 31,477 53,929 4,814 2,304 56, 247 2,749 49 79,045 10 979 7 11,932 1 1,219 6 10,057 4 7,034 1 2,380 1 2,127 1 2 74 8 2 29 118 164 110,859 £ CO 1 5,524 79,003 3 Q 6,999 01 o 2 1,668 4 9,297 2 1 155 470 948 6,465 5 377 296 355,769 174 16,080 69 114,126 5 28, 253 1 5 26 12 287 1,369 1 14 26 86 335 1,769 32 1,668 41 2,190 SHIPPING REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Outwards for Sea, etc. — Continued. 81 of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels . h ss §•2 t-! CD Oh to "33 co 55 > C0.£ C co co' CO CO > M co_£ C CO ° "B r , ofl CO "a! CO CD > h CO 5 C CO O'- CO "3 CO CO 3 > u CO .2 C CO n CO CO 3 > u C n 2 10 14 1 15 74 197 1,028 1,601 503 935 5,982 116 10,246 ~ — = ■ — 1 20 2 4 1 1 16 72 80 59 78 3,031 174 331 214 84 2,271 15,553 3,781 4,651 ...... 256 30,168 2 11 78 163 227 3,848 91 4,238 ==7= ■ — — '■ ■ 315 5,625 19 25,642 = ■ J Swedish Dutch. 2 1 2,506 1,597 83 87 61 1 30 1 11 3 1 1 2 n 8 31 1 160 140,267 53,929 5,793 2,304 69,398 2,749 18,397 8,301 2,127 118 164 6,043 20,343 79,473 948 6,842 \ Dutch. 1 1,306 2 5,921 2 3 297 uutcn i 1 1 3,540 Spanish 1 1,982 21 28,939 3 9,461 6 9,062 574 541,690 2 19 52 98 622 3,138 73 3,858 11a— 6 82 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 14. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Nationality Ports and Outports and Countries for which Departed. British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. o to o ;> CO §.5 K o co co > 6 co 5 hi ■ co > CO ^ I| EH 9 Ph co ~o CO CO > CO ® C 1o PS CD CO CO », <3 co C S r . U) Pi Lunenburg, N.S. — Great Britain Sail — 1 5 20 22 299 471 2,139 2,219 Newfoundland " ... 1 83 Porto Rico " ... 1 2 26 3 331 491 1,793 309 19 54 204 3,977 711 15,817 Total 325 25,633 33 3,007 Magdalen Islands, Que. — United States Sail 7 533 13 957 Mahone Bay, N.S. — Newfoundland Sail. . . . 2 7 4 182 870 229 United States " ... Total 13 1,281 Maitland, N.S.— United States Sail.... 7 795 Meteghan River, N.S. — Cuba Sail 1 3 5 47 410 518 Porto Rico " ... United States " ... Total 9 975 Moncton, N.B. — Great Britain Steam. 5 1 1 11,902 281 3,050 British W. Indies Sail... . France Steam. Norway " 1 2,200 United States Sail... . 5 958 Total 7 15,233 5 958 1 2,200 Montague Bridge, P.E.I. — Newfoundland Sail.. . . 2 4 90 361 United States " ... Total 6 451 Montreal, Que.. . Great Britain Steam. 268 1,091,469 5 6,839 1 4,729 Great Britain Sail — 1 2 388 2,109 Newfoundland Steam. 4 3 152 3 67 5 2 2 8 4,714 737 485,241 7, 293 168,924 20, 546 7,960 4,526 21,658 Newfoundland Sail.. . . Sea, Cable and Admi- ralty Steam. Gibraltar " 2 5 4,544 12, 155 France " 2 3,051 Greece " Italy " British S. Africa " Portugal " 1 3 1,411 4,013 United States " 3 6,075 26 4 25,516 2,490 United States Sail.... Total 517 1,819,14.3 35 33,554 16 28,962 1 4,729 8HIPPI \ Q REPORT HI SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Outwards for Sea, etc. — Continued. of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. co co CO > Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Name. CO *o CO CO > Tons Register. CO > Tons Register. 1 5 21 22 1 21 80 207 299 471 2,222 2,21 331 4,468 2,504 16,126 ... 358 28,640 = 20 1,490 2 7 4 182 870 229 13 1,281 ===== == == • : === = — 7 795 ===== 1 3 5 47 410 518 9 975 5 1 1 1 5 11,902 281 3,050 2,200 958 13 18,391 2 4 90 361 6 451 4 5,845 278 1 6 3 152 16 84 5 2 5 8 1 34 4 1,108,882 388 6,823 737 485,241 55,337 197,274 20,546 7,960 14,551 21,658 1.411 37,275 2,490 11 43,500 10 13,144 3 10,025 Nicaraguan. 2 1,671 4 5,845 10 13,144 14 53,525 2 1,671 599 1,960,573 11a— 6^ 84 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 14. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries for which Departed. Moose Factory, Man. — Newfoundland Steam Murray Harbour, P.E.I. — Sea Fisheries Sail... . Nanaimo, B.C. — Russia Steam. United States " .. United States Sail... . Chili Steam. Japan " Sea Fisheries " Total Newcastle, N.B. — Great Britain Steam. Great Britain Sail. . . France Steam. United States Sail. . . Total Newport, B.C.— United States Steam. New Westminster, B.C. — Great Britain Steam. United States Steam. United States Sail. . . British S. Africa " Total. North East Harbour, N.S.— United States Sail. . Sea Fisheries " . Total North Head, N.B.— United States Steam. United States Sail. . . Total. North Sydney, N.S.— Great Britain Steam. Great Britain Sail. . . Newfoundland Steam. Newfoundland Sail . . . France Steam. France Sail . . . Saint Pierre Steam. Saint Pierre Sail . . . United States Steam. United States Sail. . . Sea Fisheries " Total Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. Vessels. §1 :5 m 03 Fc5 CO 03 9 > ti mS 03 "3 CO o > u 03 Si £"« 03 03 03 > u 03.2 £"§ 03 % V > 1 1,541 4 113 159 46, 725 5,764 322 289 1 1 26 94,053 96,921 3,192 3, 121 792 19 53, 182 .... 1 * * * * 4, 135 48 4,739 239 57,228 639 198,079 20 57 317 1 2,263 3 3,869 1 1,411 3 3,582 1 99 3 915 2 2,362 3 915 A 5 280 o o "? 189 131 42,823 61 16,335 = 1 5 9 177 354 23 3 1 4, 308 542 747 6 2,931 97 it o , oy / 1 4 ODD 250 3 yy 3 99 5 olo 182 22,361 20 2 274 120 182 22, 361 22 394 2 4,886 3 1 9 2,811 576 17,151 1 2 6 388 1,048 594 401 190 16 214,949 13,337 37 191 9 12,561 1 253 8 1 6 36 577 1,172 490 2,524 6 13,803 2 27 280 2,420 660 275,126 39 4,983 28 46,902 SHIPP1 \ 0 REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Outwards, for Sea, etc. — Continued. 85 of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. m 03 03 > a, £ R BC -2'S X o i. w tn 2 R .52 n CO 03 03 "3 03 u !> 1 03.2 C 73 03' 03 !> 03 « Names. 03 > 03 £ c % p°'5b 03 % 03 co S >. u §.§ r." CX t-1 O 1 1,541 4 113 Japanese. . . . Japanese. . . . 2 15 4,518 38,992 2 515 321 1 7 74 4,518 232 9=52 102,685 3,192 17 932 5^531 Japanese. . . . 5 10,676 22 54, 186 920 366,810 == = = == ■ = — — : 4 } 35 4 4 6,132 7 184 4^993 1,014 28 4,924 1 107 4 1,156 1 Swedish. . . /Brazilian . . 1 1 762 235 28 4,924 1 107 4 1,156 — 2 997 47 19,323 == — 192 59,158 1 28 3 1 2,577 4,662 542 747 33 8,528 1 7 366 349 8 715 202 2 22,635 120 204 22,755 5 2 417 196 26 1 25 9 7 8 64 7,697 964 235.12S 13,931 50,739 253 5,400 707 14,975 770 5,025 5 1,980 1 987 25 1 5,400 130 1 81 1 81 32 8,497 760 335,589 86 CUSTOMS DIJI'ARTMEXT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 14. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Nationality Ports and Outports and Countries for which Departed. British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. 3 n 03 S > jfl ^5 S s £§ " O Cv ai W 3 > b ED C -/i P5 c to n CD > to h'I M / s — T. si "f n Cv DQ S Ocean Falls, B.C. — United States Steam. 3 4,077 10 9,273 Parrsboro, N.S. — Great Britain Steam. 1 20 2 1 43 2,927 8,210 6,028 g 8,005 2 2 1 2,470 2, 161 2,340 Great Britain Sail. . . 4 1, 132 France Steam. United States " 35 40 8,004 8,163 United States Sail. . . Total 67 25, 179 79 17,299 5 6,971 Paepebiac, Que. — 4 6 3,364 3,431 Great Britain Sail . . . 1 1 3 2 187 147 8,352 156 British \Y Indies France Steam. 1 1,411 United States Sail. . . Total 7 8,842 11 8,206 Perce, Que. — United States Sail. . . 4 215 Pictou, N.S. — Great Britain Sail. . . 1 84 2 2,358 Newfoundland 1 4 92 10,248 France Steam. 2 3,391 1 1,115 United States Sail. . . Total 5 10,340 1 84 4 5,749 1 1,115 Port Alberni, B.C. — United States Steam. ' 3 1,197 7 3,260 Port Clyde, N.S. — United States Sail . . . ___ ______ 2 1 369 15 2 459 Sea Fisheries Total 3 384 2 459 Port Hawkesbury, N.S. — British W. Indies Sail. . . 2 395 Newfoundland " ... 1 I 24 519 Cuba " Saint Pierre 1 18 13 16 70 19,404 1,237 1,192 United States Steam. 3 12 25 1,839 1,275 2,202 United States Sail Sea Fisheries Total 50 22,298 42 5,859 Port Hood, N.S.— 3 282 Port La Tour, N.S.— Sea Fisheries Steam. 3 34 3 200 Total 3 34 3 200 siirrrixo IMPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Outwards, for Sea, etc. — Continued. 87 of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels. a J C eft to ® 03 cy > CO .2 §•2 03 CO > h C co c2"5b fc-l o CO to (ft 0) !> C3 rft r°'S) CO "53 ■ji > H S P4 Name. CO "3 CO CO 03 1 t-1 o Pi 05 03 03 CO. fa 03 I C 13 13,350 3 27 3 36 83 5,397 11, '870 8 368 8^013 16,168 1 367 1 367 152 49,816 _ 4 1 21 > , 4 2 3,364 6,268 147 9,763 156 10 1,655 2 597 1 Brazilian. . /Portuguese 1 1 231 167 — 10 1,655 2 597 2 398 32 19,698 4 215 =^=^= Swedish. . . . 1 - — 417 4 1 7 1 2,859 92 14,754 199 Nicaraguan. 1 199 2 == 616 13 17,904 — — » 10 4,457 =^^^=^= 4 1 828 15 5 843 2 1 1 1 21 26 41 395 24 519 70 21,243 2,711 3,394 Nicaraguan. 1 199 1 199 93 28,356 3 282 3 3 34 200 6 234 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 14. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries for which Departed. Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. Vessels. Tons Register, j Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. w CO > Tons Register. Vessels . Tons Register. Port Mulgrave, N.S.— Great Britain Steam. 1 2, 094 United States ' 13 2 3 7,285 1,671 289 United States Sail . 7 617 Total..' g 2, 711 18 9, 245 Port Simpson, B.C. — United States Steam. 3 1,899 9 246 Port Wade, N.S.— United States Sail. . . 5 490 1 6 Port Williams, N.S. — Cuba Sail. . . 1 299 Powell River, B.C.— Australia Steam. United States " 15 1 41,446 1,904 107 47,427 Total 16 43,350 107 47,427 Prince Rupert, B.C. — United States Steam. ===== 143 - — 148,294 = 137 136,076 Sea Fisheries Steam. 444 11,241 745 14,303 Total , 587 159,535 882 ___ 150,379 Pug wash, N.S. — 3 1 ===: 2,994 1,538 4 8 4,532 Quebec, Que.— 70 23 12 10 228,845 4,421 756 48,989 10, 259 Newfoundland ' Newfoundland Sail — France Steam. United States . ■ " 1 1,905 7 5,976 2 2,870 Total 116 284,916 7 5,976 10 13,129 Richibucto, N.B. — 1 154 i Rimouski, Que. — 30 197,003 1 3 1,117 2,383 United States Steam. 7 6,186 2 3,134 Total 37 203,189 6 6,634 River Hebert, N.S.— 1 209 — 1 SHIPPim BEPORl SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Outwards for Sea, etc. — Continued. of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vesselss. h m S a co h'I erf CO "3 CO CO 0) M CO 5 C M Hi Ph CO *3 CO CO 0) b CO ^ C CO Ph CO "3 CO CO 01 CO 5 Ph CO "3 CO CO o CO g C CO h'I erf Names. CO "3 CO CO CO li 9 CO I C M O 4) H Ph CO "3 CO CO 3 ►> h CO 41 o E-i'S Ph 1 13 2 10 2,094 7,285 1,671 906 OA 11, 956 12 2,145 6 496 1 299 r- 1.5 109 41 446 E 1 7A1 Japanese 2 370 1 2,370 124 93,147 280 1 1,189 284,370 204 25,544 Japanese 1 204 1 A7ft 310, 118 1 321 Swedish. . . . 1 204 5 1 3,519 1,538 1 321 zu-± 0 5,057 ■ : 6 7,279 1 7,633 85 23 12 10 1 12 254,016 4,421 756 48,989 1,855 13, 401 1 1,855 \J I ■ 1 — 1 i . 1 J .111 9 9 A^n ODU 6 7,279 1 7,633 1 1,855 2 2,650 143 323,438 7 1,152 8 1,306 Swedish Swedish 1 1 1,059 1,115 32 5 7 3 199,179 3,777 6,186 4,630 1 279 Swedish. . . . 1 1,496 1 279 3 3,670 47 213,772 1 go customs i)i:i'Airr.)ii:yT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 14. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries for which Departed. Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. CO % CO CO e > in CO .g C CO ID CO "3 CO CO CO > U co^ a °"Si r. Ctl n oi CO CO CO ^ St. Andrews, N.B.— 245 4 16,099 329 1,081 ft 0 49,995 77*1 OA Q 1 ft AOQ ID, 1 0Q7 St. George, N.B. — 1 1,808 TT " j ] Ox-.x.... *< 63 47 2,164 7,703 TT'i 1 Ox „ i 4 156 5 1,964 y , so/ Saint John, N.B. — 112 6 6 59 462,755 4,024 1,046 190,822 9 O 6 - , oDO 7,101 13 1 4,348 599 3 3,564 i i - . i H I Q QQQ O, ODO 1 29 90 2 3 3 2,798 57,335 6,600 833 8,925 10,000 124 431 2 279,660 21,232 1,190 o o 0 97£ TT *x J Ox x o ^ ; 1 United States oau — 3 1 1,246 85 21 281 332 745,419 577 310,256 20 21,848 St. Martins, N.B.— 20 12 1,580 3,432 20 2 8, 585 27 Sea Fisheries " — Total 22 8,612 32 5,012 St. Peters, N.S.— ' Sea Fisheries Sail... . 1 11 St. Stephen, N.B. — 17 1,900 88 15 1,608 2,740 — 17 1,900 103 4,348 Sackville, N.B — 1 241 Salmon River, N.S. — 5 1 2 219 71 21 "United States 8 311 Sandy Cove, N.S. — United States Steam. 2 1 12 11 3 23 SHIPP1 \ G REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a md Sailing Vessels entered Outwards for Sea, etc. — Continued. 91 )F Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. cu 73 tn 03 > M 73 73 cu C 73 * C "ar O r~ feC w 73 73 03 m «> C In c2 — 73 73 03 >. 73 73 3S h 73 £ fl ft) m <-<_ 7J 73 03 i> c m ° C s_ 73 00 CO 03 > b 73£ — on n ■- « 1,326 10 66,094 1,104 1,336 67,198 1 63 51 1,808 2,164 7,859 115 11,831 - — ,_ A 4 8 3 905 l!327 119 36 7 65 1 11 1 6 1 Loo 521 4 3 3 4 22 18,181 1 645 197^251 225 30,863 143 5 229 2 ',798 OAQ 771 27,832 2,023 O , <7_Q 10,000 2,163 366 1 452 2 929 3 2,865 1 225 10 28,153 1 143 O L 4,501 1 917 15 6,517 »< 4 3,317 12 32,654 2 929 962 1,120,940 20 32 2 1,580 19 fi1 7 27 54 13,624 ___ _____ _____ =_=__ — 1 11 105 15 3,508 2,740 120 6,248 — = =__ 1 241 5 1 2 219 71 21 8 311 2 1 12 11 3 23 1 92 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 14. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries for which Departed. Nationality British. United States Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. CO CO to o > Tons Register. CO to CO o >- Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. to CO 6 > ! Tons Register. Vessels. 1 Tons Register. Sandy Point, N.S. — Newfoundland Sail 2 188 United States Steam. 2 lc 2 1,202 2,524 35 United States Sail 19 132 2,751 11,125 Sea Fisheries " Total 3,761 loo 14,064 Shediac, N.B. — Great Britain Steam 1 760 Newfoundland " 5 467 Total 5 467 1 760 Sheet Harbour, N.S. — Great Britain Sail Sea Fisheries " 1 17 Total 1 17 Shelburne, N.S. — British W Indies Sail 4 7 11 0 834 Newfoundland M 5 2 10 31 516 467 4,767 2,738 United States Steam. United States Sail 7 16 696 'xOu Total HA ' 2,502 8,488 Sherbrooke N.S. — France " United States " 3 813 3 1, 128 Total 3 813 3 1,128 Shippegan, N.B. United States Sail.. . . 2 14 79 186 153 1,140 Sea Fisheries Sail 1 no Total 95 1,479 1 92 Shusharti Bav B.C. United States Steam. 1 60 O l 1,622 15 Sea Fisheries " Total 1 60 7 1,637 oidncv B C United States Steam. 28 1 412 201 44 2 556 245 Total 29 613 46 801 Sorel, Que. — Newfoundland Steam. 1 3 147 280 Newfoundland Sail... . Total 4 427 1 8HIPP1 \ 0 REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Outwards for Sea, etc. — Continued. 93 of Vessels. Danish. French. ( icrinan. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessles. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Name. 9 73 CD > Tons Register. 73 "3 in 9 > Tons Register. 2 2 37 135 188 1,202 5,275 11,160 176 17,825 1 5 760 467 6 1,227 196 1 1 196 17 l ... 19o 2 213 4 12 3 17 47 512 1,350 1,583 5,463 3, 198 j 1 116 1 1, 116 83 12, 106 = — = = __ \ 1 167 204 1 1 6 167 204 1,941 2 371 8 2,312 2 14 80 186 153 1 939 96 1,571 ===== 7 1 1,682 15 8 1,697 72 3 968 446 75 1,414 1 3 147 280 4 427 94 CUSTOMS DEPARTMEyT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 14. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries for which Departed. Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. to 73 -_ 73 73 O > u m£ §■2 r~ Hi t"1 © 72 "o m © s> u 2-2 S 2 3 tn "o m o > 6 a J g.3 c-1 © "3 Bj > b b| 0 n o •— A w DQ > 5 J C 73 a "* £ M Souris, P.E.I.— Newfoundland Sail... . 2 4 1 1 36 141 335 96 32 1,422 United States " ... 1 44 Sea Fisheries Steam. 11 865 Total 44 2,026 12 909 Steveston, B.C.— United States Steam. 51 1 3 1,457 6 68 137 16 1 4,529 346 22 United States Sail Sea Fisheries Steam. Total 55 1,531 154 11 40 4,897 Stickeen, B.C.— Great Britain Steam. = 838 592 United States " Total 51 1,430 Summerside, P.E.I. — Newfoundland Steam. 17 1 5,732 78 Newfoundland Sail... . Total 18 5,810 Sydney, N.S.— Great Britain Steam. 18 119 338 4 61 46,443 222, 394 23,310 9,727 136,414 20 50 22,426 168,577 ■ Newfoundland " 1 318 Newfoundland Sail Gibraltar Steam. France " 1 805 15 2 25,598 2,664 3 3,470 Holland " Italy " 1 2,209 1 1,329 Saint Pierre " Saint Pierre. Sail 9 32 7 2 73 635 63,584 20, 508 6,266 226, 654 United States Steam. 4 4,105 5 10,610 British S. Africa " Australia " Sea Cable & Admiralty " 18 358 Total 664 758, 144 24 5,586 93 231,204 3 3,470 Three Rivers, Que. — Great Britain Steam. 20 43,965 1 651 Tignish, P.E.I.— 4 206 Truro, N.S.— Great Britain Sail 1 2 357 432 United States " ... 2 255 Total 2 255 3 789 Tusket, N.S.— 1 11 3 274 SHIPPING REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Outwards for Sea, etc. — Continued. 95 of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. l^t '''II' ■ Vessels. Tons Register. CO "a3 CO o5 > Tons Register. 2 4 2 1 47 141 335 140 32 2,287 56 2,935 188 17 4 5,986 352 90 209 6,428 11 40 838 592 51 1,430 . __ ___ _____ ___ 17 1 5, 732 78 18 5,810 13 14,958 bweaisn. . . . 3 3,197 54 175 338 14 80 2 2 1 2 4 9 41 7 2 73 18 87,024 392,369 23,310 50,094 166,287 2,664 4,679 1,329 6,870 864 635 78,299 20,508 6,266 226,654 358 5 1,080 10 40,367 1 _,470 2 D,o/U 4 864 ...13 14,958 9 1,944 11 42,837 2 6,870 3 3,197 822 1,068,210 2 3,834 23 48,450 4 206 1 4 357 687 5 1,044 4 285 •J6 CU8T0 Us DEPARTMEh T 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 14. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries for which departed. Union Bay, B.C.— Russia Steam. United States " United States Sail... . Japan Steam British Oceania, other. " Total. Vancouver, B.C. — Great Britain Steam Australia " China " Japan " Chili. " Peru " Fiji Islands " Fiji Islands Sail... . Panama " Russia Steam Philippines " British S. Africa Sail.... United States Steam United States Sail.... Sea Fisheries Steam. Total Victoria, B.C. — Great Britain Steam Australia " British S. Africa Sail China Steam Fiji Islands Sail... . Japan Steam. Russia " United States * United States Sail Sea Fisheries " . . . Total Westport, N.S.— United States Steam. United States Sail... . Total Weymouth, N.S. — British W. Indies Sail.... Newfoundland " Cuba " United States Steam United States Sail... . Total White Rock, B.C.— United States Steam. Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. Vessels. u c £ (2 9 > u «| n M or. e-1 © M 72 "o 72 > 73 .g C 73 73 o 73 73 o > u mS C 73 t-1 o 73 0) 73 73 o > a J C 73 0 ■& t~l to ^ C to £•§ "3 to CP > u m ^ a to PS Names. ~9 to CD > u „ 4) to 5 w £$ • « to "3 to 1 > u 9 jS §.9 10 5 1 10,143 3 168,563 3 36,940 I 6,132 5 13,440 17] 235,218 31 2t 14 1 G 1 1 1 35 10 4 1,357 1 42 129,880 155,785 51,310 3,192 20, 568 491 691 124 98,347 62,848 3,242 1,202,149 650 o,4o f Japanese. . . . 13 42,521 4 12,016 1 685 Japanese. . . . 11 34,816 2 6,008 Japanese 18 1 46,698 650 Peruvian 6 18,024 1 685 43 1 544 1 , / oy , ✓ DO 5 13 4 60 1 33 1 1,346 98 12 12,442 /y, yoo 3,708 99Q AQA 491 122,180 4,410 1,657,820 22, 255 Oil) ' . t ) ',1 I 1 1 S)( . . . . 25 Japanese. . . . 33 122,180 (Chilian. . . . (Japanese. . . ] 69 1,179 267,161 128 4QQ (\fd 1 573 9 999 9Q9 i, 5 3 90 83 8 173 1 1 3 3 33 204 219 1,202 1,131 5,026 41 7,782 150 2,957 11a— 7 98 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 14. — Statement of the Number and Tonnage of Steam Ports and Outports and Countries for which departed. Nationality British. United States. Norwegian. Austrian. Belgian. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. 18 79 17,327 77,620 48 37,011 97 94,947 48 37,011 2 1 2 169 17 2 61 196 12 713 150,784 1,130 22 2,687 1 360 6 42 5,394 986 74 5,405 254 155,544 123 12, 145 1 1,004 Windsor, N.S.— United States Steam. United States Sail... . Total. Yarmouth, N.S.— British W. Indies Sail... Newfoundland.. " .. Cuba " •■ United States Steam United States Sail... Sea Fisheries Steam Sea Fisheries Sail Total. York Factory, Man. — Newfoundland Steam. SHIPPING REPORT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a and Sailing Vessels entered Outwards for Sea, etc. — Concluded. 99 of- Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels. Tons | Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. 00 w > Tons Register. Names. Vessels. Tons Register. Vessels. Tons Register. 18 127 17,327 114,631 145 131,958 3 1 2 175 59 2 135 556 12 713 156,178 2,116 22 8,092 377 167,689 1 1,004 11a— 1\ 100 CUSTOMS DEPART.)! EXT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 ,No. 15. — Summary Statement of the Nationality of Sea-going Vessels entered Jo c 'A 1 \ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Hi 37 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 211 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Countries to which Departed. Nationality British United States Norwegian Austrian Belgian CO "o co co u m * o -2 Ph 'a CO CO V >• U CO CJ CO CO s ►> ti CO ^ ~ DO United Kingdom 986 69 19 29 60 4 1 1 3,153,287 288,071 53,395 74,278 10,565 15,360 7,029 2,749 51 18,543 188 224,835 1 4,729 Australia British South Africa 12 10,432 1 831 British Guiana. British West Indies 3 1,163 16 11,598 British Oceania other. . Bermuda 3 1,673 Gri foraltar 11 1,532 3 2 4 7 2 28,202 642,473 18,293 1,006 1,293 1,892 833 6 60 13,841 189,306 Newfoundland 44 7,309 N^ew Zealand Argentina 4 2,251 9 12,640 Azores and Madeira Canary Islands 3 2 1,795 6^384 Chili 60 18 373,585 7,234 1 1,719 Cuba 8 4 3,903 9^489 7 8,989 Franc© 270 3 711,589 10,758 7 5,066 58 100,709 10 11,824 Greece Holland 1 2,723 21 1 1 34,794 2,710 4,135 13 25,505 Italy 5 3 5 11,590 14,921 7,573 1 3,121 M oxioo 22 53,735 Panama 1 8 124 19,380 62, 848 1 1,188 1 1,411 Porto Rico 28 11 31 3,045 30, 140 2,338 7 14,421 8 25,423 St. Pierre 4 1,863 3,792 80,943 6 5,151 1,981 93,247 1 1 82 699 2,313 199,823 2 5,859 8 5,387 2,162,357 1,880 4,395 332 3,359,588 1,035,400 2 4,632 Sea, Cable and Admir- alty Total 9,891 10,042,086 7,887 2,343,820 490 894,662 26 46,690 SHIPPIX Q REPORT 10» SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a Outwards, for Sea, for each Country, during the Fiscal year ended March 31, 1917. of Vessels. Danish. French. German. Italian. Russian. Other Nationalities. Total. Vessels . 2$ Jm H-t CO CO O CO CO CO o c rn £ G CO O "H v. 93 V 1 h C co c CD '/. V 36 b 3jj *o . O M Jz; o CO n o u — o 2 ■*-> C co c°W " 9 PS CO ■«> CO CO 9 > U 09 £ t-1 o 9 219 3 899 7,633 14,555 [Brazilian. . . J Dutch } Portuguese [Swedish . . . • 2 1 1 16 466 1,597 167 14,333 1,505 69 32 29 79 4 1 1 3 40 1,647 3 20 4 7 5 2 86 26 17 1 369 3 51 22 57 5 22 1 9 in 4 28 50 76 11 3,845 2 3 10,470 343 3,544,026 288,071 64,658 74,278 23,326 15,360 7,029 2,749 1,673 131,432 843,371 18,293 23,107 1 . 293 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 22 87,407 Spanish 1 1,982 1 1,223 10 3,060 1 917 3 4,797 Swedish .... 1 1,496 1.892 15 2,628 6,384 484,469 11,137 41,475 161 855,046 10,758 95,878 60,869 197,758 7,573 53,735 124 20,568 62,848 1,951 3,045 141,396 11,972 10,094 174,271 2,037 7,700 6,132,230 1,040,628 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2.') 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 3ft 37 38 39 40 41 Japanese. . . . 25 109,165 6 1 6 22,997 ' 161 3,979 18 21,879 I 938 Dutch 15 31,918 16 46,569 Japanese. . . . 52 175,581 3 540 4 12,016 7 20,062 Japanese. . . . 13 39,334 45 9,634 Cuban 1 1,151 1 1 81 1,338 7 15,960 1 1,116 2 4,501 1 4,119 'Chilian. . . . Dutch. . Japanese. . . J Nicaraguan I Peruvian.. . Spanish Swedish . . . Uruguayan 1 4 103 4 1 1 3 4 1,179 10,627 355,221 2,069 650 2,289 3,274 4,825 3 3,348 41 47 251 163,132 80 39,936 146,110 43,533 249 757,324 18,962 14,477,293 102 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 z - C on m 3 O o-~ So 2 ►5 O So £ 525 > CO o o <* • — « to o r~ o t- ~f eor».cO'0"nN"t-*OJNO) OcfcOO-# .-I .-< CO ^ lO ^ CI © CO l^t^W 75 33 N XX ONOC5 CO Ol CO CO ri o ^< o k; o co x ro U3 ci M x o ci i- r. cn t~ r~ oa x © © co°"r~°"co"c© CO -i< C. -•■ — cqcoaoo'* So 2 >5 □ OS O CO CO 00 CO CD — o co co o O CO CJ o «5 o ■* >— i »o 1« CO CM f> CM — < CO CM CJ O CM Tt< CD t-- O CM CM X CO -O CO CO O — 00 —i CTJ CO lO t» CM -o°0 _-0 — riCO CM CM r^. o *o »-o x t» — :c ci n co co 10 c co >o N » N o -t N 3 c: ci ^ :c :c C co "O co C5 ^ phCIiO^ tCf^eD01Q03NU3^ CO © i-i oo io CO iH ocacico«x^^Xr^oc^^--;-H—;C35io COH CO > i.go'.jEci"? .so_-^n C-l = C ; .oo |s2g •jaqrans^ rnNeoT)nr)eNMCSO'HiMcoi"':ci-cO! e »° . .O % 72 A >> g - ? > o cJ O co ° fe-cpqg S CT3 c S o1 GJ O O w O OOOOW£ I C4 C* CO CO CO 09 SfJri'PWG REPORT 10 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a -H CM • 00 — CM -rfHNN m © • h* ■>»< oo (OS ■ CO -f i-H • CM 00 qoi-i *h io co O CM O 00 00 3 3 cm OOtOOl ftO(DO O CM 00 icoooi CO OS 00 ■ 00 • -* ■ o> • -* t- • t~ co • CM 00 • >o • o> • Hi SO CM • cT • • CO OJ fH 0> CO CO lONt^om CO 00 O O CM i— I iO »n CO CvftCco"o"cO CO "5 CO CM co -r co cj co >o i-h — < - » i< >a •* o o h. oo"t-T *t<"(7- CO i— t i—t co ffiOOOO NCliOCO i-iONiniN oo oo oo ^ oo co CM l> CO -H IfJ Oi i-i lO CM US CO -h CM i— i O CO CM now -f 00 -H co oo co MINN oo O CO -f 00 (ONHOrt c: ci c: o N o> uc; ci o oo -h lo i"H CM i-H CO us hh" i-T cm O CC io — cc -j" O — i CO CO 0C CO — t - rtiON I — i IQ*-— COCOCOCOlQt— t ■• r. t o o -ct< O 00 N N r-. -H -H Of~ CM O OO rH O O >o O CM CO lr~ 00 CM Tf O CO 00 CO CO -cH CM O CO CM ict* IO CO rtOiOLI CM IO CO tH OS CO CS^COOCON ■a <«kOopaot<- moooioci t-^co i-h co i-Tcm~ CO CI O O X O i j-j IC C C O - X z CM-h-h^hCMCOi-hCM — cm c-i >-o cm if: o ss LO UJ T* OO CO CO oo o: lc S3 h o oo oo CO CM CM CO co co -ct< o i-i CM U) © CO nfi 00 "S CO CM CO CM i-h —I CO CO M ih M UJ oo I-H I-H CM 1-H CO CO Hosmoci-/) CM OO CO CM i-H 00 iHinionaiiot--* re t~ co i-h oo co i—i co O OO CO ^Ji i-H CM O O0 CM o 0-s.s - oS -a fl ?» c www . so «o - M to C-2-2 Si'tS-C;2, JO t3- I- " d) oo s a 3 13 CD of . O ■13 '£ os Si £ fl O O 03.2 S fc C.2-S •s°. 03 4>- O 60Ot3 o », . CO ii P 0 § ;Q-g O O o co +3 .6* B -S -n* .SjO 03 00 ,S l< H h U ^ OOOOO — — — — ~ _ o o o £ t. a. Sh 3 co"K" S O 03 S " >>§ &° -O 00 3 ^H - » S " g 3 3 CO.— O O O'O'tf W Di W in cs1^ o s. " - c => -T w n O-S^r13 c c OS . 0) 2 »b3 S? o £ 2 c=! hhhcH> ^lOCOI^OOOO-HCOCO-H^iOOt^COOO-HNC^-H^iOO^OOOSOi-HCM nweocococoH/^if^Hi^H>^H/H/u3ioioioioioicinic)ioooooo-cc-ONt»SN 104 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 _ * -2 -* So £ •5- * So £ so g £ > X ■-- 71 T- CT. ~ Ci H tT — . — T ■* — a; itd i-i — ro c cc "3 KT3 cc g 1'3'3'e o^S.lSo SHIPPING REPORT 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a No. 16. — Summary Statement of Canadian and United States Vessels trading on Inland Waters, which arrived at Canadian ports during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. RECAPITULATION. Number of Vessels. Tons Register. Number of Crew. Canadian — Steam 13,026 875 25,788 2,139 7,697 451 341 931 9,617 072 622,010 239,914 4,387 275,494 7,693 Sail Sail Total 41,828 18,278,464 527,488 DESCRIPTION OF VESSELS. Description. Number of "Vessels. Tone Register. 36,200 2,562 52 781 18 2,215 15,380,387 1,909,753 24,383 345,926 3.166 614,849 Paddle Total 41,828 18,278,464 106 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 •~ .2 ■2- * So 2 £ > [5» cm »-c co oo co t^- co ci so tt> C5 CO CM O C)> O 15 N -f CO O >-i CO O -tf N i)i O C -)< CO U3 CM £2 tn O "Ci 60 So £ cm co >-o Tt< HOlMrt i-i CM O O CM H CM CO CM £ > OS CM CO CO OONN O OO oo t-T NNOixxocencno tH in ■<)< « N N CO CO 00 i-J" OOCOf-CM-'fCMOOCOCMCO ■rfO-^OOCC'OCMitiCMCS CM 03 O CO CO T*< O tJI CO -cH CM OS i-H CM (DtDOOTfif 00 OO CM — ( OS «5 O) ijl rH lO ->JI ^ CM CM lO CO CO -f CM « »0 CO CO CM CM CO iO CO CO CO CO »— ' CO CO oa oo coo O .A a NH HH CO t— OS OS 00 CO -* 1 CO CM CM CO OS ^t< ^ O Tt< O 00 ^ CO "5 OJHOl Tj< OS CM ij< rl co 00 co* ^ i>i-h oTco CO <-( S cj ~o i-j cam IP: — o 2:2a: ^ililiilii j 3 S ^ c3.rt.-H 3.G o— ^ iS>,e!JJ^i3oOOO : a 2a '- o o ccoudo ,3a d i W d g £ C o^ opq ^ O 3 * O O ^h^t^t-it— i^*t— <^*^H^-*< t»< CM m o -TOO • — ■ © © © 00 Tf CO XIN •"*« OS CM CO -J< o CO I— © ITS >-l CO CBihhh, O CN t^- © O 00 © © OS ©t^-*lt^O0CO-H00 co >-i © cm © oo — ' cj © © t- -- 00 lO 00 co oo m t- oo of f-T©~© oo CO ^ct* 00 CM ci 01 © © -j: o © oo © t— O0 y cc -M i - © CO t>- >— I t~ 00 •>3< CM IC 00 CO tC©~cM © >o © co 1-H UO t~ © 00 CO .-h 00 00 00 00 CM •S M O C! •-i t- oo oo t— © oo — >o 00 © CM ^ CM CO © CM CO © —I 1/5 re CN ~. © © OO i— i CO © © I-C 00 © © 00 © CO CO CO (M CO © © © CM H oo © r— -f r- © oo © co © i-H lO CM © coh oo co © — 1 r— © — 1 © © CO © CO CI U5 © © i-l CM CM CO © CM lO CM i.O CI i.O OO — « OO © X — ^©Tf'-ioooocM UO © CO ■g< t— 00 © 00 © © © © oo'co ©"i-Tui" «D © —I © co >o co T— 1 T— t *0 CM © © CO ^T1 00 © © CO CO c3 t, 0) 5 c5 eu O OO c ■£ >>n .O cj O rc> . «| Jg O 03 o O o 3C r cj -~i cjW „r - n O wO-rtla "3. c MM pad CO • O . e . 9> © O S3 «s 2J. JS. c w to hO c — i 2vo-t3 " o.— M W _i ^ S § S S S S <5 !3 ^ o O OO g o-s« -O' o°.- e fat: 1 95? o mO CO c . -.3 O O 3 oJ. c3 *a > t- c .W0 3 . O o ca fc _X . - - ■ - - ) O O O (5 3 3 .ChP^PLhOhOO o S o £ 5 o 00 t~ cm co OS oo — <* t- i-h t- r- CM PS So g 5? > •J3qiuns^ ocoo't ■ "13--tiC0O • Ci ' CO 00 M CO 00 O! ■ Tt< CM 00 t-~ OS i—l ■NCONiHCOCOO ,255 ,332 ^tTco -co — i ■ CM • cm co oo cm cm • cm r~ oo co ■ CM O • CO T* <-l CO 'OrtOOlNiO OOTOOiOlfCOONCOCO M00 00CShhOU5Ni(I oo co io co if co co co co i-l i-H i-H T)IH CM Jfi-o|oo:S|Og%gosoo§ o 31 O 4) C s-g^^^^ t^OOC350-HCMCO-^<>fJCOl^p0050-HCNCO t^t^t^.OOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCsC33C5C> SHfPPl \<; REPORT 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a tfo. 17. — Summary Statement of Canadian and United States Vessels, trading on Inland Waters, which departed from Canadian Ports during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. RECAPITULATION Number of Vessels. Tons Register. Number of Crew. Canadian — Steam 12,941 895 25,455 2,968 7,565,126 342,296 9,550,386 709,198 250,397 4,555 272,675 9,077 Sail Sail 42,259 18,167,006 536,704 DESCRIPTION OF VESSELS. Description. Number of Vessels. Tons Register. 35,764 2,560 72 938 4 2,921 15,205,108 1,880,122 30,282 371,549 75 679,870 Paddle Total 42,259 18,167,006 No. 18. — Statement showing the Description, Number and Tonnage of Cana- dian and United States Vessels trading on the Rivers and Lakes between Canada and the United States (exclusive of Ferriage), which Arrived and Departed during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. Canadian. United States. Total. "o . .a a So Tons Register. SO 3 "o . c m s» Tons Register. |s So 3 *o . o o ■e, » s v Tons Register. *o fe * SO ixrived Total 13,901 13,836 8,039,382 7,907,422 244,301 254,952 27,927 28,423 10,239,082 10,259,584 283,187 281,752 41,828 42,259 18,278,464 18,167,006 527,488 536,704 27,737 15,946,804 499,253 56,350 20,498,666 564,939 84,087 36,445,470 1,064,192 110 CUSTOMS f ) El' A It TMES T 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 O 3 O 3 r~ bO £ > oocoooi CO co CI 39 .-OONCC *^ON C-i oo cm t^r - »-i cm © CO © OO 00 -"f ^1 CM lO © CO ■-105 ©©©•"*! >OCOCl^Ht^«©CO>-IOOt— ©* tjT ©~ c" — r go* cOiOMOu5i- © <-i CO © CM © >-l CO J t^J l-^ U< l.^ s^j uu © .t»lOm00'-' CO©©t^t— 00C^"OC00O-*>O©-H©C5-tl©00C100' CM lO © CO CO CO CM ©© o oo © © i-H CO©CM© »*l .-H CMCM ,_, _ CM CO O"3co M Or1? 03 eS 5 .o ss S a h * -gag &i s 9 ct a C 0> 3 5 cS 03 cj P2P3PQ e3 c3 a> a> PQpqpoeq fl<5 OS O "O" 3 3 MM o 3 O u t-. t-. i-i pQpqpqpqpQ PQPQ "S"a"s^ be'5 3m^ o a - "3 r'. c3 c3 c3 c5 o 03 • s -s a a a K S cm cm ■ cm ■ • • 10 • co cm rtMM^WrtOO^ffl^TO^OOOiHNNONJOlO ^ S u§ Si © ",< CO 00 05 ° < i— t CM cmcnT cmco'cd to OO CM CO -*f CO -< 00 ■>*< co — co M r< M CO O rt o CM cm © © o co o r— to — < © co 3: co c- 1 o © — to CO -H © co "OccnOi-iOrtccccN ~h o m >o co iHifM00-00"->OINTl<-HrHCl'HOOrtF- I Tfl CO CO MO)>-lNrtN t-^OiOOt-tO-^COl/i 0100— ' o cc o n ^oontoo^noON 00 CO00*t- cicOrHrt © O t-H CO of-tNcicceioncitoiOfw t — o --i — 10 o <£> co m o co ■^"COCOO NrtNMN (M 00 CM <-c l« r-l -r), — -r CM ■*»< ">1< © SSoN "5 - l ~ .-CCO CO CM CO CMi-l CO ^ t-rt^H «3 j§£ 525 &8 S.5&< u - ■- 3 •a -ecu oooo 3* * 8P1-1 03 B 3 V, S.*3 m §u: o-t, t: r 5- moo CO coo i^-g 3 3 * >> - I § § 8 J573 sooooo £co _ gj O u > .00 CO £co O E 3 cS e« ojn3T3 fl O co O rrj .SCO ■ -t; -S^m'H 8.5 > sa o b >w co » » 5 i iSgg&.s.s.s.s-g 112 CUSTOMS DEPA RTMKXT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 O B P3 So i 3 CD £ > o § OHtoooic. cr. ociNccfincoioccmoiotDO rf O) CO -H 00 Ol N * ^ 00 't" M -1M rHCCr-N 1-1 .-H 60 s 3 0) lONClMNOONCl-^OO^i'NitiOrO'frtO'O'iiN^-Cl^^MCOiOHOOO OOOMUJ«Ni«C0t0ON00INOl!0N CO cN t^-CONHMOi0rHMCCCiH^OJCDM00'HOOQ0O0JNN00»0^»0 0)iO00iHT-lH0010)» mujooos ■♦hno 00 o CM CN < CO — 1 — 1 Ph O a fj^o 2 05 g to CD cj eS CD cd.« PQ §1° CD-*.TJ .02 it 0) s o i-h c3^ >n .2 CD £ ?T3 r? a ^ cd 0 M 3 ■gc? T3 O c3 o3 o M-S -Sm„-pqWo jPQ 3 sp a _ 83 OS S G G fi C (-t fc-i C Q. eS'oJ o3 ej CD bj.S.S.S O00033o3o3cu - O CD PQ :£t5 . I7O CD .5 *i -jc » - on «h c3 ^ c3 83 0(JP b !S £ ff £ §f cu cu cb cu .« Fittnwrxf; report SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a r» ic c -> ci c z CO riO?inO!CCNN( > r» t~- oo ■— i Tt* o co oi C© CN OO CC O >?C C I C I I ~ CO CN) CO OOCfNO0CO1".1 CI CI - n ro « a « oo —< as — OS >C — CM M n (O n w ?i : I ic c c o M b iMffi-oetoo-oo-'SOioiO'ryC't'/NicnmKKiso-fKKCcc-'/^^rirr-r » — — . -r o o ci • ~>^-i(M — -f o : ODNMOCtCCVTOO^lOOOJOOOONNOKS Cl^CMa>r~00^^OClOCCCCCCts-Tf<05i > O o >ri O re «.o "COCMf ~. O ?1 K O K I?! 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ro >— 1 m ci ro © ci © ic x m x © —> -P © © ceo © co © © cj 01 r— co © co 10 © cc ifi ro x 1- © © © co 01 -p -p m © co m « ^ c f '/ 'C 10 o h « n h n ci n t fi n co ^p © co © co cm © © tp co © i-H © © co co cm © -*p in > > sinrri \ g REPORl 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 11a — O oo-hco«oo (MO 00«M -r — c x KCl 3: «0 coco a: — < ce -r r r ~ ~ ~ -~ i~ ~. t~ ~ v s i- t c - :i -r t ci x — — ;r c; cj; — cr. pa 3 £5 3 2 1 -3 -3 .2 > S in » s i- f ic ei o ~. ~ z; — -f o t- co ce ;c o-. — x x ci - ait im" cn — " o* oo — " S«i5U5ttX3 f t - O CI n M D i!5 ?1 - ^ t X - X M l« l> CO -h io s oi ci <-i ^< a, ^0 _ GO CQ2 § — — CO X'WNClOX'H O ^ — CM x'OxcimoNtsMoax CCCSTI*- — — — 35 0C1C10 1' S DO ' 20 23 2; i^Q a S> sSbrOO - w — ti 5 i St: g i- c n n zi S (f = i_ — 'JVC 116 CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 '53 w o ^2 DD □ 3 55 r?"3> i~ ca «o co cco-H-Nom 21 c "S O H CM CM -cf © ffl K CO fi TO M O i-iCOW^j* hOI CM P n 73 c ° •« c-HCiomooooiO'.'jmoih.oci — os — cm co oi — — 1-0 co i~ -h UO CO •-! 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S 55 2 S e3^ e« A- ^ u of g S.o | 33 DE H-a r/> , — I 3 — K5CK 03 55 CO 3 . c3 c3 6C BHIPP1 VQ REPORT I SL53IONAL PAPER No. lid >rs c-i to M 33 OI CO — OS CM CO 00 00 I - S CO 01 CM O C1300«OONCa*lOO>U5«N100iNNO>l»NM'-C<3 o 01 01 ci fMi--c/i- c:i-'MCtc'C 01 — — -r C) 00 -f O >-0 >C C3 — 03 — < OO O .H — O — oi 0 >c oo is '0 o a co i — f i- i~ co i~ 'O i^ 01 iro oi oo -t t - r: c f -/: i> N o cs —"CM O CM CO — CO -hoco t- CM O CM — I t- 031150301 — i IS CO 00 CM CO l-I — Olt— 33 cm co >o in — < is rf r~ oo oi — 31 oc oo — cm oc — oo t» oo r- oi is t» x oi oo ~r s: — co o co CM 00 O O "CrOO"-<''*>COCOOCM03»/001»C — i CM co oi" oi ooo CO — ; co o cm o i 'O-ioi-ooix-cioi os cc os oe i- or -f lo — r^- co — oo oo — oi oo oi oo t 1 ~ oo co a co is co o i co -r o i oi — OHOOt-OO — — t-^mMOCCfOMOlt-MKCCX cm" coT cm" os" oi -r — i -f co ies cm oo co — • -* — < CO NfJOOOlU oo ^t< o -r oo o oi — i - co -t- co is oi «o 3: 00 co 3: O cccs^nncoosO'^N-inrHO'tMOoio^iHioc-icio oco -o< o — co -r — r^3-- on cm 003: — toi rtr-C CO CM CO OI IS — OI co co co O1N00X OI 00 CO CM CM CO CO — < 01 CO »0 00 CO IS 33 O0 O CO 00 31 — , ICS — 1 IS CM — • OI "0 — thOIN 1-1 i-< oc 01 >c co 01 co v co t >-o 1- — to co 1 co oi -f cr oi -f v: 01 co — • — • oc cm co 01 co is oi ^< cm-* coo ooco —1 oi-oci>Nmc MCI CO IS CM - co o o co 01 — CONNOC5IO 00 — < — CM OJ — ■ CM Tt<"t^33 is r— — < CO 832 8,168 3,111 685 71 82, 182 2,724 20,891 6,126 2,473 1,801 586 33l! 820 2,408 2.227 29,210 lO-fCICC f -f 31 01 oc -0 0 OI or OI "0 -r co CO 01 y 00 rf I— C03 OI 1 - 0 1 CO CO — "3* — > t— CO I- CO O O J O T IS ^COiOC^C01>010c>0 01COOO»^OOlCC73COC3r^oO>OC73CO CM CM --WOO t»< 00 CO-* 00 t> CMCOlft OI CO 0 * coot-oi-- CO Si Ol O MM ■- 'CM t— 03 OCO O) OI —< 33 -r 1.0 10 -f or 1. 10 CO 0 1 — t 1 • :". — Tf t — P — 0 - • .r OA m 0 — 00 r- co cm Nifl 0 — —1 ,-( .1 CO »-H O —4 — 1 •-< ».S.g -MS „■ o-t o S : . : i^35. ■n f- 8 .a ' ■'•V si !53 § = v ■ .S — .^M 01 rt CO *? 1: m S5 B' o c o c o o o — : " " ^, p; ~ ~ 3 o 5- ~ X ^ 0: s 3 - 000 SjSsSS - x :"o5_of -- > o o 118 Cl STOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 £ > - - * = 2: PS z > : /: - 7C:: -r-:::n /r.-/-:i — -* so os t- 33 -f — — iffN-tooM N — ~ i£ SO — • t-- 5) O M 00 33 f~ S ~ OC 33 ' s O i.~ o-. .-. it i- i - i - -r — a: i- -r -? ~i os — i — — CP CI i rr r- so cf eg 1) ~ > a •_• 3 PS o t o oi o m t cc — v> x - x o x o m r: C — C t C M S ^ ^ ^ X — O w^xot- xdm Si :£ iss '~ 2 t- >s sc a; as js ■— « -h irj : i - ; :• - - i - c s t o 3 -r c i ::!•/.- n c x x c. c - i» is o cc - a ?i is 3-. to r~ as os -* — so — rs - is si is 'S t - a 3 x x :s t - c tf3 OS ss N cs sc os os S) f N X LS M t 1 N -o iN M a to -i M ci x -r o. 'O ^ e c * el PS — i si os — ' os ci ■ s i — s i n x f si tJI :s r, ss DO • so os p i e i . -as a; i< » o ^ » 6^ » s ei 3 H "u U *tj t- 1^ o o o o o PhPhP^PhP*! ■g ji-g O 3 si .5:0 5- — ' 9 oi ? k :S ~ o> .S M <2 "3 O O u, u 3 3 v- Ph^PhP-PhO'PS Zx PS PS -d aJOS P £ > 2 >> > 3 Vj c3 C3 33 - X I 'I . P-O C s; o -« 5 3 u OS oS X X X X lTo?£Q « |zZ; Sf^ Q »-s55 S> — i CN «5 iN»iO« « 0>C>lMNM00 CO © CO OO IHi-iaMHNddUJrHO) i (~ Oi inoNnsoi'Ooo^'oo — ".O Ci s cn io oo co «3 o? CM — ' —i os oo oo "* s. us r: ON oa cc — ■ cr -r EC >o «c cc COW-iiOO) — CNO0r~ — ' © CM — OO T- cm © -* o o — — CO CN rtN CO M 3 O) N O M N W (M BOO- - t : n- oo eo r~ 'O cm 'O i»t>. mio co cn co ro *r t~- OCi 1-1 CN -V —< © l~ * — I O CN CN -f © CO © 1^ CO i— i © 00 -cC — © CO CO © PQ C m fflW - L — 0/ es s c ™ s ~ 3 02 CD »|_| — . : r — MVS 5,3 £ g £ »3s d fi o -o-S £ wife => »-< !C<< a = CO >> E — / OH- - — 9 h 12o CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 19. — STATEMENT of Vessels, British and Foreign, employed in the Coasting Trade, etc. — Continued. RECAPITULATION. Steamers. Sailing Vessels. Total. Num- ber of Vessels Tonnage. Crew Number. Num- ber of Vessels . Tonnage. Crew Number. Num- ber of Vessels. Tonnage. Crew Number. Arrived — British Foreign 65,840 391 29,433,729 299,883 1,304,873 7,142 17,161 418 3,260,636 79,144 65,247 3,257 83,007 809 32,694,365 379,027 1,370,120 10,399 Total . 66,237 29,733,612 1,312,015 17,579 3,339,780 68,504 83,816 33,073,392 1,380,519 Departed — British Foreign 62,500 260 28,411,647 118,383 1,242,047 3,742 17,507 376 3,204,652 87,548 64,303 3,184 80,007 636 31,616,299 205,931 1,306,350 6,926 Total. . 62,760 28,530,030 1,245,789 17,883 3,292,200 67,487 80,643 31,822,230 1,313,276 No. 19. — Statement of Vessels, British and Foreign, employed in the Coasting Trade, etc. — Concluded. DESCRIPTION OF VESSELS. Arrived. Departed. Total. Number of Vessels. Tonnage. Number of Vessels. Tonnage. Number of Vessels. Tonnage. Steamers — Paddle Total, steamers Sailing vessels — Ships 59,680 5,057 1,500 24,881,708 4,091,234 760,670 56,569 4,703 1,488 23,745,239 4,005,904 778,887 116,249 9,760 2,988 48,626,947 8,097,138 1,539,557 66,237 29,733,612 62,760 28,530,030 128,997 58,263,642 38 932 10 1 13,347 359 2,892 22,006 781,548 3,529 144 893,573 29,390 1,609,590 26 934 11 2 13,665 385 2,860 14,478 787,368 3,413 397 881,517 24,877 1,580,150 64 1,866 21 3 27,012 744 5,752 36,484 1,568,916 6,942 541 1,775,090 54,267 3,189,740 17,579 3,339,780 17,883 3,292,200 35,462 6,631,980 83,816 33,073,392 80,643 31,822,230 164,459 04,895,622 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1918 REPORTS, RETURNS AND STATISTICS OF THE INLAND REVENUES OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31 19 17 PART I— EXCISE PRINTED BY' ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA J. de LABROQUERIE TACHft PRINTKR TO THE KING'S -MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1917 [No. 12—1918] 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1918 To His Excellency the Duke of Devonshire, K.G., P.C, G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., etc., etc., Governor General and Commander in Chief of the Dominion of Canada. May it please Your Excellency: I have the honour to transmit to Your Excellency the Returns and Statis- tics of Inland Revenue of the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended March 31, 1917, as prepared and laid before me by the Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. All of which is respectfully submitted. ALBERT SEVIGNY, Minister of Inland Revenue. 12-U 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1918 CONTENTS Pages. REPORT of the Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue, for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. i to xxvi Financial Statements, as detailed below 1 to 67 Statistics (Appendix A) 70 to 1 16 Expenditures, etc. ( Appendix 13) 117 to 189 Index, Alphabetical r Vide end. FINANCIAL 18 (o) 18 (/,) 19 (a) 19 [b) 20 21 22 23 24 GENERAL Revenues Account— Showing amount of Revenues accrued and collected frDin all sources during the year ended March 31, 1917 j General Expenditures Account — Showing the cost of collecting the above Kxcise Collection Divisions— In account with Revenues War Tax Collection Divisions— In account with Revenues Collection Divisions n n Expenditures.....' Colleciion Divisions— In account with War Tax Expenditures Preventive Service— Expenditures account Preventive Service — Weights and Measures — Expenditures account. ... Food Inspection .. « Bill. Stamps — Distributors of — In account with Inland Revenue Department Law Stamps n « Sundry Minor Revenues Su v dry Minor Expenditures ; Ferries — Lessees, etc., of — In account with Revenue Comparative Statement of Excisable Articles taken for consumption, during the yeai ended March 31, 1915, and the years ended March 31, 1916 and 1917, respectively, . . Statement showing the amounts deposited monthly (by Inland Revenue Officers and others) to the credit of the Honourable the Receiver General on account of each ot the above Revenues, respectively Comparative Monthly Statement of Excise Revenues accrued— Showing increase or decrease of Revenues yielded by each article, respectively, during each month as com- pared with the respecti ve period of the previous year Refunds — Statement of — Showing names of party to whom, and under what authority, duties were refunded Departmental Expenditures — Showing Expenditures on account of the Inside Service of the Department Weights and Measures, Gas, Electric Light and Law Stamps— Statement showing Revenue accrued Weights and Measures— Inspection Divisions -In account with Revenues Old ,. n ii Inspection Divisions — In account with Expenditures Old „ „ „ Gas Inspection Districts— In account with Revenues ii n ii Expenditures Electric Light Inspection Districts— In account with Revenues H n H Expenditures Statement showing the amounts voted, and the Expenditures authorized, for each Service for 1916-1917 Statement showing the transactions in connection with the manufacture of Methylated Spirits vi INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 STATISTICS — (Appendix A). EXCISE Spirits. Malt. Malt Liquor. Manufactured Tobacco. Raw Leaf Tobacco. Canada Twist Tobacco. Cigars. Petroleum. 3 a a; .5 -O o a cj o Pge ioe 108 '3 3 — OP ~5E S r c c C3 - >- r- *a to ~ feO • 3 t£ c m O g — s a u x ■ Z. " ~ 3 3 3 .3 tx >. £ h ^ to f> O — ,£2 — < CJ 00 >-c 1H REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Ci CM CM oo «o cm C3 Oi O «"3 o § ■ . .2 lO CM CO - 83 - ~ 1. CO CS CM o «o m CM — c ira >-i m 10 *o co — < co i^- > cu O 5 M . o c w ^ C u J §42 O a 5) O O. 3 p < s a b-S — - •- xiv INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1913 Cigars. — The following statement shows the transactions in Cigars during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1917, and the four preceding fiscal years: — Fiscal Years. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 In Ware- house at beginning of year, including, transits. Manu- factured during the year. Assess- ments to bring produc- tion up to Standard Taken for Consump- tion. Ex- port- ed. Other- wise- account- ed for. In Ware- house at end of year, including transits. Revenue accrued, including License Fees. 1912- 1913 1913- 1914 No. 21,940,450 25,281,222 28,762,166 19,302,025 No. 297,762,383 291,359,173 226,147,875 209,628,956 No. 383,922 349,188 1,304,626 207,672 No. 294,772,933 288,219,892 236,866,542 207,647,808 No. 10,100 7,525 16, 100 11,225 No. 22,500 No. 25,281,222 28,762,166 19,302,025 20,854,795 $ 602,269 588,935 625,905 635,158 1914- 1915 1915- 1916 Totals Average 1916- 1917 30,000 624,925 95,285,863 1,024,898,387 2,245,408 1,027,507,175 44,950 677,425 94,200,208 2,452,267 23,821,466 256,224,597 561,352 256,876,794 11,237 159,356 23,550,052 613,067 20,854,795 237,647,769 658,938 239,752,252 21,975 2,127,395 17,258,880 730,215 The revenues derived from goods manufactured in bond during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1917, and the four preceding fiscal years, were as follows : — 1912-1913 $ 91,460 • 1913-1914 92,160 1914- 1915 94,904 1915- 1916 "... 105,812 1916- 1917 110,409 Acetic Acid. — The revenues derived from Acetic Acid during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1917, and the four preceding fiscal years, wrere as follows: — 1912- 1913 $ 10,526 1913- 1914 11,413 1914- 1915 7,255 1915- 1916 8,250 1916- 1917 0. 8,049 Inspection of Petroleum. — The quantity of Petroleum and Naphtha inspected during the fiscal year was as follows: — Galls. Petroleum 35,836,338 Naphtha 40,982,270 Total 76,818,608 Weights and Measures, Gas and Electric Light. — The usual special reports in relation to these Services have been prepared, containing all statistical infor- mation. The aggregate revenues accrued from these Services were $257,250.13, the cost of the three Services being $296,305.56. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER XV SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 i Prevention of Adulteration of Food and Agricidtural Fertilizers. — The usual supplementary report in relation to this Service will be submitted, and the report of the Chief Analyst. Methylated Spirits. — The quantity of methylated spirits manufactured during the fiscal year was 296,929.31 proof gallons, and the sales 298,378.75 proof gallons. A statement of details appears on pages 66, 67, and 116. The price of this denatured alcohol is practically the actual cost of manu- facture, and has been following varying prices on account of the constantly increasing cost of alcohols and naphtha : — On and after the 14th January, 1917, the prices of methylated spirits have been as follows : — Grade No. 1 " Standard " and grade No. 1 " Benzine " when consigned to points East of Winnipeg, or West of, and including Quebec, 95c. per Imperial gallon ; when consigned to points beyond Quebec and Winnipeg, the latter inclusive, 93c. per Imperial gallon. Grade No. 2 " Standard " 95c. per Imperial gallon. On and after the 27th February, 1917, the prices of methylated spirits have been as follows : — Grade No. 1 " Standard " and grade No. 1 " Benzine " when consigned to points East of Winnipeg, or West of, and including Quebec, $1.10 per Imperial gallon ; when consigned to points beyond Quebec and Winnipeg, the latter inclusive, $1.08 per Imperial gallon. Grade No. 2 " Standard " $1.10 per Imperial gallon. On and after the 27th April, 1917, the prices of methylated spirits have been as follows : — Grade No. 1 "Standard" and grade No. 1 "Benzine " when consigned to . points East of Winnipeg, or West of, and including Quebec, $1.25 per Imperial i gallon ; when consigned to points beyond Quebec and Winnipeg, the latter inclusive, $1.23 per Imperial gallon. Grade No. 2 " Standard " $1.25 per Imperial gallon. Appendix A shows the consumption of, and revenues derived annually, from spirits, tobacco, and other goods subject to Excise, and of similar goods subject to duties of Customs, per head of the population of the Dominion. Appendix B contains, as usual, the details concerning illicit stills seized j during the year. Appendix C shows the amount of Excise Revenues collected at each out office and under various headings, separately. I — • I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, J. U.. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX A. Table showing the Annual Consumption, per head, of the undermentioned articles, paying Excise and Customs Duties, and Revenue, per head, derived annually. Dominion of Canada. V e . Quantity. Duty. Spirits. Beer. Wines. Tobacco. Petroleum . Spirits. Beer. Wines. Tobacco. Petroleum. Galls. Galls. Galls. Lbs. Galls. $ $ $ $ $ 1 CfiQ 1-124 2-290 •115 1-755 •575 •761 •092 •037 •193 •041 1 c7n 1-434 2-163 •195 2 - 190 1103 •962 •085 •049 •259 •061 1 871 1-578 2-490 •259 2-052 1-591 1-059 •095 •056 •336 •077 1 C79 1-723 2-774 ■257 2-481 1-302 1 • 160 • 108 •070 •422 •076 1 Q7*2 1-682 3-188 ■238 ' 1-999 1-387 1135 •120 •066 •350 •084 1 074 1-994 3012 •288 2-566 1-618 1-363 •119 •086 •442 •103 107; 1-394 3-091 • 149 1-995 1-589 1127 •114 •069 •428 •098 1 Q7fi 1-204 2-454 •177 2-316 1-360 1-182 •098 •075 •513 •105 1 C77 -975 2-322 •096 2-051 1103 •949 •109 ■057 •446 •084 1 Q7S •960 2-169 •096 1-976 ■927 •147 ■052 •439 1 C7Q 1 • 131 2-209 • 104 1 • 954 1-005 •125 •057 •449 1 Qfifi •715 2-248 •077 1-036 •772 •081 •055 •428 1SS1 •922 2 • 293 •099 2-935 •990 •081 •073 •443 1 QO 1-009 2-747 ■ 120 2 - 150 1-084 •098 •092 ■485 1 CS*? 1 -090 •988 2-882 • 135 2-280 1-186 • 103 •097 •473 1 QS2A 2-924 •117 2-476 1074 •104 •082 •365 10QC 1-126 2-639 •109 2-623 1-198 •111 •074 •393 1 v < ( ". •711 2-839 • 110 2-052 1 -007 •091 •074 • 502 1 OS27 •746 3 084 •095 2-062 1-045 • 100 •066 •514 •645 3-247 •094 2-093 •944 •110 •Q66 •509 1 OGO •776 3-263 •097 1-953 1107 •114 •068 ■529 •883 3-360 •104 2-043 1-257 •121 •072 •539 •745 3-790 •111 2-292 1094 •137 ■080 •590 1 QQ*> ■701 3-516 ■101 2-291 1156 •211 •075 •680 •740 3-485 •094 2-314 1-235 ■218 •070 ■691 •742 3-722 •089 2-264 1-235 •205 •060 •683 1 QO£ •666 3-471 •090 2163 1-124 •161 •056 •645 •623 3-528 •070 2-120 1159 •164 •047 •639 •723 3-469 •084 2-248 1-341 •213 •041 ■671 •536 3-808 •082 2-358 1-306 •126 •041 •615 •661 3-995 •086 2-174 1-367 ■174 •045 •841 •701 4-364 •085 2-300 1-455 •185 •044 •853 •757 4-680 •099 2-375 1-574 ■195 •047 •864 1902 ■786 5-035 •090 2-371 1-631 •211 •048 ■902 •848 4-592 •094 2-483 1-766 •200 •049 967 •917 •895 4-739 5 123 •092 •093 2-664 2-768 1-913 •217 •043 1 005 1905 1-898 •214 •049 1 036 1906 •898 5-484 •095 2-898 1-879 ■238 •052 1 100 *1907 (nine months) •977 5-765 •095 3-048 2-035 •257 •054 1 317 1908 •939 6-146 •102 3-066 1-965 ■268 •057 1 194 1909 ■860 •883 5-708 •091 3-105 1-794 •241 •050 1 101 1910 5-713 •105 3-183 1-843 •242 -057 1 059 1911 •948 5-999 •114 3-323 1-988 •257 •059 1 1.57 1912 1030 6-598 •114 3-679 2-170 •288 ■063 1 336 1913 1112 7-005 •131 3-818 2-340 •320 •076 1 462 1914 1061 7-200 •124 3-711 2-249 •328 •069 1 438 1915 • •872 6 071 •095 3-427 2-086 •379 •051 1 361 1916 •745 4-950 •062 3-329 1-951 •362 •033 1 454 1917 •698 4-188 ■061 3-330 1-788 •304 • -033 1 520 Average •958 3-915 ■116 2-478 1-401 •176 •060 748 L'liroRT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER XVI SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 3 0> 2 03 U ^ CO o o o o •o o o o 5^ > f-i h o .2 § £ 5 3 0 JOS c3 U>M I*- .a Ill 3* 1-8 S § o PQ H§ tj .a _, .£ •* fa CO E O O "5 O O O O O O O O 0) c3 3 £ -3 '3 : k j -4^ +-< WcCCOCCCCCG c3-Q O S rf? 3 O « NUCOO 3 %>> M > O.— 3 0 lO 00 i— 1 c3i pi a co 12—2 I— I 0 CO 5 < £0 h Q w p H Q S <1 53 xviii INLAND REVENUES ooinnw con 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 00 Cfl-HOO-.COIMC<5«NC<5WNiO tomnco: oicic.cociocMi) lO "O M ID M N H c-i -r ih i e3 H ■r! -p 6 cu fl to u ti ft O -> O 5 h coHi5! C o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o lO »C lO O "5 © O c3 o o c3 §0-3 S-g g^-S^l o w o h 8 03 g -T3 — ' CP -2 £ S a .a o ~ « O g 5 e « REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER XIX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 00 Oi MCCNONOOWiO O) 00 "5 O f CO 00 ID O N co ci ci 10 x 10 S} co co —1 ci Tf< OS co 1 ci o> —1 ci CO CI "O to' -t CO 01iOOflCIOO")>0«5 0100 0XDNOU5U5U5N I oi r-Tco" tO CI -H -f< IC O) W N Ol CO t— 00 CO O -t< ~h i/5 >-i CO O 00 00 <-H t~^ci 00" CO OJ CO co «o 01 -t< 00"C5 "lOfnooc ci o -r i- ci o O0 00 iH f f O Ci CI »C CI CI CO CCOOKf! OOiOOnO 00 CI CO CO o to O <— CO CO O —I IO N O « M CO* l-H O O to CI to ^ >0 CO O «C O — I M5 Q O HOtl-CIO o o o > — c. co o c ic ci «; 115 00 Cl CO — 1 to o 1-1 co e 1 co co O f O 03 o to O o to cTi-T s Ol Tt- CO OlOH H00O IO O cf C5 Ci OJNIMON T-H t*- IO HO to">-riO co"o0 CO CI lO 000000 000000 00000 00000 100 1000 * o M c3 b O ~* §"3.3 • CD >> !.SPQ a faO 3^3 £ 3 is oS — ^ a-* ~ y ,« « * C O « h oi O O ^LSijL"^ o. 3 to _ g fe - E s X ~ 12—2* XX INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 CJ -f » O f l>. CO MM 3>N O OO CO CD t~ »H CO —H OS CO CI oo oo •j- -- O v CO CM CO §3.3 § U5 O OS CO CI oo VI A ' i M . 1 < . n , 1 t . -r rr m rr> UZ rr< 0) o "3 .5:3 !»SoSSOSCI?'v'-mSCJhT. vi x x x x x O a: x co > O fa REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 30,502 78 15,597 69 1,803 11 37,432 90 562,639 05 9,400 00 255 80 2,118 96 if5 . 00 • o ■ CM • cncoficim-HiOrtooo • CMOMIOSCOCOCOM • oo i-nnMiocccsoiao • r-T IQ — " t»J —« '. co co • 604 11 721 40 1,344 99 344 13 •: 00 0)0«CCD — O»CO"0 • ©COCOCOcM"3CO»C — too • •"Hcoos-Hcot^ocoiocoio ■ co c- as t- -f r- — i ci «5 — • CD i-i CO CM iO CO CO O CO CO • * \ o • CD ■ CM ■ 432 78 1,529 08 71 96 CO ■ CO • 00 • lO . CM ■ 13,192 86 153 18 203 58 55 89 9,289 20 318 00 o 00 CO CO • 12,372 50 562 80 204 54 14 00 551,570 77 9,350 00 205 80 j 4,111 60 1 1 130 48 206 50 4,230 71 13,960 31 36,486 10 2,068 96 86 19 37,249 67 29,960 46 100 00 200 00 50 00 100 00 250 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 200 00 j i * e • e ; < •*i • t ■ c :C i < > 3 !j 0 D 9 > ■ c • i > 2 ; : « . c ;.- i D V; • « p - 3 ~ ?! : ( 0 < ■ B J I a • : 2 ! - : 3 1 Si it 5 ; i • t *. I • : 9 ' 5 "! 3 5 ! s c - 3^ 6 3 H I . c ; < 5r' 6 i 3 ( ] c : < J z a •: . c . S . i : i - < i t f 5.- Q £ ) 5 - * r ■ u 3i :- : 4 n b 3 3 5 :^ : ! h -J « : 3 < li n • t : c j t sj 3 l i ; 16 3 - >> > •> : c • & "S & Is 3 J 03 oqH CC — Pl, xxii INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Totals. CO +5 O 1,785 01 80 186 95 19,370 34 5,447 37 31,125 48 238 52 War Tax. m u (a> :::::::::: : 14,913 66 3,436 96 1,592 37 584 89 12 00 Electric Light Inspec- tion Fees. oi ** :::•:::::::::::: © ©■■;•;; Other Receipts. $ cts. 719 43 Manu- factures in Bond. $ cts. 00 ZOl'l Cigars. cfi O : 4,143 30 148 12 8,662 10 Tobacco . $ cts. 9,792 16 36 40 21,449 38 Malt. $ cts. 513 54 15,151 53 9,300 00 3,780 00 Malt Liquor. «*!> Spirits. CO i o :::#:::::::::::: - 1>. - -co ■ - ~h -cm Tj< -00 • • • oo • • ■ »h US '.^ '.-M 't~ ■■ - -, g c CO 00 o CO 00 OlO) c-i co 3 C. 00O"5Q co os co >o © co 1/3 o "5 CD co oo »o co M H CO Ol 00NOO) CIMKN - 3 oi e or m c !2 ' tT3 O O c - 5T3 £ O I. rtOi(oconroNooaocc?i-H »0 00 CM 00 »C "O — OS © CO CO CSOOOOOOOCOCOCO© oc o — « o cm c~ co oo eo ■ CO CO ■* OS CM oo CM CO © >o o o o O CS O O CM OONXON © CO "—i CM 00 >-( CO ©LO ©©©©©©©© ©CMiO*OiO»OiO»C»0»0 CM CO i-h .-( CM eg s ■ : c. c o . e e s. (j e o ' C_C_S£ > a < 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1918 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, 1916-1917 FINANCIAL RETURNS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 C3 3 CD _-i . " o Q -2 ~ t.. CO C 2 O 0 S rh 4) • H*S 3 2 O ^ P3 cd-*2 O f I i(! 00 O -f ■+ '■ ■ - 00 i-l Tf CSC t- 00 IQ — *f — < 03 00 CM CO CM rf co ic I— 53 2 CM CM _: ooicooo u — i r-- t~- o 55 iC CD ^ ci co »c r~ 00 — ' O0 CJS co o oo 42 Sua U i— i CO CO CO CO 6* "S g 6 - 2 ^ ■ I 00, a ■gCO CD « * I « fl 1 1 O S C! cp - co .3 co o » 3 t I d »3h S.^ £ '£> E 2 2 cn 02 r. (u +-> « 3 C3 ft c2 . >j S.-y o o IS .. ti >-r> o •J*~<3+> m q, so a ? -h a Is « & >-* £ S§ -2 § t^t^COT-^rtO^TtlcMO Clt-NNOmcOrHOOIN OiN>OCO^Tt CO r+ «-i » 00 i-H 00 <-" -* t~ 35 4 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Dr. No. 2.— GENERAL EXPENDITURES FOR Balances due to Collec- tors, etc. April 1, 1916. Expenditures Authorized by the Department. Balances due by Collec- tors, etc. March 31, 1917. Totals. Services. Salaries. Contin- gencies. Seiz- ures. $ cts. 49 08 $ cts. 492,591 20 $ cts. 190,886 34 $ cts. 615 28 7,571 00 $ cts. 343 98 % cts. 684,485 88 7,571 00 96,754 51 41,523 07 1,272 93 154,776 18 188,090 30 61,949 00 46,485 54 154,788 74 43,095 25 Excise and Seizures per Statement No. 4. Excise seizures, distributed per Appendix B. Stat. No. 2. Preventive service per Statement No. 5. Adulteration of Food per State- ment No. 6 and Appendix B. No. 4. Sundry Minor Expenditures per Statement No. 10. Department Expenditures per Statement No. 16. Weights and Measures per State- ment No. 19a. Gas Inspection per Statement No. 21. Electric Light Inspection per State- ment No. 23. Methylated Spirits per Statement No. 25. War Tax per Statement No. 4a. Totals 84,999 59 O,0oZ oi 135,431 97 109,951 11 47,426 58 19,542 54 11,754 92 o / , yyu l\j 1,272 93 19,327 55 78,135 49 14,309 54 26,940 30 154,788 74 43,095 25 16 66 3 70 212 88 2 70 51 78 893,475 86 578,501 26 8,186 28 577 22 1,480,792 40 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. FINANCIAL RETURNS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 1917. 5 Cr. Balances due by Collec- tors, etc. April 1, 1916. Amount disbursed by Rec. General on requisition of the Depart- ment. Deductions from Salaries. Annuities. Balances due to Collec- tors, etc., March 31, 1917. Totals. Superan- nuation. Insurance. Retirement. Gua- rantee. $ cts. 343 98 $ cts. 660,001 43 7,571 00 96,675 20 41,494 73 1,272 93 148,216 66 187,447 34 61,524 53 46,418 71 154,788 74 43,095 25 $ cts. 3,226 78 $ cts. 3,932 85 $ cts. 15,470 35 $ cts. 1,321 01 $ cts. 140 40 $ cts. 49 08 S cts. 684,485 88 7,571 00 96,754 51 41,523 07 1,272 93 154,776 18 188,090 30 61,949 00 46,485 54 154,788 74 4.3,095 25 79 31 14 42 13 92 16 66 3 70 212 88 494 86 155 28 13 80 1 92 1,214 07 243 16 4,833 93 240 82 107 79 52 25 90 00 9 96 2 70 577 22 1,448,506 52 3,906 56 5,400 04 20,394 28 1,815 60 140 40 51 78 1,480,792 40 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 6 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 EXCISE No. 3. — Collection Divisions Amount accrued during Year, including License Fees. caianees due April 1 , 1916. Spirits. Malt Liquor. Malt. Tobacco. Cigars. Acetic Acid. Bonded Manu- factures. Seizures. $ cts. 0 50 112 61 S cts. 146, 137 75 30,999 47 262,596 82 270,115 48 41,550 88 20, 160 94 372,791 47 $ cts. 50 00 50 00 454 95 100 00 100 00 200 00 100 00 200 00 50 00 50 00 150 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 400 00 100 00 $ cts. 99,674 40 7,692 12 131,578 63 71,004 86 5,625 93 64,869 49 24,711 90 10,190 94 34,200 00 7,890 00 20,516 94 48,214 35 26,749 50 3,999 99 303,121 15 60,800 00 S cts. 370 38 6,704 60 2, 184 00 754,402 06 10,638 74 166,488 96 23 60 5,551 72 $ cts. 311 00 6,378 85 3,715 16 47,345 89 7,464 87 90,488 35 $ cts. 8 cts. - $ cts. 2,618 37 50 00 6,900 22 3,667 77 3 50 5 00 50,00 760 00 25 00 304 00 2,666 15 222 36 355 98 3,228 54 600 00 137,244 40 2,446 67 158,997 77 145,635 73 8,834 51 27,528 36 1,113,586 61 509,799 39 380 24 753 36 1,688 12 5,252 57 109,636 69 30,284 13 1,111 60 3,352 15 300 00 245 00 2,724 44 51,610 48 20,955 54 50 00 43,829 54 9,245 70 10 00 50 00 522 89 636 00 3,248,426 25 2,304 95 920,840 20 1,094,359 17 238,702 82 50 00 70,490 14 1,402 50 1,036 08 739 98 28,315 67 3,213,246 45 690,464 99 190,809 09 172,265 16 1,700 27 13,013 35 8,820,066 86 532,863 60 569,485 89 46,139 87 11,095 16 22,380 43 364,002 16 16,035 11 21,897 00 20,863 56 2,182 53 48,70 4,223 56 945 00 50 00 661 90 100 00 28,438 95 150 00 50 00 842,451 52 57,781 59 16,910 25 5,256 00 3,040 80 7,999 39 9,887 69 5,383 04 300 00 300 00 54 27 3,295 57 50 00 5,125 90 4,296,801 63 28,688 95 925,440 16 9,992,664 73 ,447,360 79 7,999 39 15,870 73 6,029 16 287,037 62 100 00 27,693 48 2,029 04 5,533 60 1,679 08 200 00 1,442 62 1,442 62 287,037 62 100 00 27,693 48 2,029 04 5,533 60 1,679 08 200 00 30,016 35 67,210 13 150 00 59,373 00 6,529 50 957 73 2,446 54 512 45 50 00 120 00 5,860 50 5,860 50 97,226 48 150 00 59,373 00 7,487 23 2,958 99 170 00 24,734 32 876,909 36 4,254 10 100,489 38 5,443 00 7,322 68 14,685 04 200 00 5,563 99 78,382 34 350 00 104,162 21 32,604 50 14,450 07 7,169 01 368, 140 41 428 75 23,527 83 157 08 133 01 FINANCIAL RETURNS 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 1916-17 in Account with Revenues. Sundries. Total Duties Accrued. Total Debits. Divisions. Deposited to the Credit of Receiver General. Balances due March 31, 1917. Total Credits. S cts. 2,163 27 704 21 6,779 06 3,223 26 916 62 508 40 498 50 652 00 2,273 46 138 60 550 00 1,963 00 108 10 121 05 33,003 56 1 Q f\OA OA 10,0.44 oU $ cts. 248,706 80 55,151 12 407,363 62 1,153,141 77 ftn t\C4 Q1 342,716 14 OAO OQK A1 398,000 4/ 22,514 35 174,894 22 11,261 49 180,214 71 198,323 04 40,832 38 39,786 41 1,655,238 03 ft A a OAA Aft $ cts. 248,707 30 55,263 73 407,363 62 1,153,141 77 oy,yo4 oi 342,716 14 OAQ OQ£ A 7 o9o,ooo It 22,514 35 174,894 22 11,261 49 180,214 71 198,323 04 40,832 38 39,786 41 1,655,238 03 CIA OAA Aft 049, iuy Ut) 522 89 . .Belleville....'. . .Perth . . Peterborough . .Port Arthur . .St. Catharines Stratford Toronto $ cts. 248,707 30 55,151 12 407,363 62 1,153,141 77 fiO QfU SI 342,716 14 O.Q8 88=; 4.7 Oao , ooo *x / 22,514 35 174,894 22 11,261 49 180,214 71 198,323 04 40,832 38 39,786 41 1,655,238 03 RAQ 9f>Q rtfi $ cts. 112 61 522 89 S cts. 248,707 30 55,263 73 407,363 62 1,153,141 77 69,964 81 342! 716 14 *?Q8 R8=i 47 22,514 35 174,894 22 11,261 49 180,214 71 198,323 04 40,832 38 39,786 41 1,655,238 03 649 209 06 ' 522 89 Ontario . .St. Hyacinthe . .Three Rivers 71,627 39 5,648,203 42 5,648,839 42 5,648,203 92 635 50 5,648,839 42 1 n onn oa 19,oU0 oil 6,997 78 1,917 90 402 00 2,101 45 13,297,314 36 1,305,541 23 *7AA AA^ OO 799,904 16 2,475,87 94 18,168 76 o4,Uy4 Oo 13,298,054 34 1,305,541 23 *7AA AA 1 OO /yy,904 i6 247,587 94 18,223 03 3,295 57 00,UOO io 13,295,647 72 1,305,541 23 7QQ 001 9°. 247,587 94 18,168 76 1 fl^fi OS 1 , UOU I/O 2,406 62 54 27 3,295 57 84,094 53 13, 298! 054 34 1,305,541 23 799 904 23 247^587 94 18,223 03 3,295 57 OA Tin AO 15,751,574 97 1 C TEC *7AA 0*7 15,756, /OO 0/ Quebec . .St. John 10, t%v,\)\)o OO fi 7Q9 U 1 ^ 7^6 700 87 ltl| (OU 1 \J\J OI 977 30 325,250 12 nn. OCA 10 325,250 12 1,442 62 Q9£ 9^fi 19 .»_-), ^OU L - 1,442 62 °»9c; 9^0 19 1,442 62 977 30 325,250 12 326,692 74 325,250 12 1,442 62 326,692 74 329 00 275 00 98 ,£94 39 69,075 31 98,894 39 69,075 31 5,860 50 98,894 39 69,075 31 0,oDU OU 98,894 39 69,075 31 2,567 14 88 56 4 98 2,760 68 . .Prince Edward Islan . .Winnipeg 100 Of ) 2,567 1- I 88 56 4 98 2,760 68 200 Of ) 21,875 65 3,341 T ) 128 5'. r 49 9'. ! 239 25 j j 759 84 51 9e 9 0C 23,255 23 3,400 69 . .Manitoba District.. . .Manitoba 200 Of ) 25,217 4 i 178 ¥ 1 239 2'. j 759 84 60 9C 26,655 9Z 8,749 4- 4,229 9 I 61 4- 1 1 329 84 17 5: 9 Of j 9,358 24 4,294 41 i 55 * ) . . Calgary District. . . FINANCIAL RETURNS 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 1916-17. in Account with Expenditures. L , duo to Collec- tors, 1916. Expenditures authorized by the Department. Jialanoos due by Collectors, ivi arc n o i , 1017 Totals . Salaries. Seizure Expenses. Special Assist- ance. Rent. Travelling Expenses. $ cts $ cts. 12,784 93 7,324 73 22,554 99 25,427 88 7,847 64 21,316 07 8,458 14 6,969 02 12,797 25 3,299 75 4,374 84 14,293 28 6,851 81 6,699 72 52,529 72 35,318 24 2,899 92 2,924 94 3,000 00 $ cts $ cts. 75 00 $ cts $ cts. 3,219 44 793 10 253 85 145 99 9 80 297 95 53 20 250 41 239 36 28 05 427 15 32 90 117 45 65 35 474 43 371 26 300 09 399 70 659 35 $ cts. 236 50 248 23 339 45 289 80 70 37 314 20 114 85 134 17 361 25 60 76 342,69 2?0 71 125 48 146 26 1,333 79 348 32 65 40 11 67 58 79 $ cts 43 98 % cts. 16,359 85 8,366 06 23,689 25 26,063 71 7,927 81 22,712 20 9,025 30 7,478 58 14,298 52 3,440 90 5,194 66 14,954 02 7, 154 74 7,031 33 55,588 84 36,184 60 3,513 38 3,336 31 3,718 14 540 96 200 04 783 98 390 36 124 98 500 66 43 34 49 98 406 98 60 00 60 00 1,250 90 37 70 47 97 ,8 75 400 00 15 60 00 49 08 60 00 200 00 49 08 257,672 87 15 4,572 85 728,75 8,138 83 4,831 69 43 98 276,038 20 11,407 90 60,225 46 21,445 23 8,949 60 11,191 50 1,599 96 2,524 95 2,899 92 70 211 65 86 35 426 32 1,389 06 1,651 89 138 66 305 97 466 64 535 70 1,617 31 659 40 454 05 547 65 19 00 157 85 163 96 409 93 1,855 57 657 88 287 62 375 95 149 89 23 63 58 71 I - . i OU 'J >J 6o,299 U5 24,500 75 9,829 93 12,921 07 2,235 49 2,706 43 3,122 59 104 00 396 00 120,244 52 402 70 4,378 54 396 00 4,154 92 3,819 18 133,395 86 13,764 11 9 80 40 00 88 65 135 92 14,038 48 2,934 48 2,274 93 556 70 102 85 16,039 04 9 80 40 00 645 35 238 77 16,972 96 11,962 23 3.299 88 24 99 90 00 185 80 165 15 202 20 165 60 12,375 22 3,910 91 190 28 15,262 11 190 28 114 99 350 95 367 80 16,286 13 1,772 83 7 85 60 00 451 30 368 70 100 00 2,760 68 1,772 83 7 85 60 00 451 30 368 70 100 00 2,760 68 21,686 60 2,499 96 225 00 562 58 796 88 581 05 103 85 200 00 23,255 23 3,400 69 24,186 56 225 00 1,359 46 684 90 200 00 26,655 92 6,599 80 2,774 97 460 06 1,313 95 1,479 45 984 43 40 00 9,358 24 4,294 42 14 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 EXCISES Dr. No. 4 — Collection Division Bal- ances due by Collec- tors, April I, 1916. Amounts received from Depart- ment to meet Expendi- tures. Deductions from Salaries for Super- annu- ation. Insur- ance. Annu- ities. Retire- ment. Guar- antee. Bal- ances due to Collec- tors, March 31, 1917 Totals. Divisions. cts. $ cts 13,179 42 5 cts 55 44 5 cts. 61 44 i cts $ cts 329 84 $ cts 26 52 $ cts $ cts 13,652 66 7,854 47 323 14 20 13 8,197 74 21,425 58 9,946 88 4,558 37 46 47 144 84 60 00 301 00 144 70 834 99 221 23 61 68 23 52 9 00 22,669 72 10,481 17 4,627 37 35,930 83 251 31 445 70 1,056 22 94 20 37,778 26 961 94 49 92 7 20 1,019 06 4,193 37 4,753 59 3,831 91 413 40 62 46 96 96 4,255 83 4,753 59 3,928 87 413 40 343 98 521,624 71 3,226 78 3,932 85 140 40 15,470 35 1,321 01 49 08 546,109 16 8,553 1,964 14,491 3,224 3,145 94 ss 71 14,580 35 9,526 82,889 8,553 16 1,964 33 14,491 94 3,224 88 3,145 71 14,580 35 9,526 85 82,889 50 343 98 660,001 43 3,226 78 3,932 85 140 40 15,470 35 1,321 01 49 08 684,485 88 . Alberta . Moosejaw, Saskatchewan . Vancouver .Victoria ,«. .British Columbia District . British Columbia. . . . . Yukon .Inspector of Domin- ion .Inspector of Malt Houses and Breweries Inspector of Distil- leries .Inspector of Bonded Factories .General Expendi- tures .Legal Expenses . Printing . Stationery . Commission to Cus- toms Officers . Duty-pay to Officers in charge of most important estab- lishments .Provisional Allow- ance . Printing Tobacco Stamps . Grand Totals Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. FINANCIAL RETURNS 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 1916-1917. in Account with Expenditures. Cr. 1 balances due to V^OIU C - tors, April 1 , 1916. Expenditures authorized by the Department. Balances due by Collectors, March 31, 1917. Totals Salaries. Seizure Expenses. Special Assist- ance. Rent. Travelling Expenses. Sundries. $ cts. $ cts. 9,374 77 $ cts. S cts. 460 06 $ cts. $ cts. 2,793 40 $ cts. 1,024 43 $ cts. S cts. 13,652 66 6,467 27 269 00 195 00 742 55 523 92 8,197 74 19,039 53 9,431 93 3,000 00 4 50 948 56 540 43 156 00 1,517 60 134 25 1,545 60 1,003 53 374 56 81 77 22,669 72 10,481 17 4,627 37 31,471 46 4 50 1,488 99 156 00 3,197 45 1,459 86 ¥7 7 78 9fi Of , 1 IO — U 999 96 19 10 1 mo fifi 3,124 92 3,199 92 2,774 97 1,122 60 1,487 25 1,149 90 409 00 8 31 66 42 3 94 4 40 4,255 83 4,753 59 3,928 87 413 40 49 08 492,591 20 615 28 11,609 43 1,475 75 26,003 02 13,421 42 343 98 546,109 16 8,553 16 8,553 16 1,934 33 14.491 94 ;3224 88 3,145 71 14,5S0 35 9,526 85 82,889 50 14,491 94 3,224 88 3,145 71 14,580 35 9,526 85 82,889 50 49 08 492,591 20 615 28 11,609 43 1,475 75 26,003 02 151,798 14 343 98 684.485 88 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 16 IXLAXD IiEYEXUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 k » k - ^ ^ i.^ c cc tc - c ci tiO'fC!ei.';.f'*--.r;KNO* © © oi e-i © o — CJ 00 00 -H — CO «* ©00 r- co — x > S -OC- t- oo oo o c o s c c. ~. © — l's © co © © t- © «*< r— — co C -*1 b- © co to •too: y, y: -r © — © — TO ■* c-. to to ' .2 .3 ±3 3 - s •53 EvS Bog c ■ • C : o ? -~ c ^- a : 02 ■ c — ~< 5 t CD C P 0) -P OD *TT - z t: §!Jo| 5 -; _ " £ Z ~ x cococo — coco>o©©ccco — i;o©c-i n — m ci x k c a •* f. k cc e n o ric-tc. eio^-* — — KKNcx i-o — cm — x io c-i c ts i~ — ^ io i iO (N ■•*< © © -t © — — © -co co co co — co ro 'O © © v: co — >o © ci ci-HNCioc«c:e"j"Mxxcc)0! >«S «# ^ — co co o © oo X ".0 01 © to t- — CO i-O CC ©©-*■©•— — © —CO ia © oi © — co |-H © -t* *C •f © © © CI CI © © — 0 1 oo oc — — co © oo — co" ^ — CO rH Co" FINANCIAL RETURNS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 *rs oo oo £ CO o £ o S >> O « C o, >- >— l CO OJ lO 18 ix la \ i> />'/. i /. v/ eh 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 j£ 8 8 S 8 oo ° isssas t& 1— I «-< oc WW sir 55 58 53 § 5 8S8S88 C 111111 88=888 — oo — — < 55 • mmm « N t- O iH if SI C -« — OS — I — ( £5S55i~ §5 51 5 — — oc ■as- FINANCIAL RETURNS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 § > Si a o OS Ph > 20 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES PREVENTIVE SERVICE— 1916-17. Dr. No. 5A. — In Account with Expenditures. Cr. Amount received from Department to meet Expendi- tures. Deductions from Salaries for Guarantee. Totals. Districts. Expendi- tures authorized by the Department Totals. $ cts. 899 46 3,312 17 S cts. 0 54 2 34 $ cts 900 00 3,314 51 . Halifax, N.S Charlottetown, P.E.I . . Winnipeg, Man . Calgary Saskatchewan S cts. 900 00 3,314 51 $ ct . 900 00 3,314 51 4.211 63 2 88 4,214 51 4,214 51 4,214 51 982 04 1,798 92 1 26 1 08 983 30 1,800 00 983 30 1,800 00 983 30 1,800 00 2,780 96 2 34 2,783 30 2,783 30 2,783 30 899 46 0 54 900 00 900 00 900 00 899 46 0 54 900 00 900 00 900 00 669 62 0 54 670 16 670 16 670 16 ' 374 46 1,552 14 0 54 1 08 375 00 1,553 22 375 00 1,553 22 375 00 1,553 22 1,926 60 1 62 1,928 22 1,928 22 1,928 22 2,673 38 899 46 1 62 0 54 2,675 00 900 00 2,675 00 900 00 2,675 00 900 00 3,572 84 2 16 3,575 00 3,575 00 3,575 00 14,960 57 10 62 14,971 19 14,971 19 14,971 19 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. FINANCIAL RETURNS 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 PS O PS 0 • 00 Ol — I "S S i~ io -r co ° MU5CSO t-- oo CO "5 CO «» a> o o o 0!3>00 CO CO t-> -iP c3 O W02 s 5 5 t3 'S a, £ o * 'O. c3 3 3 02 c t-- US T(< CO 35 O © © n © ^ fl J g S SB S I £ J a© *s p © ■* OS r— (M tO '-O Ol 22 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 -nioi-icoN'»ion>-ioiMoiu5t«o?)ooNi'coio cn wj w < y-^ w i~ » 00 CO O O t""~ O CO O CO CI »— ' -< Ol CI CI 1» 3 O O CO -t — 'O * 'O M O ~ t N M O M CO CM i-H C^l 00 i-H C-i »o OO'CO co OOONtOMOOONOOOfflNHO ONOOltOONMOOOOOOOJOOO ©•0©©tOO~HCO©©©©©©©>— ICOO ©©©©tC©C0C0>O©©»O©©©'**l©'*tl c3 O < S § Pi G'CCco mmm mm coh^ g d~ c c c3 c fi- fe'-3 2 OPhM ci-3.^MlO c<^Tl^r-l(^^ooco©to©(^^^--c*itO'^tO©>-H00 O0© ONSOWOiiWCTH I t— I © CI CI t^- © to © CO ^t* ^h *o © *0 CO © © t*- C-l © CO CO-* C3 t— I CJ DO >-i ca •* — I r" 1 to © r*- T— I 3 ^ ( w A w H > O c3 Ph CD Q O a (13 t-H P l— i P 03 r— I ^ 03 ~ -a CO ^ < r. P, < E-i CO Ss o -t< OOON co io oo O o ■>* OCN „ O t si 3 0 h O B eg u 2 to pi si c - ~ £ £^ 7i = ~ to « d c3 — CO 24 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Dr. No. 9— SUNDRY MINOR REVENUES— 1916-17. Cr. Accrued during the year ended March 31, 1917. Totals. Deposited to the Credit of the Receiver General. Totals.. $ cts. 804 00 4,793 15 0/ Z 1,444 00 525 00 $ cts. 804 00 4,793 15 ^79 90 1,444 00 525 00 Registration of Agricultural fertilizers fees, $323.00 — Licenses, $375— Fines, $106 Adulteration of food fees, $922.25 — Penalties, $3,870.90 $ cts. 804 00 4,793 15 1,444 00 525 00 $ cts. 804 00 4,793 15 "70 9Q 1,444 00 52.5 00 Patent Medicines registration fees, $1,418.00 — Fines, $26.00 Commercial feeding stuffs fees, $415 — Licenses, $110. 8,138 44 338 50 8,138 44 338 50 8,138 44 338 50 8.13S 44 338 50 7,799 94 7,799 94 7,799 94 7,799 94 Inland Revenue Department, J. U. VINCENT, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. Deputy Minister. Dr. No. 10— SUNDRY MINOR EXPENDITURES— 1916-17. Cr. Amounts received from the Department to meet Expendi- tures. Total. Printing and Stationery. Contin- gencies. Totals. $ cts. 131 00 291 93 850 00 S cts. 131 00 291 93 850 00 $ cts. $ cts. 131 00 291 93 S50 00 $ cts. 131 00 291 93 850 00 1,272 93 1,272 93 1,272 93 1,272 93 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. FINANCIAL RETURNS 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 | §gg£gggggggg£ggggggggggg s-gsss^gs^ssgg-g-sss^gg- g : :S§ 2 : :3 gg ~g ggg O © — < gig? ggggggg ;© ,-1 iO — i I gggssgggggggggggggggggggg ggg 2-g ggg © © l-l gggg 2u9ss ggggggg g-SS2^g ^ Si Eh E-1 =3 P5 >-5 E-t W H w l> s « Q < 12—4 26 IX LAX D REYEXI'ES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 12 — Statement showing the quantities of the several articles, subject to 1915, 1916, 1917 and Articles subject to Excise Duty. 1915. Quantities. Ex-manu- factory. Ex-ware- house . Totals. Duty. Spirits. Totals Malt liquor, the duty being paid on malt. Malt. Cigars from foreign leaf. Cigars Totals. Cigarettes. Tobacco from foreign leaf. Canada twist Tobacco Snuff Totals. Raw leaf tobacco, foreign. Other materials Galls. 6,4(tf Galls. 4,021,090 44,690* Galls. 4,027,497 44,690 $ cts. 8,689,574 33 13,407 03 6,407 4,065,780 4,072,187 8,702,981 42 47,955,947 7,278 47,963,225 137,003 23 Lbs. Lbs. 111,037,74: Lbs. 111,037,743 2,610,887 82 No. 138,170,411 No. 12,300 98,683,831 No. 12,300 236,854,242 84 10 613,021 07 138, 170 411 5,696,131 236,860,54: 613,105 17 1,062,143,295 27,982,640 1,090,125,935 3,004,822 14 Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 13,579,224 509,597 6,855 7,085,181 6,855 20,664,405 509,59 637 50 1,643.641 55 40,226 75 14,088,821 7,092,036 15,723,329 1,280,589 21,180,857 15,723,329 1,280,589 4,689,327 94 4,454,283 52 204,894 24 Total duties on tobacco and cigarettes. 9,34S,.:05 70 Vinegar Acetic acid Licenses, spirits " Malt liquor " Malt " Cigars " Tobacco " Bonded manufactures. " Acetic acid 90, 7 3 5 5 12 4 953 66 ,155 48 ,500 00 ,900 00 400 00 ,800 00 375 00 ,950 00 100 00 Grand total duty. 21,546,617 48 *Spirits imported for use in the manufacture of crude fulminate, on which duty, at the rate of 30 cents. nl and Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. FINANCIAL RETURNS 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Excise Duty, taken for consumption, during the fiscal years ended March 31, the duty accrued thereon. 1916. 1917. Quantities. Duty. Quantities. Duty. Ex-manu- factory. Ex-warc- house . Totals. Ex-manu- factory. Ex-ware- house . Totals . Galls. 4,066 Galls. 3,629,324 85,954 Galls. 3,633,390 * 85,954 $ cts. 8,671,538 55 25,786 13 Galls. 3,080 Galls. 4, 118, 147 * 125, 140 Galls. 4, 121,227 125, 140 S cts. 9,838,649 65 37,541 90 4,066 3,715,278 3,719,344 8,697,324 68 3,080 4,243,287 4,246,367 9,876, 191 55 Oft ,100 OTA .59, 436, o<4 150,503 39,638,877 92,079 45 OA OQT OKd .54, 08/ , OOO 139,928 34,827,284 103,865,35 Lbs. 2,946 Lbs. 89,473,644 Lbs. 89,476,590 2,684,699 63 Lbs. 225 Lbs. 78,815,521 Lbs. 78,815,746 2,364,752 38 No. No. 3,800 "TO CC1 {I Cft /2, 001 , 650 No. 3,S00 Oft*7 P. 1 A ftftO 20/ , 044, 00b 26 60 623,081 23 No. No. No. 1 0 i ftftO QXO 1.54, 992, .500 i hat ftftr? loo, 64/ , 09/ *79 1 ft*", icr; 7o, 100, loo OOft 7CO 0~0 2o9, /o2, 2o2 719,390 26 1 O A ftft O O CO lo4, 992, oob 7z, boo, 450 Oft" C4T OftO 20/ , 64/ , 808 623,107 83 - A PC CAT ftftT loo, b4/, 09/ *70 1 ft C 1 EC 7o, 105, loo OOft 7CO OCO 2.59, 752, 252 719,390 26 l,Uol ,0/ 0, * 00 OA PPO ft Eft 20, ooo,9o0 1 ftOO 90 1 Tift 1, 032, .524, / 1U 3,252,797 58 43 75 1 0*7*7 COft *7ftft 1,2/ /,629,/90 Oft CAC ftPft 29, o4o, 9o0 1 9ft*7 0*7C *7C:ft 1,.50< ,2<6,i oO 3,929,130 15 Libs. Lbs. 175 7, 430 7,149,484 Lbs. 175 7, 430 20,146,399 544,237 Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 743 00 2,015,414 76 54,423 70 5, 685 7, 206,3311 5, 685 20,122,054 607,341 568 50 2,012,205 40 60,734 10 12,996,915 544,237 12,915,7221 607,341 13,541 152 7,157,089 ) 6, 571, 311 1,365,175 20,698,241 16,571,311 1,365,175 5,323,422 79 4,676,757 99 218,428 00 13,523,0631 7,212,0161 17,470,422 1,548,809 20,735,080 17,470,422 1,548,809 6,002,638 15 4,942,516 93 247,809 44 10,218,608 78 11,192,964 52 100,112 24 8,150 14 3,750 00 5,700 00 4,600 00 12,050 00 4,175 00 5,700 00 100 00 104,333 79 7,949 39 4,375 00 5,350 00 3,150 00 10,825 00 4, 138 00 6,075 00 100 00 22,460,157 75 24,403.460 24 per gallon, was collected and afterwards refunded, onthc exportation of the fulminate. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 12-4* 28 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 13. — Amounts deposited monthly to the credit of the Receiver General, General. Ontario. April- Excise " Seizures Ferries Weights and Measures Inspection " Seizures Gas Inspection Gas Seizures Electric Light Inspection Law Stamps (Supreme Court) " (Exchequer Court) " (Yukon Territorial Court). Patent Medicines Fees " " Fines Fertilizers Fees " Fines Methylated Spirits Commercial Feeding Stuffs Adulteration of Food Fees Electrical Standard of Laboratory Electric Light Export Licenses Testing Milk Glasses War Tax Revenue Stamps War Tax Revenue, Transportation, etc War Tax Fine Casual Revenue Totals. May- Excise " Seizures Ferries Weights and Measures Inspection 1 " " Seizures Gas Inspection v Gas Seizures Electric Light Inspection Law Stamps (Supreme Court) (Exchequer Court) " (Yukon Territorial Court). Patent Medicines Fees " Fines Fertilizers Fees " Fines Methylated Spirits Commercial Feeding Stuffs Adulteration of Food Fees Electrical Standard of Laboratory Electric Light Export Licenses Testing Milk Glasses War Tax Revenue Stamps War Tax Revenue, Transportation, etc. War Tax Fine Casual Revenue cts. 11,173 90 11,173 90 Totals. June — Excise " Seizures Ferries Weights and Measures Inspection. Gas Inspection Gas Seizures Electric Light Inspection Law Stamps (Supreme Court) 380 90 11,487 66 11,868 56 s cts 471,987 42 70 00 130 00 851 90 184 95 60 00 567 60 79 00 6 00 25 00 6,417 34 80 00 75 00 27,640 18 737 58 508,911 97 587,912 35 100 00 27 00 3,240 70 2,967 75 2,639 40 367 40 447 00 56 00 1100 6,915 40 " 50 25 35,903 92 16,771 97 52 10 14 00 657,476 24 571,838 93 209 00 50 00 3,709 03 2,502 55 2,226 30 234 40 Quebec. 982,999 65 1,194 37 616 45 47 50 129 45 38 00 5 00 4,141 57 188 65 9,574 97 4,838 05 1,003,773 1,184,225 91 619 52 1,908 05 1,467 55 L 990 15 16 00 3,421 93 " 'U 2 5 10,674 41 132,835 66 1,337,176 43 1,141,529 15 206 85 2,887 55 2,014 15 2,614 95 FINANCIAL RETURNS 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 on account of Inland Revenues, during the year ended March 31, 1917. Nova Scotia. Prince Edward Island . Manitoba. Alberta. Saskat^ chewan. Brit is! i Coluin i > i.'i Y k u on. Totals. $ cts. 19,228 44 $ cts. 1,768 80 $ cts. 78,216 42 $ cts. 38,738 42 $ cts. 13,301 68 $ cts 39,462 71 S cts. 701 34 $ cts. 1,264 37 130 00 1,468 35 31 50 263 95 €0 00 790 65 93 60 1 00 1 00 5 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 143 00 11 00 25 00 10 791 95 80 00 288 65 119 77 1, 116 03 64 50 139 36 6,235 50 550 00 2,992 09 2,658 07 3,310 77 ' 149 85 15 00 54,891 68. 17,550 IS 2 55 2 55 20,529 74 1,909 16 85,006 92 41,734 51 15,964 75 43,081 98 716 34 1,754,822 00» 21,069 04 2,089 30 98,834 88 42,220 66 30,861 04 67,691 20 272 58 2,060,464 66" 719 52 27 00 8,179 55 170 30 18 70 830 90 241 40 1,401 80 147 35 6 30 69 25 6 00 149 30 47 80 279 75 5,025 80 59 70 8 70 117 75 253 15 138 45 996 15 6,371 60 367 40 447 00 115 10 87 00 115 10 1 00 1 00 4 00 2 00 4 00 4 00 1 00 30 00 16 00 30 00 10,412 57 10 00 77 50 380 90 71,523 35 164,455 85 107 10 14 00 1,998 80 1,074 56 194 50 7,903 35 '330 00 3,815 94 23 00 5 00 3 214 81 9 00 5 552 87 L530 10 50 00 24 00 24,446 65 2,318 20 108,370 18 46,606 95 35,627 10 76,292 42 417 98 2,328,821 90 16,4.39 23 2,154 52 69,579 25 42,224 07 28,782 84 60,498 06 51 00 664 78 1,958,275 54 466 85 50 00 10,809 18 5,272 55 6,442 70 234 40 408 00 347 95 35 50 86 25 21 00 6 (X) 3 CO 959 70 257 55 267 30 343 95 91 80 136 55 1,776 95 411 60 311 00 917 40 9 75 71 55 30 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 13. — Amounts deposited monthly to the credit of the Receiver General, June — Con. Law Stamps (Exchequer Court) " (Yukon Territorial Court). Patent Medicines Fees " Fines Fertilizers Fees . " Fines Methylated Spirits Commercial Feeding Stuffs Adulteration of Food Fees Electrical Standard of Laboratory Electric Light Export Licenses Testing Milk Glasses War Tax Revenue Stamps War Tax Revenue, Transportation, etc. War Tax Fine Casual Revenue Totals. July — Excise - " Seizures Ferries Weights and Measures Inspection " " Seizures Gas Inspection Gas Seizures Electric Light Inspection Law Stamps (Supreme Court) " (Exchequer Court) " (Yukon Territorial Court) . Patent Medicines Fees Fertilizers Fees " Fines Methylated Spirits Commercial Feeding Stuffs " " Fines Adulteration of Food Fees Electrical Standard of Laboratory Electric Light Export Licenses Testing Milk Glasses War Tax Revenue Stamps War Tax Revenue, Transportation, etc War Tax Fine Casual Revenue Totals. August — Excise " Seizures Ferries Weights and Measures Inspection " " Seizures Gas Inspection Gas Seizures Electric Light Inspection Law Stamps (Supreme Court) " (Exchequer Court) (Yukon Territorial Court) . Patent Medicines Fees " " Fines Fertilizers Fees " Fines Methylated Spirits Commercial Feeding Stuffs General. 36« 50 6,132 23 1 40 6,502 13 14,702 98 14,702 98 Ontario. I cts. 408 00 36 00 2 00 8 00 9,553 88 8 00 145 00 25 93 34,918 28 16,695 87 7 00 J, 578 17 544,214 13 100 00 110 00 6,718 62 2,788 95 2,279 25 490 00 26 00 2 00 9,101 77 2 00 309 40 16 00 100 00 33,672 92 873 95 100 00 0 50 600,905 49 625,251 14 50 00 156 00 4,334 65 2,684 65 2, 699 45 645 90 24 00 4 00 9,514 25 2 00 Quebec. cts. 18 00 1 00 20 00 4,549 66 85 00 12,501 61 122 00 750 00 65 94 1,167,365 86 1,221,299 57 240 20 3,916 50 ' 975 90 1,973 55 19 00 3 00 5,205 04 16 00 111 00 25 00 10,576 09 5,586 11 101 00 1,250,047 96 1,331,287 22 75 00 3,869 00 868 75 1,470 15 11 00 1 00 3,658 72 FINANCIAL RETURNS 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 on account of Inland Revenues, during the year ended March 31, 1917. — Con. Nova Scotia. Prince Edward Island. Manitoba. Alberta . Saskat- chewan. British Columbia Yukon. Totals. $ cts $ cts $ cts $ cts. S cts $ cts $ cts 150 75 S cts. 150 75 2 00 3 00 1 00 61 00 3 00 Lr> UU 14,307 24 s fin o UU 318 00 28 43 368 50 72,897 72 23, 058 70 849 85 99 34 83 35 37 50 82 85 & 2 00 5 00 8 00 68 00 2 50 2,323 01 99 60 244 59 7,532 68 4,326 33 3,099 82 3 00 50 00 5,893 74 6 00 74 75 49 85 25 00 19,418 89 2,429 11 78,636 98 47,202 55 33,792 16 6S.243 15 900 03 2,094,137 75 11,587 01 1,862 64 41,518 00 19,829 36 31,048 60 73,815 56 1,217 97 1,970,147 74 490 20 110 00 16,015 27 10 00 4,497 75 437 45 33 00 863 45 363 45 10 00 120 60 2,823 00 273 05 1 55 68 80 8 25 214 30 282 55 114 30 63 45 197 85 79 20 223 20 1,269 45 6,325 05 490 00 264 30 51 00 264 30 3 00 1 00 1 00 7 00 12 00 153 31 80 09 14 S7Q QS 18 00 422 40 16 00 250 00 2 00 50 00 50 00 1,978 57 226 94 194 93 7,700 59 2,508 54 3,925 68 658 24 85 00 3,853 53 5,206 79 4,045 90 102 42 69,477 06 28,749 31 286 00 23 45 22 95 14,571 38 2,162 27 53,105 77 25, 122 53 37,949 33 85,188 98 1,586 24 2,112,535 51 11,016 00 2,056 28 40,429 65 18,233 52 41,671 00 71,169 64 837 81 2,165,155 88 125 00 156 00 14,663 70 742 50 55 40 857 00 977 55 2,713 15 262 65 114 60 41 30 5 50 242 25 76 60 257 70 4,225 35 221 10 19 80 183 45 211 35 24 75 694 60 5,643 15 645 90 337 35 38 00 1 00 4 00 337 35 1 00 1 00 1 00 39 89 201 49 13,486 03 2 00 32 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 13. — Amounts deposited monthly to the credit of the Receiver General, on August — Con. Commercial Feeding Stuffs Fines Adulteration of Food Fees Electrical Standard of Laboratory Electric Light Export Licenses Testing Milk Glasses War Tax Revenue Stamps War Tax Revenue, Transportation, etc. War Tax Fine Casual Revenue Totals. September — Excise " Seizures Ferries Weights and Measures Inspection " " Seizures Gas Inspection Gas Seizures Electric Light Inspection Law Stamps (Supreme Court) " (Exchequer Court) " (Yukon Territorial Court). Patent Medicines Fees " Fines Fertilizers Fees " Fines Methylated Spirits Commercial Feeding Stuff s Fines Adulteration of Food Fees , Electrical Standard of Laboratory Electric Light Export Licenses Testing Milk Glasses War Tax Revenue Stamps War Tax Revenue, Transportation, etc. . War Tax Fine Casual Revenue Totals. October — Excise " Seizures Ferries Weights and Measures Inspection " " Seizures Gas Inspection Gas Seizures Electric Light Inspection Law Stamps (Supreme Court) " (Exchequer Court) (Yukon Territorial Court). Patent Medicines Fees " Fines Fertilizers Fees " Fines Methylated Spirits Commercial Feedings Stuffs Adulteration of Food Fees Electrical Standard of Laboratory Electric Light Export Licenses Testing Milk Glasses War Tax Revenue Stamps War Tax Revenue, Transportation, etc. General. $ cts Ontario. 15,1.57 98 101 47 15,259 45 7 00 4 6 00 ' 5 00 172 35 4,942 00 5,172 35 3 00 24 00 11 00 9,472 36 cts. Quebec. $ cts. 215 25 24 00 30,989 36 11,911 16 50 00 9,892 49 162,990 78 i, 531 81 1,514,148 11 646,409 96 180 00 3,883 38 2,460 95 2,014 00 41 10 12 00 2 00 9,561 88 2 00 117 10 36,118 48 760 50 1 56 701,564 91 339,164 24 150 00 150 00 5,013 67 2,663 70 2,268 90 927 75 223 50 5 00 ,947 94 4 00 173 00 33,960 73 1,326 20 1,308,502 86 443 58 3,553 55 951 30 1,004 35 4 00 2 00 3,424 11 5 00 205 00 12,473 02 5 00 1,330,573 77 1,390,688 04 311 21 2,828 05 940 50 1,187 08 00 3,728 83 16100 11,556 89 7,103 00 FINANCIAL RETURNS 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 account of Inland Revenues, during the year ended March 31, 1917 — Continued Nova Scotia. Prince Edward Island. Manitoba. Alberta. Saskat- chewan. British Columbia. Yukon. Totals. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. j cts. 25 00 60 00 324 25 3 75 3 75 2,547 81 1 , 742 86 226 16 24 50 6,373 14 756 30 3,620 22 3,690 80 6,261 56 1,444 00 119 63 51 35 65,700 71 194,326 08 199 56 101 47 149 56 16,311 57 2,387 64 48,907 68 23,120 24 48,310 26 80 295 39 1,460 74 2,465,139 18 11,975 02 1,968 06 56,802 99 16,023 01 39,680 56 77,758 38 . 50 00 889 63 2,187,078 30 493 58 180 00 14,472 52 227 10 79 95 1,469 45 1,435 85 2,996 50 250 45 46 90 233 90 156 85 253 50 4,153 80 98 85 185 05 312 60 90 00 676 70 4,427 75 41 10 365 25 24 00 365 25 1 00 2 00 76 00 116 13 13 178 28 17 00 5 00 78 00 10 00 100 00 2 00 512 10 172 35 70,336 17 5,970 15 59 90 1 56 2, 124 99 189 22 5, 186 80 34 30 3,847 33 3,461 94 4,656 60 91 33 41 05 59 90 14,552 86 2,247 23 64,012 49 21,780 64 46,291 90 83,761 76 1,387 26 2,301,559 81 12,237 41 2,253 70 76,953 62 12,540 51 51,761 08 89,495 92 1,208 63 2,003,830 97 511 21 150 00 14,742 08 553 30 88 30 2,115 20 1,098 45 2,304 70 400 30 37 65 5 50 231 40 89 05 230 35 4,250 75 247 50 7 20 229 35 347 10 255 60 686 70 5,398 33 927 75 223 50 303 25 23 00 303 25 4 00 3 00 4 00 28 00 - 155 82 114 36 13,025 24 15 00 419 00 35 00 50 00 1,891 39 267 25 206 52 7,521 90 5,072 40 3,513 35 3,954 19 3 00 5,082 62 2,878 65 81 00 69,878 15 26,122 86 34 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 13. — Amounts deposited monthly to the credit of the Receiver General, on October — Con. War Tax Fine... Casual Revenue. Totals. . November — Excise " Seizures Ferries Weights and Measures Inspection " " Seizures Gas Inspection Gas Seizures Electric Light Inspection Law Stamps (Supreme Court) " (Exchequer Court) " (Yukon Territorial Court). Patent Medicines Fees " Fines Fertilizers Fees " Fines , Methylated Spirits , Commercial Feedings Stuffs. . : Adulteration of Food Fees Electrical Standard of Laboratory Electric Light Export Licenses Testing Milk Glasses War Tax Revenue Stamps War Tax Revenue, Transportation, etc. War Tax Fine Casual Revenue Totals. December — Excise " Seizures Ferries Weights and Measures Inspection " " Seizures Gas Inspection Gas Seizures Electric Light Inspection Law Stamps (Supreme Court) " (Exchequer Court) " (Yukon Territorial Court). Patent Medicines Fees " " Fines Fertilizers Fees " Fines Methylated Spirits Commercial Feeding Stuffs Adulteration of Food Fees Electrical Standard of Laboratory Electric Light Export Licenses Testing Milk Glasses War Tax Revenue Stamps War Tax Revenue, Transportation, etc. War Tax Fine Casual Revenue Totals. January — Kxcise. General. cts 9,510 36 6 00 20 00 10 00 21,544 22 21,586 22 1 00 59 00 34 00 7,686 90 7,780 90 Ontario. S cts. 770 00 395,748 63 357,185 21 195 00 3,448 93 2,397 95 2,765 70 209 50 747 00 14 00 19 00 Quebec. cts. Ml!) 00 10 94 1,419,323 54 1,525,122 62 180 80 1,976 90 1,082 40 1,757 SO 1 00 10,836 95 84 00 349 50 9 25 37,572 73 34,294 37 150 00 3 10 450,282 19 391,563 26 225 00 11 00 4,136 90 2,673 15 2,971 50 63 70 303 00 2 00 25 00 70 00 ,558 25 40 00 98 75 40, 193 28 29,315 30 52 00 2 60 480,304 49 Seizures. 378,710 05 170 00 4,767 61 20 00 276 00 13,276 26 238,092 14 100 00 2 00 1,786,955 53 1,549,251 76 476 70 1,413 10 5 00 1,125 95 1,716 25 1 00 17 00 4,293 28 10 00 16,840 71 1,575,150 75 1,441,834 05 520 10 FIXAXI'IAI. 11KTUIIN8 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 account of Inland Revenues, during the year ended March 31, 1917 — Continued. Scotia. Prince 1 WHIM 1 Island. M Hii i Lol}H . Alberta. ^Hsknt;- chewan. British Columbia. Yukon Totals $ cts. $ cts. I cts. $ cts. 8 cts. 100 00 $ cts $ ?ta. & cts. 1,670 00 10 94 15,390 32 2,561 22 92,281 23 17,638 46 58,378 57 98,777 54 1,592 88 2,141,530 03 13,038 93 2,336 50 93,428 25 9,295 03 56., 309 12 87,400 37 676 04 2,174,683 52 375 80 232 75 81 30 1.836 05 777 55 2,615 55 380 75 10 80 11,640 53 26 30 10 00 242 10 5 50 281 05 63 70 269 90 4,198 00 10 00 5,829 10 209 50 747 00 10 80 190 35 187 50 119 40 433 80 1 00 22 00 5 00 5 00 59 00 5 00 15,957 09 148 00 732 50 13 75 5 00 83 75 39 89 5 00 29 00 118 06 12 00 5 00 4 50 - 12 00 25 00 5 00 48 00 1,981 45 4,102 76 453 63 39 75 8,429 12 59 70 4,035 88 15 00 4,821 53 7,001 65 1,133 96 160 55 79,909 03 337,539 98 650 00 5 10 100 00 19,771 04 2,927 48 104,298 41 14,416 66 63,970 60 96,765 99 847 39 2,632,734 90 20,088 91 50 00 2,248 72 132,750 29 13,382 06 59,643 71 97,800 33 190 47 2,300,892 46 751 70 11 00 9,877 50 5 00 4,425 35 147 10 159 10 973 05 794 05 1,553 20 533 10 40 50 2 75 202 00 64 60 231 60 167 70 14 85 232 80 287 80 230 55 584 70 6,338 90 63 70 303 00 203 55 9 00 25 00 210 00 203 55 2 00 1 00 1 00 20 00 5 00 22 00 71 79 177 91 15 00 5 00 1 25 13,203 02 114 00 205 75 1 25 5 00 7 00 10 00 75 00 20 00 ' 2,615 96 365 49 413 15 9,620 33 4 30 150 00 4,877 99 35 65 6,336 67 15 00 50 00 6,585 18 1,422 45 66 50 48 10 89,855 02 39,106 49 252 00 2 60 23,589 45 2,838 57 143,944 77 19,533 15 67,830 13 107,378 52 508 62 2,465,856 29 13,918 24 120 00 1,726 24 113,154 90 10,047 83 15,917 39 102,326 57 250 00 225 91 2,105,807 74 1,060 10 36 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 13. — Amounts deposited monthly to the credit of the Receiver General, on General. Ontario. Quebec. New Brunswick January — Con. $ cts. $ cts. 110 00 4,981 07 $ cts. $ cts. 1,329 05 78 85 2,315 20 1,261 75 55 20 Gas Seizures 2,361 90 1,127 85 174 90 Law Stamps (Supreme Court) 44 10 202 00 " (Exchequer Court) ( Yukon Territorial Court).. Patent Medicines Fees 25 00 31 00 15 00 1 00 Fertilizers Fees 83 00 35 00 5 00 Methylated Spirits 8,120 17 49 00 6,949 51 4 00 39 55 Commercial Feeding Stuffs 12 00 " Fines 70 00 6 00 Electrical Standard of Laboratory Electric Light Export Licenses Testing Milk Glasses 109 95 18,937 72 War Tax Revenue Stamps War Tax Revenue, Transportation, etc. . . War Tax Fine 40,061 33 974 22 206 00 1 07 13,265 35 6,343 93 100 00 2,103 91 49 10 Casual Revenue Totals February — 19,167 67 438,442 11 1,472,755 59 30,455 07 324,078 69 1,255,632 84 1,445 04 26,177 90 " Seizures Ferries 50 00 3,547 15 20 00 2,557 20 Weights and Measures Inspection 1,214 05 56 40 Gas Inspection 1,106 50 61 40 3,036 35 878 82 125 10 Law Stamps (Supreme Court) 315 00 304 50 (Exchequer Court) (Yukon Territorial Court) Patent Medicines Fees 55 00 117 00 54 00 4 00 Fertilizers Fees 9 00 2 00 3 00 7,573 03 " Fines Methylated Spirits 14,407 87 7 00 42 81 Commercial Feedings Stuffs 11 00 Adulteration of Food Fees 86 00 221 00 War Tax Revenue Stamps . ' War Tax Revenue, Transportation, etc. . . War Tax Fine 16,957 34 36,820 73 30,902 17 135 70 10,732 86 198,846 74 50 00 1,918 44 16,747 65 Casual Revenue 291 93 17 78 March — Excise 17,401 27 416,308 36 1,477,759 88 45,151 48 408,486 04 133 50 1,411,50.5 50 315 79 34,998 84 " Seizures Weights and Measures Inspection 7,205 50 2,033 45 114 75 Gas Inspection 5,326 05 2,495 65 90 60 FINANCIAL RETURNS 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 account of Inland Revenues, during the year ended March 31, 1917 — Continued. Nova Scotia. nnce 1 j(i wtirci Island. M an i to I) a N 11) ( t t a . Saskat- chewan. Brit is h Columbia. V kon Totals. $ cts. cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. J cts. 110 00 8,252 12 188 30 16 25 277 35 740 30 508 00 132 95 37 50 20 00 170 55 279 85 66 90 302 25 4 318 65 20 00 5,172 15 10 50 407 70 166 05 221 70 531 00 44 10 202 00 236 75 75 00 236 75 1 00 2 00 55 00 5 00 5 00 6 00 194 00 oo to 15, 187 14 80 00 10 00 5 00 2 00 2 00 65 00 4 75 145 00 4 75 109 95 82,871 88 29,677 23 356 00 1 07 2,388 38 94 76 50 00 314 67 8,008 74 1,127 35 4,669 31 4,341 06 7,658 83 2,150 15 60 30 17,046 73 2,072 66 123,301 64 15,700 39 20 993 15 113,467 66 522 96 2,253,925 63 7,371 72 1,866 28 95,491 91 5,708 28 9,091 72 74,459 83 565 58 1,800,444 75 1,445 04 50 00 7,671 65 20 00 4,340 90 158 05 16 95 728 05 1,037 05 652 45 261 50 31 90 230 60 63 70 289 60 249 75 6 60 347 70 156 75 106 40 707 40 5,614 87 315 00 304 50 193 75 261 00 193 75 7 00 1 00 4 00 3 00 3 00 13 00 9 00 15 00 120 38 20 00 18 00 OO OKO CIA ii, 008 y4 18 00 1 7*7 CM Hi S-i 200 00 83 00 110 00 20 50 700 00 20 50 2,036 83 9 079 S=> 404 98 52 00 6,975 60 3,289 31 1 1 \JVJ 3,565 93 1 7 nn 5,416 13 64 00 71,224 81 Ofifi (JIC fif) .-UU , InU xjyj 185 70 309 71 11,972 11 2,547 81 103,955 70 10,299 09 13,519 50 82,425 19 823 33 2,182,163 72 9,829 75 2,403 28 116,011 28 200 00 11,135 18 14,812 04 111,231 84 1,086 77 2,121,500 52 649 29 90 10 51 35 1,318 85 697 65 520 10 371 65 12,403 40 78 00 458 35 156 30 489 55 9,094 50 38 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 13. — Amounts deposited monthly to the credit of the Receiver General, on March — Con. Gas Seizures Electric Light Inspection " Penalties Law Stamps (Supreme Court) " (Exchequer Court) " (Yukon Territorial Court). Patent Medicines Fees " Fines Fertilizers Fees " Fines Methylated Spirits Commercial Feeding Stuffs " " Fines Adulteration of Food Fees Electrical Standard of Laboratory Electric Light Export Licenses Testing Milk Glasses War Tax Revenue Stamps War Tax Revenue, Transportation, etc. War Tax Fine Casual Revenue. Totals. ( ieneral. $ cts, 189 00 ' 20 00 5 00 6700 363 05 10^003 29 10,647 34 Ontario. cts. 5,879 00 275 00 1,393 00 275 00 ' 24 00 14,938 79 10 00 262 00 5 50 49,665 82 7,759 23 792 70 0 50 502,431 13 Quebec. cts, 3,006 70 98 00 ' 2 00 10,621 94 10 00 287 00 15,893 87 15,398 32 425 00 1,462,093 22 Recapitulation of Statement No. 13 showing Excise " Seizures Ferries Weights and Measures Inspection " " Seizures Gas Inspection ! Gas Seizures Electric Light Inspection " Penalties Law Stamps (Supreme Court) " (Exchequer Court) " (Yukon Territorial Court) . Patent Medicines Fees " " Fines Fertilizers Fees " Fines Methylated Spirits Commercial Feeding Stuffs " " Fines Adulteration of Food Fees Electrical Standard of Laboratory Electric Light Export Licenses Testing Milk Glasses War Tax Revenue Stamps War Tax Revenue, Transportation, etc. War Tax Fine Casual Revenue Totals. 286 00 258 00 88 00 153 00 1,394 75 148 ,198 58 394 80 150,773 13 5,646,801 42 1,402 50 974 00 51,071 50 20 00 31,523 05 60 00 31,709 35 2,436 85 5,205 00 677 00 25 00 184 00 33 00 116,874 49 288 00 2,086 25 56 68 100 00 437,517 76 152,322 52 2,308 50 30 33 6,483,707 20 15,743,879 17 6,029 16 27,545 70 5 00 14,337 90 18,857 10 283 00 1 00 37 00 23 00 62,335 23 65 00 1,354 90 25 00 147,258 53 772,161 73 2,626 00 78 88 16,796,903 30 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. FINANCIAL RETURNS ' 39 SSIONAL PAPER No. 12 account of Inland Revenues, during the year ended March 31, 1917 — Concluded. . Nova Scotia. Prince Edward Island. Manitoba. Alberta. Saskat- chewan. British Columbia. Yukon. Totals. j> cts. * cts. $ cts $ cts. $ cts $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. 395 85 53 10 528 60 674 55 538 20 1,137 55 12,761 35 275 00 1,393 00 98 20 624 00 98 20 13 00 15 00 5 00 7 00 13 00 5 00 14 00 65 00 1,039 61 122 10 26,920 80 25 00 7 00 25 00 648 00 13 15 7 65 363 05 101,552 43 33,236 22 1,267 70 0 50 3,575 91 480 57 10,350 45 5,781 49 3 00 50 00 4,237 52 8,488 69 23 63 84 80 13,994 61 2,988 30 129,922 14 18,510 82 20,114 86 121,917 01 1,269 77 2,322,891 11 the Total Revenues for the Year ended March 31, 1917. 167,799 70 170 00 24,734 32 1,013,171 44 200 00 239,377 93 392,880 78 953,110 41 351 00 8,537 51 24,515,342 80 8,352 66 974 00 130, 195 85 35 00 54,067 35 90 00 71,115 60 3,294 90 621 30 12,229 05 8,507 25 10 00 997 90 19,865 40 3,425 35 143 00 513 60 30 00 2,053 65 39 50 2,780 55 3,229 25 198 00 2,887 90 2,812 60 2,019 80 8,729 05 2,436 85 5,205 00 2,268 25 1,418 00 26 00 698 00 106 00 183,708 28 525 00 2,268 25 31 00 3 00 36 00 15 00 21 00 42 00 86 00 5 00 704 80 5 00 9 00 10 00 64 00 45 00 1,216 76 27 00 1,567 93 10 00 37 00 10 00 159 00 210 00 198 00 155 00 7 65 50 00 153 00 313 00 37 25 50 00 4,793 15 101 5S 250 00 1,394 75 900, US 01 1,166,439 60 5,883 81 572 29 26,579 13 10,118 57 50 00 3,462 28 116 25 91,838 20 10,642 89 150 00 22 95 48,694 92 775 89 189 85 25 00 47,235 87 47 00 509 46 71,115 43 15,787 54 50 00 2 55 944 28 140 50 211,595 35 29,389 65 1,135,743 91 301,665 99 462,742 31 1,057,595 59 12,033 54 27,056,117 83 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 40 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 EXCISE No. 14. — Comparative Statement April. May. June. July. August. Spirits fl 9 15-1 6 \1916-17 Increase Decrease S cts. 535,048 79 773,720 59 $ cts. 564,066 96 839,806 95 § cts. 561,672 59 720,277 47 $ cts. 523,961 29 632,892 89 S cts. 588,209 50 819,063 65 238,671 80 275,739 99 158,604 88 108,931 60 230,854 15 Malt Liquor j Increase '1915-16 1916-17 13,545 95 9,745 15 9,252 70 8,901 40 9,338 90 9,977 25 7,427 15 10,319 35 10,639 80 11,430 65 638 35 2,892 20 790 85 Decrease 3,800 80 351 30 Malt Increase fl915-16 L1916-17 276,846 38 221,535 78 270,832 14 272,515 29 276,498 72 258,381 60 218,242 79 245, 147 80 227, 187 03 290,597 43 1,683 15 26,905 01 63,410 40 Decrease 55,310 60 18,117 12 Increase ("1915-16 11916-17 739,502 08 860,613 58 866,222 37 885,428 86 901,712 73 901,503 69 914,467 30 964,182 24 873,903 94 1,061,603 92 121,111 50 19,206 49 49,714 94 187,699 98 Decrease 209 04 Cigars Increase (1915-16 .1916-17 49,537 05 54,678 52 48,300 62 57,062 95 51,967 67 62,253 62 54,693 72 60,752 30 55,341 18 66,803 98 5,141 47 8,762 33 10,285 95 6,058 58 11,462 80 Manufactures in Bond Increase '1915-16 .1916-17 10,749 16 11,133 55 6,781 38 11,429 06 7,229 36 11,225 42 9,391 15 7,966 78 11,779 09 13,308 04 384 39 4,647 68 3,996 06 1,528 95 Decrease 1,424 37 Acetic Acid Increase C1915-16 .1916-17 281 24 846 78 386 58 1,315 55 453 04 1,013 59 1,316 41 969 61 1,095 35 565 54 928 97 302 82 125 74 Decrease 453 04 Seizures / 1915-16 \1916-17 Increase 296 92 1,371 87 475 00 716 02 506 50 440 10 737 70 382 95 790 06 205 00 1,074 95 241 02 Decrease 66 40 354 75 585 06 Other Receipts Increase [1915-16 11916-17 17,026 45 18,700 72 4,475 87 6,392 31 6,407 24 6,220 72 5,601 00 3,391 98 2,561 86 11,242 55 1,674 27 1,916 44 8,680 69 Decrease 186 52 2,209 02 Total Revenue Total Increase (1915-16 11916-17 1,642,834 02 1,952,346 54 1,770,793 62 2,083,568 39 1,815,786 75 1,970,279 87 1,735,535 69 1,926,352 70 1,771,382 07 2,275,350 57 309,512 52 312,774 77 154,493 12 190,817 01 503,968 50 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. FINANCIAL RETURNS 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 REVENUES. )f Receipts for 1915-16 and 1916-17. September. October. November. December. January. February. March. April. $ cts. 684,848 63 848,287 62 $ cts. 732,593 24 822,347 00 $ cts. 906,863 89 920,603 93 $ cts. 1,139,217 67 1,161,752 59 $ cts. 745,409 07 947,304 73 $ cts. 793,896 43 695,981 40 8 cts. 925,286 62 698,527 73 $ cts. 8,701,074 68 9,880,566 55 163,438 99 89,753 76 13,740 04 22,534 92 201,895 66 1,179,491 87 97,915 03 226,758 89 8,503 80 11,641 35 10,725 15 12.5S7 55 6,608 25 7,426 05 6,731 60 7,822 20 4,316 85 4,040 55 4,640 70 5, 280 30 6,048 60 10,043 55 97,779 45 109,215 35 3,137 55 1,862 40 817 80 1,090 60 639 60 3,994 95 11,435 90 276 30 220,619 66 197,782 08 177,784 38 154,767 69 193,004 67 152,112 21 185,989 06 136, 112 07 206,073 39 147,689 34 203,606 76 133,735 68 232,614 65 157,525 41 2,689,299 63 2,367,902 38 22,837 58 •23,016 69 40,892 46 49,876 99 58,384 05 69,871 08 75,089 24 321,397 25 868,028 46 982,648 53 822,744 37 943,276 44 929,411 97 1,026,293 46 863,877 97 878,911 34 734,615 64 906,303 13 816,494 49 916,398 87 891,802 46 869,938 46 10,222,783 78 11,197,102 52 114,620 07 120,532 07 96,881 49 15,033 37 171,687 49 99,904 38 974,318 74 21,864 00 57,867 52 62,461 36 57,080 45 66,626 62 63,220 29 71,332 35 58,251 86 62,857 15 42,706 33 48,836 55 46,627 37 53,434 50 49,563 77 63,115 36 635,157 83 730,215 26 4,593 84 9,546 17 8,112 06 4,605 29 6,130 22 6,807 13 13,551 59 95,057 43 14,764 04 15,642 83 12,001 83 11,718 04 9,723 45 7,418 86 4,241 29 4,917 93 6,748 21 2,065 54 5,621 10 5,292 78 6,782 18 8,289 96 105,812 24 110,408 79 878 79 676 64 1,507 78 4,596 55 283 79 2,304 59 4,682 67 328 32 1,254 41 741 27 1,153 S3 515 11 721 47 1,127 85 921 22 354 25 352 07 743 08 552 35 8,250 14 8,049 39 184 47 406 3S 184 47 513 14 638 72 566 97 352 07 190 73 200 75 1,272 14 468 58 550 00 646 21 1,439 70 365 80 1,130 20 971 80 1 1,061 15 704 20 1,093 17 1,570 84 996 85 509 29 10,349 39 8,352 66 96 21 477 67 803 56 1,073 90 158 40 356 95 487 56 1,996 73 2,944 05 4,338 38 4,186 11 11,168 22 5,616 39 7,402 92 6,353 42 13,729 71 5,814 73 6,206 14 10,317 47 14,131 14 8,944 35 10.632 91 80,248 94 113,548 70 1,394 33 b,982 11 1,786 53 7,367 29 391 41 3,813 67 1,688 56 33,299 76 1,860,102 71 2,124,012 00 1,818,819 36 2,023,652 88 2,116,610 08 2,194,083 43 2,266,714 29 2,267,420 04 1,746,745 37 2,063,334 65 1,882,649 5f 1,825,825 51 2,122,782 56 1,819,135 01 22,550,756 08 24,525,361 60 263,909 29 204,833 52 77,473 35 705 75 316,589 28 2,335,077 11 I 360,471 59 56,824 Of 303,647 54 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 12—5 42 No. 15 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 — Refunds of Revenue during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. EXCISE. Articles and to whom paid. Date. Divisions. Under what Authority Refunded. Amounts. S cts. R.S., Cap. 51, Sec. 254. . 18,033 01 " 51 " 254. . 68 47 " 51 " 254. . 256 25 " 51 " 254. . 124 59 " 51 " 254. . 166 75 " 51 " 254. . 97 49 51 " 254. . 541 39 " 51 " 254. . 52 05 51 " 254. . 201 49 51 " 254. . 144 00 " 51 " 254. . 9,874 31 " 51 " 2.54. . 649 01 " 51 " 254. . 154 30 " 51 " 254. . 60 00 " 51 " 254. . 76 56 " 51 " 254. . 76 80 " 51 " 254. . 200 08 " 51 " 254. . 1,170 32 " 51 " 254. . 46 80 " 51 " 254. . 212 44 " 51 " 254. . 302 06 " 51 " 254. . 221 06 " 51 " 254. . 80 98 " 51 " 254. . 94 81 " 51 " 254. . 206 42 R.S., Cap. 51, Sec 254.. 691 40 51 " 254. . 1,314 00 " 51 " 254. . 37 50 51 " 254. . 787 25 " 51 " 254. . 9 00 " 51 " 254. . 135 14 51 " 254. . 287 25 51 " 254. . 249 00 " 51 " 254. . 435 00 51 " 254. . 180 22 " 51 " 254 42 00 51 " 254! '. 113 26 51 " 254. . 176 17 " 51 " 254. . 300 00 51 " 254.. 2,886 31 51 " 254. . 435 00 51 " 254.. 1,020 00 51 " 254. . 1 , 500 00 " 51 " 254. . 18 37 51 " 254. . 351 00 " 51 " 254. . 54 00 51 " 254. . 168 00 51 " 254. . 9,020 11 51 " 254. . 216 00 51 " 254. . 105 78 51 " 254. . 1.176 00 51 " 254 . . 351 00 51 " 254. . 6,714 46 Spirits. Can. Bank of Commerce for A. L. Howard N. C. Poison & Co Parke, Davis & Co N. C. Poison & Co Parke, Davis & Co. X. C. Poison Parke, Davis & Co. . J. S. Hamilton & Co. J. J. Heney Parke, Davis & Co. . X. C. Poison & Co... Parke, Davis & Co. J. S. Hamilton Co X. C. Poison & Co Parke, Davis & Co J. S. Hamilton & Co X. C. Poison & Co Parke, Davis & Co X. C. Poison & Co Hiram Walker & Son, Ltd. X. C. Poison & Co Parke, Davis & Co 1916. May 27 June 13 ' 13 ' 29 July 27 ' 27 Aug. 21 Sept. 23 Oct. 5 ' 13 ' 17 Xov. 2 ' 15 Dec. 20 " 27 1917. Jan. 18 ' 25 ' 25 Sherbrooke. Kingston Windsor. . . . Kingston Windsor. Kingston Walkerville . Brantford. . . Prescott. . . . Walkerville. Kingston Walkerville. Mar. May Malt. Thos. F. White Taylor & Bate Crambrook Brewing Co Fernie Foot Steele Brewing Co Frank Hartinger The Imperial Brewing Co The Elk Valley Brewing Co. . The Xelson Brewing Co Xels Xelson The Phoenix Brewing Co The Xelson Brewing Co The Enterprise Brewing Co . . . The Le Roe Brewing Co., Ltd August Mueller The Canada B. & W. Co., Ltd. The Union Brewing Co., Ltd Silver Spring Brewing, Ltd Victoria Phoenix Brewing Co. Ltd Blairmore B. M. Co Xational Breweries Co., Reg Xo. 7 Hoeschen Wentzler Brewing Co., Reg. Xo. 3 Canada B. & M., Co., Ltd. H. Corby Distilleries Co., Ltd E. L. Drewry, Ltd ' Westminster Brewery, Ltd . Canada B. & M. Co., Ltd.. The Xational Breweries, Ltd., Reg. Xo. 7 H. Corby Distillery Co., Ltd Brantford. . . Kingston Walkerville. Brantford. . . Kingston Walkerville. Kingston Walkerville . Kingston Walkerville. May June 9 St. Catharines. . . Vancouver Victoria Calgary. . . . Montreal. . . Moosejaw. . Vancouver. Montreal. . . Winnipeg. . . Vancouver . Montreal. / / \ INCIAL RETURNS 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 No. 15. — Refunds of Revenue during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917- < 'oittinucd. EXCISE— Continued. Articles and to whom paid. Malt — Continued. The National Breweries, Ltd., Reg. No. 3 The National Breweries, Ltd., Reg. No. 7 Westminster Brewery, Ltd Canada B. & M. Co., Ltd The Victoria Phoenix Brewing Co., Ltd Veronica Sehwan Heisz & Fiede J. C. Huether Estate late C. Eaton John Arscott Bowie & Co's Brewery, Ltd. H. Corby Distillery Co., Ltd National Breweries, Ltd., Reg No. 7 Frontenac Breweries, Ltd., Reg. No. 10 Vancouver, Pickle & Co Westminster Brewery, Ltd. . . H. Corby Distillery Co., Ltd Canadian B. & M. Co., Ltd. . J. P. Wiser & Sons, Ltd National Breweries, Ltd D. Keith & Son Wilson, Lytle, Badgeron Co., Ltd The National Breweries, Ltd Reg. No. 7 Westminster Brewery, Ltd . . . The Canadian B. & M. Co., Ltd H. Corby Distillery Co., Ltd Joseph Hamilton The Koremann Brewery, Ltd National Breweries, Ltd., Reg No. 7 H. Corby Distillery Co., Ltd. Frontenac Breweries, Ltd The Empire Brewing Co., Ltd Frontenac Breweries, Ltd., Reg. No. 10 The National Breweries, Ltd., Reg. No. 7 E. L. Drewry, Ltd B. C. Breweries, Ltd Vancouver Pickle Co The National Breweries, Ltd Reg. No. 3 Frontenac Breweries National Breweries, Ltd., Reg. No. 7 E. L. Drewry Westminster Brewery, Ltd The Victoria Phoenix Brewing Co., Ltd The National Breweries, Ltd., Reg. No. 3 The National Breweries, Ltd., Reg. No. 7 1916. July 21 " 21 " 21 " 21 " 21 " 25 " 25 " 25 " 25 " 25 " 25 " 27 1 >ate. Divisions. Aug. " 8 " 15 " 17 " 17 " 21 " 21 " 21 " 24 Sept. 22 " 22 " 22 Oct. " 12 " 12 " 12 " 13 Oct. 17 « 1? " 17 " 17 " 18 Nov. Montreal Vancouver Victoria Owen Sound Prescott Montreal Vancouver New Westminster, Thurlow Vancouver Prescott Montreal Halifax Toronto Montreal New Westminster. Vancouver Thurlow London Toronto Montreal Thurlow Brandon Montreal Winnipeg Vancouver Montreal Winnipeg New Westminster Victoria Montreal Under what Authority Refunded. R.S Cap. 51 51, Sec. 254. . 360 00 51 ' ' 254 468 00 51 ' ' 254.. 108 00 51 ' ' 254 1,512 00 51 ' ' 254.. 324 00 51 ' ' 254 124 50 51 ' ' 254.! 234 00 51 ' ' 254 . . 293 64 51 ' ' 254 . . 102 65 51 ' ' 254 . . 102 60 51 ' ' 254 180 00 51 ' ' 254^ 6, 676 95 51 ' ' 254.. 61 98 51 ' ' 254.. 804 00 51 ' ' 254. . 18 00 51 ' 254 108 00 51 ' * 254 ' ' 12,567 93 51 ' 254 . . 1,767 42 51 ' ' 254 6,754 11 51 ' ' 254.. '468 00 51 ' 254.. 436 86 51 ' ' 254 1,392 84 51 ' ' 254 585 00 51 ' ' 254 ' 108 00 51 ' ' 254.. 1,699 41 51 ' 254 . . 4,973 25 51 ' ' 254 . . 26 33 51 ' ' 254 . . 5 40 51 ' ' 254. . 174 57 51 ' ' 254. . 3,979 34 51 ' ' 254 . . 9 36 51 ' ' 254. 90 00 51 ' ' 254. . 402 00 51 ' ' 254. . 468 00 51 ' ' 254 387 00 51 ' 254 . . 1,776 72 51 ' 254.. 169 50 51 ' ' 254.. 540 00 51 ' 254.. 22 98 51 ' 254.. 122 25 51 ' 254.. 213 00 51 ' 254. . 10S 00 51 ' 254 . . 432 00 51 ' 254.. 90 00 51 ' 254 . 468 00 Amounts. 12—5^ 44 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 15. — Refunds of Revenue during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917— Continued. EXCISE — Continued. Articles and to whom paid. Malt — Continued . British Columbia Breweries, Ltd A. Keith & Son Geo. Cloos A. Keith & Son Wilson, Lytle, Badgeron Co., Ltd The National Breweries, Ltd., Reg. No. 7 The Frontenac Breweries, Ltd. Reg. No. 10 Westminster Brewery, Ltd Canadian B. & M. Co., Ltd. . . T. H. Carling H. Corby Distillery Co., Ltd. W. R. Holliday Wilson, Lytle, Badgeron Co., Ltd The National Breweries, Ltd. (Dawes) Frontenac Breweries, Ltd Canadian B. & M. Co., Ltd. . . The National Breweries, Ltd., Reg. No. 3 The National Breweries, Ltd., Reg. No. 7 Westminster Brewery, Ltd. . . . Canadian B. & M. Co., Ltd. . . The Victoria Phoenix Brewing Co., Ltd H. Corby Distillery Co., Ltd Bowie & Go's Brewery, Ltd.. The National Breweries, Ltd. Reg. No. 3 The National Breweries, Ltd. Reg. No. 7 Westminster Brewery, Ltd. . . Canadian B. & M. Co., Ltd. . A. Keith & Son M. J. Calcutt Canadian B. & M. Co., Ltd. . H. Corby Distillery Co., Ltd Wilson, Lvtle, Badgeron Co. Ltd James A . Rov H. Corby Distillery Co., Ltd Arthur Bixel The Canada Malting Co., Ltd Grant's Spring Brewery Co. Ltd The Hamilton Brewing Asso- ciation, Ltd Estate late Robert Stevenson John Fisher T. H. Carling John S. Labatt Brading Breweries, Ltd The Capital Brewing Co., Ltd Blake & Dunne Heisz & Tiede Date. 1916. Nov. 14 " 15 " 17 " 27 Dec. IS " 20 " 20 " 20 " 20 " 20 1917. Jan. 15 " 18 " 18 " 18 " 18 " 18 " 19 " 19 " 19 " 19 Feb. " 19 " 19 " 20 " 20 " 22 Mar. 12 " 22 April 5 " 19 " 24 " 24 " 24 April 24 " 24 Divisions. Vancouver Halifax St. Thomas Halifax Toronto Montreal New Westminster Vancouver London Thurlow Guelph Toronto Montreal Vancouver. .? Montreal New Westminster Vancouver Victoria Thurlow Brock ville Montreal New Westminster Vancouver Halifax Peterboro Vancouver Thurlow Toronto Belleville Brantford Dundas Hamilton Kingston Portsmouth London Ottawa Formosa Under what Authority Refunded. Amounts. $ cts. R.S., Cap. 51, Sec 254. . 2, 100 00 " 51 " 254. . l'S2 45 51 " 254. . 207 69 51 " 254. . 1,911 30 • u u 254. 1,430 40 51 " 254. . 351 00 " 51 " 254. 402 00 51 " 254' '. 54 00 " 51 " 254. . 1,354 44 51 " 254. . 51 33 " 51 " 254. 10,915 24 " 51 " 254 2 05 " 51 " 254. 1,572 84 " 51 " 254 74 28 51 " 254' ' 16 80 "■ 51 " 254. . 107 45 « " 5i " 254 85 50 " 51 " 254 222 30 51 " 254.'. 102 60 51 " 254. . 1,457 23 51 " 254. . 410 40 01 254 8,506 85 ft CI il 01 60 00 it ci « 01 914 85 50 a ki " 01 91 1 222 .30 it ei " 01 91 J. 102 60 tt ei it 01 OKA 602 77 " 51 " 254 1,670 31 51 " 254 '. '. 394 50 51 " 254 . 1,059 32 51 " 254. . 7,676 73 51 " 254. . 1,791 16 51 " 254. . 95 55 51 " 254. . 4,887 90 51 " 254. . 384 60 51 " 254.. 827 33 51 " 254. . 1,244 23 51 " 254. . 1,461 00 51 " 254. . 176 77 " 51 " 254. . 104 53 51 " 254. . 1,579 82 51 " 254. . 1,409 62 51 " 254. . 49 87 51 " 254 . . 1,053 00 51 " 254. . 102 60 51 " 254. . 213 60 Totals. $ cts. I I \ INOIAL RETl RNS 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 No. 15 Refunds of Revenue during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1017 ( '(Dilinucd. EXCISE— Coh^ijW. Articles and to whom paid. 1 >ate. Divisions. Jnder what Authority Refunded. Amounts. S cts. .S., Cap. 51, Sec. 254 .. 136 SO 51 " 254 85 50 " 51 it 254 73 64 " 51 " 254. 1 f'tA nn I , / 1 U 00 " 51 " 254 600 00 51 " 254 80 85 51 " 254.. 345 00 " 51 " 254 116 92 " 51 " 254'! 83 07 " 51 " 254. 9b/ 50 " 51 " 254. 1,132 50 " 51 " 2.54 930 00 " 51 " 254.. 0 82 51 " 254.. 75 00 " 51 " 254 Z,o2l 4U 51 " 254'' n Ton nn 9, /zO OU 51 " 254. . on r: l i in jy.oii to 51 " 254.. o qco no £ , say oo 51 " 254.. 845 51 " 51 " 254 OfiO on /Oi oO " 51 " 254 300 00 " 51 « 254 1,080 00 " 51 " 254 783 00 51 " 254 1.701 00 51 " 254.. 482 10 51 " 254.. 142 05 " 51 " 254 277 08 " 51 " 254 5 49 " 51 " 254 4.452 33 " 51 148 04 ft 5j tt 254 154 31 51 " 251.. 329 40 " 51 " 254.. o40 00 " 51 " 254.. ertrt An 500 00 " 51 " 254.. i non nn 1 . 020 00 " 51 " 254.. 1,500 00 51 " 254.. 152 70 51 " 254.. 1,433 37 51 " 254 . 133 36 51 " 254.. 63 87 51 " 254.. 381 90 " 51 " 254 . . 171 00 51 " 254.. 111 15 51 " 254.. 208 05 51 " 254.. 1,597 68 " 51 " 254. 2,639 98 51 " 254 . . 3 18 51 " 254.. 467 08 51 " 254.. 1.883 64 Malt — Continued. Jacob C. Huether Veronica Schwan John Arseott Sudbury B. & M. Co., Ltd. The Kakabeka Falls Brewing Co., Ltd Lakewood Brewing Co Diamond Brewery Co., Ltd... John Watson Felix Devlin The Walkerville Brewing Co., Ltd Hiram Walker & Sons, Ltd. . . A. L. Irim National Breweries, Ltd.(Wm. Dow) Royal Brewery Frontenac Breweries, Ltd Herbert Molson The Canada Malting Co., Ltd. La Brasserie Champlain, Ltd. Silver Spring Brewery, Ltd. . . St. Hyacinthe Distillery Co., Ltd Simeon Jones, Ltd Ready's Breweries, Ltd Halifax Breweries, Ltd A. Keith & Sons Oland & Son, Ltd The Brandon Brewing Co., Ltd..... The Empire Brewing Co., Ltd. The Lakewood Brewing Co., Ltd The Canada Malting Co., Ltd. Golden Lion Brewing Co Regina Brewing Co., Ltd Moose Jaw B. & M. Co., Ltd . . Hoeschen Wentzler Brewing Co The LTnion Brewing Co., Ltd.. The Silver Spring Brewery Co. Ltd. The Victoria Phoenix Brewing Co., Ltd Halifax Breweries, Ltd A. Keith & Son Ready's Breweries, Ltd T. H. Carling Frontenac Breweries, Ltd The National Breweries, Ltd., Reg. No. 3 The National Breweries, Ltd., Reg. No. 3 E. L. Drewry, Ltd Canadian B. & M. Co., Ltd. . . H. Corby Distillery Co., Ltd. La Brasserie Chaimplain, Ltd. J. P. Wiser & Sons, Ltd St. Lawrence Brewery, Ltd . . 1917. April May Neustadt Carlsruhe Walkerton. . . . Sudbury Fort William. Kenora Port Arthur.. . Listowel Stratford Walkerville. . . Windsor Montreal Valleyfield..., Montreal Quebec Sherbrooke. . . St. Hyacinthe St. John Halifax Brandon Kenora Winnipeg Prince Albert. Regina Moosejaw Saskatoon. . . . Nanaimo Victoria Halifax St. John London Montreal Winnipeg Vancouver. . . . Thurlow Quebec Prescott Cornwall 46 I XI. 1 YD REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 15. — Refunds of Revenue during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917 — Continued. LX< ISE— Continued. Articles and to whom paid. I >ate. Divisions. "nder what Authority Refunded. A mounts. % cts. S., Cap. 51, Sec. 254. . 203 10 51 " 254. . 615 00 " 51 " 254. . 1,000 SO • " 51 " 254. . 1,905 60 51 " 254. . 2,705 10 51 " 254. . 3,086 23 " 51 " 254 5,098 20 51 "x 254 i '. 29 10 51 " 254. . 54 00 51 " 254. . 60 00 " 51 " 254 118 60 51 " 254 . . 142 70 51 " 254. . 159 45 " 51 " 254 182 51 51 " 254^ 278 25 51 " 254. . 336 00 51 " 254. . 360 00 51 " 254. . 450 00 " 51 " 254 793 98 51 " 254 '. '. 3,822 00 51 " 254. . 65 10 " 51 " 254 129 41 " 51 " 254 \ '. 154 46 51 " 254. . 175 95 51 " 254. . 382 03 51 " 254. . 1,053 15 51 " 254. . 4.516 34 " 51 " 254. . 570 00 " 51 " 254.. 199 00 51 " 254. . 300 00 5! " 254. . 456 83 " ' 51 " 254 . 465 00 " 51 " 254. . 574 74 51 " 254.. OUU i70 51 " 254. . 2,333 63 " 51 " 254. . 767 47 51 " 254. . 484 13 51 " 254. . 205 20 .S.. Cap. 51, Sec. 254. . 366 94 51 " 254. 156 24 " 51 " 254 31 50 51 " 254. 15 00 51 " 254. . 127 50 51 " 254 39 58 51 " 254. . 143 50 " 51 " 254. 179 76 51 " 254. . 179 76 Ma It — Concluded . The Cosgrove Brewery Co., Ltd Soo Falls Brewing Co., Ltd. . L. Reinhardt Copland Brewing Co., Ltd. . . . The Dominion Brewery Co., Ltd The Cosgrove Brewery Co., Ltd Th« O'Keefe Brewery Co., Ltd ■Grand Forks Brewing Co Nelson Brewing Co Cranbrooke Brewing Co The Enterprise Brewing Co. . . Imperial Brewing Co., Ltd Le Roi Brewing Co Phoenix Brewing Co., Ltd. . The Elk Valley Brewing Co. . The Nelson Brewing Co., Ltd. Agnes Mueller Westminster Brewery, Ltd Fernie, Fort Steel Brewing Co. Canadian B. & M. Co., Ltd. . Geo. Sleeman Wm. H. Lutz ♦ Marv Race N. P. Reinhardt Wm. R. Halliday The Berlin Lion Brewery, Ltd Aloyes Banner Thos. F. Whyte The Medicine Hat Brewing Co Strathcona B. & M. Co., Ltd Edmohton B. & M. Co., Ltd. The Lethbridge B. & M. Co. Ltd The Canada Malting Co., Ltd. The Mountain Spring Brewing Co., Ltd Calgary B. & M. Co., Ltd Taylor & Bate Canadian B. & M. Co., Ltd. The Victoria Phoenix Brewing Co., Ltd 1917. May 8 '■' 8 ' 8 Tobacco. The Empire Tobacco Co. Imperial Tob. Co. of Canada, Ltd Wm. Goldstein & Co Imperial Tob. Co. of Canada Ltd M. Melachrino & Co., Ltd Imperial Tobacco Co Imperial Tob. Co. of Canada Ltd Imperial Tob. Co. of Canada Ltd May Toronto Sault Ste. Marie. Toronto Grand Forks Princeton Cranbrooke Revelstoke Kam loops Rossland Phoenix Natal Nelson Trail New Westminster Fernie Vancouver Guelph Gait New Hamburg . . . Preston Guelph Kitchener Waterloo Port Colborne. . . . Medicine Hat . Edmonton Lethbridge. Calgary St. Catharines. Vancouver Victoria June 13 « 27 July 24 " 27 Aug. 24 Sept. 22 Oct. Sherbrooke. . . Montreal Ottawa Montreal Sherbrooke. . . Montreal FIX A \ CIA L RFTI'RXV 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 No. 15 Refunds of Revenue during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917- Continued. EXCISE— Continued. Articles and to whom paid. Tobacco — Concluded . Tobacco Products Corporation, Ltd The Empire Tob. Co., Branch of Imperial Tob. Co Imperial Tob. Co., Ltd. (Cigar Dept.)... The Empire Tob. Co., Branch of Imperial Tob. Co., Ltd.. . The Tuckett Tobacco Co., Ltd The Empire Tob. Co., Branch of Imperial Tob. Co., Ltd.. . Forest, Ltd Philip Morris & Co., Ltd Imperial Tobacco Co. of Can- ada, Ltd Imperial Tobacco Co. of Can- ada, Ltd The Empire Tob. Co., Branch of Imperial Tob. Co., Ltd... The Empire Tob. Co., Branch of Imperial Tob. Co., Ltd.. . Tobacco Products Corporation Ltd The Dominion Tobacco Co — Wm. Goldstein & Co Cigars. Imperial Tob. Co. of Canada, Ltd Theodore Rodriguez Imperial Tob. Co. of Canada, Ltd The Strathcona Cigar Factory Imperial Tob. Co. Ltd. (Cigar Dept.) , Peterborough Havana Cigar Co Officers' Salary. S. Allen Dominion Vinegar Works Co. . The B.C. Distillery Co., Ltd. T. McCready & Son, Ltd Sundries. Wm. Bishop Thos. Jordan Buekwold & Corman Jos. E. Seagram Thos. Griffiths & Co., Ltd.. . . The Western Commercial Co., Ltd The Hudson Bay Co Wetaskiwin Wine & Spirits Co. Great West Liquor Co., Ltd Date. 1910. , " 6 Nov. 2 Dec. 20 " 20 1917. Jan. 16 " 25 Mar. 3 " 3 " 12 April 17 " 25 " 27 May 1 " 11 " 11 " 11 1916. June 13 " 27 July 24 " 28 Dec. 20 May 28 April 26 May 5 " 11 " 28 June 27 July 28 « 28 Sept. 22 " 22 Oct. 13 " 17 ,< 17 Divisions. Granby Montreal Granby Hamilton Granby Montreal Granby - Montreal Ottawa Montreal London Montreal Calgary Montreal Peterborough Norwich Hamilton Vancouver . . . St. John Port Arthur. . Winnipeg Edmonton. . . Wetaskiwin. . Calgary Under what Authority Refunded. Amounts. $ cts. R.S. Cap. 51, Sec. 254. . 42 09 51 " 254. . 103 60 51 " 254. . 119 94 51 " 254 258 23 « 51 " 254. . 15 50 51 " 51 " 51 " 254. . 254. 254. . 80 22 28 28 7 50 c 51 " 254. 338 13 < 51 " 254. . 28 13 51 " 254. 102 62 51 " 254. . 2 10 ( t 51 " 51 " 51 " 51 " 254. . 254. . 254. 254. . 19 90 3 46 71 07 45 00 R.S. Cap. 51, Sec. 51 " 254.. 254. . 6 75 45 83 51 " 51 " 254. . 254. . 8 85 37 50 51 " 254. . 11 25 51 " 254 . 5 53 R.S. Cap. 51, Sec 51 " 51 " 51 " 254.. 254. . 254. 254. . 300 00 300 00 300 00 R.S. Cap. 51, Sec 51 " 51 " 51 " 51 " 254.. 254. 254 254. 254. . 45 83 41 66 41 66 33 33 37 50 51 " 51 " 51 " 51 " 254. . 254 . . 254. . 254. . 37 50 37 50 33 33 37 50 48 IX LAX D REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 15. — Refunds of Revenue during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917 — - Continued. EXCISE — Continued. Articles and to whom paid. Date. Divisions. iat Authority unded. Amounts. $ cts. £nA. . 37 50 01 0 TLA 37 50 SI it 01 25 00 01 0 KA 29 16 01 ZO't. 25 00 01 ZD-t . . 50 00 01 O ~A ZQ*± . . 37 50 01 Z04 . . 25 00 01 tatrx . . 20 00 51 " 254. . 75 00 51 " 254. . 25 00 01 n - \ 20 83 01 . . 100 00 01 25 00 51 ' o " i Z04 100 00 51 " Z04 29 16 01 Z04 . . 6 00 01 Z04 . . 6 20 ol " Z04. . 3 20 01 lot. 3 80 51 " 254 5 30 51 " 254. . 3 90 01 254. . 4 70 51 O ^ 1 ZO'i. . 7 30 51 " 254 . 9 60 51 254. . 4 80 51 " 254 2 65 51 " 254. 150 00 51 " 254. . 2 00 51 " 254 20 65 51 254. . 53 50 51 " 254. . 25 00 0 1 zatr. Divisions. Jnder what Authority Refunded. Amounts. % cts. .S., Cap. 51, Sec. 254.. o zu 51 " 254 . 1ii XO 14 oz 51 " 254. . 1 A XX 51 " 254 . ?X QQ / 0 wo 51 " 254. . o c aa ZO UU 51 " 254. . 4f\f\ AA 4UU UU 51 " 254. . o e nn ZD UU 51 " 254. . 10 xn 1Z ou 51 " 254. . ( 0 UU 51 " 254 . ZD UU 51 " 254. . OX AA ZD UU 51 " 254. . ox a a ZD UU 51 " 254. . X(\ 9A 00 ZU 51 " 254. . 97 7A • Zl i 2 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 ■ o r~ -c — ■ — oowxta 2 O O 33 CO -h so to co -"J- to O — Q f~ >C o w >o so — ' co -r m io io « t: — s -r v — i W CI to CO _ _ OON00 oow-too CO > O fc£ 2 m O « g : J2 o -e.S a-| i<0O 41 C 3 OS Jl A 0) t> ^ C to m o as x to i— i to — ci x to co o io io oo o to co OOlOSflil «5 "5 OC - ■ t so -h oo ict/ ! lO lO CO CM tC CO □ Q i— i Oi Eh „ < - P4 H PO W > p FINANCIAL RETURNS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 05 Q c. o - '-i — « "-^ c3 W GO O 03 J2 03 00 U) g J S ^ 5cb < 5 |}P5 — =3 5 2 = f S £ |J -2 ? o " J JS O 05 o ■- :i oc'n u • 01 ' a 93 0 o 33 - '£ .2 .2 * -3 S a 1 s 3 — 0 e oS — a .5 si is s V « -3 t" tn » « 2" £ 6 0 O a S . = 3 3.3 2 — E 55 ■* 01 cj — ^2 >> >> >> ^ i_ — bO 54 ixlaxd KSI KS 8 GEORGE V, A. 1913 UJ o O O 1 " L C O -i K W - ■O CC 1^- © >-0 Ol i-t -r cr. -r © o oo — < o >n © © © "5 O CI OB M © © — © CO £52 «?- 02 O CO w a m O B. S 55 03 U -0 © 00 -f © CI CO >-0 CM CO L0 © o I © « lO © lO 1 _ ~ — = C r S © © to © m © oc — © © cm « o -t f © ~H © © CO © © 0C t— - © CO »0 C I 0C © © »0 © 1-1 « CO lit gij gg ill >- - - — ■- ---- - SOU u ■ a ~- ic c o o m is CN-hCCOO-h iCQONOLOCl ■ 0 X © -C © <~. t- oc — © >o — < 00 ^©t—"© Hrt O) •O © © © "5 — © CM, CO CM © CM © CO i-O © © IC © n « co n -h © © — © CO •a S3 ■ c © cr © © © .£ c © © © © © 0 © us © © ic us © OC ~ CO t- © © — © CO CM — — © « 2 . 55 2 5 « 6. - - £ C C U J3 Bel c S J3 ■ utj © © © 10 CM CM © CO CC — i c © co © © © © — l-» CO "fl t-- ©> oc © io © © o o © © © © © © © >c © »ra m ifl © »-o 01 © o i © © >-o x © © © »CJ «C © © © 1/3 © © CM ■* 0C © ci -r co >c »C CM t» 0O CO 1~ tO CM CM FINANCIAL RETURNS 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 as <35 7 SESSIONAL PAPER- No. 12 7161 'Ig qojBj\[ 'sjopodsuj ■85 CD CO ■ !M O N O 00 >C — * CO DOUSO CM <-1 rtl-IH 05 OS CO t>- CO OS 1"h N O » C» 00 CO 05 ac us r - x c CO t- — C5 00 r» co io co -i>~ us o — co so r — ■ - i - CM CO 00 tJI i-H 00 00 — -cf CM CM* i-T 00 CM 00 CM O CO t~ 35 m CM CM -* "tNwcBSBiH & CO 5 CJ x x H S3 y = - — _ - 35 r*» O CO IO C5 CM CO CO t~- CM 35 — I CO CO US 35 CM C5 CO NCIONOOO US M CC kO o -1- C"l O © 35 CM 00 CO 35 k» i. i: o CO f~ ~+ 35 00 "0 35 iC kO ^- o cs co >o co -o< cj cj "2 m Q £ C5 CO CO — < — < CO 1H r-l CM — 1 CM ko r~- P — us oo co co cm oo — < co ~. «5 — < CO oo us o* MMOOf CONrt COM 00 00 CM 00 00 c n N M cc 3 s x C: - UJ M Tf £?« — * c; 2 — so -3 i— • < 12-6 58 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 X O W »C Cl -r ci -.c ~ MI61 '18 qojBj^ 'sJo^oodsaj Aq anp saouBjBg x " r- ~ ^ o c i ■si-'; v. I- 5i — . -f CO — I i-TcJ M O! o n O 5S o o n « a — ■ CJ CO SO SO CI &5 ^x c3 O mil ■a oc — r. CO ci r. C O ■if .i = > C cS £5 % - ft ft O S 5»jc Ens P5 tH •< O-tf M oo oj sr. pa B — >— i CO SO SO sN FINANCIAL RETURNS 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 GAS INSPECTION, 1910-17. ■ No. 20. — Inspection Districts in Account with Revenue. Dr. Cr. Balances due by Inspectors, April 1, 1916. Stamps on Hand. Stamps issued to Inspectors Seizure and Penal- ties. Totals. Districts. T 1 , Ke- turned Dam- aged Stamps. Deposited to Credit of Receiver General. Balances due by Inspectois, Mar. 31, 1917. Totals. $ cts. 2,209 65 2,922 25 3,786 35 4,701 70 / , Zo / OU S cts. 1,125 00 6,800 00 6,430 00 $ cts. $ cts. 3,334 65 9,722 25 10,276 35 4,701 70 18,262 60 i cts. $ cts. 2,026 20 5,978 05 6,281 10 2,649 80 14,647 90 $ cts. 1,308 45 3,744 20 3,995 25 2,051 90 3,614 70 S cts. 3,334 65 9,722 25 10,276 35 4,701 70 18,262 60 Hamilton 60 00 London Ottawa in 07* fin Toronto 20,907 55 ZO,oOU uu 60 00 46,297 55 31,583 05 14,714 50 46,297 55 1,851 55 1,344 10 610 70 418 85 14,525 00 900 00 600 00 16,376 55 2,244 10 1,210 70 418 85 13,009 30 1,006 20 236 00 86 40 3,367 25 617 90 974 70 332 45 16,376 55 2,244 10 1,210 70 418 85 Quebec 620 00 St. John, N.B 4,225 20 16,025 00 20,250 20 Aon nn ozu uu 14,337 90 5,292 30 20,250 20 1,483 90 1 , 120 00 2,603 90 645 60 1,958 30 2,603 90 Halijax, N.S Charloltetown, P.E.I... Winnipeg, Man 328 85 1,275 00 30 00 1,633 85 543 60 1,090 25 1,633 85 1,218 05 1,218 05 39 50 1,178 55 1,218 05 32,852 10 32,852 10 2,780 55 30,071 55 32,852 10 Calgary, Alia 7,025 85 2,100 00 9,125 85 997 90 8,127 95 9,125 85 Vancouver 3,693 65 1,099 50 400 00 1,285 00 4,093 65 2,384 50 2,412 65 816 60 1,681 00 1,567 90 4,093 65 2,384 50 Victoria British Columbia 4,793 15 1,685 00 6,478 15 3,229 25 3,248 90 6,478 15 Grand Totals 72,834 65 47,535 00 90 00 120,459 65 620 00 54,157 35 65,682 30 120,459 65 Inland Revenue Department, J. U. VINCENT, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. Deputy Minister. 12— 0i 60 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 GAS INSPEC Dr. No. 21. — Inspection Districts in Balances due by Inspectors, April 1, 1916. Amounts received from Department to meet Expendi- tures . Deductions from Salaries for Super- annuation. Retirement. Guarantee. Totals. Districts. cts, $ cts, $ cts. $ cts 1,268 46. 5,745 31 6, 187 80 7,305 59 11,556 52 32,063 68 12 88 12 12 88 200 00 21-2 88 8,857 76 762 38 492 06 10, 112 20 98 16 2,717 13 2,815 29 2,935 37 2,935 37 496 32 6,740 28 656 16 4 10 1,532 79 1 , 536 89 17 37 337 56 7 92 90 00 7 92 90 00 3 96 3 96 1 92 1 92 57 711 12 316 12 1,725 18 1,772 11 13 80 90 00 61,524 53 13 80 90 00 $ cts. 9 75 10 65 7 98 23 40 51 78 14 91 4 20 3 90 23 01 1 80 5 40 7 20 7 20 7 20 3 60 9 60 5 40 5 40 107 79 107 79 $ cts. 1,268 46 5,755 06 6,198 45 7,313 57 11,677 84 32, 213 38 8,872 67 766 58 499 92 10,139 17 99 96 2,722 53 2,822 49 2,944 49 12 88 2,957 37 499 92 6,749 88 656 16 4 10 1,538 19 1,542 29 17 37 337 56 57,935 59 516 12 1,725 18 1,772 11 61,949 00 Belleville Hamilton London Ottawa Toronto . Ontario Montreal Quebec Sherbrooke .... Quebec Fredericton ,. St. John . . . .New Brunsicick Halifax Pictou .... Nova Scotia Charlottetown, P.E.I. . . . .Winnipeg, Man .... Calgary, Alberta Vancouver Victoria ... British Columbia. . . . Insp. of Eastern Dom. " Western " ...Totals General Contingencies... Printing Stationery Grand Totals Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. FINANCIAL RETURNS 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 TION, 1916-17. Account with Expenditures. Cr. Expenditures authorized by the Department. Balances due' Ijv Inspectors, March 31, 1917. Salaries. Special Assistance. Rent . Travelling Expenses. Sundries. f cts. $ cts. 692 82 632 00 429 57 2,4b4 42 180 00 $ cts. 200 00 65 00 $ cts. 272 95 596 85 655 20 2 00 217 30 % cts. 102 69 244 64 193 63 42 51 201 06 % cts. % cts. 1,268 46 5,755 06 6 198 45 - 7', 313 57 1 1 (\77 £4. 4,216 57 4,920 05 4,374 74 10,899 48 429 90 180 00 24,410 84 4,398 81 874 90 1,744 30 784 53 32,213 38 8,099 84 7(iii 5S 499 92 66 00 432 00 123 05 151 78 8,872 67 766 58 499 92 9,366 34 66 00 432 00 123 05 151 78 10,139 17 99 96 2,399 88 99 96 2 722 53 4 00 287 15 31 50 2,499 84 4 00 287 15 31 50 2,822 49 2,-399 88 507 36 18 65 18 60 2,944 49 12 88 12 88 2,399 88 507 36 18 65 18 60 12 88 2,957 37 499 92 499 92 O, * oo 6, 749 88 515 02 91 30 49 84 656 16 35 6 20 3 75 28 11 4 10 1,538 19 1,499 88 4 00 1,499 88 4 00 6 55 31 86 1,542 29 17 37 105 66 17 37 337 56 231 90 47,426 58 4,987 83 1,814 26 2,502 90 1,191 14 316,12 1,725 18 1,772 11 12 88 200,00 57,935 59 516 12 1.725 18 1,772 11 47,426 58 4,987 83 1,814 26 2,502 90 5,004 55 212 88 61,949 00 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 62 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1913 ELECTRIC LIGHT INSPECTION, 1916-17. No. 22. — Inspection Districts in Account with Revenue. Dr. Cr. Balances due by Inspectors, April 1 , 1916. Stamps on Hand. Stamps issued to Inspec- tors. Totals. Districts. Returned Damaged Stamps. Deposited to Credit of Receiver General. Balances due by Inspectors, March 31, 1917. Stamps on Hand. Totals. S cts. 5,632 05 1,552 35 1,659 10 3,989 35 4,060 35 2,714 05 3,546 50 $ cts. $ cts. 5,632 05 3,052 35 8,159 10 11,039 35 7,660 35 2,714 05 19,871 50 Belleville S cts. $ cts. 2,216 40 '979 50 4,499 70 6! 523 95 4,568 20 L558 20 11,363 40 $ cts. 3,415 65 2,' 072 85 3,659 40 4^515 40 3,092 15 L155 85 s , 51 (8 1 1 S cts. 5,632 05 3! 052 35 8,159 10 ll! 039 35 7,660 35 2! 714 05 19,871 50 1,500 00 6,500 00 7,050 00 3,600 00 Fort William Hamilton London Ottawa Sudbury 16,325 00 Toronto. Ontario Sherbrooke St. Hyacinthe Three Rivers Quebec St. John, N.B Halijax, N.S Charlottctown, P.E.I 23,153 75 34,975 00 58, 128 75 31,709 35 26,419 40 58,128 75 8,098 20 1,142 80 736 45 1,066 55 795 70 10,750 00 2,300 00 2,300 00 740 00 1,060 00 18,848 20 3,442 80 3,036 45 1,806 55 1,855 70 13,675 15 2,' 489 05 903 35 927 40 862 15 5, 173 05 '953 75 2,133 10 '879 15 993 55 18,848 20 3^442 80 3,036 45 L806 55 1,855 70 11,839 70 17,150 00 28,989 70 18,857 10 10,132 60 28,989 70 1,118 05 3,175 00 4,293 05 1,848 15 2,444 90 4,293 05 1,636 65 2,100 00 3,736 65 2,053 65 1,683 00 3,736 65 1,731 75 1,731 75 198 00 1,533 75 1,731 75 Winnipeg, Man 45,916 90 45,916 90 2,887 90 43,029 00 45,916 90 Rcgina, Sash 4,612 05 4,012 0.5 2,019 80 2,592 25 4,612 05 Calgary Edmonton 7,360 80 5,080 50 4,500 00 11,860 80 5,080 50 1,926 70 885 90 9,934 10 4,194 60 11,860 80 5,080 50 Vancouver Victoria Dawson, Yukon 12,441 30 4,500 00 16,941 30 2,812 60 14,128 70 16,941 30 0,749 zo 2,844 95 7 , 2(a) UU 1,260 00 10,949 25 4,104 95 6,793 15 1,935 90 4,156 10 2,169 05 10,949 25 4, 104 95 6,594 20 8,460 00 15,054 20 8,729 05 6,325 15 15,054 20 1,350 00 1,350 00 1,350 00 1,350 00 Export of Electric Power Licenses. Electrical Standard — Laboratory Fees. Grand Totals 110,394 35 70,360 00 180,754 35 250 00 101 58 71,115 60 250 00 101 58 109,638 75 180,754 35 250 00 101 58 110,394 35 70,360 00 181 , 105 93 71,467 18 109,638 75 181,105 93 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. FINANCIAL RETURNS 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 iffirofioaoa _ -t<©0©*^00 oc -*< oo c-i t~ t~ t~ "ZI6I '\£ ijoawj^ 's.io^oacls r — t - 00 o fr- OOOiDOHO ojtoomo-'oo c3 s in E2 ^ ±* C w >5*^ o te S _ o<< ■J3.s > S Cr. r. H 3 ^ .8 -~ ? ~ fcZ <7 C? a; o ^ Jf S 10 1PO"10C~0 -■iiOCOHj.3 CO O M CJ IR W O N to O ?J f I C /. oot— •>*l00 P C O C /J S £ £ I c §■§ Q co >ra o c-i o o o ■f 00OOOI-OH 64 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 « s» s o 0> +3 Oh X d o o O 2 H S g O B Ph 02 CO CM 6 -7 - r: go c § £ g S a a t J o "S fi 8 fa l a M I — o SO IO OS —1 O-- O so CO — - 1 — >n ~s so +i SO C3 IS | 8 \ Col O Daw -all .S — — _e T. 50 c :_ ■HI 0 fin CO m < £ Q CT> SO CM ir; IG CO i-H SO 00 «5 O) O so o ■* SM — < NU5 00 r— so us> m pc -t so - 1 t— so iO 8 i— i > 0 B CN B T Eg B u > B « C < FIN A NOIA L RETURNS 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 No. 24. — Statement showing the Amounts voted and the Expenditures for each Service for the Year ended March 31, 1917. Service. Grants. Expenditures, Over Expended. Minister's salary Departmental salaries " contingencies Excise salaries '* contingencies T War tax contingencies Special War Act Duty pay at large distilleries and other fac- tories Duty pay other than special survey Preventive service salaries \ . . . " contingencies Tobacco stamps Excise commission to custom officers Tobacco stamps Commission Provisional Allowance, Excise Provisional Allowance, Weights and Measure Provisional Allowance, Gas and Electric Ligh Methylated Spirits contingencies Minor Expenditures Weights and Measures salaries Weights and Measures contingencies Gas and Electric Light salaries Gas and Electric Light contingencies Adulteration of Food salaries and contingencies Export of Electric Power International Bureau of Weights and Measure International Electro Technical Commission Proprietary or Patent Medicines Special Translation S cts. 7,000 00 173,250 00 20,000 00 575,876 25 90,000 00 125,000 00 782 50 16,000 00 2,000 00 101,000 00 15,000 00 130,000 00 5,000 00 11,000 00 4,500 00 4,000 00 155,000 00 500 00 145,250 00 85,000 00 88,500 00 59,000 00 45,000 00 1,000 00 800 00 400 00 2,000 00 291 93 Totals. 1,863,150 $ cts. 7,000 00 128,431 97 19,327 55 492,591 20 80,743 93 42,312 65 782 50 13,365 30 1,215 05 84,999 59 11,754 92 82,889 50 3,145 71 9,526 85 4,690 23 2,286 44 154,788 74 131 00 109,951 11 73,229 11 66,969 12 38,963 40 41,523 06 216 15 850 00 291 93 1,471,977 01 cts. 190 23 190 23 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 66 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 ONOCONOOnOOOOOO oa x -*i o» <"* U3 00 Ol Ol O S3 « 2 n O c3 £ 3 00 00 Kl W O DO U3iH J. i T3 ; >£> a „ • : : : -S a" a co co • . , ,J2 m co lo oc o * 00 X c; ca o « 73 2 -^ „ =5 -J 83 ~ 7 O co co * § s 2 S= = 5 5 S.P ^ a « £3t3 +a C =3 "tf j3 r- gt7D S5 ^, m CO CO S> "0 (N - ■g^i^oo—ioot^js g —I ©CM© rj c3 -^"PQ pa »— ■ co i— i io o CO — O CO CO O CM © CM © Oa co 00 ci c . ^ 00 • 00 43, - +3 c3 j3 co c3 as 2" §§11* >S CO -"fl cS "0: >C "S - co co oj O *i c Z z c .3 eJ e3 co a c e o -rf c3 CO CM ' — ^ ^ T3 "-* c3 PQ C *d -*i <° C c3 ;"goQ g '3.© ■* CO - t>- t>» •^3 CM CM CM £ * r-Tco" PQ © CO — © © co © 00 CO © © .-H CO © CM © Tfl © © CO «-0 i— c CO iO CM © CM cTt^'cO i-h © fH CM © CO CO CO CO " -3 © ia "-o *-« +i 43 ■ _g c3 cS cS O g o o s £ S 2 ^ CO « 6- |0Q O I © C-t-l. *cm c3 oo J co 03 ; 2 § gb -C* CO w ■ CO +? _o 43 c3 oT " © •CO « CM © o£ ©2 .-51 ret;? ' ^ co . c -CO , "5 O iiooo co' <8 0 • ■ «mM CO © -* t-~ Cj ^< © CO ©"l-l FINANCIAL RETURNS G7 ESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 ~>-i SHO oo o oo .13 S?«a S 5 O On 5 g o O OS O oo O C 03 « o tn » 3 03 o "2 ■olg * .2 o =55 O '-5 f-H ^ oo 00 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX A. STATISTICS 70 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX A.— No. 1. — Return of Manufactures for Divisions. Licenses. Materials Taken' for Use. Grain. No. Fees. Malt. Indian Corn. Rye. Oats. Wheat. Belleville, Ont i l 1 1 4 1 2 2 $ zou 250 250 875 250 500 500 Lbs. o, lOo, *400 Lbs. Lbs. 9 £77 99fi Lbs. Lbs. Perth " 290, 130 5,980,600 885,922 29,780 27,781 851,360 12,216,000 2,890,440 101,800 Totals Joliette, Que 12 2,875 4,299,956 64,648,028 6,653,588 131,580 27,781 1 2 2 250 500 500 3,516,592 3,249,624 3,584,394 Montreal " St. Hyacinthe " 152,805 1,549,835 192,835 Totals 5 1,250 3,669,397 4,799,459 3,777,229 1 250 Grand Totals 18 4,375 7,969,353 69,447,487 10,430,817 131,580 27,781 No. 2. — Comparative Statement of Manufactures foi 1916. 10 5 1 2,375 1,125 250 1,866,095 2,997,760 29,360,143 3,645,948 3,664,731 3,268,152 169,130 Quebec British Columbia Totals 16 12 5 1 3,750 2,875 1,250 250 4,863,855 4,299,956 3,669,397 33,006,091 64,648,028 4,799,459 6,932,883 6,653,588 3,777,229 169,130 131,580 1917. 27,781 British Columbia Totals 18 4,375 7,969,353 69,447,487 10,430,817 131,580 27,781 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. STATISTICS 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 SPIRITS. the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. Total Grain. Molasses. Used in Spirits Manufactured. i roo* spirits Manufactured. Duty Collected ex-manu- factory, on Deficiencies and Assessments. Total Duty Collected ex-manu- factory, in- cluding License Fees. Grain. Molasses. Lbs. 52,487,120 Lbs A (179 S4fl Lbs. 52,709,058 Lbs. 4,072,840 Galls. 3,300,140-00 23 11 Galls. $ cts. $ cts. 250 00 363 35 312 26 922 20 250 00 2,624 91 5,475 54 47-23 25-94 19-50 113 35 62 26 47 20 7,214,214 7,208,614 436, 167-31 885-38 2, 068 '12 2,124 91 4,975 54 16,059,600 15,624,600 931,443-08 75,760,934 7,072,840 75,542,272 4,072,840 4,667,773-50 3,046-17 7,323 26 10,198 26 10,350,610 10,315,615 511,912-89 1,116,769-67 103,612-88 250 00 500 00 500 00 23,343,876 23,343,876 1,895,475 1,882,665 12,246,085 23,343,876 12,198,280 23,343,876 1,732,295-44 1,250 00 50-20 33-83 81 19 331 19 88,007,019 27,416,716 87,740,552 27,416,716 6,400,119-14 3,080-00 7,404,45 11,779 45 the Fiscal Years ended March 31, 1916 and 1917. 35,060,099 9,911,860 3,334,166 11,550,294 35,854,099 9,959,490 3,334,166 11,550,294 2,401,258-24 1,048,753-31 3,334-63 8,004 19 10,379 19 1,125 00 2,004 69 731-12 1,754 69 44,971,959 75,760,934 12,246,085 14,884,460 4,072,840 23,343,876 45,813,589 75,542,272 12,198,280 14,884,460 4,072,840 23,343,876 3,450,011-55 4,667,773-50 1,732,295-44 50-20 4,065-75 3,046 17 9,758 88 7,323 26 13,508 88 10,198 26 1,250 00 331 19 33-83 81 19 88,007,019 27,416,716 87,740,552 27,416,716 6,400,119-14 3,080-00 7,404,45 11,779 45 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 72 IX LAN t) REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX A.- No. 3. — Statement showing transactions in the Distilleries in the Divisions. In Process, including Deficiencies brought forward . Manufactured including Surpluses. Returned to Distillery for Redistillation . In Bond. Galls. Galls. Galls. 187,364-26 2,449-12 656-98 3,300, 140 00 23-11 9,141-54 270-51 121-10 57,599-98 25,929-74 19,901-57 436,167-31 1,235-54 87,578-22 133,798-87 931, 443 08 294,022-75 4,667,773-50 232,024-68 9,841-79 57,115-41 19,289-48 511,912-89 1,116,769-67 103,612-88 11,886-66 19,760-99 1,366-49 86,246-68 1,732,295-44 33,01414 2,461-84 50-20 117-37 382,731-27 6,400,119-14 265, 156- 19 Belleville, Ont. Guelph Hamilton Perth Prescott Toronto Windsor Totals Joliette, Que Montreal " St. Hyaeinthe, Que. Totals. Vancouver, B.C. Grand Totals. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. / STATISTICS 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 SPIRITS — Continued. Dominion of Canada, during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. Received fkom Other Sources. Totals. Warehoused. Fusel Oil Written off. Deficiencies on which Duty Collected. In Process, including Deficiencies carried forward. Totals. Duty Paid. In Bond Galls. 36-70 1,61313 1,959-13 Galls. Galls. 3,496,682-50 4,355-87 2i616- 11 121-10 496,079-88 115,23005 1 f\Q(l MOft AO 1 , UoO, UZO • 4Z Galls. 3,415,163-83 1,514-04 1^974-90 73-93 474,109-71 100,258-54 i no-? fi/io io i , uzo, o4y ; iy Galls. 5,621-43 313-74 222-07 Galls. Galls. 75,897-24 2,480-86 '393-20 27-67 20,622-45 12,365-71 fin *>Arv 1 1 OU, .jUy • 11 Galls. 3,496,682-50 4,355-87 2-616-11 121 ■ 10 496,079-88 115,23005 1 noc nnc An 1 , U8b, U/6-42 47-23 25-94 19-50 507-44 1,722-09 882-90 569-61 1,347-72 1,720-42 885-38 O HAG 1 O 6,721-39 569-61 5,201,111-93 5,016,744-14 9,225-38 3,04617 172,096-24 5,201,111-93 533,641-34 1,193, 646 07 124,366-59 516,319-80 1,134,179-31 108,568-88 17,321-54 55,749-85 15,758-37 533,641-34 1,193,64607 124,366-59 3,716-91 39-34 97-74 97-74 1,851,654-00 1,759,067-99 3,756-25 88,829-76 1,851,65400 6-94 2,636-35 2,602-52 33-83 2,636-35 6,826-07 569-61 7,055,402-28 6,778,414-65 12,981-63 3,080-00 260,926-00 7,055,402-28 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 12—7 8 GEORGE V . SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX A. — SPIRITS — Concluded. , — Comparative Statement of Warehouse Returns for the Fiscal years ended I Received from other Divisions. Totals. Kntered for Consumption. Removed to other Divisions. Removed during year. In Transit last year. Quantity. Duty. Warehoused in Divisions to w hich removed. In Transit. Gallons. 1,418,445 48 } l,386,GG8-90 • 89,622 22 34,724 08 Gallons. 7,439 67 11,868-78 1,763 38 275 71 Gallons. 23,556,971 96 5,174,250 01 111 OQO • Qf» 40,603 83 Gallons. 1,439,365 49 1,339,778 75 70,698 78 34,671 -85 $ cts. 3,441,182 81 3,207,638 81 Gallons. 2,642,9S9-31 949,188 29 Gallons. 146,559-83 22, 255 06 83,238 61 37 31 795,650 38 287,641 21 327,718 02 351,058 13 6,169 77 188-42 i 370,532 11 108,^72-12 134,791-94 75,442 02 2,576 80 16,819 48 343 59 3,517"- 16 2,674 11 128,093 99 183,016 65 494,642 74 3,913 60 8,612 54 332,483 68 119,778 19 130,484-79 147, 102 12 2,570-75 12,516 57 1,038 01 2,172 97 13,082 10 404 3'J 34-68" * 3,621,175 67 44,701 88 30,149,961 96 3,629,324 40 8,687,565 80 3,621,175 67 169,313 90 2,280,898 53 3,387,333 74 101,699 27 33,716 92 487,227 74 153,468 07 32, 427 32 128,600 40 2,553 01 67 653 78 50,579 22 10,186-74 6,010 20 14,341 53 5,03121 8, 189 09 7,322- 13 25,144,924 95 7,756,621-19 134,736 80 45,154 54 553,439 69 165,777 67 66,044 51 448,120 27 3,895 86 8,612 54 1,350,960 13 1,792,701-37 119,492 07 40,506 14 307,152 60 153,304 18 32,6 i5' 37 258,518 51 2,787-01 3,238,227 99 4,295,551 63 287,037 62 97,226 48 876,909 36 368,140 41 78,382 34 620,622 27 0,689 00 5,324,973 37 1,232,096 87 536 53 2,914-14 22,055 52 4,960 70 2,263 55 18,124 92 190,540 -41* 14, 696 13 1.54( 47 3,089 20 ' '560:5i 6,607,925 60 169,313 90 34,327,328-08 4,118,147 38 9,868,787 10 6,607,925 60 216,432 78 in the manufacture of Methylated Spirits at Government Warehouse, Ottawa. Total duty collected ex-manufactory and ex- warehouse. . . ... $8,6! License fees $8,70 Dr. Divisions. Belleville, Ont. Brantford Guelph Hamilton Kingston London Ottawa ,, Government Warehouse. ,, Department Laboratory. Owen Sound, Ont Perth Peterborough n Port Arthur u Prescott " St. Catharines n - • Stratford ii Toronto 11 Windsor n Totals. Que Joliette, Montreal Quebec St. Hyacinthe Sherbrooke Three Rivers St. John, N.B. Halifax, N.S Pictou ii . . . . Totals. . . Winnipeg, Man . Moosejaw, Sask Calgary, Alta Vancouver, B.C. Victoria n Totals. Dawson, Y.T., Sundries Grand Totals. 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1918 APPENDIX A. — SPIRITS — Continued. No. 4 — Warehouse Return for the Fiscal year ended March 31, 1917. 74 Cb. Remaining n Warehouse frtm last year. Gallons. 1,245,016 29 9,991 -85 1,643,410-63 653,472 09 13,008 12 791-72 20,907 37 6,740-20 1,665 66 97,031-6; 128 09 8,690-3' 938,613.25 387 40 1,119-41 4,945,674 96 7,473,518-75 17,060,16/-89 981,318-59 1,065,293 96 43,815 31 335,762-81 11,031-38 28 57 2,437,250 62 22,850 85 4,83931 588-11 5,427-4; 51,870 42 7,277 25,428 299,590 9,976 309,575 1,342 8,612 19,929,804-47 Warehoused Gallons. 3,415,163 83 1,514 04 1,974 90 73-93 474, 109 71 100,258-54 *33 74 1,023,649 19 *33'74 5,016,744-14 J9.06 516,319 80 *21,557-35 \ 1,134,179-31 108,568 88 J9 06 *21,557'35 1,759,06799 2,602-52 2,602 52 t9 06 *21,59109 6,778,414 65 Imported. Gallons. 592,397-02 65,029 64 Received from other Divisions. Removed during year. 62,000 211 Gallons. 56,056 13,785 20,490 199,145 27,161 8,243 156,990 245,448 38 19,109 871,661 2,872 80,433 2,318 3,293 9,043 482,997 719,426 87 *143 7h 40,569 42 60,110 04 ©143 75 100,679 46 ©143 75 820,125-51 81,802 14 2,280,898 53 5,774-78 1,150,784-48 307, 191 13 1,850,355 52 72,835 11 392 72 3,387,333 74 101,699 27 7,754 96 25,961-96 33,716 92 487,227 74 153,468 67 32,427-32 80,536 50 48,063-91 128,600 40 2,553 0 6,607,925-61 In Transit last year. 196 09 ' 1,373-62 2,446 41 5136 413-8: 3,188 30 5, 359 15 1«,854 95 27 ' 90 56 37 14 18 1,576 07 36,095-56 67,653 78 43,630 6,286 168 178 315 10,186 2,935 3,-076 8,189 3,463 3,858 7,322 169,313 90 Totals. Gallons. 4,716, 132 23,777 1,666,794 857,039 40,220 9,448 181,086 257,547 38 20,774 ■ 1 578,019 3,028 89, L80 1,480,085 3,681 11,739 5,627,026 8,579,003 8 25,144,924 95 1,503,422 23 3,456,158 75 357,293 10 2,294,855 32 144,155 35 736 44 7, 756,621 19 134,736-8<: 15,528 02 29,026-52 553,439 165,777 66,044 386,202 61,917 448,120 2; 3,8£5 86 8,612 54 34,327,328-08 Entered for consumption. Quantity . Gallons. 60,759-60 12,914 TO 104,569-08 112,406- 14 17,31065 8,400 02 155,119-70 60,142 91 1,019-45 66,229 47 52,448 23 3,681-0' 11,007-99 472,114-04 212,237-08 1,350,960-13 11, 615 00 1,349,884-03 287,434 00 71,24134 71, 909 13 707-87 1,792,791 37 119,492 07 12,503 64 28,002-50 10,506 14 367,152 60 32,035 37 211,536-31 46,982-2( 258,518-51 2,787-01 4,118,147 Si- Duty. cts 145,887 30,999 47 262,233 47 269,803 22 41,550 8b 20,160 94 372,791 4 136.322 20 2,446 67 158,997 77 145,385 73 8,834 51 27,528 36 1,110,961 70 504.323 85 3,238,227 99 28,065 67 3,212,746 45 690,464 99 171,765 16 190,809 09 1,700 27 4,295,551 63 287,037 62 30,016 35 67,210 13 97,226 48 876,909 36 368,140 41 78,382 34 507,794 08 112,828 19 620,622 27 6,689 00 9,868,787 10 Removed to other Divisions. Warehoused in Divisions to which removed . Gallons. 2,855,503-20 134 46 116,443 27 62,420-13 "650-83 3,338 53 19,077-25 45 25 13,856-72 774,598-58 842,743 09 636, 162 06 5,324,973-37 420,655- 14 690,433 57 121,008 10 1,232,096 87 536 53 2,914-14 4,960 70 2,263 55 13,756 92 4,368-00 18,124 92 6,607,925 60 In Transit. Gallons. 120,241-73 6,508 80 2, 984 07 4,247-91 209 67 13131 17,156-00 45,060 92 196,540-41 2,994-81 10,5:6 59 1,174 73 14, 696 13 1,546-4^ 3,089-26 419 10 14141 Taken for Redistillation Gallons. 9,14154 270 :oi 87,578 22 133,798 87 232,024 68 11,886-66 19,760-99 1,360 49 33,014 14 117-35 117 37 265,156-19 % Surplus in Bottling Room. © Seizure. *Re-Warehoused. Free. Legal Allowance. Gallons. 21,806 38 49,830 67 23,552 13 1,260 68 13,760 27 26,445 55 18*, 647 -57 325,303 25 1,078 31 5,448 27 4,46175 10,988-33 3,986 99 3,986 99 Other. Gallons. 1,744 2,011 319 72 38 1,963- 42i : 2,400 80 888 19 9,859-86 73-60 73 60 227 '26 7161 298-87 10,232 33 Exported. Gallons. 191,149-82 14 2i 40,776-28 127,455 14 73 TO 751-98 114,616 5( 14,703-03 797,365-85 1,286,905 92 343 42 149 : 03 13 33 110 24 110 24 16 7 1,46196 11676 1,578 72 1,289-117-41 Used in Bonded Factories. Gallons 9,832-9! 24,394 61 13,693 94 "252,546 '71 15,140-39 1,469,884-20 65,029 64 479,007-77 37,219-57 *252,546 71 2, 114,203 16 156,830-48 23,390 13 1, 812,568T1 60, 110 04 2,052,898 71 6, 827 'Of 72, 607 98 24,762-22 2,382-57 2,382 57 *252,546-71 4,273,682 37 Remaining in Warehouse. Totals 1,457, 1,346. 501. % 2"-', 4 i,634 1,654 457,7' 3,684,878 6,527,623 14,051,607-46 1,055, 192 31 1,222,931 40 46,468 9 282,812 11 12,136 18 28-57 2,619,569 54 7,867-25 1,624 02 1,624 02 90,060-37 4,423 53 6,383-37 152,314 03 10,237-78 162,551 81 1,108 85 8,612-54 16,953,808-74 4,716, 23, 1,666, 857, 40, 9, 181, 257, 20, 1,578. 3i 89. 1,480! 3. 11 5,627, 432 38 77r37 8,579,003 82 25,144,924 95 1,503,422 23 3,456,158-75 357,293 2,294,855 144,155 736 7,756,621 134,736 15,528 29,626 45, 154 553,439 165,777 66,044 386,202 61,917 448,120 3,895 8,612 19 34,327,328 08 - Used in the manufacture of Me hylated Spirits at Government Warehouse, Ottawa. Inland Revenue Department, 12—7| Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 75 Dr. Provinces. 8 GEORGE V • SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1918 APPENDIX A. — SPIRITS — Concluded. No. 5. — Comparative Statement of Warehouse Returns for the Fiscal years ended March 31, 1916 and 1917. Cr. 1916. Ontario Quebec. . New Brunswick Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island Manitoba Saskatchewan Allierta British Columbia Yukon Territory Sundries Totals 1917. Ontario Quebec New Brunswick Nova Scotia Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Yukon Territory Sundries Totals Remaining in Warehouse from last Year. Gallons. 19,229,647 2,655,948 19,847 5,604 61,272 19,378 44,707 408,278 1,336 8,612 54 Warehoused, Gallons. 2,819,812 33 f *13'98 1 1,113,044 83 22,454,633 84 17,060; 2,437, 22, 5, 51, 7. 25, 309, 1. 250-6: 850-85 427-42 870-42 277-79 428 10 575 99 342 85 612-54 19,929,804-47 *13-98 3,941,104-79 t33'74 5,016,744 14 T21,557'35 1,759,067-99 *9 06 *9 06 t21,591-09 6,778,414-65 Received from other Divisions ■Imported. j R?moved during year. Gallons. 81,627 fl,426 5,278 Gallons. tl,426 27 86,905-53' 1,418 | 1,386, ■ 89. 34! 724 08 ,445-48 668-90 622 22 370, 108. 134! 75, 2, 532 11 ^72 -12 791-94 442 02 576 80 3,621,175 67 719,426 87 143-75: 100,679-46 19 23 2,280,898 53 3,387,333-74 101,699 27 33,716 92 487,227-74 153,468 67 32, 427 32 128,600 40 2,553 01 tl43'75; 820,125 56 0,607,925-60 In Transit last year. Gallons. 7,439 11,868 1,763 275 10,819 343 3,5ir 2,674 44,701-88 67,653 -78 50,579 22 10,186-74 6,010 20 14,34153 5,03121 8, 189 09 7,322 13 Gallons. 23,556,971 5,174,250 111.232 40,603 448,623 128,093 183,016 494,642 3,913 8,612 30,149,961-96 25,144,924-95 7,756,621-19 134,736 45,154 553,439 165,777 66,044 448,120 3,895 8,612 169,313 90 34, 327, 328 '( Kntered for Consumption. Quantity. Gallons. 1,439,365 1,339,778 76,698 34,67) 332,483 119,778 136,484 147, 192 2,570 3,629,324-40 1,350,960 13 1,792,791-37 119,492 07 40, 506 14 367,152 60 153,304-18 32,6.35 -37 258,518-51 2,787-01 4,118,147-38 Duty. $ cts. 3,441,182 81 3,207,638 81 184,230 75 83,238 61 37 31 795,650 38 287,641 21 327,718 02 351,058 13 6,169 77 8,687,565 80 3,238,227 99 4,295,551 63 287,037 62 97,226 48 876,909 36 368,140 41 78,382 34 620,622 27 6,689 00 9,868,787 10 Removed to other Divisions. Warehoused m Divisions to which removed. Gallons. 2,642,989 949,188 188 12,516 1,038 2,172 13,082 3,621,175 67 5,324,973 37 1,232,096-87 536 53 2,914-14 22,055-52 4,960-70 2,263-55 18,124-92 6,607,925 60 ; Taken for In Transit. \ Redistillation. Gallons. 169,313 90 Gallons. 243 16 443,690 31 196,540-41| 232,024- 14,696 13 33,014 14 1.54(-47 3,089 26 560 51 216,432-78 117 3; 265,156-19 Legal Allowance. Gallons. 914 12 217,059 81 325,303 25 10,988 33 3,986 99 340,278 57 Other. Gallons. 6,03139 1,993' 38 71 44 "'8S:6i 1,869 98 10,054-80 9,859-86 73-60 Exported. Gallons. 807,350 6! 294 85 808,134 5; 1,286,905-92 492-45 13 33 110 24 16-7; 1,578-72 -,117-41 Used in Bonded Factories. Gallons. / *161,044 I 747,284 323,063 11,611 ol,2UO 18.930 8,26S *161,044 11 1,160,35992 f *252,546-71 \ 2,114,203-16 2,052,898 76 6,827-68 72,607-98 24,762 22 2,382 57 ♦252,546 '71 4,273,682-37 Remaining in Warehouse. Gallons. ■17,000,107 Lit J 2,437,250 82,850 5,427 51, 870 7,277 25,42s 309,575 1,342 8,612 19,929,804-47 } 14,051,607-46 2,619,569-54 7,867-25 1,624 02 90,060 4,423 6,383 162,551 1,108 8,612 16,953,808 74 Totals 1,556,971 i,174,250 111,232 40,603 ' 448,623 128,093 183,016 494.642 3,913 8,612 30,149,961-96 25,144,924-95 7,756,621 19 134,736-86 45,154 54 553,439 69 165,777-67 66,044 51 448,120-27 3,895 86 8,61254 34,327,328 08 * Surplus in Bottling Room, t Re- Warehoused. t Seizure. * Used in the manufacture of Methylated Spirits at Government Warehouse, Ottawa. Total duty collected ex-manufactory and ex- warehouse. License fees Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. 1917. $9,876,191 55 4,375 00 $8,701,074 68 $9,880,566 55 1916. ,6!>7,324 68 3,750 00 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. A. 1918 March 31, 1916 and 1917. Cr. Taken for Redistillation. Fr Legal Allowance. ee. Other. Exported. Used in Bonded Factories. Remaining in Warehouse. Totals. Gallons. 342,243 16 ^92,511 15 Gallons. 203,935 23 7,914 12 Gallons. 6,03139 1,993 38 71' 44 Gallons. 807,350 d'J 294 85 Gallons. / *161,044 11 1 747,284-86 323,063 79 11, oil ' i 3 Gallons. 1 17,060,107 -89 2,437,250 62 k2,oo0 oo 5,427 42 Gallons. 23,556,971 96 5,174,250 01 111,232 '80 40,603 83 316 14 8S '61 T 1 0< iA • OO Ol,zUU 16 51,8/0 42 7,277 79 25,42»10 309,575 99 1,342-85 8,612 54 448, 623 84 128,093 99 183,016-65 494,642 74 3,913 60 8,612 54 18,930 79 8,26S52 8,936-00 5,210 46 1,869 98 172 f-9 443,690 31 217,059 81 10,054 80 808,134 57 *161,044 11 1.160,359 92 19,929,804 47 30,149,961 96 232,024 68 33,014 14 325,303 25 10,988 33 9,859 86 73 60 1,286,905-92 492 45 13 33 11024 16 75 f *252,546 71 \ 2, 114, 203 16 2,052,898 76 6,827 68 1 14,051,607-46 2,619,i>69-54 7,867 25 1,624 02 90,060 37 4,423-53 6,383 37 162,551 81 1.108 85 8,612 54 25,144,924 95 7,756,621 19 134,736 86 45,154 54 553,439 69 165, 777 67 66,044 51 448,120 27 3,895 86 8,612 54 72,607 98 24,762 22 2,382 57 117 37 3,986 99 298 87 1,578 72 265,156 19 340,278 57 10,232 33 1,289,117-41 *252,546 71 4,273,682 37 16,953,808-74 34,327,328 08 916. 1917. *7,324 68 $9,876,191 55 3,750 00 4,375 00 1,074 68 $9,880,566 55 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. STATISTICS 76 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX A.— MALT. No. 6. — Return of Manufactures for the Fiscal Year ended March '.'A, 1017. Divisions. Licenses. Grain Stooped. Grain used in Malt Manufac- tured. Malt. Total Duty Collected ex-manu- factory, including License Fees. No. Fees. Manufac- tured . Paid Duty. Ware- housed. Guclph, Ont. . Hamilton " London " Toronto (< . . Windsor " Totals 4 2 2 3 1 t 550 350 400 600 200 • Lbs. 4,092,713 1,014,755 1,309,615 1 Q4Q 980 1,108,500 Lbs. 4,282,890 980,935 1,304,215 2 322 720 V, 108! 500 Lbs. 3,447,128 792,780 1,050,640 1,782,450 899,150 Lbs. 225 Lbs. 3,446,903 792,780 1,050,640 1,782,450 899,150 8 cts. 556 75 350 00 400 00 600 00 200 00 12 2,100 9,474,863 9,999,260 7,972,148 225 7,971,923 2,106 75 2 400 32,567,040 32,820,740 25,793,220 25,793,220 400 00* Winnipeg, Man Calgary, Alta 3 450 29,352,000 29,642,400 23,648,220 23,648,220 450 00 1 200 26,251,900 26,059,900 21,357,800 21,357,800 200 00 Grand Totals. . . 18 3,150 97,645,803 98,522,300 78,771,388 225 78,771 163 3,156 75. Inland Revenue Department, J. U. VINCENT, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. Deputy Minister. APPENDIX A. — MALT — Continued. No. 7. — Comparative Statement of Manufactures for the Fiscal Years ended March 31, 1916 and 1917. Provinces. Licenses. Grain Steeped. Grain used in Malt Manufac- tured. Malt. Total Duty Collected ex-manu- factory, including License Fees. No. Fees. Manufac- tured. Paid Duty. Ware- housed. 1916. Ontario 18 5 3 3 1 $ 2,500 950 550 500 100 Lbs. 24,472,385 36,333,820 19,631,675 12,721,800 Lbs. 24,965,413 36,906,441 19,701,275 11,542,000 Lbs. 19,483,487 29,191,867 15,999,787 9,378,070 Lbs. 1,047 Lbs. 19,482,440 29,191,867 15,997,888 9,378,070 S cts. 2,531 41 950 00 606 97 500 00 100 00 Manitoba Alberta 1,899 British Columbia Totals 1917. Ontario Quebec 30 4,600 93,159,680 93,115,129 74,053,211 2,946 74,050,265 4,688 38 12 2 3 1 2,100 400 450 200 9,474,863 32,567,040 29,352,000 26,251,900 9,999,260 32,820,740 29,642,400 26,059,900 7,972,148 25,793,220 23,648,220 21,357,800 225 7,971,923 25,793,220 23,648,220 21,357,800 2,106 75 400 00 450 00 200 00 Manitoba Alberta Totals 18 3,150 97,645,803 98,522,300 78,771,388 225 78,771,163 3,156 75 Inland Revenue Department, J. U. VINCENT, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. Deputy Minister, 12—7| 77 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX A.— Dr. No. 8. — Warehouse Return for Remaining in "Warehouse last year. housed. In- creases. Received from other Divisions. T + 1 i mpor i eo . Totals. Divisions. Removed during year. In Transit last year. Lbs. 116,855 164,682 2,451,444 7oo, Ao l 28,180 o i rti nil Z, 1U1 ,U1 i Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 3,204,600 126,400 1,445,784 2,174,118 158,700 120,000 803,650 317,298 1,140,000 1 A 1 AAA 191,000 660,000 1,605,385 Lbs. 54,000 Lbs. 18C Lbs. 3,375,635 293,804 7,412,439 3,761,938 187,531 3,283,818 823,730 340,898 1,140,000 296,250 717,560 1,607,145 965,180 133, 333 12,135,626 3, 157,420 Belleville, Ont.... Brantford Guelph " Hamilton, " Kingston, " London, " Ottawa, " Owen Sound, " Perth, " .... Peterborough, " Port Arthur, " Prescott, " St. Catharines, " Stratford, " Toronto, " Windsor, " . . . . 2,722 28,308 11 , 759 651 12, 167 3,446,903 792, /ov 40,000 1 ll'fl £/)A 1 , UOU , 04U 20,080 12,800 10 800 97 998 17*560 7,252 40,000 ol,760 90 000 35, 783 5,637,352 coo cnn 835, 180 97,550 4,481,600 1,585,000 40,000 1,782,450 »yy, loo 31,424 2, 580 148,000 80,000 54,800 2,000 ■ — , i— '>'"i 1 t V 1 o , uoo OR Sfi"* •JV , ouo 18,946,265 412,800 78,060 39,632,307 72,052 A AGO A7C 4,4b2,075 10 797 132, 141 3,560,000 19,698,238 1,866,053 155,200 560,000 100,880 40,000 1.376,000 60,000 3,682,849 51,772,650 1,926,053 175,200 589, 100 101,360 iJUUcllC, v^uc . . . Montreal, " Quebec, " . . . . St. Hy iiciTitli (? , . . . . Sherbrooke, " Three Rivers, " .... .... Totals ib, 793, 220 310, 976 20,000 29, 100 480 4,583,227 25,793,220 142,938 25,950,371 1,476,000 311,456 58,247,212 880,000 40,000 3, 116 923, 116 St. John, N.B tt.. lifiiv "psj s 700 1,778,000 256,000 1 7nn l , / uu 2,036,400 Winnipeg, Man 6,777, 146 23 , 648 , 220 19,938 3,662 51, 112 30,500,078 32,800 466 760,000 80,000 500 873,766 Calgary, Alta 3,666,386 21,357,800 34,323 650,200 70,000 30,840 25,809,549 174,053 4,407,400 2,000,000 130,000 80,000 204,735 4,916,188 2,080,000 Victoria, B.C . . . .Totals 174,053 6,407,400 210,000 204,735 6,996,188 Dawson, Y.T 4,873 1,346 85,150 91,369 27,364,821 78,772,923 295,874 55,365,898 2,544,800 766, 669 165,109,985 (a) Burnt Barley. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. STATISTICS 7?, SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 MALT — Continued. the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. Cr. Entered for Consumption. Removed to other Divisions. Remain- ing in Ware- house. Quantity . Duty. Warehoused in Divisions to which Removed. In Transit. Exported. Free. Written off. Totals. Lbs. $ cts. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. Lbs. 3,322,380 256,404 4,367,396 2,355,162 187,531 2,148,983 823,730 339,698 1,140,000 263,000 99,674 40 7,692 12 131,021 88 70,654 86 5,625 93 64,469,49 24,711 90 10, 190 94 34,200 00 7,890 00 20,516 94 48,214 35 26,749 50 3,999 99 302,521 15 60,600 00 53,155 3,375,635 293,804 7,412,439 3,761,938 187,531 3,283,818 823,730 340,898 1,140 000 296,250 717,560 1,607,145 965, 180 133,333 37,400 1,981,797 197,990 756,930 1, 162,516 303,316 34,410 11,860 57,600 1,077,235 1,200 33,250 3,662 683,898 1,607,145 891,650 133,333 10,074,705 2,020,000 30,000 73,530 205,606 191,653 585,690 1,663,662 551 , 730 12,135,626 3,157,420 30,615,115 918,733 45 2,219,564 34,410 1,080,659 11,860 5,667,699 39,632,307 3,516,592 166,257 3,682,849 51,772,650 1,926,053 175,200 589,100 101,360 28,068,384 1,926,053 175,200 563,675 101,360 842,051 52 57,781 59 5,256 00 16,910 25 3,040 80 16,977,018 174,000 1,837,192 92,055 4,678,000 25,425 30,834,672 925,040 16 16,977,018 174,000 1,837,192 3,516,592 92,055 4,869,683 58,247,212 923,116 27,693 48 923,116 1,979,100 59,373 00 18 , 000 39,300 2,036,400 3,334,646 100,039 38 18,780,000 658,000 1,585,160 163,778 5,924,494 30,500,078 784,261 23,527 83 89,505 873,766 3,565,407 103,962 21 17,357,116 1,572,000 448,000 2,967,026 25,809,549 4,742,587 2,080,000 142,277 61 62,400 00 32,200 141,401 4,916,188 2,080,000 6,822,587 204,677 61 32,200 141,401 6,996,188 56,617 1,698 51 208 34,544 91,369 78,815,521 2,364,745 63 55,365,898 2,438,410 3,888,352 4,597,251 267,901 19,733,652 165,109,985 J. U. VINCENT, •Deputy Minister. 79 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX A.— Dr. No. 9 — Comparative Statement of Warehouse Returns R,c m 3,205,139 28,652,833 723,840 16,397,924 6,434,881 66,964 1916. . . Ontario 63 , 500 12, 458! 303 63,840 6,231,506 231,793 2,495 Nova Scotia 1 ^ 997 888 177,723 Manitoba 40,000 60,000 164 213 S" t^k 'it ( 'hewan 9,378,070 60,748 7,600 452,875 61,470 . .Alberta . .British Columbia.. . . Yukon Territory . . . 2,999 AO 1 OO A 0*7 48, 128, 4J/ ija ncn oak /4,l)oU, Zoo qoo AAQ 40,189,008 1,298,213 1At; C7A QK1 1917. . . New Brunswick — 12,125,636 4,583,227 7,973,683 25,793,220 96,863 142,938 18,946,265 25,950,371 880,000 1,778,000 3,662 760,000 650,200 6', 407, 400 412,800 1,476,000 40,000 256,000 78,060 311,456 3,116 1,700 51,112 500 30,840 204,735 85,150 39,632,307 58,247,212 923,116 2,036,400 30,500,078 873,766 25,809,549 6,996,188 91,369 700 6,777,146 32,800 3,666,386 174,053 4,873 23,648,220 19,938 466 34,323 80,000 70,000 210,000 . . Saskatchewan . British Columbia.. . . Yukon Territory. . . Totals .". . 21,357,800 1,346 27,364,821 78,772,923 295,874 55,365,898 2,544,800 766,669 165,109,9S5 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. STATISTICS 80 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 MALT — Concluded. for the Fiscal Years ended March 31, 1916 and 1917. Cr. Entered for Consumption. Removed to other Divisions. Exported t ree. V\ ntten on. Remain- ing in Ware- house. Totals. Quantity. Duty. \\ 1 LP( 'housed in Divisions to which Removed. In Transit. Lbs. 38,639,576 27,536,789 1,182,469 3,172,399 fi ISfi fi^Q U , lOU , U.J J 691,040 5,831,793 6,170,828 62,091 $ cts. 1,159,576 21 826,103 67 35,474 07 95,171 97 IS1! 4 000 5,757,545 90,000 1,140,000 z, ZUU 89,473,644 2,684,611 25 40,189,008 2,544,800 2,501,130 3,767,947 33,501 27,364,821 165,874,851 30,615,115 30,834,672 923,116 1,979,100 3,334,646 784,261 3,465,407 6,822,587 . 56,617 918,733 45 925,040 16 27,693 48 59,373 00 100,039 38 23,527 83 103,962 21 204,677 61 1,698 51 2,219,564 16,977,018 34,410 174,000 1,080,659 3,516,592 11,860 92,055 5,667,699 4,869,683 39,632,307 58,247,212 923,116 2,036,400 30,500,078 873,766 25,809,549 6,996,188 91,369 1,837,192 18,000 1,585,160 39,300 5,924,494 89,505 2,967,026 141,401 34,544 18,780,000 658,000 163,778 17,357,116 32,200 1,572,000 448,000 208 78,815,521 2,364,745 63 55,365,898 2,438,410 3,888,352 4,597,251 267,901 19,733,652 165,109,985 1916. 1917. Total dutv collected ex-manufactorv and ex- warehouse . . S 2,684,699 63 S 2,364,752 38 License fees 4,600 00 3,150 00 S 2,689,299 63 $ 2,367,902 38 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister 81 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX A— MALT LIQUOR. No. 10. — Return of Manufacturers for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. Divisions. Licenses. No. Fees. Malt used. Other Commodi- ties used . Malt Liquor manufac- tured. Malt Liquor Exported. Total Duty collected ex- manufactory, including License Fees. Belleville, Ont. Brantford " Guelph " Hamilton " Kingston " London " Ottawa " Owen Sound " Perth " . Peterborough'^ . Port Arthur " ' Prescott " St. Catharines" Stratford " Toronto " Windsor " Totals Montreal, Que., Quebec " Sherbrooke " Three Rivers " Totals St. John, N.B.... Halifax, N.S Winnipeg, Man Moosejaw, Sask.. Calgary, Alta Vancouver, B.C. . Victoria " Totals Dawson, Y.T Grand Totals 43 50 50 300 100 100 200 100 200 50 50 150 100 100 100 400 100 2,150 450 150 50 50 700 100 150 400 200 350 900 350 1,250 50 5,350 Lbs. 65,256 256,368 4,265,399 2,336,724 212,505 2,066,235 1,282,785 351,998 1.173,150 263,000 683,206 1,299,670 887,020 144,209 9,785,216 1,278,400 Lbs. 244 Galls. 37, 164 127,840 2,401,373 1,274,376 89,175 950,777 675,300 160,530 646,544 106,315 369,609 754,775 483,040 83,750 4,692,060 646,728 Galls. 3,000 i,727 26,351,141 244 13,499,356 4,727 24,189,275 4,307,488 563,025 96,609 114,880 10,975,888 1,790,275 322,847 46,000 7,137 87 29,156,397 114,880 13,135,010 7,224 1,021,907 398,536 3,412 1,948,999 713,650 81,9291 2,843,629 17,200 1,666,090 744,172 380,549 3,074,433 1,820,109 4,662,982 2,095,682 456,400 27,725 2,460,719 852,939 14,001* 6,020 6,758,664 484,125 3,313,658 20,021* 56,707 22,725 71,956,049 616,369 34,949,683 117,313*4 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, ' Deputy Minister. STATISTICS 82 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX A.— MALT LIQUOR — Continued. No. 11. — Comparative Statement of Manufactures for the Fiscal Years ended March 31, 1916 and 1917. Provinces. Licenses. Malt used. Other . Commod- ities used. Malt Liquor manu- factured. Malt Liquor exported. Total Duty collected, ex-manu- factory, including License Fees. No. Fees. - 1916. Ontario 48 14 2 3 8 4 7 27 1 $ 2,400 700 100 150 400 200 350 1,350 50 Lbs. 37,390,980 26,058,166 1,097,208 3,167,115 5,600,558 745,486 5,105,285 6,266,458 . 70,591 Lbs. Galls. 17,595,839 11,803,736 427,816 1,091,450 2,658,488 376,625 2,534,350 3,083,631 31,145 Galls. 1,252 4,411* $ cts. 2,400 00 27,749 95 100 00 150 00 9,347 05 2,956 25 5,797 10 26,653 65 50 00 117,710 Nova, Scotia 7,946 Manitoba 41,800 11,000 18,000 297,325 Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia 78 Yukon Territory Totals ? 114 5,700 85,501,847 485,835 39,603,080 13,687* 75,204 00 1917. Ontario 43 14 2 3 8 4 7 25 1 2,150 700 100 150 400 200 350 1,250 50 26,351,141 29,156,397 1,021,907 1,948,999 2,843,629 744, 172 3,074,433 6,758,664 56,707 244 114,880 13,499,356 13,135,010 398,536 713,650 1,666,090 380,549 1,820,109 3,313,658 22,725 4,727 7,224 3,412 81,929| 2,304 95 28,688 95 100 00 150 00 4,254 10 428 75 350 00 51,899 40 50 00 Quebec New Brunswick Nova Scotia Manitoba 17,200 Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia 484,125 20, 021 J Yukon Territory Totals... 107 5,350 71,956,049 616,369 34,949,683 117,313ft 88,226 15 1916. 1917. Galls. Galls. Exported 3,050 103,228f H.M. Army and Navy, and Ships, Stores 10,637* 14,085| 13,687* 117,313ff Inland Revenue Department, J. U. VINCENT, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. Deputy Minister. 83 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX A.— MALT L I QU 0 R — Continued. No. 12. — Warehouse Return for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. Remaining in Warehouse from Last Year. Ware- housed. Total. Division. Entered for Consumption. Ex- ported. Remaining in Warehouse. Total. Quantity. Duty. Galls. Galls. Galls. Galls. % cts. Galls. Galls. Galls. 10,842 159,016 169,858 Vancouver, B.C... 139,928 20,989 20 14,002 15,928 169,858 Inland Revenue Department, J. U. VINCENT, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. . Deputy Minister. STATISTICS 84 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX A.— MALT LIQUOR — Concluded. No. 13. — Comparative Statement of Warehouse Returns for the Fiscal Years ended March 31, 1916 and 1917. Rem iiin in Warehouse from Last Year. Ware- housed. Totals. Province. Entered for Consumption. Ex- ported . Remaining in Warehouse. Totals. Quantity. Duty. Galls. Galls. Galls. 1916. Galls. % cts. Galls. Galls. Galls. 50,594 114,706 165,300 British Columbia 150,503 22,575 45 3,955 10,842 165,300 1917. 10,842 159,016 169,858 British Columbia. 139,928 20,989 20 14,002 15,928 169,858 1916. 1917. Total duty collected ex-manufactory and ex-warehouse % 92,079 45 % 103,865 35 License fees 5,700 00 5,350 00 $ 97,779 45 % 109,215 35 Inland Revenue Department, J. U. VINCENT, Ottawta, July 2, 1917. Deputy Minister. 85 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX A.— No. 14. — Return of Manufactures for Divisions. Licenses. Total Weight of JtcHTV J S3 f Tobacco cincl other Materials actually used. Tobacco at 10c. per lb. No. Fees. Manu- factured. Paid Duty. Ware- housed. Toronto, " x 3 5 $ cts. 50 00 150 00 250 00 Lbs. 1 564 786 140,2051 37 536 Lbs. 1 48^ 277 142,924 43,3262" Lbs. 578 044 58^759 43,326| Lbs. 907 233 84,165 Totals 9 450 00 1,742,527} 1, 671, 527 j 680, 129§ 991,398 6 43 5 5 1 3 275 00 2,075,00 250 00 250 00 50 00 150 00 74, 147 14,214,6842 3! 626^ 308" 10, 192| 3 843 439 i O ■ Oil) ) TtOiJJ 106,682 74,896 10,488,006| 3 687 431 10! 651 3,981, 672§ 103 972 74,896 4,188,213 3 661 474 10! 651 3,945,8031 Montreal, " 6,299,793? 25, 957 35,869 Totals ' Pictou, N. S 63 3,050 00 21 87^ 4W 18,346,629x\> 11,985,009^ 6,361,619f 2 100 00 1 452 1,5491 1,549| Charlottetown, P.E.I 6 300 00 209,849 237, 323 235,414 1,909. 2 100 00 1,173 1,107 1,107 1 50 00 12,513 12,513 12,513 * 1 50 00 102 84 4,100 00 23, 843, 069 \ 20,270,649'A 512,915,722* 7,354,926| Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. STATISTICS 86 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 TOBACCO. the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. Cigarettes AT $3 PEK M. Cigarettes AT $8 PER M . Snuff at 10c. PER LB. Total Duty Collected ex-Manufac- tory, including License Fees. Man u- ftict urot I . Paid Duty. Ware- housed _ Manu- factured . Paid Duty. W (i rG _ housed. Manu- fac- tured. Paid £ I (0 O 3 b o No. 40, vJlo, UUU 3,600 No. 97 97H 9^0 3,600 No. 17 7 J. 7 7^0 No. No. No. Lbs. Lbs. No. $ cts. 139,665 15 6,036 70 4,582 65 45,021,600 27,273,850 17,747,750 150,284 50 7,764 60 4,234,339 52 371,709 70 1,315 10 394,630 35 10,547 20 1,650,711,620 i , zoo, yuu 1,248, 166, 720 402,544,900 ooo , ouu 1,724,260 1,417, 120 307, 140 582,066 31,280 576 061 31 , 280 6 005 1,651,998.520 1,248,894,820 403,103,700 1,724,260 1,417,120 307, 140 613,346 607,341 6,005 5,020,306 47 254 95 23,841 40 33,000 33,000 309 70 1,301 30 38,000 11,000 27,000 83 00 1,697,091,120 1,276,212,670 420,878,450 1,724,260 1,417,120 307,140 613,346 607,341 6,005 1 5,196,381 32 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX A.— No. 15. — Comparative Statement of Manufactures for Provinces. Licenses. Total Weight of Raw Leaf Tobbaco and other Materials actually used. Tobacco aT 10c. PER LB. No. Fees. Manu- factured. Paid Duty. Ware- housed. 1916. "N'ovji Scotia 7 64 1 A 2 3 2 S cts. 350 00 3,200 00 50 00 onn nn zuu uu 75 00 150 00 100 00 Lbs. 2,032,1421 20,793,017f 4, 769! 197,926 462i 9,395 5,923 Lbs. 1,936,854 18,587,9271 5, 963| 348 9,395 2, 382! Lbs. 768,854 11,978,815 5,963| 348 9,395 2, 042 Lbs. 1,168,000 6,609,112! AI*uiitODEi 779 ■Vlbertti * British ColumbiEi Totals... > 1917. 83 4,125 00 23,043,636! 20,775,146! 12,996,914* 7,778,232 9 63 2 6 2 1 1 450 00 3,050 00 100 00 300 00 100 00 50 00 50 00 1,742,527* 21,875,453! 1,452 209,849 1,173 12,513 102 1,671,527* 18,346,629^ 1,5494. 237,323 1,107 12,513 680, 129! 11,985,009! 1,549* 235,414 1,107 12,513 991,398 6,361,6191 1,909 Totals 84 4,100 00 23,843,0691 20,270,649T1o 2,915,722! 7,354,926| Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. STATISTICS 88 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 TOBACCO — Continued. the Fiscal Years ended March 31, 1916 and 1917. Cigarettes AT $3 PER M. Cigarettes at $8 PER M. Snuff at ioc. per lb. Total Duty Collected ex-Manufac- tory, including License Fees. Manu- factured. Paid Duty. Ware- housed. Manu- factured. Paid Duty. -6 to 3 ±i E Manu- factured Paid duty. GO o s 33 IN O . .59,560,420 i )^y*i, oo*±, i uo 1NO. 36,034,950 1 093 10S 9^0 No. 90 cor ijr\ Zo, O, 4 / U 971 99fi i."^ IN O . IN O . IN O . T ha iN O . $ cts. 185,340 25 4,335,032 03 646 35 23,349 70 296 40 1,089 50 3,315 28 1,^10, DOU i i fio 7AA 1 , 1 - i DU K.AA 997 / ou 62,200 62,200 1,372,450 1,001,950 370, 500 650 650 1,355,629,775 1,060,507,350 295,122,425 1,216,310 1,163,410 52,900 544, 987 544,237 750 4,549,069 51 45,021,600 1,651,998,520 27,273,850 1,248,894,820 17,747,750 403,103,700 150,284 50 5,020,306,47 254 95 23,841 40 309 70 1,301 30 83 00 1,724,260 1,417,120 307,140 613,346 607,341 6,005 33,000 33,000 38,000 11,000 27,000 1,697,091,120 1,276,212,670 420,878,450 1,724,260 1,417,120 307,140 613,346 607,341 6,005 5,196,381 32 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister 89 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX A. — TOBACCO — Continued — MANUFACTURED BEFORE JUNE 1, 1908. No. 16. — Warehouse Return for the Fiscal Year ended Dr. March 31, 1917. Cr. Remaining in Warehouse from last year. Totals. Divisions. Ship Stores. Remaining in Warehouse. Totals. Lbs. 461 3,372 19,719* Lbs. 461 3,372 19,719* St. John, N.B Lbs. Lbs. 461 3,337 19,719* Lbs. 4§1 3,372 19,719* Victoria, B.C Sundries 35 23,552* 23, 552 | Totals 35 23,517* 23,552* Inland Revenue Department, J. U. VINCENT, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. Deputy Minister. APPENDIX A. — TOBACCO — Continued — MANUFACTURED BEFORE JUNE 1, 1908. No. 17. — Comparative Statement of Warehouse Returns for the Fiscal Years Dr. ended March 31, 1916 and 1917. Cr. Remaining in Warehouse * from last year. Totals. Provinces. Entered for Consumption. Ship Stores. Remaining in Warehouse. Totals. Quantity. Duty. Lbs. 461 3,919* 19,719* Lbs. 461 3,919* 19,719* 1916. New Brunswick $ cts. Lbs. ,Lbs. Lbs. 461 3,372 19,719* Lbs. 461 3,919* 19,719* British Columbia Sundries 175 43 75 372* 24, 100 24, 100 Totals 175 43 75 372* 23,552* 24,100 461 3,372 19,719* 461 3,372 19,719* 1917. New Brunswick 461 3,337 . 19,719* 461 3,372 19,719* British Columbia 35 Sundries 23,552* 23,552* Totals 35 23,517* 23, 552 h Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 7 Exported. Army, Navy and Slii]>-Stores. Free and written off. Taken for R. pacco. Cigarettes. CD 3 o > o Tobacco. Cigarettes. 00 CO co be _c bp 'Z u m o Snuff. 6 q a - 0 DO OS ■p 09 d be d V 0 rt _o 0 f_ CD «a CP be Q ,bs. t-7814 >, I20h No. 16,221,370 137, 9i 4, 050 15,000 No. Lbs. 17,482 51,079i 3,621" 779 l(\035i No. 15,838,050 51,342, 195 3,437,500 No. 500 48,400 1,000 Lbs. '50 Lbs 'is No. "56 • Lbs. 13,820 8,4614, Nc 70, 9, 062, 100 •-'5, 500 7,231,200 490 12,366 312 ),902 154,210,420 95, 363 86,936,545 49,900 540 15 500 22,593}. 70, >,486 ),575ir% 10, 479, 2S0 248,415,400 1,000 64,709 58,920f 43, 033, 180 55,535,810 39,200 138,070 2,500 6,800 2,039 9,439f 665 53, 13,505 1 , 625 37,359 0.35H 15,651 9,481,000 284 [:..... 27,482,250 4,808,100 11,018,350 44,300 9,000 10,700 4,020 610 53, 5,345ft 258,894,680 1,000 198,121ft 151,358,690 241,270 5,295 9,300 11,478| Dr. £31 t I a.1 iL [ j -I Duty. — ■ — J } ! j | j I i i 1. 1 1 i i I 1 1 1 ; : 1 \ i I f I I i ! Is fi i 1 i Is l|| — b — iii j is! j a 0-6 ill j jjjj No. No. IS -\-r„ j Total* f cU. zz 151.S10.U0 % 76.™ It *§§ "If 4 s 'is HO.SW " i.wi "6.a6oj :i .15 % i — - M.4S8 - „.«...» is -f— ^ I S ! IS, 81 If! 1—1-4- ^- 1 ;^=^"*-^M "-.tag Inland Hevbndb Dm"-"^ ^ , „„_ J. U. ™CENT^ ^ 89 APPE Cr. -working. Dr. Remaii in Warehi frorr last yc Lbs 4 3,r 19. 7 23, i : Inlan ooo APPE No. 1 Dr. Rema inoOO Wareh ' frof last y No. 500 Lb: 920 920 Remaining in Warehouse. Lbs. 200, 202 555, 580 1,056 6, 200.1 5,4594 708,498 247,198i 313,583 2,790 807 569 ,335 570,2884 O No. 4,473,300 21,215,610 652, 000 3,257,900 694,800 3:;, 293,610 3,227,120 8,956,720 505,000 876,950 525, 900 1,214,750 15,306,440 No. 500 500 5,300 11,210 12,700 3,' 300 32, 51< Lbf 1 in 110 Totals. Lbs. 1,436,4824 6,953,483* 46, 738" 779 16,236 130, 0054 9*75" 8,584,6994 1,319,9274 6,941,7294 220 75,997 1,909 48,014 7,6824 138.328.J 8,536.808 No. 39,118,220 280,869,805 4,199,500 12, 350, 000 25, 500 8, 923, 500 345,486,525 66,671,970 446,144,190 10,026,000 3*. 650, 400 5, 504, 000 13,630,300 580,632,860 No. 1,000 52, 900 1,000 54,900 Lbs. 750 600 1,350 46,500 i 309,140 6,035 57,000 9,000 1 • , 000 435, 640 4,560 700 11,895 Lb 3 19 24 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 23 Inlai 12—8 92 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX A.— RAW LEAF TOBACCO, INCLUDING Dr. No. 20. — Warehouse Return for the x-/i visions. Remaining in Warehouse from last year. Imported. Wurf'housed ex-Factory. Received from other Divisions. Totals. Removed during In Transit last Belleville Ont Std. lbs. 634 8,797 6, 496 2,370, 073$ 30, 716 213,726 249 2,348 791 1,001 5,809 9, 519 418,827^ 18, 556 Std. lbs. 507 28,610 4, U4Z 2,074,695 OQ 7A7 Zo, (Of 619,032 Std. lbs. Std. lbs. 441 1,974 974 2,168 4,770 13,615 Std. lbs. Std. lbs. 1,582- 39,841 11 ^19 4,628,0574 00, izy 926, 760 249 ll,499i 1,811 2,751 9,769 1 Z CO 11 10, O044 723, 279^ inn 7ft^ lUu, too t*q n t f r»rri 460 Guelph ." Hamilton " 179,896 £ Q7A 0,0/0 79,591 1,225 London " 796 Ottawa " Owen Sound 7,300 862 1,371 3,577 0, UOO4 281,997f 4i>, 400 345 1 108 379 080 1.506J Peterborough Prescott " St Catharines " Stratford " Toronto " 18,800 3,296 QQ 7AO 00, /oz 358? 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S £22 03 3 y5 C 3 « O o a £ £ M < « H Q P 102 INLAND REVENUES ©©©•o©©l~ ©©©©©© >c ■ O t^. lO t - i O — I - © © © i-O i-O © C I © co i— © co © us © — ~r t-t u» t~ *# "3< «o 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 IQ © Ifl © IQ o I - a co iB oj o OC H O l» -i oo -< o i- t - M00«U5f" M ■ J i . c a as ■3te g 1 c*^ o o o m © «o © »" C N Ci M >-o c si ia — cm Ci cm"-* t— © co iflHM >-o — © o o «n «5 O «-0 C-J CM O "5 00 Si CO "5 ".O cm co co -r ■ rr o rH O t» © S- © •pacjjodxg £ > - c o e © © © © © © © © o us o o © cj © >o to ~- c"co CM CI — i — cSQ I « « a •S gjST) O o o : m > £ g T=5j i-i to Si «5 CM CO t— Tt< 00C* CO O »*0 IQ Oi O CS to O SO CO uOj ■* O "O » O) "5 tO O 00 CO si" z A Ho © © © — cccc i-O t^. © © O © IC o > 00 >« ci O CM to 1^5 'ji'tO CNr-T >>/:©©© ) to 00 O "3 !"©"•*! ci • iC O) N i OC CM CO i-l i CN-* CO > i©^ 75 C _, T3 3 QOO»QOi i © o o m n c o n o c o io io o w r~-*©oot^©rfco©ir:©t^— cnT t>^ oo" oc" to oc co o J i-T cj" us — s;" so c -t t - x :: z — t « io ^ iO o oa tjTcm" CO OOO © oi to © — io CM © IO CO i-H Tf 1>» © CO © i—i © © CO OJ CO © t- S7\1 TISTICIS 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 p— i ^ O WO .9 03 3 Eh « A w & W > Q 53 55 104 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 C5 6 o © io »c o © N M N N O H ©" co ©~ co -r © rH CO US '~ © -H © -f CO —I © I- ~H ic o O © o C C5 O K K CO P£5 a w a PS g a3 h a rH 5 £ CG _ _^ te 25 > ^ S J P 5 8 >o O iO o o O t-~ CM © rH -h uo rH US CM rH O O O iO no O © •f OOCINOOD NOO-f OO^N — r rH _ T CO CO CO CO © CO CO — I CM © © © uO rH rt< CO o" rH TjT tH? 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STATISTICS 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX A.— INSPECTION OF PETROLEUM. No. 30. — Return of Inspected Petroleum and Naphtha shipped from Refineries during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. Licenses. Divisions. Petroleum. Naphtha. Totals. No. Fees. $ Galls. Galls. Galls. 3 .3 27,079,747-15 24,569,570-99 52,249,318-14 Toronto " 2 2 2,272,670-00 2,697,022-00 4,969,69200 Totals 5 5 29,952,417-15 27,266,592-99 57,219,01014 1 1 1,911,064-50 2,395,926-20 4,306,990-70 Calgary, Alta 3 3 2,447-00 42,715-25 45,162-25 Vancouver, B.C 1 1 3,970,409-70 11,277,035-50 15,247,445-20 Grand Totals 10 10 35,836,338-35 40,982,269-94 76,818,608-29 Inland Revenue Department, J. U. VINCENT, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. Deputy Minister. APPENDIX A.— INSPECTION OF PETROLEUM — Concluded. No. 31. — Comparative Statement of Inspected Petroleum and Naphtha ship- ped from Refineries during the Fiscal Years ended March 31, 1916 and 1917. Provinces. Lice No. VSES. Fees. Petroleum. Naphtha. Totals 1916. Ontario British Columbia Totals 1917. Ontario Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Totals 5 1 $ 5 1 Galls. 33,133,893-11 1,641,661-70 Galls. 24,570,547-88 4,668,296-10 Galls. 57,704,440-99 6,309,957-80 6 6 34,775,554-81 29,238,843-98 64,014,398-79 5 1 3 1 5 1 3 1 29,952,417-15 1,911,064-50 2,447-00 3,970,409-70 27,266,592-99 2,395,926-20 42,715-25 11,277,035-50 57,219,010- 4,306,990-14 45,162-70 15,247,445-25 10 10 35,836,338-35 40,982,269-94 20 76,818,608— 29 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 106 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX A.— No. 32. — Return of Manufactures .Divisions. Licenses. Materials Used. No. Fees. Spirits. Beer, Wine, etc. Nitric Acid. Mercury. Brantford, Ont 1 1 3 2 1 5 1 1 17 1 S cts. 50 00 50 00 400 00 100 00 50 00 600 00 300 00 50 00 1,075 00 550 00 Galls. 9,832-99 Galls. 141-60 .LOS. * LiDS. Guelph " Hamilton " 24,394-66 13,693-94 15,140-39 1,489,329-30 65,029-64 140-48 128-50 Owen Sound " Perth " 319,969 34,847 479,007-77 39,219-57 2,882-70 259-46 Totals 43 3,225 00 2,135,648-26 3,661-54 141-60 319,969 * 34,847 19 3 1 1 1,400 00 150 00 300 00 300 00 156,830-48 23,390- 13 1,812,568-11 60,11004 770-83 340-50 959-40 512-00 4. T t St. Hyacinthe " 280,717 . 36,900 Trvfolo 24 2,150 00 2,052,898-76 1,430-23 852-50 t 280,717 36,900 St. John, N.B 1 50 00 6,827-68 19-20 Winnipeg, Man 10 500 00 72,607-98 812-81 20-90 t Calgary, Alta 2 100 00 24,762-22 542-40 Vancouver, B.C 1 50 00 2,382-57 30-00 Grand Totals 81 6,075 00 4,295,127-47 2,543 04 5,126-54 141-60 t 600,686 * 71,747 *Malt extract. fVinegar. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. ST I T I ST ICS 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 MANUFACTURES IN BOND. for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. Manufactured. Paid Duty Ex-Manu- factory. Warehoused. Total Duty Collected ex- Manufactory, including License Fees. Vinegar. Crude Fill ni inat c Vinegar. Duty. Vinegar. Crude Fulminate. Gall*. 56,61210 Lbs. Galls. 56,61210 $ cts. 2,264 55 Galls. tbs. $ cts. 2,314 55 50 00 4,087 38 833 55 3,044 69 600 00 6\JU 00 50 00 5,980 31 5,415 51 156,198-80 85,841-94 79,774-57 92,184-54 18,339-09 74,866-75 3,687 38 733 55 2,994 69 64,014-26 67,502-85 4,907-82 61,290 61,290 1,223,925-98 212,27715 122,632-38 121,637-43 4,905 31 4,865 51 1,111,293-00 90,639-72 1 , 824 , 630 • 54 61 , 290 486,272-29 19,450 99 1,338,358-25 61 , 290 on ftlTE fid z2,r>io 99 185,495-41 144,327 08 159,331-21 103,536 65 6,373 25 4,141 47 26,164-20 40,790 43 7,773 25 4,291 47 oOU IN) 300 00 43, 178 10 43, 178- 10 329,822-49 43,178-10 262,867-86 10,514 72 66,954-63 43,178-10 12,664 72 40,726-65 40,726-65 1,629 08 1,679 08 413,471-84 319,676-55 12,787 06 93,795 29 13,287 06 117,649-99 94,684-73 6,503 79 22,965-26 6,603 79 11,619-72 11,619-72 464 79 514 79 2,737,921-23 104,468-10 1,215,847-80 51,350 43 1,522,073-43 104,468- 10 57,425 43 • J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 12—9 108 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX A.— No. 33. — Comparative Statement of Manufactures for Provinces. Licenses. Materials Used. No. Fees. Spirits. Beer, Wines, etc. Nitric Acid. Mercury. 1916. Ontario Quebec New Brunswick 43 22 2 9 3 1 S cts. 3,025 00 1,950 00 100 00 450 00 125 00 50 00 Galls. 747,284-86 323,063-79 11,611-73 51,200-23 18,930-79 8,268-52 Galls. 144-00 2,647-84 255-91 j t 771-50 164-61H 50-10/ 925-71H 26-90/ 704-951 t 371-30/ 78-00 Lbs. 402,342 301,275 Lbs. 43,397 40,125 Manitoba Alberta British Columbia 1917. Ontario New Brunswick 80 5,700 00 1,160,359-92 144-001 2,051 18 3,945-64, 703 617 oo , I ' — 43 24 1 10 2 1 3,225 00 2,150 00 50 00 500 00 100 00 50 00 2,135,648-26 2,052,898-76 6,827-68 72,607-98 24,762-22 2,382-57 141-601* 3,661-54^ 1.730 -23J t 852-50 19- 20 812-81H 20- 90/ 542-40 30 00 319,969 280,717 34,847 36,900 Alberta British Columbia Totals 81 6,075 00 4,295,127-47 141-601 2,543-04 5,126-54, t 600,686 71,747 *Malt extract. fVinegar. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. STATISTICS 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 MANUFACTURES IN BOND — Continued. the Fiscal Years ended March 31, 1916 and 1917. Manufactured. Paid Duty ex-Manu- factory. Warehoused. Total Duty Collected M an u factory, including License Fees. Vinegar. Crude Fulminate. Vinegar. Duty. Vinegar. Crude Fulminate. Galls. Lbs. Galls. % cts. Galls. Lbs. $ cts. 1,498,178-23 77,847 455,001-57 19,091 09 1,043,176-66 77,847 22,116 09 328,553-24 46,452 258,193-91 10,327 76 70,359-33 46,452 10 077 7« J - - - i t to 54,069-26 O 1 1 I w >i ' OA ol7,U9o-o9 QA AT) no 42,036-58 54,069-26 ZOO, ool o7 77 K91 OA 77 ,0ol -oU 42,036-58 2,162 78 1 O OTO A 1 12,872 91 O 1A1 OO 1,681 45 2,262 78 13,322 91 3,226 22 1,731 45 CO t CO 00, 534 -52 £ A 4 O CO 0,942-62 2,324,407-62 124,299 1,147,394-49 49,237 21 1,177, 013 13 124,299 54,937 21 1,824,630-54 61,290 486,272-29 19,450 99 1,338,358-25 61,290 22,675 99 329,822-49 43, 178- 10 262,867-86 10,514 72 66,954-63 43, 178- 10 19 fifil 79 40,726-65 413,471-84 117,649-99 11,619-72 40,726-65 319,676-55 94,684-73 11,619-72 1,629 08 12,787 06 6,503 79 464 79 1,679 08 13,287 06 6,603 79 514 79 93,795-29 22,965-26 2,737,921-23 104,468- 10 1,215,847-80 51,350 43 1,522,073-43 104,468- 10 57,425 43 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Ministre. 12—9| 110 IWLASD REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX A.— Ok. No. .34. — Warehouse Return for the Remaining IN Warehouse FROM Last Year. Warehoused. Received from other 1 )l VISIONS Totals. • Div isions. Vinegar. Vinegar. V i negar. Crude Ful- minate. Removed during the year. Crude Ful- minate Galls. Galls. Lbs. Galls. 7 K REVENUE 8 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 I S3SS» III Sfell 11 1 S3SK3| ggggSS ££33 oo oo oo oo -r v: x x 2 ilil illiillii Jill JllljjIIJI 1 §S3l M III III 1 O Hi ^ < STATISTICS 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 £g8g93839g883'38 13 Sg3S3S83S8S581!S88SSS WtOOOPSOO'-'OOaOOOt s s ?\ r. s. v: *. v. ?i s. y. x 'At s. s. s. -f N f t f ?1 CI M M f 1 fl fl C-l >c — s s 5 s s s 5 s s § IlJJsssssssSiii I I 11 ^3333 f r } i! I| J1 is II s r |i|ll|l1|m§i = = Q O ■8«|«JSl-&SlS!35ll?8j a ® .£ = 120 INLAND REVENUES III 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 §2 li II li 5 = I I 58 22 Sg 2 S2S3 j if ■ S fllflllii 1 s - ~ 2 1 3 3 3 33 33 >,3SS r O Hiili ill !i IJ ill STATISTICS 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 ^(vh rH iH r-l I-l 1^ CO ^ rt N « O) O! f I ■* So "f — ' "5 — < i-H CD I- CT5 CI - 'f © f -t- -r ci ci co >ra cd co t~ t- coocooiosaocecieci-'Moi'i1 © oo oo oo oo oo oo ■<$< co CO 00 OO. 00 00 00 00 "J" CC CI IN N IN M N -i i-i CO CI CO C<1 IN O O CD 00 00 00 00 O0 © CO O 00 00 CO -r CICI — oooooooooocicct^cooo SrtNNNClNC-1 JciniNC-l CI — CICIOH oi o> © 00 CO 00 tO CI CI CO CO CI 1C © © CD CD Nth05010)NN01NO«C1C» CP 03 8 » § 8. « 2 <- £ «- <- S 5 01 O Q 1); O CP Qj fll CP O »OU "J 03 05 . >t 03 >> >> 03 — 1 +i — 1 — +^ rr — CP Q ~ b. 03 ■£> - 8"g8g ° o3° O >>03 3 O 3 3 <_) ft ft ft CUT) CP cp-dT) 3^3. C. ft CPT3 CP QreO a cp J « 8 « : >>.c >> = CP CP 9161 '? Oct. Is cal from to Monti Perth. •ansfern ic year. >>5 t, p u s §s .„ 5.2 u . o » o t) R X~ * — O ojO 3 CJ SU ft 03 c o O CP -f^ CP C b. „ , cj o: - " ■ 92, 05 03 « s CP Q X CP hOn « O ^ 03 cj o3 — O ^ I- b. fc. U i— I CC co co co co i ' OS O = 8 _ c — & Wco.2 «JS x c« •ISO X co ^ 8 8 3 r^3 9 tab*' . » _i- " +> CP 3 OJ CP t " o § aO-c S w o -J o •-5 - -03 03 CP ■5 c if? C '43 Mc-1 . _ - 3 T. 3 k . c" - ep o E-1 - g fc~ o o cpj; o oj ® « o3 5 c 122 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 _5 ~ ~ X CO 00 N CO © © © © e> oo »o OM»N CO — i uc; -r © cc — o r~ © 00 o US 00 US © •<*• — I -i 00 O O M M O f © 00 t— 00 — NlOO -CX — ( — © 35 t>"NXS ON NMfl uo © u; co >;s rc-r -r © © US © 00 CM © © © 32 © t— 3 •v o Q © oo © oo CO 00 © CO cs cm co — Pi H (3 C £■2 -- — O- w 3 = cc a — f — X © oc -+ oo CO CM — CM © © © cm © -f c i © ©MO© © CO I-H o o ft d oo oooo oooo© cm © co co oo ■d'oo oooo© CO t -J" CM CO CM CM CM CO CO —i 72 t*- S 2 T3 - CO o -2 co O o 3 » >j 3 c3 u t. a) o H z do 0 SO a< cs ca^ o m re "3-c 3Tt3 I- - - - cs *>.ts a£ - -S 3 «J u O Ms o a O 3 STATISTICS 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 g o So mm 33 S3 g£83 1£ S 08S0808 gg gggg §gSSSS£SS8888cSg8g88So,cS§88§8§o,S8 3 Kggg gg :g : gggg J* III' 111. 5 5 r' ii 131 ill:- ifiit . r "; ^5 S 3 i S I 3 3 II i! 1 11 3"i3S3tS: S rl -S m ^o: ::::::: : "S >>_ 33333333"gj§333333333 £33333333333333333333333 I HI 12—10 1 ^ >-9 pq -i ^ . V ""O .>-li-5 c >. . . •«gsSi.i. eS cS O sj 12 S >• S >- U « S 81 is c g*3 « ^ C3 • CQ Ph CS i-s g g'-e -g.£j p.S s a1 S'5 1 4) ' O o * u 126 ixr..\ xn REVE\rEt< 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 III 11 O 3 i J5 55555 55 5 £SiSi2SS ci -i ri ci ?i :i ri^ici fi;icici fi «fi n n n f i n ci mci c: r- c o c-t gg£g 23 : ISggg 983S8 =3 8S2ggg§§ ^2 33 : S3 § gSgggi??! 02 ~. * 7" year — J§ for : : s a 1 = i ■ 15 H §2 Oh Om Ills CD C, — ^ — - - - ill Hijffli ;2| c. C3 s s s a 33333333 3 3 3 3 3 5 .— — — — ~i?iTic;i-i3:~:~3cc;of':T':c<::v:r': :cnKKn ccco s«5 eo>— I i 33333333333333333 33333 33 3 333333 mmmmimm mil u i liii^ ST A T I ST I OH 127 SES6I0NAL PAPER No. 12 -T1 oo oo~h«oio~«cocoo5 — i*-«eo~HCNieNi-HCO tc - cc f c-. - — tD CO Tt< C) — « ~-l x — e i -f i e i Cl-rt-o r-» «o — ~- o c» U5 N «5 * N (0 i»« — < co -f OO CD •*!> 00 -H TH C« C> —I r-l OOOMOOSCX/K'/.OXOMOCf f- >o in CM ON N CXI O) CN CO ON CO CI — i INOCOOO > co oo to t~ cc >tf cj C) CD CO 00 00 CO •»!« CJ CI ) CO «0 CI. (M a-. > cu £ H >> a> ha IP CC3S 73 < 2S « a „ «3 CO 3^1 goo c & a Us V m 10 ,22 K.22 O St o X X 1 1 0) o .2 o CU 3 — ft O ■5 0 c3 >> ci " CP d cu cu (-, CU CU . 3 23 §3 I >- s >- E- - X •OS x — sj oil o m ccS _ J ft^ ft ^~3-a a a> +j cu oj u 2 CU O X <», O S f>«.Ss fx CU h o c u2. » a :3 « x O CO 3 cu -ti S3 — ^ a-so o c 2Q u< : cu - "" o o. a 3 u C50 dH< « .CO C<5 "s cu -S3 >, ci C S O o c>H , g s s &ai£j § k e 3= g . u.S cu cu o^ C^J CI o © co co oc oo CM © CO 00 00 cc © v. v: — CN CO 00 © — CM ON CO © CM © © O o S gag -2|Q &3 ^ « c E -2 -~ § 2 £• CO b ° .o 2? 5-^ >> ^ ^ o i® CD O aS B X *5 .o J~ W = ag° OQ£-2a2, to S . 39 3 MjPQoa 5 - aC -* «~ ~ aU CJ 03 a. -a b -C CJ " Cj C3 a- u 05 r . — OaC O o _ Q. C o. "O "O V 4> O cinQifiQ a caj? ^ . --2 c gfn >> -i _2 N MO % HAHOfefeS^ b >i j-O . S -a £ _r 91 f= a r b C b cj 5 3 ?- cS a> STATISTICS 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 oc to to f- r~ r- to r- eo CS CD O ^ 3 •* CO o o -f oc cc cm o m r: ci ts u5 o ?) x - -o w cc "5 f n -r c 1 O) CO N 3> N f 1 f ) -f ^ ji a c k i - f c * - f j. t m ^ r; n (M —I —' ^ OOMXCOOOOOOO CNCOCOOOOOOOtOOOtO l-^CO-fCNCNOCICOCNCO co co oo CO ooooooooooopooo Soooo^ooooiotooo ■* * N N M CI M fl O CN CI J) O M N O) to 3 :i CI CI O O O) N iHoowesocsociootNo nomio - C5 — >ra "ce co o» tOt^.cOCO>O-> cj -S s DQ - 3 >>_ccj >> SO 3 - o. q. C3 c >- ? a 3, s » § O CD .2K o t- CO w o«. — a z ~ - s5 o2 "2 t3 fi - - - - ~ ] c - - c-i n -3-3 co co > g-S OjjJ 3 c 0 3 * P^B* — r u si »« 2 £ S3 « Ji >> 3, V J? co ^ffi ■• N CN -tno occo -< CM o ^t> CD s ft 2? O X C X O 3 CO 00 CD 00 CO OS CO CM CO CM CO O qoomcso OOOCOMiO CO CO ^ CO CD O0 CO CO CM CO CO CM o cm co cs o oo © — < CO CS CM © lO as io ro as j- cp 3 £ s 8 = 1 «! 8 03O £ u coO CO cS >> *t ft c^Q c3_ e3 « ft >> «- o >- " .2 CP CP CP Ho to O CO 03 >>S 31 _ ft T) CD coQ ^ o a ft o « OQ • c cm >*> 3 CP > ^ CP g.^ cp ^ oS o*s g oQ oo oo to I — OO OO ■ C5 CO — N-<)>COOO-HOOCC>(5© O O 00 -t M o> o N 31 S> 'O ffl CI M ■* O) P5 95 O io t -c ci - ta oo 33 -t> -f — to m 00 o 00 — y? oc o © X' O © -r O © © S O «I 00 OO CO 00 Tfi^^tOOOtDtOI-OtOtOOOtO OCrtCCClO^^ co co co — < co O O OO OO O 00 00 CN to OO -t" to -t< OO cini^o o>oo!Ocioc)oooooooooo CO 00 CO 00 XiO^-tCJiOOOJOSCJNO) OS — © •H — OO-f — ^. is *£ b « O £43 2 tO _Q t£ to _ eS 5— c3 C Q« ^ >-s cp X <*! o » 5 ^ 5 Q °Q. — — — ~ to » n (& K ej >> oJ , >>43 5 o" ^ O cj ; O « x CO ?J5 C3 C3 — r _ *= Sjts^ . r > cn co /"S u c -~ ci ■ >> to S 5 OS ~ - i- o p*3 i.g o «■§ x <*! S x S S C ShO c.— 3 £ o o a - — . -"0 :K - •Q c OS = - — < — J - ■ ■— — if- "3 Sc m is = t i~ 8 5 132 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917— Continued. To whom paid. Service. Deductions for S3. o3 Amounts paid Total amounts paid. Brain, A. F. Caven, W. Gow, John E. Miller, W. F. Powell, J. B. Bernier, J. A. District Inspectors. Inspector of Distilleries. Salary for the year Contingencies. Inspector of Tobacco Factories. Salary from April 1 to June 30, and appointed Dominion Inspector Inland Revenue and Dominion Preventive Officer from July 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917 _ Contingencies Kingston. Salary as Inspector of Bonded Factories Contingencies Toronto. Salary for the year Contingencies. Windsor. Salary for the year Contingencies. Montreal. Salary for the year Contingencies. Dumontier, J. A... McDonald, John Jr Quebec. Salary for the year Contingencies. N.B., N.S., and P.E.I. Salary for the year Contingencies. Code, A. Manitoba. Salary for the year Contingencies. . . $ cts. 96 96 $ cts. $ cts. 62 46 57 96 49 92 126 18 144 96 113 70 $ cts. 2,678 01 1,153 90 $ cts. 3,831 91 3,062 46 1,130 91 9 00 9 00 9 00 9 00 9 00 00 9 00 2,832 96 613 46 2,915 94 411 37 2,991 00 718 14 2,3S9 77 181 48 2,745 96 222 67 2,152 23 659 55 2,441 04 900 73 4,193 37 3,446 42 3,327 31 3,709 14 2,571 25 2,968 63 2.S11 78 3,341 77 STATISTICS 133 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917— Continued. To whom paid. Saucier, X. Miller, J. E. Barrett, J. K. J. E. Gow Service. Deductions for District Inspectors. Calgary. Salary for the year Contingencies. British Columbia. Salary for the year Contingencies. Dom. Dist. Malt Houses {Breweries) Salary for the year Contingencies. Bonded Factories. Contingencies. . Annuities. Insurance. cts 55 44 60 00 3,226 78 $ cts 15,47035 140 40 3,932 85 $ cts. 9 00 9 00 1,321 01 Amounts paid. $ cts 2,710 53 1,519 45 2,931 00 1,627 37 3,199 92 1,553 67 413 40 Total amounts paid. cts. 4,229 98 4,558 37 4,753 59 REC APIT ULATION. Excise salaries $ 468,499 81 Contingencies 53, 124 90 Total $ 521,624 71 see Financial Statement No. 4. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy M mister. 134 IN LAX D REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917 — Continued. To whom paid . Service. Amounts paid. British American Bank Note Co. Hughes, P. A Charlotte Scales Baird, A. Tallock Ltd Oertlings, L Pritchard & Andrews Co., Ltd. Bank of Montreal Bank of Montreal Lyman Ltd Thornton & Truman Registrar Exchequer Court Powell, J. B., Windsor Webbe, C. E. A., London Robinson, J. T., London Johnson, J. J., Owen Sound. . Walsh, Wm. H., Toronto Dominion Warehousing Co. . Therien, O., Ville-Marie Landry & Landry, Edmonton Burroughs Adding Machine Co. Gow, John E Caven, W Bernier, J. A Brain, A. F. . General Excise Contingencies. To pay for bottling labels supplied " petty cash charges " vaults and store room cleaning u iron locks and brass labels s " tobacco rollers, stamps and daters. . . " draft, favor of Baird & Tallock, Ltd " " L. Oertling " for pipettes " repairs to locks, etc " writ of assistance " travelling expenses " Canadian Express charges " professional service " adding machine Excise Examinations. To pay expenses rc promotion examinations. Armstrong, A. H... Fauteux & Fauteux . Grant, T. H. Gagnon, Os. . Law Costs. To pay Law costs Rex vs. F. Galla " " D. Rubin " " Bartallacci " " Leclair " " L. Charbonneau. " " D. Cardinal. " " P. GeofTrion " " Dubois, E J. McDonald ... " " J. Duranceau " "J. Burns " " N. Lachapelle. . . " " E. A. Fraser C.E.Bell " " A. Boissonnault. " " Meunier " F. Lallemant. . . . " "J. Gibouleau F. Miller J.H. Boyer " " O. Boyer " " J. N. Boyer " " M. Ladasky " B. Lipson " D. Jodoin Tourangeau " N. Beeson " J. T. Derome. . . " " O. Boyer " S. Currie $ cts. 5,945 50 56 77 313 00 10 18 14 12 341 15 42 73 85 46 8 89 66 50 11 60 205 25 4 80 4 80 9 72 2 00 3 08 20 00 61 72 776 16 203 89 57 40 134 70 172 74 20 00 20 00 14 00 14 00 14 80 14 00 14 00 14 00 14 00 14 00 14 00 24 00 10 00 10 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 64 90 40 60 27 00 24 00 20 00 14 00 43 80 68 50 20 85 45 00 10 00 12 50 12 50 STATISTICS 135 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917 — Continued. To whom paid . Service. Amounts paid. To pay Law costs Rex is. J. Gauthier. . . . D. Languedoc. Baird, W. J. Cavan, J. E Champagne, N Cowan, J. E Lussier, Flynn & Gendron Beruhe, L O'Bready & Panneton Moraud, L Leblane, A Desilets, Frs Lawson, W Laliberte Beaubien, A. J. C Desilets, A Jackson, J. A Aikman, J A Hanson, E B Brabant, G. N Loranger, L. J Duchemin, A. P Cousineau & Dauphinais Lefebvre, F Gurd & Spuril Cousineau, L Piette, J. A Graydon & Graydon. . . . Emard, C American Bank Note Co. P. Giguere J. T. Derome. . . . J. B. Baillargeon. How F. Fernandez. . . . A. H.Joe Hin Kee Lee Sing Young Gee S. Dunham J. Grant E. D. Pelletier... Mullin & Knapp. . Patenaude W. Rirouca H. Renaud R. Emond J. Allard. J. A. Vezina J. P. Vezina W. F. A. Robitaille. . . . " A. Dore " H. Raymond Theo Duff " J. Hazelton & B. Har- rington. " A. Leblane Jos. Masse " re illicit still, S. Caron. . . " M. Lefebvre G. A. Hudon " A. L. MeDermott H. Cady & H. B Spragg. " Heroux " H. Major " A. Depatic " P. Cameron legal expenses Rex vs O. Lalancette law costs, Rex vs O. Lalancette " A. L. McDernot " J. B. Gauvreau " G. Patterson « " F. X. Lamarche H. H. Pringle " I. Gougeon I cts. 12 50 12 50 45 00 29 00 29 00 20 00 10 00 21 00 19 00 19 20 10 00 33 60 20 00 64 00 15 00 10 00 17 76 24 80 24 50 24 50 20 51 10 00 20 00 19 50 20 00 53 00 56 90 20 00 28 30 28 60 7 10 77 85 4 00 38 00 67 46 2 00 1 00 14 00 49 20 7 50 8 00 46 50 10 00 10 00 154 10 5 00 60 00 To pay for stamps and labels supplied. Total.. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 136 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of Excise Provisional Allowance for the Year ended March 31, 1917. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. Excise Provisional Allowance. Gosnell, T. S Winnipeg. To pay Code, A Verner, T. H " Long, W. H. A " Lariviere, A. C. . . . Hammond, T. W. . Forsyth, D " Sparling, J. W " Greig, W. G " Morris, L. H Nicholl, F. A " Fegan, P. J " Ivey, W. J " Earl, R. W " Currie, W. W " Barrett, J. P " McNiven, J. D " Ashton, H " Davis, T. J " Belanger, A " Miller, J. C " Johcson, J. D " Cosgrove, J. B MacGillvray, E. F. Fletcher, R. W. . . Calgary. Con lin, W. M Moose-jaw. AT an, G. A Vancouver. Gray W. B Barnard, A. H Fletcher, R. W.... Markley, A. W. R. Wood, C. T Richardson, W Davis, W. E Dalgetty, Jas Joughin, W. J. C. . . Pierce, A. H Richards, D. H. . . Fidler, E Farrell, W. G McKibbon, W. S.. Prince, A Fidler, H Green, W Venn, C. J Hall, L. H Bell, W. H Anderson, J. H. . Campbell, T. N. Goudie, D. A Scott, J. O Wylie, M Conklin, W. M... McLachlan, P. . . Glenday, D McSpadden, M. . Quinn, T Gibson, J. N Grantham, J. A. Brown, R. H. . . Carmichael, D. . Morgan, E. J Mac Donald, G. . Simpson, G Sutherland, W.. Gray, R. S S cts 99 96 99 96 99 96 99 96 124 92 124 92 124 92 124 92 124 92 124 92 124 92 124 92, 124 92 124 92 124 92 49 92 150 00 150 00 150 00 139 55 150 00 150 00 51 66 50 00 25 00 100 00 125 00 125 00 125 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 87 50 150 00 150 00 37 50 87 50 75 00 150 00 71 77 26 21 150 00 150 00 150 00 125 00 125 00 125 00 57 08 99 99 75 00 37 50 150 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 124 92 124 92 124 92 124 92 20 82 124 92 STATISTICS 137 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of Excise Provisional Allowance for the Year ended March 31, 1917 — Continued. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. Alien, G. A Vancouver — Con. Jones, R. Victoria. Excise Provisional Allowance — Con. Wolfenden, Wm. Scanlan, T Corsan, R. C. . . Thorburn, Jas. . Allen, G. A Chilver, F. W... Deeley, F Grigor, R. W. . . Howell, T Atkins, B. R ... Leishman, A Delahay, Wm. . Hambley, S. E. Clements, R. S. Robinson, W Johnson, Geo. . . Huggett, A. P. . Shaw, J Ridgman, A. H. O' Sullivan, D... Jones, R Schreiber, C. B. Mara, J. L Sutherland, W. . Mason, Thos $ cts. 124 92 124 92 31 23 99 96 99 96 99 96 99 96 75 00 75 00 75 00 50 04 50 04 50 04 150 00 150 00 150 00 125 00 125 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 150 00 29 93 104 20 96 13 Total provisional allowances. 138 TNLA \D REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917— Continued. To whom paid. Place of Residence. Servi Amounts paid. Grubb, W. B Polley, W. H McPherson, J Polley, W. H Porter, N Thomson, J. M Clarke, Thos Hastey, J. W Jackson, H. B Kavanagh, A. J. . Dayton, G. F Ratchford, C. E McPherson, J Ball, J. A Campbell, T. N Roche, W. G. P Sanborn, J. B McLeod, J. H Marshall, Wm. C . . . The Employers Lia- bilities Ass. Corp., Ltd Railway Passengers' Ass. Co Dom. of Can. Guar. & Acc. Ins. Corp. The London Guar. & Acc. Corp. Ltd. . . . Imperial Guar. & Acc Ins. Co. of Canada Taber Trenton North-Sydney Trenton! Simcoe Napanee Pembroke Fort Francis. . . Rainy River. . Gaspe Edmundston. . Amherst North Sydney Dauphin Prince Albert. . Maple Creek.. . Vermilion Prince Rupert. Cranbrook Montreal Toronto Commissions to Customs Officer t From Dec. 21, 1915, to March 31, " April 1, 1915 1916 1916 April 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917 Dec. 1, 1916, April 1, 1916, Feb. 1, 1916, to March 31, Dec. 12, 1916, " April 1, 1916, Sept. 27, 1916, Nov. 17, 1916, April 1, 1916, 1917 I cts. 9 24 246 40 346 40 131 56 346 40 16 05 98 83 52 78 246 40 98 79 102 35 9 33 446 40 148 20 6 30 248 80 43 18 150 00 348 66 16 04 8 40 10 80 10 80 3 60 Total. STATISTICS 139 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 1/ — Details of Excise Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917— Continued. To whom paid. Abbott, H. F Adam, A. R Allen, G. A Amor, Wm Barrotte, J. E Bayard, G. A Bergeron, R. J Berry, H. L Bousquet, J. O Bouteiller, Geo Blyth, A Boyd, J. F. S Brennan, J Byrne, W. P Cahill, J. W Chaput, N. J Champagne, A Champagne, O Cheseldine, J. H. . Chilver, F. W Chilvers, W Cole, W. I Coleman, J. J Corriveau, O Cummiford, F. D. . Dalgetty, J Davis, T. J Denis, J. L Doyle, B. J Eakins, G. G Egener, A Elliott, W. J Fairley, Wm Falconer, J. E Feik, L Gariepy, L. N Gauthier, W Gauvin, L. E Gauvin, S. E Gerald, W. H Gerald, Chas Gray, R. S Granton, Chas Hallev, W. J Hardy, W. A. G... Harwood, J. O. A. . Helliwell, H. N.... Hughes, M Hurst, L. B Jamieson, R. C Jones, A Keogh, P. M Lally, J. E Lane, T. M Lamoureux, J. A. . . Langevin, H. H Lapointe, Z Lefebvre, S Lyons, E McArthur, G. H. McLenaghan, F. H. McMartin, A. G.... McNally, E McPherson, E. A. . . 12—11 Service. Amounts paid. Duty-pay. From April 1, 1916 to March 31, 1917. April 1 to Sept. 30, 1916 and Oct. April 1, 1916 to March 31, 1917... Nov. 1, 1916 to Jan. 23, 1917 April 1, 1916 to March 31, 1917... 1 to Oct. 31, 1916. May 8 to Aug. 20, and Sept. 11 to 22, 1916. April 1, 1916 to March 31, 1917..., April 1 to Sept. 30, 1916, and Oct. 1 to Nov. 15, 1916 April 1, 1916 to March 31, 1917 Dec. 23, 1916 to March 31, 1917. April 1, 1916 to March 31, 1917. to May 25, 1916. . to March 31, 1917 to Sept. 30, 1916.. to March 31, 1917. Aug. 7 to Aug. 27, 1916 Dec. 18, 1916 to Feb. 20, 1917, and 4 days. April 1, 1916 to March 31, 1917 Sept. 1 to Sept. 30, 1916, and 2 mos. to 30-11-16. April 1, 1916 to March 31, 1917 April 1 to Aug. 31, 1916, and 4 mos. 31-3- April 1, 1916 to March 31, 1917 " to Sept. 30, 1916 Dec. 14, 1916 to 31-3-17 April 1, 1916 to March 31, 1917 17. ' April 1 to June 30, and Aug. 1 to Sept. 30, 1916. and 1st to 31st of July $ cts 150 00 150 00 175 00 100 00 16 73 150 00 150 00 200 00 225 00 300 00 47 74 200 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 93 75 120 83 200 00 210 42 27 42 148 33 300 00 100 00 150 00 100 00 15 05 150 00 150 00 150 00 50 00 150 00 100 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 5 64 56 31 161 75 300 00 300 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 50 00 150 00 162 50 200 00 300 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 212 50 150 00 150 00 50 00 29 84 162 50 300 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 183 33 16 67 140 1XLAXD REYEXUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — Xo. 1. — Details of Excise Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917 — Concluded. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. Macdonald, A. B. Marin, L. H Martin, X Millier, E Milot, J. F Monforton, E. R. . Morris, T. H Murray, D Niven, T. D Normandin, G. H. O'Brien, J. F Oliver, J. T Olivier, J. A Olivier, H O'Neil, G Parent, D. J Poitras, W Provost, J. O Quinn, J. D Rousseau, E. H. . . Shorey, A. B Sprague, F. W Snowdon, J. W Sutherland, W... Thomas, R Thomas, F. W... Thurber, Geo Treverton, C. B. Uffelmann, A Walsh, D. J Walsh, W. H.... Wood, C. E Young, J. J Duty-pay — Concluded. From April 1 to March 31, 1917 " April 1 to Aug. 6, and Aug. 28 to Sept. 30, 1916. * April 1 to March 31, 1917 April 1 to June 30, and Aug. 1 to Sept. 30, 1916, and 1st to July 31st, 1916, and Dec. 14 to Feb. 20,1917 April 1 to March 31, 1917 Jan 24 to 31-3-17 April 1 to March 31, 1917. Oct. 1 to March 31, 1917.. April 1 to March 31, 1917. April 1 to Sept. 30, 1916, and Oct. 1 to Dec. 17, 1916 and Feb. 21 to March 31, 1917 April 1 to 30, 1916 April 1, 1916 to March 31, 1917 April 1 to May 24, and May 25 to June 26, 1916. April 1, 1916 to March 31, 1917 April 1, 1916 to Sept, 30, 1917... to March 31, 1917. $ cts. 250 00 94 36 200 00 187 50 138 25 100 00 100 00 300 00 150 00 300 00 250 00 87 50 200 00 150 00 150 00 18 82 100 00 75 00 237 50 112 50 150 00 170 83 245 85 12 50 150 00 150 00 28 43 150 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 Total. STATISTICS 141 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of General War Tax Expenditures for the year ended March 31, 1917. To whom paid. Amounts paid. General War Tax Contingencies. American Bank Note Co. The I'launt Hardware Co Desrivieres, J. A Brown, Miss J Leclcrc, Miss E Rousseau, Miss M Gagnon, O. Stamps supplied Hardware supplied Cartage Salary as stenographer. Moraud, L. $ cts. 7,828 00 14 10 28 00 57 60 45 54 56 26 Law Costs. Rex vs. J. E. H. Quippe " Richard, Loranger & St. Cyr " A. Shneer " A. Cofsky " R. Brender L.A.Roy " " M. Illman L. Millette " J. J. Leduc E. Ethier " Pharmacie Outremont " A. Tourangeau " E. Ethier " W. Paquin " A. Dugal " A. P. Fortier " Mrs. M. Boyce & Son " A. A. Cantin " Syndicate of Quebec " F. C. De Lachevrotiere " A. Theberge " N. Abouissify " I. Begin " A. Marchessault " A. Aubin " P. Langlois " L.Roy " D. E. Landry " J. Gagnon " P. Turgeon " A. E. Francoeur " J. A. Lapointe & Co " J. Paquet " Lepine Frere E. A. Delisle " Emond " J. Allard " J. P. Vezina " W. B. Rogers W. Brunet " E. Dube " La Cie Paquet, Ltd " Fraserville Drug Store " J. Viel '. " M. Gas Co " A. E. Thivierge " Irene Lord " Myrand & Pouliot " V. Giroux " Mrs. Laroche & Co Tai Sing Co " Vancouver Drug Co " J. M. White R. E. Forest " McDonald Hotel " Mrs. Saucier & Fletcher 20 00 68 55 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 28 90 23 90 14 00 20 00 10 00 14 00 83 50 10 00 10 00 14 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 45 94 23 75 23 75 50 94 50 94 51 44 51 84 24 50 24 50 24 50 24 50 24 50 24 50 24 50 24 50 24 50 10 00 20 00 44 50 44 50 52 20 30 05 30 05 30 05 30 05 7 30 24 50 49 00 24 50 48 50 10 00 15 00 25 40 25 00 25 00 •Hi 142 IN LAX D REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — No. L — Details of General War Tax Expenditures for the year ended March 31, 1917 — Continued. To whom paid. Fauteux & Fauteux Williams, W. H .. . Shurtleff. W. L — Mahaffy, Geo Smith, H. D Ross, Wm. L. . . Desroches, F. . . Campbell, A. F McHugh, G.... Panncton, D. . . McPherson, G. G Lefebvre, F Armstrong, A. H Smith, A. L Benneth, A. W Blewett, T. R Willoughly, Craig & Co Bowlby, D. S Turnbull & McCausland. Service. Law Costs — Con. Rex vs. Ladies Surprise Store . . " Neven & Fils, Ltd " E. Bourdon " R. G. Cooke " J. Audet " E. Ferris " A. Barter " Wadell, Boyd & Son. . . " A. R. Farr W. B. Straham " T. J. Hill Co W. D. McKellar " J. H. McKin " Johnson & Co " C: Sield " Tinsley & Co " J. Courney R. C. Porter " H. Lazarovitch G. W. Pollock " Parke, Davis Co " Chas. Hawkins " G. Hallet " G. H. Marie. " J. A. Beaudoin H. H. Cooper " J. A. Planche G. E. Denault " J. H. Vallandre & Cie. . H. Whitcomb " Dominion Lime Co. . . . " H. H. Hunt " J. Black " E. St. Onge A. S. Kendall " A. Couture " A. Provencher " J. E. Michel " Jas. Roy " A. Cote J. Pouliot " M. Bouret " J. D. Lafond " J. B. Lebond " A. W. Gibson " J. E. Hebert " L. David " J. Mear " A. C. Scarth " J. Brenner " H. Ruthemberg " Jno. Zakaib " E. Chevalier " W.Cornell " Benneth & Messcar R. W. Dunkan " J. Dykes " Dr. G. Longault " Limerick Supply " Surdia & George " J. D. McMillan " Dr. G. Longault " L. Bardon " Backhaltar Bros " W. H. Inkster Amounts, paid. cts. 10 00 10 00 10 00 20 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 20 30 20 98 40 98 10 00 10 00 10 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 10 00 20 00 10 00 16 05 40 00 20 00 20 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 32 60 31 85 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 14 15 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 CO 8 00 8 00 11 00 20 00 10 00 20 00 10 00 20 00 25 15 15 15 15 15 25 00 12 00 87 80 24 65 STATISTICS 143 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 1. — Details of General War Tax Expenditures for the year ended March 31, 1917 — Concluded. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. Bray, G Leblanc, A Burnett, A Wells, Thos... Milton, Pike J Neff, Garnet C Carrothers & Williams Thurston & Co Lamarre, J. S Levinson, E. R Morphy, W. S.. Braden, J. E. A Graham J. W... Champagne, N. Graydon & Gray don. . Lefehvre, L. J Emardt C Beament & Armstrong Marquis, A. W Robb, G Rondeau & Plante Desilets, F Law Costs — Con. Rex vs. O. Clark " A. Clement " P. Meyers " C. B. Kolstod " Mrs. L. Burtis " W. Bone " J. A. Maekners " Brewesters, Ltd " King Edward Grocery " W. J. Mindorf " Smith's Grocery " W. A. Sample -. " Burnie & Co " A. Jelbert " P. Carroll " J. Wilson " L. Enbinder " J. M. Cox.... " L. J. Lafontaine " Dominion Wine Vault x . . " H. Ross " G. Dewart " W. S. Dunlop t " H. Finesilver " N. Sixtet " H. Wright C. H. Falconer " Syer Grocery Co " J.T.Brown " Geo. Smith " L. H. Reesor " Darwin's " J. Davis " M. Moser " Joynt's Variety Store H. Finkelstein " L. Fine " M. Finkelstein " G. Lamb W. H. Thornton " F.E.Jones C. G. Lewis " L. S. Desautels " J. M. Cavanagh " A. Larose " Lecours & Lanctot " M. Levin " A. F. Amber " L. Hattey & Co " Jas. Wise " Jas. Bryce " T. A. Temple J. A. D. Godbout " O. Prince " E. Morse " R. O. Dumont " Genest & Cloutier " E. Deshais " A. Belliveau " Pharmacie Pelletier " Pharmacie Williams " C. Kleimer " M. Missif " P. Dufresne " E. Briere " A. Boisscau S cts 10 00 48 00 24 52 8 03 40 00 40 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 3 00 20 00 20 00 30 00 10 00 24 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 20 00 20 00 22 50 15 00 15 00 13 75 13 75 20 00 10 00 20 00 20 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 188 92 31 00 24 00 24 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 144 INLAND REVENUES Appendix B. — No. 2. 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 -Distribution of Seizures for the Year ended March 31, 1917. Division. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. Montreal Toronto St. Hyacinthe. Montreal Joliette Vancouver St. Hyacinthe. Montreal Vancouver St. Hyacinthe. Quebec. . St. John. Montreal Joliette Montreal Quebec Montreal St. Hyacinthe. Vancouver St. Hyacinthe. Montreal St. Hyacinthe. Ottawa Perth. Prescott . Ottawa . . Preacott . Toronto . Joliette . Montreal . Fox, J. D Frankland, H. R.. Cartier, A. P. . . . Fox, J. D it Mainville, CP. i . Thorburn, Jas Cartier, A. P.... Fox, J. D .... Thorburn, Jas Cartier, A. P. . . . Arcand, D Belyea, T. H. ... Fox, J. D .... Maniville, CP... Fox, J. D Arcand, D Fox, J. D Cartier, A. P. . . . Thorburn, Jas Cartie ] ,A »P. . . . Fox, J. D Cartier, A. P Goulet, A a it Ford, F. W. ...Y. it u Johnston, E. J. A. Halle v, W. J Mainville, CP... Kearney, D. J. . . . Brabant, G. N.... Roy, M. A, Barrette, J. E Kearney, D. J. . . . To pay informer For his share in Seizure No $ cts. 0.1375,, , 50 00 ' 430 25 00 ' 124 12 50 ' 125 12 50 ' 1371 50 00 ' 1366 200 00 ' 1368 5 00 ' 1355 25 00 ' 1372 5 00 ' 1352 50 00 ' 1374 2 50 ' 148 12 50 ' 74 25 00 ' 119 12 50 ' 126 12 50 ' 1347 50 00 ' 73 25 00 ' 113 12 50 ' 123 50 00 ' 127 12 50 ' 128 12 50 ' 129 12 50 ' 130 12 50 ' 5663 12 50 ' 659 25 00 ' 207 25 00 ' 208 50 00 ' 1347 100 00 ' 146 50 00 ' 1365 25 00 1 660 25 00 ' 5681 85 00 ' 135 2 50 ' 134 50 00 25 00 ' 136 12 50 1 137 12 50 ' 1380 5 00 < 139 50 00 238 25 00 243 15 00 245 15 00 246 25 00 247. . . 25 00 248 10 00 252 15 00 16 52 00 17 52 00 45 23 75 237 20 00 238 25 00 239 50 00 45 23 75 430 J2 38 430 12 37 147 14 72 147 14 72 147 14 71 148 6 95 148 6 95 1262 12 55 1265 0 25 1291 0 46 3 2 33 4 1 75 STATISTICS 145 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 2. — Distribution of Seizures for the Year ended March 31, 1917— Continued. Division. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. Montreal Kearney, D. J. For his share in Se Brabant, G. N. zura No. 5. " 6. ' " 9. ' " 1309. ' " 1310. 1. 2. 3. 5. ' " 6. " 1327. " 1332. ' " 5. 1342. 3. 7. 8. 1351. 2. 4. 5. 8. 1360. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7. 1370. 1371. 2. 4. 5. 5681. 1254. 1260. 2. 5. 1291. 3. 4. 5. 6. 9. 1309. 1310. 1. 2. 3. 1327. 1332. 5. 6. 8. 9. 1342. 3. 1347. $ cts. 1 75 0 25 1 50 24 84 1 41 5 75 4 00 1 00 0 75 2 50 9 12 62 25 2 11 5 00 1 75 4 59 17 29 17 62 124 88 1 50 32 31 48 82 89 52 26 64 12 00 13 12 89 86 25 60 11 90 115 87 10 72 2 77 5 05 6 30 31 50 1 78 0 63 16 00 85 00 2 50 5 10 12 55 0 25 0 47 2 33 1 75 1 75 0 25 1 50 24 84 1 42 5 75 4 00 1 00 0 75 2 50 9 13 62 25 2 12 5 00 1 75 4 59 17 29 17 62 124 88 I 146 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — No. 2. — Distribution of Seizures for the Year ended March 31, 1917 — Continued. Division. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. Montreal . Brabant, G. N St. Hyacinth© . Quebec. Winnipeg . Vancouver St. John St. Hyacinthe. Fox, J. D Costigan, J. J. . . Provost, J Pageau, G Lefebvre, A Cadotte, J. A . . (i a n a n it ti it tt it tt Raymond, J. C Galipeau, P. A.. Hardy, L u tt C6te8 0 33 it " ...... ii ii u 1343 150 00 ,1 ii ii ii 1347 0 80 u tt ii ii tt 1348 0 50 tt tt tt a 1351 0 33 I, ii 1352 50 50 tt ii ii a ii 1374 0 12 tt ii ii ii ii 1377 6 62 Li ii it u ii 1378 8 50 tt ii ii ii ii 1380 3 50 tt u ii u 1384 23 00 II 1 ■■■■ ii ii ii 1385 8 33 it Rrnbant d N ii a ii 1274 0 62 tt ii ii u 1284 0 70 tt ii u ii ii 1298 1 67 t, ii ii u a 1309 5 50 II ii a ii ii 1311 10 50 II ,1 a ii i< 1312 0 88 II « ii ii ii 1398 0 33 II u u a 1343 150 00 II ii ii ii 1347 0 80 A T r» n't T* fi q 1 Brabant, G. N ii a ii 1 348 0 50 ii ii ii 1351 0 33 u ii ii ii 1359 50 50 ii ii u u 1374 0 13 ,, ii ii ii 1377 6 63 ii ii ii ii ii 1378 8 50 ii ii ii ii ii 1380 3 50 a ii ii ii 1384 23 00 1, ii ii ii ii 1385 8 33 ii N't) wrt V. Lambert, J A. Costigan, J J Fox J. D Hardy, L it ii ti 1298 1 67 ii a u ii 1328 0 34 ii ii ii ii 1351 0 34 ,1 ii ii ii 1385 8 34 p. , ii u ii DOD 10 1 ; tt 11 11 ic 657 85 16 tt ii 658 3 26 u tt 659 5 65 tt „ 11 II It 660 20 75 u tt 665 24 68 u i, II II V 666 0 65 i, II It 11 5708 50 00 tt tt 11 11 11 5680 12 50 tt C6te, V. ......... . . 11 11 11 657 85 16 it II 11 11 658 3 27 tt 665 24 67 a 11 11 11 666 0 65 St. Hyacinthe Cadotte, J. A 127 5 00 II 11 II 128 4 75 II 11 11 129 3 37 II 11 11 130 3 25 132 3 75 a ii 11 11 11 134 21 74 M ii 11 11 11 135 1 00 1 ST A TJ8TI08 149 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B.- — No. 2. — Distribution of Seizures for the Year ended March 31, 1917— Concluded. Division. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid . St. Hyacinthe T hree-Rivers . St. John Halifax. Vancouver. Quebec Sherbrooke. Quebec Cadotte, J. A. . Raymond, J. C. Rouleau, J. C. Trudel, A Kelly, J. T.. Blethen, G.... Hubley, H. H. Thorburn, Jas. D. Arcand., . . . Belisle, J. C. Arcand , D . . For his sharo in Seizure No. 136. 137. 139. 140. 5663. 127. 128. 129. 130. 132. 134. 135. 136. 137. 139. 140. 134. 119. 207. 208. 209. 191. 191. 75. To pay informer J penalty collected No. No. 669 " 221 « « « 221 Total S cts, 6 12 5 63 25 00 6 25 12 50 5 00 4 75 3 38 3 25 3 75 21 74 1 00 6 13 5 62 25 00 6 25 21 75 50 00 25 00 45 45 19 75 12 50 12 50 22 50 12 50 25 00 75 00 REC APIT UL ATIO N . Ontario $ 1,210 30 Quebec 5,722 00 New Brunswick 190 20 Nova Scotia 50 00 Manitoba 250 00 British Columbia 223 50 S 7,646 00 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister 150 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — No. 2 (A). — Details of Excise Preventive Expenditures for the Year ending March 31, 1917. To whom paid. Service. Deductions for guarantee Amounts paid. Carson, J. F Hanham, J. H Smith, J. F Miller, C. W McCort, Jas Baron, J. H Denninson, F Cryne, J Harty, M.J Goulet, A Laverdure, E Labelle, V Boudreault, J. H. L.. Roy, E Corbeil, A Excise Preventive Officers. Brantjord. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. Hamilton. Salary as Preventive Officer from June 1, 1916 to March 31, 1917 " " from June 12, 1916 to March 31, 1917 London. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. Contingencies. Ottawa. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. . , from June 22, 1916 to March 31, 1917.... from January 1, 1917 to March 31, 1917.... Contingencies. Floody, E Wickens, A Lamont, S Roy, A Coutu, E. C Champagne, J. O. Pauze, C. E Toronto. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. Windsor. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year from Julv 11, 1916 to March 31, 1917 Joliette. Salary as Preventive Officer from April 1, to March 31, 1917 " " for the yare from April 1, to March 31, 1917 Contingencies. 0 81 $ cts. 899 19 0 81 0 72 1 53 0 81 0 81 1 62 1 53 0 90 0 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 72 9 45 0 81 0 81 1 62 0 81 0 81 0 81 1 26 3 69 749 19 802 02 1,551 21 899 19 899 19 1,798 38 2 90 949 18 899 10 883 80 899 10 899 10 899 10 899 10 899 10 161 76 ,085 94 528 82 1,198 02 899 19 649 99 1,549 18 899 19 899 19 899 19 273 74 2,971 31 399 96 STATISTICS 151 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 2 (A). — Details of Excise Preventive Expenditures for the Year ending March 31, 1917 — Continued. To whom paid . Service. Deductions for guarantee. Amounts paid. Ledoux, H Rainvillc, J. E Dousineau, H Hughes, M Lafleur, G. B Loranger, G. A Houde, J. A. D Deschambault, E... Cot6, B Guilbault, A Smith, D. J Gauthier, W Ouimet, A. L Thexien, E. E. C... Navert, C Labelle, J. D Lawrence, E Ross, W. L Lefebvre, S Poiricr, W Brabant, J. B. G. N Pageau, J. G Warren, G. S Brossard, W Dansereau, G. A Barnes, F Bessette, H Cote, F. X Fortin, J Djiggan, E Robitaille, L. P.. . Bolduc, L. P Paquet, L Fiset, A Bouchard, J. M. A Traversy, F. X. . . Gagnon, J. D Poirier, J. B. E.... Belleau, St. F Excise Preventive Officers — Con. Montreal. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. . . died March 23, 1917. for the year from October 1, 1916 to March 31, 1917 from Nov. 1, 1916, died, Feb. 17, 1917 for the year from Oct. 1, to Mar. 31, 1917 for the year Contingencies. Quebec. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. from Oct. 2, 1916 to Mar. 31, 1917... for the year from Feb. 19 to Mar. 31, 1917 from Feb. 19 to Mar 31, 1917 Contingencies. Somers, T. S. Sherbrooke. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. Contingencies cts. 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 99 0 66 0 72 0 72 0 72 0 72 0 72 0 72 $ cts. 1,199 10 1,199 10 999 06 999 06 999 06 999 06 999 06 899 10 899 10 899 10 300 00 899 10 899 10 899 10 899 10 899 10 899 10 899 10 882 16 599 01 165 98 899 28 899 28 599 28 899 28 899 28 899 28 22 17 23,427 33 1,342 07 0 81 0 81 0 81 0 81 0 81 0 81 0 81 0 72 0 72 0 72 899 19 899 19 899 19 S99 19 584 27 446 77 896 77 899 28 899 28 899 28 101 78 113 09 7 83 8,437 28 2,688 19 0 81 899 19 224 27 152 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — No. 2 (A). — Details of Excise Preventive Expenditures for the Year ending March 31, 1917 — Continued. To whom paid. Service. Deductions for guarantee Amounts paid. Cadotte, J. A... Raymond, J. C. Surprenant, J. . . Labonte, F. X. . Chaput, N. J. . . Lamoureux, H. . Richard, Jos Quesnel, G. A. Trudel, A Thivierge, P. . Kelly, J. T. Healey, T. J. Excise Preventive Officers — Con. St. Hyacinthe. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. . . . from Feb. 1 to Mar 31, 1917 Contingencies Three Rivers. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. Contingencies St. John. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. Contingencies Halijax. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. Contingencies Arsenault, J. F.. Cosgrove, J. B. . Belanger, A Ash ton, H Davis, T. J Danis, J. M Fidler, E Joughin, W. J. C Richards, D. H Pictou. Contingencies Chariot: etown. Salary as Preventive Officer from Oct. 23, 1916 to Mar. 31, 1917... Contingencies Winnipeg. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. from Jan. 1 to March 31, 1917 Contingencies. Moosejaw. Salary as Preventive Officer from March 22 to Mar. 31, 1917 Contingencies Calgary. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. cts. 0 81 0 81 0 81 0 81 0 72 0 72 0 24 4 92 0 81 0 81 0 24 1 86 1 26 0 81 0 81 899 1 S99 19 899 19 1,199 19 899 28 899 28 149 76 5,845 08 516 32 899 19 899 19 899 76 2,698 14 3 75 998 70 982 93 899 19 512 40 351 84 350 90 0 81 0 81 0 72 0 24 2 68 0 08 0 81 0 81 0 81 2 43 899 19 899 19 899 28 224 76 2,922 42 799 92 32 17 100 55 899 19 899 19 899 19 2,697 57 8TA TISTICS 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 2 (A). — Details of Excise Preventive Expenditures for the Year ending March 31, 1917 — Concluded. To whom paid. Service. Deduc- tions for guarantee. Amounts paid. Total amounts paid. Grantham, J. A Brown, R. H Excise Preventive Officers — Con. Vancouver. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year n « » Contingencies S cts. 0 81 0 81 0 81 2 43 68 69 $ cts. 899 19 899 19 899 19 2,697 57 1,078 58 $ cts. 3,776 15 80,499 76 RECAPITULATION. Excise Preventive salaries '. $ 69,959 71 " Contingencies 10,540 05 S 80,499 76 See Statement No. 5. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister.. 154 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — No. 2 (B). — Details of Weights and Measures Preventive Expenditures for the Year ending March 31, 1917. To whom paid. Service. Guarantee. Amounts paid. Duffy, W. Barbeau, C Charbonneau, J. A. Dugal, G. A Ruel, A Lanthier, E. Baudet, E.. Landry. Wm. Desilets, J. A. Bowles, H. W Walker, M. W. W. Sparling, E. J Green, Wm . Farrell, W. G. McLeod, John McDonagh, J. A. Shaw, A. I. Eadie, J.. . . Greig, J. T. Weights and Measures Preventive. Kingston. Salary as Preventive officer for the year.. Ottawa. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. . from July 26 1916 to March 31, 1917. Montreal. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. " " from Nov. 1st, 1916 to March 31, 1917 St. Hyacinthe. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. . Halijax. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. Charlottetown. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. Winnipeg. Salarv as Preventive Officer from July 3, 1916 to March 31, 1917 Calgary. Salary as Preventive Officer from Novem- ber 1st, 1916 to March 31, 1917 Edmonton. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year " " from July 10, 1916 to March 31, 1917 Regina. Salary as Preventive Officer from April 11 to March 31, 1917 " " for the year. . Saskatoon. Salary as Preventive Officer for the year. Total $ cts 54 2 34 63 63 1 26 54 54 54 54 54 .54 1 62 54 10 62 $ cts 899 46 899 37 899 37 899 37 614 06 3,312 17 899 37 82 67 982 04 899 46 899 46 1,798 92 , 899 46 899 46 669 62 374 46 899 46 652 68 1,552 14 8?4 46 899 46 899 46 2,673 38 899 46 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. STATISTICS 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 APPENDIX B. No. 3. — Details of Sundry Minor Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917. To whom paid. Place of residence. Service. Amounts paid. Total amounts paid. Blackader, Dr. A. D Rudolf, Dr. R. D.... Blewett, F. R Gagnon, 0 Foxwall, W. E Thurston & Co Toronto Stratford Victoria Proprietary or Patent Medicine Act. For consultation as expert Law costs Rex vs. John Dykes " " Johnson, Richardson, Co., Ltd $ cts. 400 00 400 00 10 00 20 00 1 00 20 00 $ Cts. 851 00 Refund of Registration fee Inland Revenue Department, J. U. VINCENT, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. Deputy Minister. 12—12 156 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX B. — Continued. No. 4. — Details of Adulteration of Food Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917. To whom paid. Service. Deductions for O Amounts paid. Hogan, J. Talbot, J. Forde, F. W. Dager, H. J. Kearney, D. J. Costigan, J. J. . Beland, F. X. W. E. Rouleau, J. C. Ferguson, J. C. Waugh, R. J. Mackeen, E. T. . Arseneault, J. F. Cosgrove, J. B Markley, A. W. R. Kingston. Salary as Inspector for the year. Contingencies $ cts. London. Salary as Inspector for the year. Contingencies Ottawa. Salary as Inspector from November 8, 1916 to March 31, 1917 Toronto. Salary as Inspector for the year. Contingencies Montreal. Salary as Inspector for the year. . Contingencies Quebec. Salary as Inspector for the year Contingencies St. Hyacinthe. Salary as Inspector for the year. Contingencies St. John, N.B. Salary as Inspector for the year. Contingencies Halijax. Salary as Inspector for the year. Contingencies Cape Breton, "Sydney" Salary as Inspector for the year. . Charlottetown. Salary as Inspector from October 23, 1916 to March 31, 1917 Contingencies Winnipeg. Contingencies Calgary. Salary as Inspector for the year. Contingencies 9 96 3 96 $ cts. 1 08 42 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 0 47 S cts. 198 84 142 86 198 84 375 60 78 99 198 84 180 43 398 88 488 88 956 51 298 92 372 60 198 84 5 48 194 88 371 78 348 84 256 48 198 84 87 66 126 80 298 92 296 13 STATISTICS 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 No. 4. — Details of Adulteration of Food Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917— Continued. To whom paid. 1 )anis, J. M Parker, T Morgan, E. J. O'Sullivan, D. Service. Saskatchewan. Salary as Inspector from 22 to 31 March, 1917 .- Nelson. Salary as Inspector for the year. Contingencies Vancouver. Salary as Inspector for the year. Contingencies Victoria. Salary as Inspector from April 1 to June li 1916 Deductions for a a $ cts 13 92 $ cts 0 03 1 08 0 36 0 18 14 42 Amounts paid. $ cts 16 10 198 84 207 10 66 28 73 38 33 14 24 55 Total amounts paid. $ cts. 16 10 405 94 139 66 57 69 7,349 32 12—12^ 158 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX B — Continued. No. 4. — Details of Adulteration of Food Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. Adulteration of Food. Contingencies. McGill, A., Ottawa Laboratory. Forward, Halifax Laboratory. Forster, Winnipeg Laboratory. . . Dawson, Vancouver Laboratory. Dager, H. J., Hamilton Rickey, J. A., Ottawa Brochu, O., Armagh. . , Parent, A., Montreal Gendreau, T., Montmagny. ..... Blondin, E., Pierreville LaRue, J. B., Quebec Robitaille, L. P., Quebec Lortie, J. A., Quebec Audet, J. E., St. Anselme Rioux, J. H., St. Fabien Lavallee, V. P., St. Felix de Val ois ' Cadieux, N., St. Jerome Deschenes, E., St. Octave Pelletier, A., Ste. Perpetue Roy, F. X., St. Philippe de Neri Petipas, W. A., Tracadie Hall, L. H., Moosejaw Armytage, G. G., Vancouver Dessaint, Mrs., Ottawa.. Guimond, Mrs., Ottawa. Turpin, Mrs., Ottawa Lafleur, Mrs., Ottawa... Paulin, Mrs., Ottawa Farmer, Mrs., Ottawa. . . Pratt, Mrs., Ottawa Special Assistance. Sundries Special assistance. Sundries Travelling expenses and purchases of samples. General Contingencies. For cleaning Laboratory Morisset, M., Ottawa... Fissiault, J. A., Ottawa. Special translation. Ellis, Dr. W. H., Toronto... Donald, Dr. J. T., Montreal. Retaining fees as member of Advisory Board of Food standards Girdwood, Dr. G. P., Montreal. . Choquette, Rev. C. P., St. Hya- cinthe Travelling expenses re Board of Examiners. The Ontario Hughes Owens Co., Ottawa Bank of Montreal, Ottawa The B.C. Assays Chemical Supply Co., Ltd The Topley Co., Ottawa The Pritchard & Andrews Co., Ltd Apparatus for Ottawa Laboratory Draft purchase to pay for apparatus from Eimer & Amend Apparatus for Laboratory Chemical supplies for Laboratory. To repairs of stamps 1,298 30 2,013 91 240 00 1,483 54 292 93 531 95 3,312 21 1,723 54 292 93 531 95 418 48 99 IS 233 26 124 81 276 38 891 07 166 64 200 00 31 23 448 ;i 218 26 .750 82 290 1!) 157 55 537 48 100 00 193 72 640 48 974 17 19,952 35 4S0 00 313 00 313 00 313 00 235 00 85 00 222 00 201 15 221 40 400 00 400 00 75 00 80 75 261 02 134 17 618 90 2,807 56 8 70 STATISTICS 159 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 No. 4 Details of Adulteration of Food Expenditures for the year ended March 31, 1917— Continued. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. Total amounts paid. Lymans, Ltd., Montreal Collector of Customs, Ottawa Gooderham & Worts, Ltd., To- ronto R. H. Pringle & Co., Ottawa General Supply Co. of Canada, Ltd., Ottawa Adulteration of Food — Con. General Contingencies — Con. Chemical supplies for Laboratory. Duty paid on goods Goods for Ottawa Laboratory. American express 1 propeller for fan. MacKinnon, J. L., Halifax. Leblanc, A., Montreal Tweedie, McGillivray, Burrow & Oldham, Calgary Wells, T., Ingersoll Murray & McKinnon, Halifax. Graham, J. W., St. Mary's. Thompson, T. H., Mitchell. Sangster, H. W., Windsor... Gagnon, O., Montreal. Baird, W. J., Vancouver. Aikman, J. A., Victoria Piette, J. A., Joliette. . . Plante, A., Valley field. Graydon & Graydon, London. . . . Blewett, F. R., Stratford Bowbley, D. S., Berlin Abbott, A., Trenton Mulcaster, R., Prince Albert Jermyn, J. W., Saskatoon Carnew, W., Belleville Andrews, Andrews, Coale, 4c, Winnipeg Law Costs. Law costs Rex vs. A. J. Keddy. . H. E. Walker. Leblanc W. McLean John Irwin Co W. Stone Sons, Ltd Melvin Corkum & Ratcey, Ltd. Wm . Moore J. R. Rawley Bauld Bros A. L. Melvin Dickson's, Ltd W. R. Cole T. H. Curry New England Fertilizer. . Dupuy & Ferguson Mount La Salle Grocery. Canada Maple Exchange. J. Culos I. Getz W. J. Pilon Dr. V. Rheaume Brown Bros. Co Jack Lew Vancouver Drug Co Red Rose Grocery S. T. Wallace J. W. Bryan W. Cowling W. H. Edgett & Co Sylvester Bros A. Chauss6 A. Goulet Gravel & Brady Besure & Chasls U. Brooks Besure & Chasls J. St. Louis A. M. Hamilton & Son. . . H. English et al Nectar Mfg. Co E. G. Lang D. A. Parkes W. H. Rowe J. A. Stewart , P. H. Coad F. O. Diamond L. Keplan B. Gimouski Freedman & Goldsmith. 10 00 10 00 20 00 10 00 10 00 20 00 10 00 10 00 20 00 10 65 10 00 10 00 10 00 60 00 23 50 22 40 14 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 10 10 10 00 19 58 5 00 22 00 37 50 21 65 30 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 6 50 20 00 22 00 10 00 25 00 80 00 54 80 79 06 5 00 10 25 10 25 11 59 10 00 20 00 10 00 20 00 cts. 4,009 29 160 I X I. WD REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 No. 4. — Details of Adulteration of Food Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917— Continued. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. Stewart, H. A., Brock ville Armstrong, A. H., Ottawa Macdonald, A. H., Guelph Laughtin, J. B., Cartwright McCullough & Britton, Uxbridge McGarry & Costello, Renfrew... Fauteux & Fauteux, Montreal — Fortier, G., St. John Thurston & Co,, Toronto Rigney, T. J., Kingston Ross, W. L., Hamilton Evans, T. W. W., Beedford... MacKenzie, C. Y., Boissevain Moraud, L., Quebec E. Bailey Fisher, Winnipeg. . Moraud, J. B. L., Quebec Cloutier, R., Waterloo Doull, J., New Glasgow Perkins, W. J., Estevan Moore, W. H., Peterborough Kidd, W. J., Ottawa Munro, H. H., Stettler Wilkins, E. D. H., Wetaskiwin. . . Elliott, H. B., London Tweedie, McGillivray & Barron Calgary Shurtleff, W. L., Coaticook Langlois, J. C, Buckingham. Adulteration of Food — Con. Law Costs — Con. Law costs Rex vs. L. Rosman " Paskorsky " Hudson's Bay Co Charles Bros " Daoust & Belanger A. Langdon J. C. Hadden " J. W. Carson P. D. Evans " G. S. Vernon " N.Meeken H. Pepin " M. L. Archambault J. Chartier " Ontario Fertilizer Co R. Simpson Co., Ltd Leblanc Bros " Fleming Bros Liggett's, Limited T. Arnold " C. N. Cunningham C. R. McLeod F. H.Baker & Co " McLees, Ltd D. S. Lyne Hamilton Importing Co., Ltd " J. D. Wisdom & Co W. F. Woodhall W. Tremblay " A. Larue N. Gagnon " A. Leclerc W.B.Rogers G. E. Dussault " G. A. Hunter " J. J. Mooney L. P. Renaud " J. Andy J. Vezina " S. Vachon " L. M. Marcaurale H. Cyr " J. B. Strickland " D. L. Irvine " C. A. Curran E. Oliver " F. Darling Dawson Bros S.Mitchell Canada Maple Exchange W.J.Hart T. F. Ball W. J. Duffin Jenkins Co Langston E. C. Drolet L. C. Washburn " B. M. Robinson " B. J. Smith S. C. Smith F. W. Warwick cts 10 00 20 00 10 00 10 00 20 00 20 00 15 00 15 00 15 00 10 00 59 50 10 00 14 00 20 00 10 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 10 00 40 00 20 00 20 00 12 25 20 00 54 75 12 37 41 46 30 00 10 00 10 00 7 80 14 50 10 00 13 50 15 00 15 00 10 00 10 00 20 00 54 60 4 00 4 00 20 00 12 52 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 20 00 15 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 STATISTICS 161 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 No. 4. — Details of Adulteration of Food Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917— Concluded. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. Marquis, A. W., St. Ca harines.. Pitblade, Norkin Co., Winnipeg. Bernier, Blackwood & Bernier Winnipeg , Le Vinson, E. R., Winnipeg Lawlor, W. A., Chatham Duchemin, H. P., Sydney Jermyn & Sibbald, Saskatoon. . Berube, L., Fraserville Macdonald, A., Charlottetown . . . Crepeau & Cote, Arthabaska Hanna, LeSueur & McKinley Sarnia Adulteration or Food — Con. Law Costs — Con. Law costs Rex vs. C. W. Gibson. Theal Bros. . . G. Blackwall. Collin Hardy & Buchannan Co C. P. Hickey H. C. Ballen & Co R. S. Flemey J. M. Damien & Cie J. G. Passmore E. Tombs A. Peters Jenkins & Son Beer & Goff Carvell Bros N. A. Kirouac & Ewing & Sons W. H. Tincher Printing. . . Stationery . cts 10 00 20 00 47 60 20 52 20 00 12 00 10 00 87 11 42 13 20 00 12 00 12 00 24 00 12 00 42 81 91 25 20 00 Total . REC APIT ULATION. Food Salaries $ 3,532 87 Contingencies 16,419 48 General Contingencies 9,971 29 Printing Z 10,575 77 Stationery 995 32 841,494 73 See Statement No. 6. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Min ster. 162 in lax d it fa i:\ri; s 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 7t - — - 3.=. 0 O rt » — — o CO CO o o co o co o O O O O CO o co 35 "ft CO oj co ft -H O C5 O •ft o •ft o o o co o CI o o o >ft o 35 CO CO t"- ift 00 Ift »• — 00 CI CO CI CI -T -f rH co tft * ~ V /- ci io io co o HXOM 00 — ' 'ft CO CO CO CI o 35 o ift o OCOOMNO CI CO O O ft as ift — CO C-T CO i-I C} CN ci — C< — CO O ~ O O O O c-1 o o o cOiftiftCOOOOO CI O O © — 35 i - o >ft 10 o o co O c; O oo co co co co co co •tnoci CO CO t - 'ft CO O © © -MOO s a CO35 35 C035C0t^© M O U5 CI -i CO O) OMfl-# l» / C5 N 00 N O CO © © o t~ o © Ift —I 02 5 ' > 3 3 « |H O — _ — c3 cu >. . cu §S ~ I* O fa fa — c3 — I ft >> sf 8 3 fafa ■ S o i *— ■ i fa CO CO O 1- 03 o 0 > s ; cu 3 2 3 2 a fa fa fa >5 03 © © © © © o o o o o O O O ift ON t^r io co" co o o o o o o o o o o o o o o CO CO CO Ift »ft CI cooi c{cT cnT ci ci o o o o o o o o o CO — CO • oooooooo 000ftOOO CO — I — 35 00 00 00 CO CO CI CI — — — 7 — 7 — " — O O o O O O CO CO O) ,o > a — — CI CI OJ CI CI CI C 3 5 "« ■« is S « >M o cu . '3 ft'S o cu . ^ r3 w CU — « . /. ^c; — S C c3 -2 c« a o 3 ao 9c °ia 5 -< ° c3 > *> ti i-, ■ rH DD Qi CD! fa -H> — p£.C^i ci oi O a 3 J c5 OQ^CfaO .- -i a cc-5 c3 - cu C3 j- 3.S - DO g o'gS' o c o _; K x S ^. — x ^ cu cS - > > a cu m cu cu cu ^3 STATISTICS 163 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 ggggggggggggggggg o coog© IsssasasssBssssH i s§is ooogoogooooocc^ooo co 2 = = « r- gggggggggg gooooooooo SSK8SS S3 S88£ 2^ Pn lllllllllllsssllll 1 IIS eocococococococccocococococococococo IlliftiWI 888888S 8fe8883 3 S8888 838 35 5382 3S888S5 f3 83838 8383S88 IIHII £ ~g?|3 83 :g : § KKKKKS S3888S 58888 S888S §§§iii 1 mm -< pq pq pq pq pq S x — /. ggggg fill! ggggg hub ggggg iiiii gggg gg^g S8B8 ilsi gg3S KgSg 88 gg;-2§ sgsg SS38 111 M N M " -< Hi « Repairs to Stamps, etc Distilled water Furniture and apparatus. . . Documents Cartage Brokerage War tax stamps Electric supplies Office supply Repairs to locks and keys. 650 500 250 400 166 153 250 325 396 408 485 165 283 283 276 181 161 226 24 2,645 384 4,255 393 121 632 300 129 772 55 270 319 300 80 13 212 293 74 343 591 55 3 230 54 72 1 98 276 00 0 77 32 20 118 30 0 40 0 20 0 50 14 00 12 00 7 50 0 75 15 CO $ cts. 5,587 61 7,285 52 515 11 3,798 72 591 55 ^6 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — No. 5. — Details of Departmental Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917 — Continued. Names. W. J. Graham Dominion Express Co Toronto Daily Star Hugh Carson Co The Plaunt Hardware Co. . . .* Mcintosh & Watt Le Droit Thos. Birkett & Son Co., Ltd. . . . W. R. Law The G.N.W. Telegraph Co. Mess. boys The C.P.R. Telegraph Co. mess. boys M. Landreville The Tally-Ho-Pure Water Co., Ltd The Evening Journal T. J. Moore & Co The Mercantile Agency, Toronto... The Times, Peterborough , The Gazette, Montreal The Evening Citizen, Ottawa The Ottawa Free Press, Ottawa. . . . The Journal Printing Co. Ltd, Ottawa R. Lafontaine, Ottawa Le Canadien, Chatham, Ont Central Liberal Information Office, Ottawa The Daily Journal, Calgary The Citizen, Vancouver The Vancouver Daily Province, Vancouver The Colonist , Vancouver The Week, Victoria Le Manitoba, St. Boniface The North West Review, Winnipeg The Telegram, Winnipeg Les Cloches de St. Boniface, St. Boniface The World, Chatham, N.B L'Evangeline, Moncton, N.B The Globe, St. John, N.B Le Moniteur Acadien, Shediac, N.B The Bridgewater Bulletin, Bridge- water, N.S The Herald, Halifax, N.S The Windsor Tribune, Windsor, N.S The Intelligencer, Belleville, Ont. . . The Planet, Chatham, Ont The Guelph Herald, Guelph, Ont... The Herald, Hamilton, Ont.. .... The Daily Spectator, Hamilton, Ont The Labour News, Hamilton, Ont.. The Farmers Advocate, London... . The Free Press, London The Evening Journal, Ottawa The United Canada, Ottawa The Standard, St. Catharine Saturday Night, Toronto The Toronto Daily Star, Toronto . Globe Printing, Toronto Mail and Empire, Toronto The News, Toronto Service. War tax stamps. Express cartage. Newspapers Repairs to kit. . Hardware Glassware Newspapers Hardware Sundries Messages. Cartage Distilled water. . . Newspapers 1 Signature stamp. Subscription Amounts paid. $ cts. 7 10 8 05 0 25 0 50 1 35 1 00 0 40 0 55 0 60 6 50 7 50 0 75 21 40 0 24 75 00 6 46 3 00 3 35 1 80 1 85 58 26 3 00 0 45 1 00 3 00 1 00 2 00 1 00 5 00 1 00 1 00 7 50 1 00 3 00 4 00 4 00 3 60 3 00 1 00 1 50 3 00 14 40 si 1 TI8TI08 167 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 5. — Details of Departmental Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917 — Continued. Names. Service. Amounts paid. Total amounts paid. The* lanada Mining Journal, Toronto The Daily World, Toronto The Catholic Register and Canadian Extension, Toronto The Evening Telegram, Toronto The Free Mason, Toronto Financial Post, Toronto The Express, Woodstock The Charlottetown Examiner, Char- lottetown, P.E.I Bulletin des Recherches Historiques, Beauceville, Que Le Progres du Saguenay, Chicoutimi L'Action Canadienne, Fraserville. . La Semaine, Grande Mere L'Etoile du Nord, Joliette La Presse, Montreal rhe Gazette, Montreal La Patrie, Montreal Herald Publishing Co., Montreal. . . The Montreal Star, Montreal Le Devoir, Montreal. . . . : Revue trimestrielle Canadienne, Montreal Le Pays, Montreal Le Nationaliste L'Action, Montreal Le Moniteur du Commerce, Montreal La Revue Canadienne, Montreal... . Le Peuple, Montmagny Printing Chronicle, Quebec Le Verite, Quebec L'Evenement, Quebec L'Action Sociale, Quebec La Nouvelle France, Quebec La Semaine Commerciale, Quebec. La Societe de Geographic Quebec. . Le Progres du Golfe, Rimouski. . . . L'Eveil, Sorel Le Sorelois, Sorel La Tribune, St. Hyacinthe Le Courrier de St. Hyacinthe, St. Hyacinthe Le Canada Frangais, St. John, Que Le Bien Public, Three Rivers Le Journal de Waterloo, Waterloo. . Le Patriote, Prince Albert, Sask Canada News Paper London, Eng. . fournal of Gas Lighting & Co., London, Eng La Banque Nationale, Paris, France American Food Journal, Chicago, ~ U.S.A Scientific American, New York, U.S.A robacco World Publishing Co., Philadelphia, U.S.A Le Droit, Ottawa, Ont* Le Canaclien, Thetford Mines Le Canada, Montreal rhe Evening News, Montreal rhe Montreal Daily Mail, Montreal Le Re veil, Montreal Subscription . $ cts 4 00 11 00 1 50 3 00 1 00 6 00 1 00 2 50 2 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 0 75 14 25 27 00 7 75 6 00 6 00 15 00 6 00 3 00 2 00 2 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 2 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 7 00 6 69 4,00 2 50 9 25 2 00 6 00 1 00 5 50 1 00 3 00 3 50 168 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — No. 5. — Details of Departmental Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917 — Concluded. Names. Amounts paid. Total amounts paid. Le Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec The Standard, Montreal The Sun, Vancouver The Journal Press, Ottawa Jones- Yarrell, London, Eng Subscription. Total . $ cts. 3 00 2 35 6 00 30 00 18 12 cts. 550 83 19,327 55 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. STATISTICS 169 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. G Details of Weights and Measures Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917. To whom paid. Service. Deductions for Amounts paid. Diamond, F. D Kylic, R Howson, G. H.. Worrell, Jas. . . . Sealey, J. C Fitzgerald, E. W. Wheatley, A. E... Laidman, R. H . . Clegg, J Brick, J. H Von Newbronn, A Pryke, J Gallagher, F. . . MacLean, C. E. Davis, J. M Belleville. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year. $ cts $ cts Salaries Contingencies. Hamilton. Salary as Inspector for the year Asst. Inspector for the year. Salaries Contingencies. Kingston. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year. Salaries Contingencies. Hughes, R. A Thomas, J. S. Liddle, D.... Cada, T. A... Webbe, S. A.. Porter, A Marshall, F. . London. Salary as Inspector for the year Asst. Inspector for the year. Asst. Inspector, resigned from May 21, 1916.. . from Aug. 10, 1916 to Mar. 31, 1917.. Hinchey, E. H . .. Breen, J Hodgins, G. C. . . . Church, G. C Trumpour, F. T. T Mattice, A. E Chenier, T Rowat , W McKay, E Montreuil, Z. A Salaries Contingencies . Ottawa. Salary as Inspector for the year Asst. Inspector for the year. 33 00 Asst. Inspector, from Sept. 1 1918 to Mar. 31, 1917 from Sept. 1, 1916 to Mar. 31, 1917 $ cts. 3 60 1 80 1 80 1 80 $ cts 1,096 32 839 82 839 82 839 82 9 00 3,615 78 2,108 71 3 60 80 1,396 32 998 16 1,098 12 1,098 12 898 20 898 16 839 82 839 82 16 20 8,166 72 3,074 65 3 60 1 50 1 1,196 40 840 12 698 16 6 90 .3 30 1 80 1 1 1 0 30 1 05 2,734 68 351 19 1,279 96 998 16 998 16 839 82 839 82 107 Z 571 18 11 85 5,634 37 3,083 68 3 60 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 05 1 05 1,613 40 1,098 12 839 82 731 46 839 82 839 82 498 12 839 82 465 57 523 95 170 IS LAX D REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — No. 6. — Details of Weights and Measures Expenditures for th( Year ended March 31, 1917 — Continued. To whom paid. Service. Deductions for C ii hi C z a 3 H s 3 X 0> Amounts paid. $ cts. $ cts. Ethier, J. P . . Couillard, J. E. Blair, O. T Sehppard, C. F McConvey, J. J. . . . Wright, R. J Smith, J. C Cruickshank, E. . . Fallowdown, W. A McEachern, C. A.. Scarf e, W. S Howe, F. E Archambault, J. E Daoust, J. A Hebert, J. A Boudet, E Galipeau, J. B. N. Wilson, J. C Belanger, S. F Chapleau, J. R. . . . Poitras, D Boyd, W. R Grignon, E. S Gibault, A Dostaler, A Salary as Asst. Inspector, from Sept 1, 1916 to Mar. 31, 1917. . . " Asst. Inspector, from Sept 1, 1916 to Mar. 31, 1917.. . . " Asst. Inspector, from Sept 1, 1917 to Mar. 31, 1917.. . . " Asst . Inspector for the year $ cts. 1 05 1 05 1 0.5 0 45 cts. 523 95 523 95 523 95 899 55 33 00 21 90 Contingencies. 10,761 30 4,275 04 Toronto. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year. 3 60 80 Salaries Contingencies. 16 20 Montreal. Salary as Inspector died Dec. 22, 1916. " Asst . Inspector for the year . Bernard, A. A. Roy, C. E LeBel, J. A Knowles, C Bourget, L. J Beauchamp, L. E Bernatchez, A Duchesne, N Couture, C. H... . Lortie, J. A Asst. Inspector, from Sept. 1, 1916 to Mar. 31, 1917 Inspector from 9th to Mar. 31, 1917 Salaries Contingencies. Quebec. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year. 38 40 87 60 1 05 0 22 23 77 1,596 36 1,174 20 1,198 20 898 20 998 16 998 16 839 82 998 16 8,701 26 2,092 20 70 1,347 31 80 1,398 12 80 1,398 12 80 1,098 12 80 998 16 80 998 16 80 1,198 21 80 839 82 80 798 12 80 839 82 80 839 82 80 839 82 507 25 111 07 13,211 92 6,146 75 3 60 1,596 36 1 80 1,059 72 1 80 998 16 1 80 998 16 1 80 598 20 1 80 598 20 1 80 598 20 1 80 510 60 1 80 748 20 STATISTICS 171 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 6. — Details of Weights and Measures Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917. — Continued. To whom paid. Service. Deductions for. i a Amounts paid. Dagneau, J. T Hudon, P. E Prefontaine, F. H. Delorme, O. C... Lamy, C Lemire, J. N . . . . Morin, J. P Champagne, J. A. Lessard, A Bolduc, E Carette, E Dubord, E Massicotte, A. N Quebec — Con. Salary as Asst. Inspector for the year $ cts. $ cts. cts 1 80 1 80 1 80 cts. 448 20 298 20 798 12 Salaries Contingencies. Sherbrooke. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year. 38 40 87 60 23 40 Salaries Contingencies. St. Hyacinthe. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year. Salaries Contingencies. Three Rivers. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector, from April 1 1916 to July 31, 1917 " Asst. Inspector for the year.. . Asst. Inspector, from Sept 1, 1916 to Mar. 31, 1917.... Barry, Jas Bernier, J. A. . . White, H. E. .. Leblanc, J. D. . Limerick, A. K O'Brien, W Waugh, R. J Salaries Contingencies. St. John. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst . Inspector for the year . Salaries Contingencies. Halijax. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year. Salaries Contingencies. 9,250 32 7,358 40 77 40 77 40 3 60 1 80 1 80 1,296 36 839 82 762 42 7 20 2,898 60 2,193 50 3 60 1 80 1,296 36 898 20 5 40 2, 194 56 1,784 04 3 60 0 60 1 80 1 80 1 05 996 36 260 72 839 82 839 82 498 93 8 85 3,435 65 1,403 19 3 60 1 80 1 80 1 80 1 80 1,496 40 898 20 948 12 839 82 723 20 10 80 4,905 74 1,072 48 3 60 1 80 1,096 32 781 51 5 40 1,877 83 2,272 62 12—13 172 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — No. 6. — Details of Weights and Measures Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917. — Continued. To whom paid. Service. Deductions for. 0 Amounts paid. Dustan, Wm. . . . Chisholm, J. J... Campbell, D. A. Davy, Edmond. McKay, R Gilby, W. F.... Spicer, H Grant, CD.... Field, W.J McKay, J Attridge, J. B.. Harper, Sam.. . Costello, W Gibson, C Fyfe, G. D Kirkham, T. E Pictou. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year. $ cts- $ cts Salaries Contingencies. Charlottetown. Salary as Inspector for the year . Contingencies Winni]}eg. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year. Salaries Contingencies. Calgary. Salary as Inspector for the year. " Asst. Inspector for the year . Asst. Inspector, from Sept, 1, 1916 to Mar. 31, 1917. . . . Salaries Contingencies. Saskatoon. Johnston, C. W. . . Welsh, W. R Wallace, R Courtenay, W. N Fleming, T. H. . . Salary as Ipspector for the year ' ' Asst . Inspector for the year . Asst. Inspector, from Sept 1, 1916 to Mar. 31, 1917. . . . Salaries Contingencies. Edmonton. McDougall, J. C. . Salary as Inspector for the year. Contingencies 31 92 31 92 $ cts. 3 60 1 80 1 80 $ cts. 1,368 36 998 16 939 82 7 20 3,206 34 817 97 3 60 1,096 32 329 10 3 60 80 80 , 196 40 898 20 898 20 898 20 839 82 839 82 839 82 ,396 32 18 00 7,806 78 6,449 69 3 0 30 3 60 1 05 1,564 44 899 70 1,796 40 473 91 8 55 4,734 45 2,904 57 3 0 30 1 80 3 60 1 05 1,596 36 999 66 898 20 1,396 32 490 59 10 35 5,381 13 6,680 21 3 45 1,196 55 2,589 23 STATISTICS 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 6. — Details of Weights and Measures Expenditures for the Year ended Mareh 31, 1917. — Concluded. To whom paid. Service. Deductions for J 2 Amounts paid. Dutton, A. H. Harris, W. H. Shaw, J Parker, Thos Williamson, C. F. McLean, D. J. Suttie, F. C... Bowen, A. A. White, J. G. Stingle, J. W . Way, E. O. Vancouver. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year. .$ cts. $ cts Salaries Contingencies. Nelson. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst, Inspector, from Sept. 1, 1916 to Mar. 31, 1917. . . . Salaries Contingencies. , Regina. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year. Salaries Contingencies. Grain Elevator Scale Inspector. Salary as Inspector, from Sept. 19, 1916 to March 31, 1917 Contingencies Inspector of Weights and Measures for Grain Elevator. Salary as Inspector, from Oct. 5, 1916 to Mar. 31, 1917.. . Contingencies , Yukon. Salary as Inspector for the year. Contingencies Chief Inspector. Contingencies. . eta 3 60 1 80 1 $ cts 1,196 40 812 85 348 12 7 20 2,357 37 668 00 3 60 1 05 1,246 32 465 5 4 65 3 60 3 60 1,711 89 2,528 75 1,496 40 1,396 32 7 20 2,892 72 7,363 30 298 63 45 68 244 58 3 60 996 36 14 00 177, RECAPITULATION. Salaries $ 109,951 11 Contingencies 67,187 71 See Statement No. 19a. $ 177,138 82 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. 12—13^ J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 174 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — No. 6. — Details of Weights and Measures Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917. — Continued. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. McKay. R., Winnipeg. Costello J. W., C'algary McDougall, J. C, Edmonton. McLean, D. J., Regina. Johnston, C. W., Saskatoon. Parker, Thos., Nelson. Dutton, A. H., Vancouver. Weights and measures Provisional Allowance. To pay McKay, R Gilby, W. F... " Spicer, H Grant, CD... Attridge, J. B. " Field, W. J. . . . " McKay, J " Harper, S " Sparling, E. J. Kirkham, T. E. Fyfe, G. D Gibson, C. L Costello, J. W... Green, W Tozer, D. H. A. Furmston, S. C. McDougall, J. C. Farrell, W. G McLeod, J McLean, D. J Shaw, A. I. . .. Suttie, T. C Eadie, Jas Goth, J. A McDonagh, J. A. Armstrong, G Milligan, J. A Lorimer, E. B. . . Welch, W. R Wallace, R Greig, J. T Fleming, T. H Courtenay, W. N. Johnston, C. W. . . Jobb, Wm Croucher, R. A. . . Parker, Thos Williamson, C. F. Dutton, A. H. Harris, W. H. Total Provisional Allowance . I cts, 135 33 162 50 162 50 162 50 162 50 162 50 162 50 135 33 111 60 150 00 100 00 150 00 100 00 62 50 11 18 30 64 125 00 112 50 108 87 99 96 150 00 124 92 150 00 70 83 145 83 71 37 71 37 15 62 150 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 124 92 99 96 58 87 48 79 124 92 150 00 124 92 150 00 STATISTICS 175 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 6. — Details of Weights and Measures Expenditures for the year ended March 31, 1917. — Concluded. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. Hughes, P. A Dufresne, Mrs. A The Pritehard- Andrews Co. The Ottawa Electric Co Thos. Birkett & Son Co., Ltd Collector of Customs The Canadian-Fairbanks- Morse Co Bryson-Graham, Ltd The Plaunt Hardware Co. . . . Modern Machine Bank of Montreal Mortley, L. Bell Munro, H. H Baird, W. J Thurston & Co General Weights and Measures Contingencies Petty expenses ' Salary as charwomen Rubber stamps repaired Electric current Hardware supplies Duty on goods Steele portable kits Goods supplies 24 dry batteries Casters for aluminium kit box To purchase draft favor H. J. Astle Law Costs. Rex vs. Cypress Lumber " Wilson Pyper " T. W. Griffin D. McKinley $ cts. 20 04 313 00 153 86 75 00 53 43 26 28 620 00 15 00 7 20 33 20 8 15 40 00 15 00 9 10 20 00 176 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — No. 7. — -Details of Gas Inspection Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917. To whom paid . Service. Deductions for 03 C o Amounts paid. Fraser, H. Lutz, H Lovell, E Smith, W. A. . . . Powell, J. B Mutchmor, R. W Belleville. Contingencies. Hamilton. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year. $ cts. $ cts , from Nov. 1 1916 to Mar. 31 1917 Contingencies. Nash, A. F... Elliot, G. F... Willis, J Trasher, W. A Rennie, Geo. . Orr, H. N Skelton, A. R Gray, F. W. .. Chevrier, R. J. . . Roche, W. J Bond, M. B Morrison, A. C. . London. Salary as Inspector for the year Asst. Inspector for the year . " , from Nov. 1, 1916 to Mar. 31, 1917. Contingencies Ottawa. Salary as Asst. Inspector for the year. Kinsman, E. A. Stiver, J. L Pape, J Reesor, M. W . Renahan, M. J. Ogden, G. J.... Clark, H. M.... Johnstone, S. G Wilson, H. H... Hacker, A. H. . Shanacy, M Broadfoot, S. . . Graham, W. J.. Inspector, from April 1 to Dec 31, 1916 " Mar. 1 to Mar, 31, 1917 Contingencies . . Toronto. Salary as Inspector for the year Asst. Inspector for the year. 90 00 1 92 6 00 cts. 3 60 1 1 80 1 80 0 75 9 75 3 0 30 1 1 80 1 0 30 0 30 0 75 10 65 1 0 30 2 2 70 0 30 3 60 80 80 80 80 so 80 SI) 80 80 so 80 $ cts. 1,268 46 1,496 40 998 16 998 16 298 20 415 90 4,206 82 1,538 49 1,796 40 999 66 931 52 198 12 198 12 199 62 ' 170 06 415 90 4,909 40 1,278 40 998 16 1,099 62 1,097 04 1,047 24 124 70 4,366 76 2,938 83 1,706 40 1,448 16 1,298 16 998 16 948 12 998 16 998 16 998 16 798 12 96 24 292 20 198 12 Contingencies. 7 92 90 00 23 40 10,778 16 778 36 STATISTICS Ml SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B No. 7. — Details of Gas Inspection Expenditures' for the Year ended March 31, 1917. — Continued. To whom paid. Service. Deductions for k 1 Amounts paid. Total amounts paid. Aubin, A OFlaherty, M. J. Aubin, C Mann, Wm Blandford, E. B. Clayton, J. W. . . Unmet, J Montreal. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year . % cts. $ cts, , from Feb. 1 to Mar. 31, 1917... Beland, F. X. W E Cantin, J. A Contingencies. Quebec. Salary as Inspector for the year. .". , from Feb. 1, to Mar. 31 1917 Simpson, A. F. Bowen, F. C. . . Sherbrooke. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year. 3 96 Wilson, J. E. Wilson, J. E .. Ganter, E. L. Fredericton. Salary as Inspector for the year. St. John. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year. Contingencies. Halijax. Toale, J Salary as Inspector for the year. Withers, S. W. . . . " Ass. Inspector for the year. Munro, H. D. . Bell, J. H. Hamilton, R Babington, F. C. Ross, W. A Weber, L Pankhurst, G. T Hood, H Contingencies Charlottetown. Salary as Inspector for the year. Winnipeg. Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year. 1 92 1 92 $ cts 3 60 1 2 2 1 1 0 15 $ cts. 1,996 32 1,198 20 1,297 08 1.197 12 1.198 20 998 16 199 85 14 91 3 0 6C 4 20 3 60 0 30 3 90 1 80 3 60 1 80 5 40 3 60 1 80 1 80 7 20 3 60 3 60 1 80 1 80 0 30 1 80 0 30 9 60 ,084 93 772 83 496 32 266 06 762 38 192 36 299 70 492 06 98 16 1,396 32 998 16 2,394 48 322 65 1,296 36 998 16 96 24 2,390 76 544 61 496 32 1,646 40 1,198 20 898 20 1,099 62 998 16 899 70 6,740 28 178 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B.— No. 7. — Details of Gas Inspection Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917. — Continued. To whom paid. Service. Deductions for V 4) ■1 S 3 ^ O Amounts paid. Total amounts paid. H I • ,W. P. Stott, J. Dresser, T. Shaw, J. . . . Higman, O. Higman, jr., O. Calgary. Contingencies. Vancouver. Contingencies. Victoria. Salary as Inspector for the year Salary as Asst. Inspector for the year. Contingencies. Chief Inspector. Contingencies Inspector of Western Dominion. Contingencies { cts. $ cts, $ cts, 3 60 1 80 5 40 $ cts. 656 16 4 10 1,396 32 98 16 1,494 48 38 31 17 37 337 56 $ cts. 656 16 4 10 1,532 79 17 37 337 56 57,711 12 RECAPITULATION. Salaries $ 47,426 58 Contingencies 10,284 54 $ 67,711 12 See Statement No. 21. STATISTICS 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 7. — Details of Gas Inspection Expenditures for the year ended March 31, 1917. — Concluded. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid The Pritchard-Andrews Co Collector of Customs Pringle, R. H. Co Canadian Consolidated Rub- ber Co Bank of Montreal Clements, E. N Sawers,- C. W Clements, E. U General Gas Contingencies. Stamps repaired Duty paid on goods Express charges Rubber supplies To purchase draft Law costs Rex vs. Yarmouth Fuel Gas Co " " Vancouver Gas Co " Violation Printing Stationery t cts. 39 18 11 25 1 20 140 39 30 10 10 00 66 50 17 50 1,725 18 1,772 11 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 180 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Appendix B. — No. 8. — Details of Gas and Electric Light Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. Total amount.-; paid. Hamilton, R., Winnipeg. Kyle, W. P., Calgary. Cantin, A. J., Edmonton. Hunter, W. M., Regina... Stott, Jas., Vancouver. Dresser, F., Victoria. Gas and Electric Light Provisional Allowance. To pay Hamilton, R Babington, F. C Pankhurst, G. T Ross, W. A Hood, H Weber, L Kyle, W. P.... Jackson, R. C. Cantin, A. J. . . Hunter, W. M. Hart, S. N Stott, J Templeton, W. A. Power, O. S Scouler, G. T McNiven, J. J de la Mare, E Costello, E. R.... Dresser, F. Total Provisional Allowance. $ cts. 99 96 124 92 124 92 150 00 150 00 124 92 100 00 150 00 125 00 62 40 124 80 99 96 124 92 124 92 124 92 124 92 124 92 99 96 125 00 $ cts. 774 72 250 00 .. 125 00 187 20 824 52 125 00 2,286 44 STATISTICS 181 SESSION/ L PAPER No. 12 Appendix B. — No. 8. — Details of General Electric Light Expenditures for the year ended March 31, 1917. — Continued. To whom paid. Service. Amounts paid. Total amounts paid. The Ottawa Electric Co Smith, Miss Irene Rankin, W Pringle, R. H Standard Underground Cable Co Thornton & Truman Canadian Westinghouse Co. . . Collector of Customs Bank of Montreal General Electric Light Contingencies. Electric current Salary as charwoman Supplies for Ottawa Laboratory Electrical apparatus Testing meters for Laboratory Supplies for boxes Testing meters for Laboratory Duty on goods To purchase draft Pripting Stationery S cts. 187 50 313 00 17 50 13 05 33 86 6 00 722 92 464 13 1,899 76 236 56 45 80 $ cts. 3,657 72 282 36 3,940 08 182 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX B. — No. 8. — Details of Electric Light Inspection Expenditures for the Year ended March 31, 1917. — Continued. To whom paid. Fraser, H Diamond, F. D. Bickle, J. W Little, E. Lutz, H. Nash, A. F. Kinsman, E. A. Code, A. G. Stiver, J. L Aubin, A Cantin, J. A Simpson, A. F. Oliver, A. Wilson, J. E. Toale, J Bell, J. H... Salary as Inspector for the year " Asst. Inspector for the year Salaries Contingencies. Fort William. Salary as Inspector for the year. Contingencies Service. Deductions for Belleville. $ cts Hamilton. Contingencies. London. Contingencies. Ottawa. Contingencies. . . Sudbury. Salary as Inspector from April 1 to May 13, 1916 Contingencies Toronto. Contingencies. Montreal. Contingencies. Quebec. Contingencies. Sherbrooke. Contingencies. Three Rivers. Salary as Inspector for the year. Contingencies ear. Full year. Number of Officers employed . 1 1 4 7 3 12 6 1 2 1 2 3 .1 6 2 5 8 5 12 7 2 2 1 2 3 1 6 2 1 1 Grand total for Gas. 6 50 56 ELECTRIC LIGHT (Outside Service). Divisions. Belleville Fort William Sudbury , Three Rivers Calgary Edmonton 1 Regina Vancouver Yukon .Inspector of Western Dominion. Provinces. Ontario. Quebec Alberta Saskatchewan. British Columbia. Yukon Territory.. Grand total for Electricity. Part of year. Full year. 18 Number of Officers employed. 19 RECAPITULATION. Departmental Staff, Ottawa 84 Excise otifz Weights and Measures H4 Preventive, Excise 78 Preventive, Weights and Measures 24 Gas 44 Electric Light 14 Excise and Gas 9 Excise and Electric Light 2 Excise and Food t. Excise, Weights and Measures, Electric Light Weights and Measures and Electric Light 1 Weights and Measures and Food 2 Weights and Measures and Gas Food and Preventive Excise 2 Gas and Electric Light 1 Gas and Food J Excise and Preventive Excise 1 Grand total of employees 753 Inland Revenue Department, J. U. VINCENT, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. Deputy Minister. 12-14J 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 A. 1918 INDEX Page. Abbott, A Law costs 159 H. F Salary and duty-pay 123, 139 Acetic Acid Duty accrued 26, 27 License fees 26, 27 " Returns of Manufactures for the year 1916-1917 114, 115 Returns of Manufactures. Comparative Statement for 1916-1917 114, 115 Revenue 6 to 9 Revenue. Comparative Statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1915— 16 and 1916-17 '. 40,41 " Quantity taken for consumption 26, 27 Adam, A. R >S'alary and duty-pay 125, 139 Adulteration of Food Expenditures Details of 21, 22 Fees and penalties 24 " " Vote for 65 " Fees and Penalties Monthly deposits 28 to 39 " Officer Number in service 188 Aikman, J. A Law costs 135, 159 Alberta Excise District Contingencies and salaries 133 Allen, A. T Salary 162 Allen B. K " 118 Allen, G. A " ;v 131 Duty-pay and provisional allowance 139,137 Alteman, P. J Salary 119 American Bank Note Coy Contingencies 135, 141 Amor-William Salary and duty-pay 119, 139 Amount voted and Expenditures authorized for each Service 65 Anderson, J. H Salary and provisional allowance 130, 136 Andrews, A. A Salary ! 126 Andrews, Andrews, Coale & Co Law costs 159 Appendix "A" Statistics 70 to 1 16 " "B" Details of expenditure, etc 118 to 189 Arcand, D Distribution of seizures 144, 147, 149 Salary and contingencies 127 Archambault, F. X Salary and contingencies 128 Archambault, J. E Salary 170 Armstrong, A. H Law costs 134, 142, 160 Armstrong, G Provisional allowance 174 Armstrong, T. E Salary 121 Armstrong, W Salary 164 Armytage, G. G Travelling expenses 158 Arsenault, J. F Salary 152, 156 Ashton Henry Provisional allowance and salary 136, 152 Atkins B. R Provisional allowance 137 Atridge, J. B Salary and provisional allowance 172, 174 Aubin, A Salary and contingencies 177, 182 Aubin, C Salary 1 77 Aucoin, A. L Salary 127 Audet, J. E Contingencies 158 Babington, F. C Provisional allowance 180 Salary 177 Baby, W. A. D Salary 119 Baikie, D Duty-pay 121 Baird and Tallock, Ltd Iron locks and brass labels 134 Baird, W. J Law costs 135, 141, 159, 175 Ball, J. A Commission 138 Ballantine, A Salary 119 Bamford, V. C. F Salary 123 Bank of Montreal Contingencies 134, 158, 175, 179, 181 Barbeau, C Salary 154 Barbeau, L Salary , 164 Barber, J. S Salary 123 Barnard, A. H Salary and provisional allowance 130, 136 Barnes, F. Salary 151 Barnes, G Salary 122 Baron, J. H Salary 150 Barrett, J. K Contingencies and salaries 133 Barrett, J. P Salary and provisional allowance 129, 136 Barrette, J. E Salary, duty-pay and distribution of seizures 125, 139, 144 192 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Page. Barry, J Salary and contingencies 171 Baudet, P. A Salary 165 Baulne, L " 165 Bayard , G . A Duty-pay 1 39 Salary 124 Beaudet, E Salary 154 Beament & Armstrong , Law costs 143 Beard, M. H Salary 163 Beasley, M.C Salary 119 Beaubien, A. J. C Law costs 135 Beauchamp, L. E Salary 170 Beaulieu, J. B " 127 Beaulieu R " 126 Belair, A. P " 126 Beland, F. X. W. E " , 156, 177 Belanger, A Provisional allowance and salary 136, 152 Belanger, S. F Salary 170 Belisle, J. C Distribution of seizures 149 Beliveau L. C Salary 126 Bell, J. H " 130,177,182 Bell, W. H Salary and provisional allowance 130, 136 Bell Telephone Co., The 1 Contingencies 165 Belleau, St. F Salary 151 Belleperche, A. J. E " 124 Belleville Electric Light District Contingencies and salaries 182 " Excise Division 118 Gas District " " 176 " Weights and Measures Division " " 169 Belved, T. H Contingencies and salaries 128 Distribution of seizures 144 Beneteaj, S Salary 124 Benneth, A. W , Law costs 142 Bennett, Jas v. . Salary 121 Benoit, L. V Contingencies and salary 126 Bergeron, E. L Salary 127 Bergeron, R. J. Salary and duty-pay 125, 139 Bernard, A. A Salary 170 Bernatchez,* A " 170 Bernier, H Law costs 141 Bernier, J. A Contingencies and salary 132 " Excise Examinations 134 Bernier, J. A Salary 171 Bernier, Blackwood & Bernier Law costs 161 Berry, H. L Salary and duty-pay 124, 139 Berube, L Law costs 135, 161 Besette, H Salary 151 BezaireT. M " 125 Bickle.J.W " 122,182 Bill Stamps Distributors Accounts Billings, W Salary 123 Birkett & Son Hardware 166, 175 Blackader, Dr. A. D Contingencies 155 Blackman.C Salary 119 Blair, O. T Salary 170 Blandford, E. B Salary 177 Blaylock, E. G " «» Blethen, C. W " J 29 " Distribution of seizures 149 Blewett, F. R Law costs 142, 155, 159 Blond in, E Contingencies 158 Blyth, A Salary and duty-pay 119, 139 Bolduc, E Salary 171 Bolduc, L. P " 151 Bond, M.B " 176 Bonded Factories Inspector of \ . 133 Bonded Manufactures License fees 26, 27 " : Revenue 6 to 9 Boomer, J. B Salary 123 Bouchard, J. M. A Salary 151 Boucher, A " 126 Boudet, E " 170 Boudreault, J. H. L " | 150 Bourgeois, E " J?3 Bourget, J. L " 170 Bousquet, A " 127 INDEX 193 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. Bousquet, J. O Salary and duty-pay 125, 129 Bouteiller, G. A Duty-pay 139 " Salary ' 124 Bowbley, D. F Law costs 159 Bowelby, D. S " 142 Bowen, A. A Salary 173 Bowen, F. C " 127, 177 Bowles, H. W " 154 Bowman, A. W Salary 119 Boyd, J. F. S Salary and duty-pay 119, 139 Boyd, W. R Salary 170 Brabant, J. B. G. N Salary 126, 151 Distribution of seizures 144,145 146, 148 Braden, J. E. A Law costs 143 Brain, A. F . Contingencies and salary 132 Preparing examination papers. 134 Brantford Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 118 " Excise Preventive .. . 150 Bray, G Law costs 143 Breen, J Salary 169 Brennan, J Duty pay 139 " Salary 124 Breweries and Malt Houses ! Inspector of 133 Brick, J. H Salary 169 Bridgman, M. W Contingencies and salary 122 Brissette, O. E Salary 127 British American Bank Note Co Contingencies ■ 134 B. C. Assays Supply Co., Ltd Goods 158 British Columbia Excise District Contingencies and salaries 133 Broadfoot, S Salary 1 19, 176 Brochu, O Contingencies 158 Brodeur, P. E. S Salary 162 Brot, Dr. M " 163, 165 Brossard, W „ " 151 Brother, G. F " 165 Brown, Miss J " 141 Brown, R. H Provisional allowance and salary 136 153 Brown, W.J Salary 118 Brunet, J " 177 Brunet, R " 165 Bryson-Graham, Limited Contingencies 165, 175 Buller, W. H Salary 122 Burgess, T. H " 164 Burnett, A Law costs 143 Burns, R. J Salary 123 Burroughs Adding Machine Co One adding machine 134 Byrnes W. P Salary and duty-pay 122 and 139 Cada, T. A Salary .169 Cadieux, N Contingencies 158 Cadotte, J. A Distribution of seizures and salary. . 146, 148, 149, 152 Cahill, J. W Duty-pay 139 Salary ". . 125 Calgary District Inspector Contingencies and salary 133 " Electrical Light District " " 182, 183 " Excise Division " salaries 130 " Food Food salary 156 Gas District I Contingencies 176, 177, 178 " Weights and Measures Division Contingencies and salaries 169, 170, 171, 172, 173 " Excise Preventive Salaries 152 " W. & M. Preventive " 154 Campbell, A. E Salary 131 Campbell, A. F .N. . .Law costs ' 142 Campbell, D. A Salary 130, 172 Campbell , T . N Salary 1 30 Provisional allowance '. 136 Commission 138 Canadian Consolidated Rubber Contingencies 179 Canadian Express Freight 165 Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co Steel portable kits 175 Canadian P. Ry. Telegraph Co Messages 165, 166 Canada Twist Tobacco Quantity taken for consumption 26, 27 Canadian Westinghouse Co'y Contingencies 181 Cantin, A. J Salary and contingencies 177, 183 Provisional allowance 180 194 IX LAX D REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Page. Cantin, J. A Salary 182 Cantin, J. W. Z " 163 Cape Breton Island Food salary 156 Carette, C Salary 171 Carmichael, D Provisional allowance 136 Carnew, W Law costs 159 Carroll, F. P Salary 127 Carrothers & Williams Law costs 143 Carson, Lt'd., Hugh Contingencies 166 Carson, J. F Salary 150 Carson, K. C " 131 Cartier, A. P " 127 " Distribution of seizures 144,146 Casey , F . J Salary 127 Casual Revenue Monthly deposits 28 to 39 Catellier, C. L Salary 162 Travelling expenses 165 Caven, W Contingencies and salary 132 " Attending Board of examiners 134 Caven, J. E Law costs i 135 Chagnon, C. P Salary 126 Champagne, J. A Duty-pay 139 Salary 171 Champagne, N Law costs 135,143 Champagne, J. O Duty-pay 139 Salary 150 Chapleau, J. R Salary 170 Chaput, N. J Duty-pay and salary 139, 152 Charbonneau, J. A Salary 154 Charlottetown, Electric Light District 182 Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 129 Gas District Contingencies 177 Weights and Measures Division. . . .Contingencies and salaries 172 Food Food salary 15 Excise Prevention Salaries 152 W. & M. Prevention " -. 154 Chartier , E Salary 127 Chasse, N 1 Salary 162 Chenier, E " 164 Chenier, T " 169 Cheseldine, J. H Salary 119 " Duty-pay 139 Chevrier, R. J Salary 176 Chief Analyst Travelling and other expenses 158 Chief Electrical Engineer Contingencies : 158 Chief Inspector of Weights and Measures Contingencies 173 Chilver, F. W Duty-pay 139 Provisional allowance 137 " Salary .../v. 131 Chisholm, J. A " 121 Chisholm, J. J " 172 Chisholm, W. N " 121 Choquette, Rev. Father Contingencies 158 Choquette, R Salary 165 Church, G. C Salary 169 Cigarettes-Number Taken for consumption 26, 27 Cigars — Comparative Statement of Manufactures for 1915-16 and 1916-17 9S, 99 License fees 26,27 Returns of Manufactures for 1916-17 98, 99 Revenue 6 to 9 From Foreign leaf 26, 27 Revenue-Comparative Statement showing increase or decrease for 1915-16 and 1916-17 100, 101 Refunds 47 Warehouse returns. 102, 103 " Comparative Statement for 1915-16 and 1916-17 104 Taken for consumption 26, 27 Clairoux, O Contingencies 165 Clark, H. M Salary 176 Clarke, T " 121 Commission 138 Clayton, J. W Salary 177 Clegg, J " „ 169 Clements, R. S Provisional allowance 137 Salary 131 Clements, E. N Law costs 179 1 IXDEX 195 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. Cloutier, R Law costs 1 60 Cloutier, E Salary 164 Code, A Provisional allowance 136 " Salary 132 Code, A. G Salary and contingencies 182 Cole N. R Salary ,.. 164 Cole W.J Duty-pay 139 Cole, W.I ♦ Salary 118 Coleman, J. J Duty-pay 139 " Salary 127 Collections-Divisions in account with expenditures 12, 13, 14, 1.5 " " revenue 6 to 9 Collector of Inland Revenue Contingencies 165 Collector of Customs Entries and contingencies 159, 175, 179, 181 Collier, F. C Salary 163 Commercial Feeding Stuffs Monthly deposits 28 to 39 Commission on Tobacco stamps Vote for 65 " to Customs officers Details of expenditures 138 " " Vote for 65 Comparative Statement of receipts for 1915-16 and 1916-17 40, 41 Comte, L. A. A. J Salary 126 Conklin, W. M Contingencies and salary 130 Provisional allowance 136 Contingencies Adulteration of food 156-7 " Departmental 165, 166, 167, 168 Electric Light General 182-183 Excise General 134 Gas General 179 Minor Expenditures 155 Weights and Measures General 175 Controller of Stationery Stationery, etc 165 Cook, S.J Salary 163 Cook, W.J " 118 Corbeil, A " • 150 Corriveau, O Duty-pay 139 Corsan, K. L Provisional allowance 137 Cosgrove, J. B Provisional allowance and salary 136, 152, 156 Costello, E. R Provisional allowance 180 Costello, J. W Contingencies and salary 172 Provisional allowance 174 Costigan, J. J Distribution of seizures 146, 148 " Salary 126,156 Cote, F. X " . . . . 151 Cote, R Distribution of seizures 146, 148 Cote, B Salary 151 Couillard, J. E " 170 Coulter, A Salary 123 Courtney, W. N Provisional allowance 172, 174 Cousineau & Dauphinais Law costs 135 Cousineau, L " 135 Cousineau', H Salary 151 Cousins, T " 120 Couture, C. H " 170 Coutts, J. J " 119 Coutu, E. C " 150 Cowan, J. E Law costs 135 Crepeau & Cote .' Law costs 161 Crevier, J. H Salary 126 Croucher, R. A Provisional allowance 174 Cruichshanks, J. L Salary 170 Cryderman, C. W " 121 Cryne, J " 150 Cummiford, F. D Duty-pay 139 " Salary 125 Currie, W. W Provisional allowance 136 " Salary 127 Cyr, H " 165 Dager, H. J " 124, 156 " Travelling expenses, etc 158 Dagneau, J. T Salary 171 Dalgetty, J Duty-pay 139 Provisional allowance 136 Dalton, M. J Salary 123 Danis, J. M Salary 152, 157, 162 196 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Page Dansereau, G. A Contingencies 165 Salary 151 Daoust, J. A " 170 Davey, E " 172 David, T " 126 Davis, J. M " 169 Davis, T. G Contingencies and salary 120 Davis, T. J Provisional allowance, duty-pay and salary 136, 139, 152 Davis, W. E Provisional allowance 136 Dawson, J. A. M Contingencies 158 " Salary.... 163 Dayton, G. F Commission 138 Dean, J. C Salary 120 DeBilley, F. X " 128 Deeley, F Provisional allowance 137 Salary 130 De Grosbois, C. B Contingencies 127 Deguire, A. L Salary 165 Delahay, W Provisional allowance 137 De la Mare, E " 180, 183 Delorme, O. C Salary 171 Denis, J. L Duty-pay 139 Dennison, F Salary 150 Departmental Contingencies Vote for 65 " Salaries Expenditure " 65 " " Details of 52 Desaulniers, J. E. A .Salary 125 Deschambault, E " 151 Deschenes, E Contingencies 158 Desilets, F Law costs 135, 143 Desilets, A " 135,143 Desrivieres, J. A Contingencies 135, 141, 154 Desroches, L Salary 163 Desroches, F Law costs 142 Dessaint, Mrs Contingencies 158 Diamond, F. D Contingencies and salary 169, 182 Distilleries Inspector of 1 32 Distribution of Seizures -• 144 to 149 " " Recapitulation of 149 District Inspectors Salaries and contingencies 132, 133 " , In service 186 Dominion Canada Guar. Accident Co Commission 138, 184 Dominion Express Co Express charges 166 " Warehousing Co Contingencies 134 " Western Inspector Contingencies and salary 178 Donald, Dr. J. T Food Analyst 158 Dostaler, J. A Salary 1 70 Doull, J Law costs 160 Doyle, B.J Duty-pay 139 Salary ! 123 Doyle, E. F Salary...^ 163 Doyle, S. F " 129 Doyon, J. A " 162 Dresser, F Contingencies and salary 178, 183 " Provisional allowance. 180 Dubord, E Salary 171 Duchemin, P Law costs 135, 161 Duchesne, N Salary - 170 Duffy, W Salary 154 Dufresne, J. A Contingencies 175 Dugal, G. A Salary 154 Duggan, E " 151 Dumbrille, R. W " 119 Dumontier, J. A Contingencies and salary '. 132 Dumouchel, L Salary 126 Dunbar, G. E " '123 Dunkin, W. H Salary 122 Dunlop, C, " 125 Dunn, J. F " 164 Duplessis, C. Z " 128 " Distribution of seizures 147 Dupre, H. A Salary 164 Dustan, W. M. . . .■ Contingencies and salary 172 INDEX 197 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. Dutton, A. H Provisional allowance 174 Salary 173 Dutv-pay to officers Vote for '. 65 IT " " " 65 " other than special surveys " 65 Dwyer, D. T Salary 128 Eadie, Jas Salary 154 Provisional allowance 174 Eakins, G. G Duty-pay 139 " • Salary 124 Earl, R. W Provisional allowance 136 " Salary 129 Edmonton Electric Light District Contingencies and salary 183 Edmonton W. & M. Preventive " ' 154 Egener, A Duty-pay 139 | " Salary 119 Electric Light Expenditures Details of 63, 64 " Export and Power licenses Monthly deposits 28 to 39 " Inspection Contingencies Vote for 65 " " District in account with Revenue 63 " " Revenue Stamps revenue 53 " ". " Monthly deposits 28 to 39 I " " Salaries Vote for 65 I " Officers.... " . 65 " Provisional allowance " 65 Electric Standards of Laboratory Monthly deposits 28 to 39 Elliot G. H Salary 176 Elliott, H. B Law costs 160 Elliot, T. H Salary 124 Elliot, W. J Duty-pay 139 " Salary 119 Ellis, Dr. W. H Contingencies 158 Emard, C Law costs 135, 143 Employers Liability Ass. Corp'n L'td Commission 138, 184 Ethier, J. P Salary 165, 170 Evans, C. J " 163 Evans, T. W. W Law costs 160 Exchequer Court, Registrar Writ of Assistance 134 Excise Contingencies ! Vote for 65 on account of Stamps " 65 " Expenditures Details of 12 to 15 " General Expenditures 118 to 153 " Provisional Allowance 136, 137 " Revenue. 6, 7, 8, 9 " Comparative Statement showing increase or decrease for 1915-16 and 1916-17. 40, 41 " .' Monthly deposits 28 to 39 " Refunds 42 to 51 " Salaries Vote for 65 " Seizures Monthly deposits 28 to 39 " Statistics ' "Appendix A" 70 to 116 " Weights and Measures Preventive 154 " Preventive Service. . In account with Expenditures 18,19 Expenditures Adulteration of Food Details of 156 to 161 Departmental.....' " 165 to 168 " Details of "Appendix B" 118 to 189 Electric Light Inspection Details of 181, 182, 183 Excise " • 118 to 153 " Gas Inspection " 176 177, 178 General Statement 4, 5 Sundry minor Details 155 Weights and Measures " 169 to 175 Export of Electric Power Vote for 65 Extra Clerks Details see 1 65 Fahey, E Salary 120 Fairly W " 118 Duty-pay 139 Falconer J. E Duty-pay 139 " Salary 125 Falconer R. H " 123 Fallowdown, W. A " 170 Farmer, C Contingencies 1 58 Farmer, R. C " 128 Farnworth, F. H " 120 Farrell, W.J Provisional allowance and salary 136, 154, 174 Fauteux & Fauteux Law costs. 134, 142, 160 198 IX LAX D EEYEXI ES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Page. Fegan, P. J Provisional allowance 136 ," Salary 129, Distribution of Seizures 146 Feik, L Duty-pay 139 Salary 119 Ferguson, J. C Salaries 128, 156 Ferries Monthly deposits 28 to 39 Ferry — Licenses — Revenue Monthly deposits 25 Fertilizers — Fees and Licenses Monthly deposits 28 to 39 Fiddes, J Salary 120 Fidler, E Provisional allowance 136 Fidler, H Provisional allowance 136 Salary 130 Fielding, L. G Salary 124 Field, W. J Provisional allowance 174 Salary 172 Filteau, W. R " 127 Fiset, A " 151 Fisher, E. B Law costs 160 Fissiault, J. A Special translation 158 Fitzgerald , E . W Salary 1 69 Fitzpatrick, W. J " 128 Fleming, T. H Provisional allowance and salary 172, 174 Fletcher, R. W Contingencies and salary 130 " .. Provisional allowance 136 Floody, E Salary 150 Food Adulteration Expenditures '. Details of 21, 22 " " Vote for 65 Forde, F. W Salary 121, 156 Distribution of Seizures 144, 147 Forest, E. R Salary 125 Forster, E. L. C " 163 " Contingencies 158 Forsyth, D Provisional allowance 136 Salary 129 Fortier, G v Law costs 160 Fortin, J Salary • 151 Fort William Electric District Contingencies 182 Forward, C. C Contingencies 158 Salary 163 Foster, H " 120 Fowler, G " 162 Fox, J. D Salary 125 " Distribution of seizures 144, 146, 147, 148 Foxwall, W. E , . .Refunds 155 Francoeur, A Salary 128 Frankland, H. R Contingencies and salary 123 Distribution of seizures 144 Fraser, H Contingencies and salary 176, 182 Fraser, P " " 129 Fredericton Gas District Salary 177 Frenette, J. B. E " 127 Frizell, W. J " 120 Fry, J " I 125 Furlong, C. J " 163 Furmston, S. C Provisional allowance 174 Fyfe, G. D Provisional allowance 174 " .* Salary 172 Gagnon, J. D " 151 Gagnon, O Law costs 134, 141, 155, 159 Gallagher, M. F Salary 169 Gallagher, T Salary 162 Contingencies 165 Galipeau, J. B. N Salary 170 " Distribution of seizures 146 Gamache, J. N Salary Y-2. Ganter, E. L " I'7 Gariepy, L. N Duty-pay 139 Salary 125 Gas Inspection — Contingencies Vote for 65 " Expenditures Details of 80, 61 " Inspection District In account with Revenue 59 " Provisional allowance Vote for 65 " Revenue Monthly deposits 28 to 39 " Salaries Vote for 65 INDEX 199 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Pa os. jas Inspection Stamps Distributor's Account 53 " " Revenue 53 3as Officers (Outside service) Number of 189 jrauthier, W Duty-pay and salary 139, 151 3auvin, E A Duty-pay 139 " Salary 127 jauvin, L. E Duty-pay 139 aeldart, 0. A .".Salary 128 3elly, A " 127 3eneral Electric Light Contingencies 181 " Excise " " Expenditure Account 4, 5 " Food Contingencies 159 " Gas Contingencies 179 " Revenue Account _ 3 " Weights and Measures Contingencies 175 " Supply of Canada Ltd Goods 159 3end reau , T Contingencies 1 58 George , J Salary 121 Gerald, C has Duty-pay 139 Salary 123 Gerald, W. H Duty-pay 139 " Salary 119 jGervais, J. A " 126 Gervais, J. H " 162 Gibault, A « 170 Gibson, C Provisional allowance • 174 K " ........Salary , 172 Gibson, J. V Provisional allowance 136 Gilby, VV. F Provisional allowance 174 " Salary 172 Gillies, A. L " 123 Gilpin, R. R ' " 131 Girdwood, Dr. G.P Contingencies 158 Glenday, D Provisional allowance 136 Gooderham & Worts Ltd Contingencies 159 Goodhue, M. L. E. B... Salary 163 Gordon, M. V " 165 Gorman, A. M " 129 Gosnell, T. S Contingencies and salary 129 Goudie, D. A Salary 130 Provisional allowance 136 Goulet, A Salary 150 Goth, J. A Provisional allowance 174 Distribution of seizures 144, 147 Gow, J. E Contingencies and salary 132 Attending Board of Examiners 134 Graham, A. L Salary 123 Graham, J. W Law costs 143, 159 Graham, W. J Salary 121, 176 War tax Stamps 166 Graham, W. T Salary 123 Granger, F. V " 120 Grandy, R - " 122 Grant, C. D Provisional allowance 174 " Salary 172 Grant, T. H Law costs 134 Grantham, J. A Provisional allowance and salary 136, 153 Granton, C Salary 122 " Duty-pay 139 Gratton, G. E Salary 165 Graveline, D. P " 126 Gray, R. S Duty-pay 139 Provisional allowance 136 .....Salary ..." 131 Gray, W. B Provisional allowance 136 Salary 176 Graydon & Graydon Law costs. 135, 143, 159 Great North Western Telegraph Co. of Canada Contingencies 165, 166 Green, W Provisional allowance and salary 136, 154, 174 Greig, J. T " " 154,174 Greig, W. G Salary 129 200 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Page. Greig, W. G Provisional allowance 163 Griffiin, P. F Salary 119 Griffith, M.L " 164 Grignon, E " 170 Grigor, R. W Provisional allowance 137 Salary 131 Grimason, T Contingencies and salary 119 Grubb, W. B Commission 138 Guarantee prerrium paid to different Companies " Co of North American Commission 184 Guelph Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 119 Guilbault, S Salary 151 Guimond, Mrs. U ' Contingencies 158 Gurd & Spuril Law costs 135 Gunton, J. A Salary 165 Hacker, A.N " 176 Hagerty, B " 163 Halifax Laboratory Contingencies 158 Halifax Electric District " 182 " Excise Division " and salaries 129 " Food Food salary 156 " Gas District Contingencies 179 " Weights and Measures Division " and salaries 171 " " " Preventive.... " " 154 " Excise Preventive " " 152 Hall, L. H Provisional allowance x 136 " Salary 130 Contingencies 158 Hall, W. H Salary 124 Halley, W. J Duty-pay 139 " Distribution of seizures 144 Halliday, W. A Salary 162 Hambley, S. E " 131 " Provisional allowance 137 Hamilton, R Contingencies and salaries 177, 183 " Provisional allowance 180 Hamilton, Electric Light District Contingencies 182 " Excise Division and salaries 119 Gas District " " 179 " Weights and Measures Division " " 169 " Excise Preventive 150 Hammond, F. W Provisional allowance 136 Salary 129 Hanham.J. H " 150 Hanley.A " 119 Hanlon, J. R " 119 Hanson, E. B Law costs 135 Hanna, Lesueur & McKinley " 161 Hardy, W. A. G Salary. .'. 118 " Duty-pay 139 Hardy, L Salary 127 " Distribution of seizures l 146, 148 Harper, S Provisional allowance 174 Salary 172 Harris, W. H Provisional allowance. . . : 174 Salary 173 Hart, S. N Salary 183 Provisional allowance 180 Harty, M.J Salary 150 Harwood, J. O. A " 125 " Duty-pay 139 Hastie, J. H Commission 138 Hayhurst, T. H Salary 119 Healey, T.J " 152 Hebert, J. A " 170 Helliwell, H.N Duty-pay 139 Salary 123 Henderson, H. G. D " 119 Hesson, C. A Contingencies and salary 123 Hicks, W. H Salary 120 Higman, O., Sr Contingencies 165, 178, 183 Salary 164 Higman, O., Jr Contingencies and salary. . . .' 178, 183 Hill, W. H Salary 165 INDEX 201 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Paoe. Hinchey, E. H *. ■ ■ Contingencies and salary 169 Hiscott,J. O Salary 119 Hodgins, J. C. G " 169 Hogan.Jas " 120,156 Hood, H Provisional allowance and salary 180, 177 Houde, J. A. D Salary 151 Howell, T Provisional allowance 137 " Salary .'. ; 131 Howe, T. E " . 170 iHowie, A '. " 119 Howson, G. H " 169 Hubbley, H. H " 129 " Distribution of seizures 149 Hudon, M. L. E Salary 125 Hudon, P. E " 171 Huggett, A. P Provisional allowance 137 Salary 131 Hughes, M Duty-pay and salary 139-151 Hughes, P. A Contingencies 134, 175 Salary 162 Hughes, R. A Contingencies and salary 169 'Hunter, W. M " " 183 " Provisional allowance 180 Hurst, L. B V... Salary 123 Duty- pay 139 Her, B Contingencies and salary 119 Imperial Guar, and Acct. Co'y Comimssion 138, 184 Inland Revenue Dept. Expenditures Details of 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167-168 " " " Number of persons employed in 186 Inside Service Officers Number Employed 186 Inspector of Bonded Factories Salaries and contingencies 132 " Brewers and Malt Houses " " 133 " Distilleries " " 132 " Tobacco Factories " " 133 Inspector of Excise Districts Salaries and Contingencies 132, 133 International Bureau of Weights and Measures Vote for 65 " Electro Technical Commission. " 65 Ivey, W.J Provisional allowance 136 Salary 129 Jackson, H. B Commission 138 Jackson, J. A Law costs 135 Jackson, R. C Provisional allowance 180 James, T. C Salary 129 — Distribution of seizures 147 Jamieson, R. C Duty-pay 139 Salary 123 Jeffrey, A. J " 123 Jermyne, J. W Law costs 159 Jermyne & Sibbald " 161 Jobb, W. M Provisional allowance 174 Johnson, G. " " 137 Johnson, J. D " " 136 Johnson, J. J Salary 121 Contingencies 134 Johnston, E. J. A Salary 123 Distribution of seizures 144 Johnston, C. W Salary 172 Provisional allowance 174 Johnston, H.J Salary .' 123 Johnston, R " 176 Joliette Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 125 " " Preventive Salaries 150 Jones, A Duty-pay 139 Salary 124 Jones, R Contingencies and salary 131 " Provisional allowance 137 Joubert, P. E. C Salary 126 Joughin W. J. . C Provisional allowance and salary 136, 152 Kavanagh , A . J Commission 138 Kearney, D.J Salary 125, 156 Distribution of seizures 144, 145, 148 Kelly, J. T Distribution of seizures and salary 146, 149, 152 Keogh, P. M Duty-pay 139 ..Salary 125 202 INLAXD REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Page. Kidd, W.J Law costs 160 King, R. M Salary 129 Kings Printer Printing, etc 165 Kingston Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 119 " Weights and Measures " " 169 " Preventive -. 154 Kinnear, W. J Salary 124 Kinsman, E. A Salary and contingencies 164, 176, 182, 183 Kirkham, T. E Salary and provisional allowance 172,174 Kirkpatrick, H. J Salary .' 119 Kirwan, P. T " 163 Kitto, W. J " ■ 163 Knowles, Chas, " 170 Kyle, W. P. Provisional allowance 180 Contingencies and salary 178,183 Kylie, R Salary 169 Labelle, J. D Salary 151 Labelle, V " 150 Ladouceur, F " 121 Ladouceur, J " 163 Labonte, F. X " 152 Lafleur, Mrs. E Contingencies 158 Lafleur, G. B Salary 151 Laidman, R. H " ." 169 Laliberte, W Law costs 135 Lallier, L Salary 163 Lally, J. E Duty-pay : 139 " Salary 118 Lamarsh, R. H " 125 Lamarre, J. S Law costs 143 Lambe, A. B Contingencies 165 Contingencies and salary 164 Lambert, J. A Salary 126 Distribution of seizures 148 Lamont , S Salary 1 50 Lamoureux, J. A " 126 " Duty-pay 139 Lamoureux, H Salary 152 Lamy, C " 171 Landreville, M Cab Hire 166 Landry, W Salary 154 Landry & Landry Professional services 134, 141 Landry, A. J Salary 163 Lane, T. M Duty-pay 139 Salary 121,124 Langelier, F " 127 Langevin, J. H. H Duty-pay 139 Salary , 125 Langlois, J. C Law costs 160 Lanthier, E Salary 154 Lapointe, J Duty-pay 139 Laporte, G Salary 121 Lariviere, A. C Provisional allowance 136 Salary 129 Larue, A " 127 Larue, J. B Contingencies 158 Laurier, J. L " 126 Laughtin, J. B Law costs 160 Lavallee, Dr. V. P Contingencies 158 Laverdure, E Distribution of seizures and salary 147, 148, 150 Law, A. L Salary '. 128 Law, W. R Sundries 166 Lawless, E. M Salary 163 Lawlor, J. J " 119 Lawlor, W. R Law costs 161 Lawrence, E Salary 151 Lawson, W , Law costs 135 Law Stamps Distributor's account 23 " Monthly deposits 28 to 39 " Revenue 53 Lebel. J. A.W Salary 170 Leblanc, A Law costs 135, 143, 159 Leblanc, J. D Salary ' 171 Leckie, T. L " 163 Leclerc, E Salary 141 TNDB1 203 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Vac.f.. Ledoux, H Salary 151 Lefebvre, L. J Law costs 14.'} Lefebvre, A Salary and distribution of seizures 120, 14(j Lefebvre, F Law costs 135, 142 Lefebvre, S Duty-pay 139 Leggatt, A . E Salary 1 25 Leishman, A Provisional allowance 137 Lemay, A Salary ] 02 Leraire, J. N " -. 171 Lemoine, A " 163 Lemoine.J " 127 Lesperance, J. A Salary 126 Lessard, A Contingencies and salary 171 Levinson, E. R Law costs 143, 161 Lewis, H. B Salary 163 Licenses — Excise Parties under licenses 185 Liddle, D Salary 169 Limerick, A. K " 171 Lindsay, W. A. C " 120 Little, E .' . . . Contingencies and salary 182 London, Electric Light District, contingencies 182 " Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 120 " Food ." Salary 156 " Gas District Contingencies and salaries 176 " Guar. & Acct. assur. Co Commission 138,184 " Weights & Measures Salaries and contingencies 169 " Excise, Preventive Salaries 150 Long, W. H. A Provisional allowance 136 " Salary A.',. 129 Longtin, H " 125 Loranger, L. J f Law costs 135 Loranger, G. A Salary 151 Lorimer, E. B Provisional allowance 174 Lortie, J. A Contingencies 158 " Salary '. « 170 Love, G. G " 124 Lowell, E " ' 176 Lussier, Flynn & Gendron Law costs 135 Lutz, H Contingencies 176 " Contingencies and salary 182 Luton, A. A Salary 120 Lye, O. G ". 165 Lymans, Ltd Contingencies 134, 159 Lyon , A . V Salary 1 63 Lyons, E Duty-pay 139 " Salary 124 Macdonald, A. B Duty-pay 140 " Salary > 127 Macdonald, A. H Law costs 160, 161 Macdonald , G Provisional allowance. 136 Salary 131 MacGillivray, E. F Provisional allowance 136 Mackay , J . C Salary 1 24 Mackeen, E. T Salary 129, 156 Mackenzie, C. Y Law costs 160 Mackenzie, J. H Salary 123 MacKinnon, J. L Law costs 159 Mac Lean, C. E Salary 169 MacPherson, M.J Commission 138 Magnan, Dr. J. A Salary 162 Mahaffy, G Law costs 142 Mainville, CP Contingencies and salary 125 Distribution of seizures 144 Malt Houses Breweries Inspector of 133 " License fees 26, 27 " Licenses issued Quantity produced, etc 76 " Quantity taken for consumption 26, 27 " Returns of Comparative statement for 1915-16 and 1916-17 76 " Returns of manufactures for the year 1916-17 76 " Revenue 6 to 9 " " Comparative statement showing increase or decrease for 1915-16 and 1916-17;. 26, 27 " " Refunds 42 to 46 " Warehouse returns 77, 78 " " " Comparative statement for 1915-16 and 1916-17 79,80 12—15 204 INLAND RW\ ENUE8 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Page. Malt Liquor and Brewers licenses 31, 32 " License fees 26, 27 " Licenses issued, material used and quantity produced 81 " Quantity for Consumption 26, 27 " Returns of Manufacturers for the year 1916-17 81 " " " Comparative statement for 1915-16 and 1916-17. . 82 Revenue 6 to 9 " " Comparative statement showing increase or decrease for 1915-10 and 1916- 1917 : 40,41 Malt Liquor Warehouse returns, 1916-17 82 Manitoba Excise District Inspection Contingencies and salary 132 Mann, W. M Salary 177 Mantha, J. A " 126 Manufactures in Bond 106, 107 " Lincense Fees 26, 27 " Licenses, issued material used and quantity produce 106 to 107 " Quantity taken for Consumption 26, 27 " Returns of Manufactures 70, 71 " " " Comparative Statement 1910-17 108, 109 " Revenue 6 to 9 " " Comparative statement showing increase or decrease for 1915- 16 and 1916-17. . 40,41 " Warehouse returns 110, 111 Comparative statement 1916-17 112,113 Mason, T Provisional allowance 137 Mara, J. L Provisional allowance 137 Marin, L. H Duty-pay 140 " Salary 126 Marion, H. R " 124 Markley, A. W. R " 130,156 Marquis, A. W : Law costs 143,161 Marshall, W. C Commission 138 Marshall, F Salary : 169 Martin, N Duty-pay 140 " : Salary 119 Massicotte, A. N " 171 Martineau, O. E. J " 127 Mather, A. P , " 124 Mattice, A. E " 169 . Mathews, E. D. K " 164 Maurice, E " 121 Meighen, R. S " 121 Melville, T. R Contingencies and salary 122 Mercier, C. A Salary 127 Methylated spirits Monthly deposits 28 to 39 " Quantity of raw material on hand at beginning and end of the years 1915-16 and 1916-17 ; material used and quantity produced 116 " Quantity on hand at beginning and end of the year 116 " Quantity bought in, sold and otherwise accounted for during the year 1916- 1917 116 " Statement showing revenue and expenditures 60,07 Vote for 65 Miller, C. W Salary 150 Miller, J. C Provisional allowance 136 ; Salary 130 Miller, J. E Contingencies dnd salary 133 Miller, R. M Salary 121 Miller, W. F Contingencies and salary 132 Millier, E i . . . . Duty-pay 140 ' Salary 126 Milliken, E Salary 123 Milot, J. F Duty-pay 140 Salary 126 M ilton , P. J Law costs 143 Minister of Inland Revenue Salary '. 162 " " Vote for 65 Minor expenditures " . 65 Mirsky, S Salary 165 Mitchell, J. L " 119 Modern Machine Sundries 175 Monforton, E. R Salary 124 " Duty-pay 140 Montgomery, W. H Salary 120 Monthly deposits 28 to 39 INDEX ?D5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 I'agk. Montreal Electric Light Inspection District Contingencies _ 182 " Excise Division Contingencies unci salaries 125, 126 " Food Salary 156 " Gas District. .. .• Contingencies and salaries 177 « Weights and Measures Division " 170 " Excise Preventive Contingencies and salaries 151 " W. & M. Preventive " " 154 Montreuil, Z. A Salary 169 Moore, W. H Law costs 160 Moore, T. J One stamp 166 Moose-Jaw Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 130 " " Preventive 152 Morand, N Law costs 141 Moraud/L " s 135,160 Morgan, E. J Provisional allowance 136 ' Salary 131,157 Morin, J. P Contingencies and salary " 171 Morisset, M Special translation 158 " Salary 162 Morphy, W. S Law costs 143 Morris, T. H Duty-pay 140 " Salary 129 " Provisional allowance 135 Morrisson, A. C : Salary 176 Mortley, L. B Law costs 175 Mulcaster, R " 159 Mulligan, J. A Provisional allowance 174 Munro, P. D Salary 129-177 Munro, H . H Law costs 1 60-175 Murphy, J. W Salary 128 Murray, D Duty Pay. . . : 140 " Salary 122 Murray & McKinnon Law costs 159 Mutchmor, R. W Salary 176 McArthur, G. H... " 118 " Duty pay 139 McConvey, J.J Salary and Contingencies 170 McCort, Jas Salary 150 McCullough.A " 162 McCullough & Brittan Law costs 160 McCutcheon, H Salary _ 131 McDonagh, J. A Salary and Provisional allowance 154-174 McDonald, J Attending Board of examiners 132 Mc Dougall , J . C Provisional allowance 174 Salary 172 McEachern, C. A " 170 McFee, A. C ." 118 McGarry & Costello Law costs " 160 McGill, A Contingencies and Travelling expenses, etc. 158 " Salary 163 " Travelling Expenses 165 McGowan, J Salary 128 McGuire, L. J " v 125 McGuire, T " 121 Mcintosh & Watt Glassware 166 McHugh, G Law.costs ^ 142 McKay, J Provisional allowance, Salary 172-174 McKay, E . '. Salary 166 McKay, R Provisional allowance 174 Salary 172 McKell, M.E. E " 163 HcKibbon, S. W Provisional allowance 136 McLachlan.P Salary 131 Provisional allowance 136 McLean, D.J Provisional allowance 174 ' Salary 173 McLanaghan, F. H Salary & Duty Pay 121-139 McLeod,.!. H Commission 138 McLeod, J Salary and Provisional allowance 154-174 McMartin, A. G Salary 121 Duty pay •■ 139 McNally, E " 139 Salary 122 McNaughton, J. C Salary 121 McNiven, J. D Provisional allowance 136 12-15| 206 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Pact. McNiyen, J. D Salary 129 M C Niven , J. J Salary 183 " Provisional allowance 180 McPhcrson, E. A Duty pay 139 Salary 122 McPherson, G. G Law costs 142 McSpadden, M Provisional allowance 136 " Salary 131 McSween, J Contingencies and salary 124 Nash, A. F Contingencies 182 " Contingencies and salary 176 Xavert, C Distribution of Seizures & salary.. 148-151 Xeff , G. C Law costs 143 Xeil James, Salary 124 Nelson Weights & Mesures Division Contingencies and salaries 173 Newsome, I Salary 118 Xichol, F. A Provisional allowance 136 Salary 129 Niven, T. D Duty-pay 140 " Salary • .•• 125 Noel, L. E " 121 Xoonan, J. M " 121 Xoonan, H. T Contingencies and salary 121 Normandin, G. N Duty-pay • 14o " Salary 125 Number of persons employed 186 O'Bready & Panneton Law costs 135 O'Brien, E. C Salary 119 O'Brien, J .. . " 119 O'Brien, J. F ». Duty-pay 140 " Salary 119 O'Brien, W Contingencies and salary 171 O'Connor, M. E Salary 163 O'Connor, M.J " 121 O'Donnell, J " 120 O'Donnell, M. J " 127 O' Donohue, M.J Contingencies and salary 1 18 O'Flahertv, M.J Salary 177 Ogden, G.J " 176 Oliver, A " / 182 Oliver, J. T " 123 " Duty-Pay 140 Olivier, J. A " 140 " Salary ' 125 Olivier, L. H " 125 " Duty-pay '140 O'Neil, G " 140 Salary..' 124 Ontario District Inspectors Contingencies and salaries 132 Ontario Electric District Salary 182 Ontario, Hughes owen Co., Ltd., The Contingencies 158, 165 Orr, H. N Salary 118,176 Ortling, L Contingencies 134 Ostiguy, L. R Salary '. 164 O'Sullivan, D Provisional allowance > . " 137 Salary 131, 157 Other Receipts — Revenue Comparative statement showing Monthly increase or decrease for 1915-16 and 1916-17 40, 41 Ottawa Transfer Co Cartage 165 Ottawa Cigar Factory Refunds 47 " Electric Ry. Co Contingencies 165, 175, 181 " Electric Light District " 182 " Excise Division " and salaries 121 " Gas District " " 176 " Weights & Measures Div " " 169 " Wine Vault Co., The " 165 # Ouimet, A. L Salary 151 ' Outside Service Officers Number employed 186, 187, 188, 189 Owen-Sound Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 121 Pageau, G Distribution of Seizures and salary 146, 151 Pankhurst, G. F Salary ) 177 " , Provisional allowance 180 Panneton, D Law costs 142 INDEX 207 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Paoi. Ottawa Excise Preventive 160 Ottawa W. & M. Preventive; 154 Panncton , G . E Salary 126 Pape.Jas " 17f» Paquet, L " 1M Parent, D.J Duty-pay 140 Parent, F Salary 164 Parizeau, J " ; 125 Parent, A Contingencies 158 Parker, Thos Provisional allowance 174 Salary 157, 173 Parker, W. R " 122 Parkinson, E. B Contingencies and salary 130 Parties under licences ' 185 Patenaude, Hon. E. L Salary 102 " Travelling expenses 165 Patent Mcdeeine Registration fees Monthly deposits 28 to 39 " " Revenue of 24 Patterson, C. E. A Salary 126 Paulin, E Contingencies 158 Pauze , C . E Salary 150 Pelletier A Travelling expenses, etc 158 Perkins, W. J Law costs 160 Permanent officers Excise Outside service 186 Persons employed by Inland Revenue Dept. Number of 189 Perth excise Division Contingencies and salaries 121 Peterborough Excise Division ." Contingencies and salaries 122 Petipas W. A Contingencies ' 158 Petroleum Inspection Fees Comparative statement for 1915-16 and 1916-17 105 " " Returns of petroleum and naphtha inspected during 1916-17 105 Pictou Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 129 Weights «fe Measures Division " 172 Pierce, A. H Provisional allowance 136 PietteJ. A, Law costs 135, 159 Pingel, H. H Salary 120 Pitblade, Norkin Co Law costs 161 Plante.A " 159 Plaunt Hardware Co. The Hardware 141, 166, 175 Pleasance, W Salary 120 Poirier, W " 151 Poitras, D " 170 Poirier, J. B. E " 151 Poitras, W Duty pay 140 Salary 127 Polley, W. H Commission 138 Popham , G . H Office Supply 1 65 Port Arthur Excise Division .Contingencies and salaries 122 Porter, A Salary 169 .Porter, N Commission 138 Postmaster Ottawa Contingencies 165 Post Office Department Bill Stamps account 165 Powell, J. B Contingencies and Salaries. 132, 176 " Attending Board of Examiners Contin- gencies 134 Power, O. S Provisional allowance 180 " Salary 183 Pratt, Mrs Charwoman 158 Prcfontaine, F. H Salary 171 Prescott Excise1 Division t Contingencies and salary 122 Preventive Officers, (Permanent) Number in the service 187 Preventive Service General Statement of Expenditures and Salaries 18, I" " " Vote for 6-r> " Excise, In account with expenditure 18, 19 " Weights & Measures, " 20 Prevost, Jos Salary 1 26 " Distribution of Seizures 146 Prevost.J. O Salary 126 " Duty Pay ;.. 140 Prince, A Provisional allowance '■ 136 Pringle, R. H Brokerage 159, 165, 179, 181 Pritchard Andrews Co. Lt'd The Contingencies ' 134, 158, 165, 175, 179 208 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Page. Proprietary or Patent Medicines Act . Vote for 65 Provisional allowance " 65 Pryke, John Salary 169 Quain R, Salary 162 Quebec Electric Light Insp. District Contingencies 182 " Excise District Inspector and salaries 132 " Excise Division " 127 " Food Food Salary 156 " Gas District Contingencies and salaries 177 " Weights & Measures Division " 170 " Excise Preventive " " 150 Quesnel, G. A Salary ' 152 Quinn, J. D Duty pay .' 140 Salary .' 127 Quinn, T Provisional allowance and salary 136, 153 Railway Pass, Ass. Co Commission 138, 184 Rainville, J. E Salary 151 Rankin, W Sundries 181 Ratchford, C. E Commission 138 Raw Leaf Tobacco taken for Consumption For Consumption 26, 27 Raymond, J. C Distribution of Seizures and salary 146, 149, 152 Recapitulation Refunds of Revenue 51 of Monthly deposits 38,39 .Reesor, M. W Salary 176 • Refunds of Revenue on account of Excise 42 to 46 " " Tobacco 46 to 47 " " Cigars _ 47 " " Officers salary 47 " " Sundries 47 War Tax 48, 49, 50 " " Weights and Measures 50 " " Adulteration of Food 50 " " Patent Medicines 50 Regina Electric Light District Contingencies and salaries 183 W.& M. Preventive " " 154 Renahan, M.J Salary 176 Rehaud, A. H " 125 Rennie, G Contingencies and salaries 123, 176 Revenue Recapitulation for the year 1916-17. Adulteration of food " " " Casual Revenue " " " Commercial Feeding Stuffs " " " Electric Light Export Power Licenses " " " " Inspection " " Standard of Laboratory " " " Excise '.„ " " \ " Seizures ' " " Ferries. . li Fertilizers Fees. ^. . .......... . . . '. '. '. " \ 38, 39 " Gas Inspection " " " Law Stamps " " " Methylated Spirits " " " Patent Medecines Registration Fees " " " " " Fines " " " " Stamps " " " Testing Milk Glasses " " " Weights and Measures Inspection " " " Seizures " Richard , J . B . T Salary '. 1 25 Richard, J " 152 Richards, D. H Provisional allowance and salary 13fi, 152 Richardson, W Provisional allowance 136 " Salary iSjg 130 Rickey, J. A Travelling expenses etc 158, 165 Salary .'' 163 Ridgrnan, A. H Provisional allowance. . . , 137 Salary Salary 131 Rigney, T.J Law costs 160 Rioual, Y.. Salary 164 Rioux, J. H Contingencies 158 Ritchie ,H Salary 123 Robb, G Law costs ^ 143 Robert, A Salary 163 i\in:x 209 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. Robert, R -.• Washing Towels, etc 165 Robertson, W. C Law costs 141 Robillfird, G. A Salary , 12(5 Robinson, J. T " 120 Contingencies 134 Robinson, \V Provisional allowance 137 Robitaille, L. P Salary 151 Roche, W. G. P Commission 138 Roche, W.J Salary 1 70 Rogers, H . A Salary 118 Rondeau and Plante Law costs 143 Rooney, E. A Salary. . . . '. 163, 165 Ross, W. A " 177 " Provisional allowance 180 Ross, W. L Law costs 142 " Salary 151, 160 Rouleau, C. E Salary 127 Rouleau, J. C " 127, 156 Distribution of Seizures 149 Rousseau^E. H Salary 127 Wt ' ■ " Duty-pay . 140 Rousseau, M Salary 141 Roux, G .• " 126 Rowan, W. E " 121 Rowat, R. M " 103, 165 Rowat, W " 169 Roy, A " 150 Roy, C. E Contingencies and salary 170 Roy, E Salary , 150 Roy, F. X Contingencies 158 Roy, L Salary '. . . 163 Itoy, L. G " 162 Roy, M. A Distribution of Seizures 144 RudolfT, Professor, D. R Contingencies 155 Ruel, A Salary 154 Rutledge, P. R Salary 164 Travelling Expenses 165 Sandborn, J. B Commission 138 Sangster, H. W Law costs '. . 159 Saskatoon Weights and Measures Division Contingencies arid salary 172 " Preventive " " 154 Saucier, X Contingencies and salaries 133 Sawers, C. W. Law costs 179 Scales Charlotte Contingencies 134 Scanlan, T.J Provisional allowance 137 Salary 131 Scarf, W. F " 170 Schram, R. L. . H " 123 Schreiber, C. B Provisional allowance 137 Schreiber, N. E Salary 131 3chuber, F. C " 118 Scott, J. O Provisional allowance 136 ■L" Salary 130 Scouler, G. T " 183 Provisional allowance 180 Scullion, \V. J Salary 125 Sealey, J. C Contingencies and salary 169 Seguin , J . R Salary 165 "Seizures Distribution of ! 144 to 149 36vigny, Hon. A Salary 162 Travelling expenses 165 Shanacy, M Salary > 124, 176 ■Shaw, A. I " 174, 154 •Shaw, J Provisional allowance 13/ " Salary 131, 173, 178 Shaw, J. F " 162 Sheppard, C. F " 170 ■iherbrooke Electric Light District Contingencies 182 Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 127 Gas District Salary 177 Weights and Measures Division Contingencies and salaries 171 " Excise Preventive " " 151 Shorey, A.B Duty-pay 140 " Salary 124 210 1XLAXD REVEXUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Page. Shurtleff . W. L Law costs 142, 160 Skelton, A. R Salary 176 Simpson, A. F Contingencies and salaries 127, 177, 182 Simpson. G Salary 131 " Provisional allowance 136 Simpson, W. A Salary 123 Sloan, J. B " 124 Sloan, VV " 118 Smith, H. D Law costs 142 Smith, A. L " 142 Smith, B. H Salary 1 22 Smith, D. J Salary 151 Smith, I Charwoman 181 Smith, J. C Salary 170 Smith, J. F " 119,150 Smith, W. A Salary 176 Smyth, P. L " 162 Snowden, J. W Duty- pay 140 " Salary 121,127 Snuff Quantity taken for consumption 26, 27 Somers, T. S Salary 151 Songhurst, J. R " 12* Sparling, E. J Salary and provisional allowance 154, 174 Sparling, J. W Provisional allowance 136 " Salary 129 Special Elevator Scale Inspector Salary and contingencies 173 Spence , F . H Salary 1 23 Spicer, H Provisional allowance 174 : Salary 172 Spirits, Distilleries transactions 72-73 " License Fees 26, 27 " Licenses issued, material used and quantity produced 70, 71 " Quantity taken for Consumption 26, 27 " Returns of Manufactures 70,71 " " Comparative statement for 1915-16 and 1916-17 70,71 " Revenue 6 to 9 " " comparative statement showing monthly increase or decrease for 1915-16 and 1916-17 40,41 " Refunds 42 " Warehouse Returns 74 " " Comparative statement 7 Sprague, F. W Duty-pay 140 . Salary 11$ Stamps Bill Distributor's account 23 " " Revenue of 53 " Gas Distributor's account 53 " Law Revenue of 53 " Weights and Measures Distributors account 53 " " " " Revenue of 53 Standard Underground Cable Contingencies 181 Statistics Append ix , "A" 70 t o 116 Stewart, H. A Law costs 160 Sringle.J. W " 131,173,183 Stiver, J. L " 176, 182' Stone, C. F " 121 Scott, Jas Contingencies and salary 178, 183 " Provisional allowance 180 Stratford Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 123 Subscription to Newspapers Details, see 106, 167, 168 Sundry Minor Expenditures Details of 24 Sundry Minor Revenues General Statement of 24 Surprenant , J Salary 1 52 Sutherland, W Provisional allowance 136 " Salary 13l Duty-pay 140 Suttie.T. C Provisional allowance 174 " Salary 171 Sykes, W.J Refunds 123 St. Catharines Excise Division Contingencies and salary. . 123 St. Hyacinthe Excise Division " " 127 Food Food salary 1 56 " Weights and Measures Division Contingencies and salaries 171 " Excise Preventive Salaries 152 " W. & M. Preventive " 154 INDEX 211 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. St. John Electric Light District Contingencies 182 " Excise Division • Contingencies and salaries 128 " Food Food salary 156 " Gas District ' Salary 177 " Weights and Measures Division Contingencies and salary 171 " Excise Preventive 152 He. Marie, A .J. I Salary 163, 105 St. Michel, F. X " 120 Talbot, J " 120,150 Tallv-Ho-Pure Water Co. Ltd Distilled water 166 Taylor, G. W Salary 162 " Travelling expenses 165 Technical Translat ion Vote for 65 Teevens, L. P Salary : 162 Templeton, W. A Provisional allowance 180 Salary 183 Testing Milk Glasses Mont hly deposits 28 to 39 Therien, O Professional service 134 Thomas, F. W Duty-pay 140 Salary 119 Therien, E. E. C " 151 Thomas, J. S " 169 Thivierge, P : " 152 Thomas, W. R Duty-pay 140 Salary.... 120, 124 Thompson, J. M Commission 138 Thompson, T. H Law costs 159 Thorburn, Jas Provisional allowance 137 Salary 130 Distribution of seizures 144, 146, 147, 149 Thornton & Truman ; Contingencies 134, 165, 181 Thrasher, W. A Salary _ 120,176 Three Rivers Electric Light District Contingencies and salary 182 " Excise Division ~. " salaries 128 " Weights & Measure Division " 171 " Excice Preventive .' " " " 6 152 Thurber, Geo Salary 126 " Duty-pay 140 Thurston & Co'y Law costs 143, 155, 160, 175 Till, T. M Salary 119 Timmons, R " 127 Toale, J Contingencies and salary 177, 182 Tobacco, Canada Twist, Comparative statement of the Revenue collected for the years 1915- 16 and 1916-17 97 " " "Quantity taken for consumption 26-27 " " Statement of Revenue collected 97 " Factories the Inspector of 132 " License Fees 26-37 " Manufactured before June, 1909, warehouse return for year 1916-17 89 " " " " Comparative statement of warehouse returns for years 1915-16 and 1916-17 85-86 " Other material used in the manufacturing ; warehouse returns for the years 1916-17. . 96 " Comparative Statement for the years 1916-17 96 " Quantity taken for consumption 26-27 " Raw Leaf warehouse .returns for the year 1916-17 92, 93 " " " Comparative statement for the years 1915-16 and 1916-17... 94-95 Refunds 46-47 " Returns of Manufactures for the years 1916-17 85-S6 " " " Comparative statement for the years 1915-16 and 1916-17 87-88 " Revenue 6 to 9 " " Comparative statement showing increase or decrease for 1915-16 and 1916-17. 40—41 •" SnufT, quantity taken for consumption 26-27 " Stamps Vote for 65 " Under amended rates of Duty, warehouse returns for the year 1916-17 90 " " " Comparative statement for the years 1915-16 and 1916-17 90 Tobin, T. S Salary 123 " Distribution of seizures 148 Tompkins, P Salary 129 Topley & Co'y, The - . Contingencies 158 Toronto Electric Light District Contingencies and salaries 182 " Excise Division 123 " Excise preventive Salaries ^ 150 " Food Salary " 156 " Gas District Contingencies and Salaries 170 " Weights and measures Division " " 170 12—16 212 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Page. Traversy, F. X Salary 151 Tozer, H. A Provisional allowance 174 Tremblay, J Salary 163 Treverton, C. B Duty-pay 140 " Salary 118 Trudel, A Distribution of seizures and salary 149-152 Trumpour, G Salary 163 Trumpour, F. T. T ." 169 Turnbull & McCansland Law costs 142 Turpin, Mrs. A Contingencies 158 Tweedie & McGillvray & Baron Law costs 159-160 Tytler, J. M - Salary 120 Uffelman, A Duty-pay 140 " Salary 119 Valin, J. A. G Salary 163 " Travelling expenses 165 Valin, J. E Salary 162 Vancouver Electric Light District Contingencies and salaries 183 " Excise Division " " 130 " Food Food salary 157 " Gas District Contingencies 178 " Laboratory 158 " Weights & Measures ". " and salaries 173 " Excise Preventive " " 153 Venn, C.J Provisional allowance 136 Verner, T. H Provisional allowance 136 " Distribution of seizures - . . . 146-147 * Salary .' 129 Vezina, C " 127 Victoria Electric Light District Contingencies 183 " Excise Division " and salaries 131 " Food Food salary 157 " Gas District Contingencies 178 Vincent, J. U Salary 162 " Travelling expenses 165 Vinegar Dut y accrued 26-27 " Revenue comparative statement of manufactures for the years 1915-16 and 1916-17. . . 108-109 " Statement showing number of gallons manufactured in 1916-17 106-107 " Quantity taken for consumption 26-27 Von Neubronn, Alex Salary 169 Waddell, S. J " 129 Walker, M. W. W " 154 Wallace, R Provisional allowance 174 Salary 172 Walsh, D.J Duty-pay 140 Salary x 125 Walsh, W. H Duty-pay 140 Salary 123 " Contingencies 134 War Tax Revenue 11-10 " General Expenditure 4-5 " Stamp Embossing cheques ' 10-11 " In account with Expenditure 16-17 " General Contingencies 141, 142, 143 Refunds 48 , 49 , 50, 51 Ward, C Salary 128 Warren, G. S " 151 Waterfield, C. W " 129 Watson, V. M " 164 Waugh, R. J Contingencies and salaries 156-171 Way, E. O Contingencies 165 Salary.. 164 " Travelling expenses 173 Webbe, C. E. A Salary 120 " Contingencies 134 Webb, S. A Salary 169 Weber, L " 177 " ' Provisional allowance 180 Weeks, W. A Salary 128 Weights and Measures Contingencies Vote for 65 " " Revenue account (Old division) _ 56 " " Inspection Divisions in account with expenditures 57-58 Details of 169, 170, 1, 2, 3,4, 5 " " Inspection Divisions in account with Revenue 54, 55 Monthly deposits 29 to 39 INDEX 213 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 12 Page. Weights and Measures Refunds _ 50 " " Salaries Vote for 65 " " Stamps revenue 53 ** " Expenditure account (Old division). 56 " " Officers Number in service 188 " " Preventive Service, in account with expenditures 20 Welch, W. R Provisional allowance 174 " Salary 172 Wells, T Law costs 143-159 Westman, L. E Salary 163 Westman, T " 162 Wheatlev, A. E " 169 White, H. E " 171 White, J. B " 122 White. J. G " '173 Whitehead, J. P " 120 Wickens, A " 150 Williams, W. H ' Law costs 142 Williamson, F Provisional allowance and salary 174-173 Willoughlv, Greig Co Law costs 142 Wilkins, E. D. H " 160 Willis, J Salary 176 Wilson, J. C Salary.. 170 Wilson, J. E Salary 177-182 Wilson, H. R Salary 118 Wilson, H. H " 176 Windsor Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 124 " " Preventive Salaries 150 Wink, J. C Salary 122 Winnipeg Electric Light District Contingencies ; 183 " Excise Division " and salaries 129 " Food Food salary 156 " Gas District Contingencies and salaries 177 " Laboratory 158 " Weights and Measures Division " 172 " W. . E " 163 Wylie, M ". Provisional allowance 136 Yetts, R. P Salary 163 Young, J. J Duty-pay 140 Salary : 124 Young, R. E " 123 Yukon Electric Light District Refunds r 183 " Excise Division Contingencies and salaries 131 " Weights & Measures Division " " 173 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 REPORTS, RETURNS, AND STATISTICS A. 1918 OF THE INLAND REVENUES OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31 1917 PART II WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, GAS AND ELECTRICITY PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA J. de LAEROQU ERIE TACHE PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1917 [No. 13—1918.] 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 A. 1918 REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER OF INLAND REVENUE OF THE INSPECTION OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, GAS AND ELECTRICITY. To the Honourable The Minister of Inland Revenue. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report on the inspection of weights and measures, gas and electricity, with the usual statements in connection therewith for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1917. J. IT. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ANNUAL REPORT. Department of Inland Revenue, Weights and Measures Standards Branch, Ottawa. July 6, 1917. J. U. Vincent, K.C., B.A., L.Ph., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report on the Weights and Measures Inspection Service of the Dominion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1917. First. — The total revenue collected during the year for the inspection of weights and measures was $131,625.60 as against $112,136.81 collected during the twelve months ended March 31, 1916, showing an increase of $19,488.79 in favour of the year just closed. Second. — The total expenditure was $188,086.60 as against $181,113.86 expended during the year ended March 31, 1916. Third. — Appendix A gives a summary statement of the receipts and expenditures of each inspection division. 13— U 4 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Fourth. — The revenue collected represents 69-9 per cent of the total expenditures! as against 61-9 per cent last year. As an inspection and protective service, Weights I and Measures is necessarily unremunerative, and is so accepted as an administrative obligation in all countries. Conditions naturally vary immensely in such a vast and varied country as] Canada. Some divisions, including large towns or scale factories, show collections equalling or exceeding' expenditure, whilst in other divisions, including immense but sparsely settled districts such as the Rocky mountains, both shores of the St. Law- rence gulf, Labrador, and Gaspe, the cost of itinerary inspections necessarily exceeds inspection fees collected, yet the public must be given protection in such parts. As giving some idea of the ground covered in the course of inspection work, it might be remarked that in Manitoba, five officers working out of Winnipeg travelled on itineraries 9,393 miles during the months of September, October, and November, whilst for the same months four officers of Saskatoon travelled 9,956 miles. Similar conditions apply to the divisions at Regina, Calgary, and Edmonton. Fifth. — As the West develops, travelling mileage increases year by year. As the land is put to cultivation, so elevators, requiring exacting annual inspection, increase in numbers. The following table gives an idea of the rate of this increase: — Stations. Elevators. Capacity. No. 863 937 1,048 1,217 1,247 1,334 1,400 No. 1,909 2,037 2,319 2,607 2,813 3,059 3,360 Bushels. 105,462,700 108,649,900 127,224,550 154,765,000 168,024,000 180,988,000a 193,844,000 From the table it will be seen that both the number of stations and country eleva- tors has nearly doubled since 1910. Sixth. — Owing to the war, railway facilities are most inadequate; on some western branch lines there are only one or two mixed trains a week. Officers therefore have to hire teams or auto cars, charges for which are exceedingly high. Yet the importance of inspection work and accuracy in weights and measures increases in direct ratio to the increased cost of commodities and must be carried on. Seventh. — In my last report I made mention of the fact that two new divisions had been established in the West, one at Regina, comprising the southern half of Sas- katchewan, and the other at Edmonton, comprising the northern half of Alberta. That this step was justified is proved by results, as shown in the following table of collec- tions:— 1915-16. 1916-17. $ cts. 9,543 85 $ cts. 9,407 00 10,458 40 4,292 65 4,224 60 5,875 00 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 More important than the doubled collections for the two provinces is the fact that double the inspection work has been done, which it must be assumed was previously undone. Considerable credit is due Inspector D. J. McLean, of Kegina, and his staff, for the excellent work done in the first year of this new division. Eighth. — During the year, 28,375 pieces of Babcock milk and cream test glassware have been tested by the Weights and Measures Standards Branch, of which 27,876 fcave been verified and stamped, producing a revenue of $1,394.75. Ninth. — In appendices B and C will be found detailed statements of the various Weights and measures, etc., presented for verification, verified, and rejected during the year, of which the following is a summary: — Presented. Verified. Rejected. Percentage of Rejections. Weights 79,327 78,767 560 0-7 Measures of capaeitv 185,611 185,112 499 0-25 length 7,443 1,390 53 0-71 Balances, equal arm 13,606 13,226 380 2-8' " steelyards 12,002 11,897 105 0-87 " platform < 62,389 59,563 2,826 4-5 " computing, automatic, etc 19,199 18,383 816 4-2 Pumps, measuring 6,741 6,576 165 2-4 The percentage of rejections is low, and does not represent actual conditions, because officers adjust or assist in adjusting incorrect weights, weighing and measur- ing machines whenever possible, and when adjustment does not involve expert mechani- cal training. Were this not done the figures for rejections would be very much higher. Tenth. — This is the first year statistics have been compiled under the new classi- fication, the results being very satisfactory. The articles heretofore shown under the miscellaneous column, 18,091 last year, are now classified under various headings, and are seen to represent this year, inter alia, 19,190 modern price computing scales, 6,576 gasoline measuring pumps, whilst the number of weights and measures of the metric system inspected, are shown for the first time. During the year, seventy-two seizures were made, in the main of incorrect and worn-out weights and measures found in use for trade. Three were made for refusal to pay inspection fee, the machines being released upon subsequent payment under threat of prosecution. Five prosecutions were instituted, two for the wilful falsification of a weighing machine, one for refusal to pay fees, and one for obstructing an officer. THE METRIC SYSTEM. Due consideration must be given to the continued campaign for the compulsory introduction of this system both in England and the United States. Advantage is taken of the fact that co-operation with allied metric countries has led to considerable increase in the use of metric units, but such increase is confined in the main to the manufacture of munitions and artillery, and does not apply to general trade. For a generation nearly, the metric system has been legal for trade and export in England,- Canada, and the United States, yet its use and increase has been practically nil. Were it essential for foreign trade with metric countries, its adoption and G INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 increase should be natural and automatic, but such evidence is lacking. For domestic trade and industry it is unnecessary. The issue involved, then, is whether the latter, including agriculture, where the bushel, the acre, and the dollar constitute the trinity of the farmers' business, shall be disorganized by the compulsory substitution of the hectolitre and the hectare, and the metric system generally, in the interasts and fur- therance of the limited export trade to metric countries, in a great part of which the units of measure or weight do not enter at all. The metric weights and measures inspected during the last fiscal year, as shown for the first time in the statistical tables, are given below, in comparison with those of Dominion denomination: — Measures of capacity " length... Weighing machines . . Weights Dominion Such figures of course do not give the total weights and measures in use, as those in science and manufacture are not subject to inspection, and therefore do not appear. The war is still suspending the reproduction of the copies of the Dominion primary standards destroyed in the Parliament fire, and also the purchase from France of copies of the international metre and kilogram, as the primary metric standards of the Dominion. I remain, sir, Your obedient servant, E. O. WAY, Chief Inspector. GAS AND ELECTRICITY ANNUAL REPORT. Department of Inland Revenue, Electrical Standards Laboratory, Ottawa, July 12, 1917. J. U. Vincent, Esq., K.C., B.A., L.Ph., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report on the inspection of ga9 and electricity throughout Canada during the year ended March 31, 1917. The combined services have recovered somewhat from the depression experienced during the fiscal year 1915-16, when a deficit in the revenue of $8,012.40 was shown. At the close of the last fiscal year the revenue for the combined services shows a surplus of $17,405.57. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 INSPECTION OF GAS. The total revenue collected during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1917, for the inspection of gas and gas meters was $54,157.35 as compared with $46,034.80 for the previous year. The total expenditure was $61,736.12 as compared with $66,255.58 for the year which ended March 31, 1916. A return of gas companies distributing manufactured gas and the calorimetric tests connected therewith will be found in Appendix E; also a list of the natural gas companies registered, and the number of meters in use. A statement showing the number of gas meters presented for verification during the fiscal year will be found in Appendix F. ELECTRICITY INSPECTION. The total revenue collected for meter inspection, etc., during the year ended March 31, 1917, was $71,467.18 as compared with $70,051.75 collected in the previous year. The total expenditure, including cost of inspection and maintenance of equip- ment, was $46,482.84 as against $57,843.37 for the fiscal year which ended on March 31, 1916. The combined services of electricity and gas, the duties connected with which are performed by one set of officers, show the following financial results : — Revenue $ 125,624 53 Expenditure 108,218 96 Surplus $ 17,405 57 A comparative statement of revenue and expenditure for the combined services during the past ten years is as follows: — Years. Gas and Electrioiiy. Revenue. Expenditure. 1907-08 $ cts . 86,552 20 92,450 21 100,647 20 112,150 25 . 117,917 45 138,090 95 143,386 40 139,403 25 116,086 55 125,624 53 $ cts. 4S.831 75 54,018 71 55,514 14 63,385 03 80,537 87 93,000 83 113,014 76 124,233 49 124,098 95 108,218 96 1908-09 1909-10 1910-11 1911-12 1912-13 1913-14 1915-16 1916-17 showing on the ten years' operations an excess of revenue over expenditure of $307,455.50. A statement showing the quantities of electrical energy exported from Canada under authority of the Electricity Exportation Act by certain hydro-electric companies will be found in Appendix I. A list of electric light and power companies registered under the provisions of the Electricity Inspection Act, with certain statistics connected with their operation, will will be found in Appendix J. s INL IND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 It may be stated, in conclusion, that the work of inspection is returning to its normal proportions, and it becomes a question as to how long the reduced staff will be able to satisfactorily meet the requirements of the service. As you are well aware, one or more men have enlisted for the front from nearly every inspection district in the country, and should the work continue to increase it may be found necessary to employ temporary assistance until the regular officers return from the war. I remain, sir, Your obedient servant, OKMOND HIGMAX, Chief Engineer. 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 A. 1918 APPENDIX A. Statement of Weights and Measures Expenditures and Revenues during the fiscal year ended March 31, 1917. Inspection Division. Inspectors. Expenditures. Revenues. Salaries. Special Assist- ance. Rent. Travel- ling Expenses Sundries. Total. Belleville Diamond, F. D Sealy, J. C $ cts. 3,624 78 8, 182 92 2,741 58 5,646 22 10,816 20 8,741 46 $ cts. 75 00 $ cts. 772 00 $ cts. 985 76 2,953 44 306 09 2,775 86 2,331 35 1,983 29 S cts 275 95 121 21 45 10 187 82 120 04 108 91 $ cts. 5,733 49 11,257 57 3,092 77 8,729 90 15,091 24 10,833 66 $ cts. 2,492 80 12,919 10 1,104 05 10,974 90 8,865 45 14,735 20 Gallagher, T London Hughes, R. A 120 00 1,823 65 Hinchey, E. H Toronto Montreal Quebec Sherbrooke Ontario Hebert, J. A., Actg. Roy, C. E Delorme, O. C Moritv, J. P 39,753 16 2, (Ms (',;, 772 00 11,335 79 859 03 54,738 63 51,091 50 13,235 69 9,399 72 2,983 20 2,199 96 3,466 50 1,422 42 3,971 08 582 14 565 71 904 32 1,624 98 300 00 625 00 2,727 60 2,865 22 881 45 1 , 140 80 410 11 371 75 222 10 104 91 77 53 88 76 19,382 44 16,758 12 5,176 70 3,984 00 4,869 69 11,932 50 5,947 60 6, 158 85 2,526 70 985 05 Three Rivers Lesstird, A St. John, N.B. . . . Quebec Barry, James 31,285 07 7,445 67 2,549 98 8,025 18 865 05 50,170 95 27,550 70 4,916 54 16 00 905 24 151 24 5,989 02 3,492 40 Halifax Pictou O'Brien, W Dustan, W. M 1,883 23 3,241 50 859 92 48 00 507 36 669 09 695 10 236 25 74 87 4,155 85 4,059 47 1,335 70 1,959 20 Charlottetown.P.E.I. Winnipeg, Man Nova Scotia Davy, E 5,124 73 907 92 507 36 1,364 19 311 12 8,212 32 3,294 90 1,099 92 60 00 246 54 22 56 1,429 02 621 30 McKay, R 7,824 78 1,408 29 4,824 52 216 88 14,274 47 12,229 05 Regina McLean, D. J 2,899 92 5,391 48 1,390 93 1,019 99 5,689 73 5,248 93 282 64 231 29 10,263 22 12,071 69 10,458 40 9,407 00 Saskatoon Johnston, Chs. W. . . Saskatchewan Costello, J. W 180 00 8,291 40 2,410 92 180 00 10,938 66 513 93 22,334 91 19,865 40 4,775 07 1,200 00 590 34 2,105 52 1,757 15 208 71 292 08 7,679 64 3,789 23 4,292 64 4,224 60 Edmonton . . McDougall, J. C. . . . Alberta Parker, Thos Dutton, A. H 540 00 Nelson Vancouver. . . 5,975 07 590 34 540 00 3,862 67 500 79 11,468 87 8,517 25 1,(16 54 o a on TO 363 30 48 00 180 00 1 0O1 OA 176 35 104 25 443 65 4,245 29 3,088 73 1,227 45 2,294 05 British Columbia. . . . Stingle, J. W 4,137 27 411 30 180 00 2,057 55 547 90 7,334 02 999 96 14 00 1,013 96 46 85 Chief Inspector 220 02 220 02 344 31 244 58 A. A. Bowen I Inspectors of \ 1 Elevator Scales/ 298 63 244 58 45 68 J. G. White. Total for 109,951 11 13,860 80 6,137 63 43,606 02 4,222 52 177,778 08 Milk Test Glassware .. 1,394 75 General Contingencies Printing 1,409 26 3,339 73 653 15 4,690 23 216 15 1,409 26 3,339 73 653 15 4,690 23 216 15 Stationery Provisional Allowance International Bureau Measures of Weights and Grand Totals 109,951 11 13,860 80 6, 137 63 43,606 02 14,531 04 188,086 60 131,625 60 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 •ODDBqOJ, •siodnpjioAy OO OO — ' CM -1< O t- Ji SI co cm o — i r-- dooo cnT •oufjajn puB •clp.vy pauiqui03 uoisuadsng Is = •/- •sjaqjQ IIV •jo^BAajg UIBJQ •sjgmo IIV Suudg -*f< cc tO iO tD IN os oo co *h r- — co co "VIS oi^Biuo;ny •ajibq puB aox O) CI to — 00 CD CO to •OpB.IX •^OBIJ, •pia •^JBUlp.IQ to io co yz ro 00 00 CO ^ o o ■* o a o ■* •suijy |Bnbg ^ CO 00 Ol CO o rHM tO CO O co a: — . so O !< oo CN ■* rH CO -Tf CN — ' ci c o r oi c j co c j c- c. Ol O) to if co 00 CM t- -*1 >-< ca o ">c-j © ei OS 5 .v ,- o cs 3q 5 » a ,»J C3 3 «j O WEIGHTS LVD HE LSI RES SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 S3 CO i—l i-l 00 —i or — iO o — I »C i-i a 3 c3"3 "S p 2 1? INLAND REVENl E8 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 <» •oaoBqoj, 'siodnpjioAy ■dpAy pauiquio;} 'SajBOg uoisuadsng < l* to C _~ 53 ei UIBJf) •saaqiQ IIV EC CO — CO US CC — OS oiiBuiojny •Ajxbq. puB aoj 'Fia •ssailij •.ClBUqDJQ •pjBXjaa^g •suuy l^nba c . CO cs ^ oc "t< — I CN) CO OS - X — N CO O CO lO -H **< co — ■ be O £ c 3 5 e e +§ <-• <- m 13 Q if ° 00 II OS || — o CM — II "5 £.9 > § ciS s S h >> si-Sac S c- WEI (1 II IS \.\D \li:\S! A'/.S SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 CO II QO co 00 | o © CO OS CO s erf PA - p TTA o > a Q S5 Q S3 o GO a; OS i-H *2 CO 'tis x — ? p - - O o c '% o GO S3 « oooBqoj^ •paiBjajoj, •siodnpjiOAy •oujaj^ puB dp.vy patnqraoQ •SajBOg uoisuodsn^ O — t-- e«5 co 8 II 200" r • f- oc • ■~ — I ~r --z. r- OIO-H c5 o Suudc; ■»<>IS oiveuioiny puB aoj c to O OS O T- X "t l" »f c: — i — < n« c: -r ce cm •SpBJX £ . h so O .2 DC — — X SB — re ci cm m 'IB:Q •XatJuipjo •pjBXjaaig •euijy psnba M t- Ci CC (O W ;i c. -j: ;i ci cj es re co to : f~ OC — 00 r cm DO — C5 »0 ■ i—< i-H •t - K R Z oc t» « ro — ri — . re -o r - ~ ir. r — — < i-o oc ->r ■t CC C X M 1C C O C D •.o ia oc e-i r- -* — 5ge . - - 3 s -j c H S c c JS C B r M j c :- J=2 S S « t; S CJx x t- WEIGHTS AND MEASURES SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 1 p £ OH I a Ph H P > 3 H E-i o 16 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX C. Return showing the Number of Measures of Capacity, Lineal Measures and Micellaneous Verified in each Inspection Division, during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. Inspection Division Measures or Capacity. Measuring Devices. Lineal Measures Miscellaneous. Dominion Metric Milk Cans Pumps. Measuring Tanks. Dominion. Scales. Measures of Capacity. Belleville 297 18,830 1,980 23,625 2,229 27,363 3,262 71 62 200 19 385 361 2,168 3 Hamilton 94 2,700 13,686 2,331 19,389 1,287 515 Ontario 74,324 1,287 38,739 3,195 4,047 22,769 6,615 457 2,019 629 5,382 434 244 48 79 42 10 1,164 1,017 68 218 51 157 Sherbrooke 13 St. Hvacinthe 1 Three Rivers 32,489 157 5,383 847 2.518 13 St. John, N.B 3,920 3,685 458 16 805 51 125 333 5 Pictou 618 57 25 Nova Scotia 1,423 51 458 57 25 5 Charlottetown, P.E.I. Winnipeg, Man 42 59 6,646 10,669 601 286 Regina 411 737 '950 348 350 134 286 Saskatchewan 1 148 950 698 420 Calgary. 9 20 2,320 1,713 58 156 1 1 29 4,033 214 2 Nelson 77 37 20 24 22 44 4 4 Vancouver British Columbia. Dawson, Yukon 114 20 46 44 8 3 Totals 120, 138 1 , 444< 63,530 6,576 10 7,390 46 5 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. WEIGHTS t \ /' UEASl RES 1 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 APPENDIX C— Continued. Return showing the Number of Measures of Capacity, Lineal Measures and Miscellaneous, Rejected in each Inspection Division, during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. Inspection Division. Measures or Capacity. Measuring Devices. Lineal Measures. Miscellaneous. Domin ion. Metric. Milkf '.•ins Pumps. Measuring Tanks. Dominion. Scales. Measures of Capacity. Belleville 213 7 Hamilton 3 22 London 3 12 15 Hi 4 30 41 Ontario 18 250 57 41 9 Quebec 6 12 Sherbrooke St. Hyacinthe 20 2 Quebec 6 31 12 St. John, N.B 3 3 1 Nova Scotia 3 1 Charlottetown, PFT Winnipeg, Man 12 Regina 1 7 1 l 32 49 Calgary 225 5 5 Edmonton Alberta 225 10 Nelson Vancouver British Columbia Dawson, Yukon Totals 24 475 165 53 1 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. 13—2 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 18 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX C— Concluded. Return showing the Total Number of Measures of Capacity, Lineal Measures and Miscellaneous, Submitted in each Inspection Division, during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. Inspection Divisions. Measures or Capacity. Measuring Devices. Lineal Measures. Miscellaneous. Domin- ion. Metric. M iilcC tins. Pumps. Measuring Tanks. Dominion. Scales Measures of Capacity. Belleville 297 18,833 1 980 23 ,'628 2 241 27^363 3,475 78 62 222 19 400 377 2,172 3 4 .J Kingston 94 2,700 776 515 London 13,686 2, 361 19! 389 Ottawa Toronto 1,287 Ontario 74 342 1,287 38,989 3, 252 4,088 Montreal 22 769 6,' 621 457 2,019 629 5 382 443 244 48 99 44 10 1,164 1,029 68 218 51 Quebec 157 Sherbrooke St. Hyacinthe 1 Three Rivers Quebec 32 495 157 5 383 878 10 2,530 13 St. John, N.B - 3,920 3,685 461 16 Halifax SO" 618 51 125 336 5 Pictou 57 Nova Scotia 1,423 51 461 57 26 5 Charlottetown, P.E.I. Winnipeg, Man 42 59 6,646 10,669 613 286 Regina 411 737 950 365 382 134 286 Saskatoon Saskatchewan 1,148 950 747 420 Calgary 9 20 2,545 1,713 63 161 1 1 Alberta 29 4, 258 224 2 Nelson 77 37 20 24 22 44 4 4 Vancouver British Columbia. Dawson, Yukon 114 20 46 44 8 3 Totals 120,162 1,444 64,005 6,741 10 7,443 4, 5 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. J. U. VINCENT, Deputy M inister. GAS INSPECTION 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 APPENDIX D. Statement of Gas Inspection Expenditures and Revenues for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. Districts. Inspectors. Expenditures. Rcvenuos. Salaries. Special Assist- ance. Rent Travel- ling Expenses. Sun- dries. Total Belleville Hamilton London Ottawa Toronto Montreal Quebec Sherbrooke St. Hyacinthe. . . Fredericton St. John, N.B.. . Halifax, N.S... . Chailottetown, P.E.I Winnipeg, Man. . Calgary, Alta. . . Vancouver Victoria Lutz, H Nash, A. F Kinsman, E. A . . . Stiver, J. L Ontario Aubin, A Cantin, J. A Simpson, A. F. . . . Quebec Wilson, J.E.,Actg. Wilson, J. E New Brunswick . Toale, John Bell, J. H Kyle, W. P Stott, John Dresser, F British Columbia Inspector of East- ern Dominion. Inspector of West- ern Dominion, Totals for Inspectors . $ cts. 4,216 57 ^ , yzu uo 4,374 74 10,899 48 $ cts. 692 82 632 00 2,464 42 180 00 $ cts. liuu \)\) 65 00 429 90 180 00 $ cts. 272 95 596 85 (IKC OA 2 00 217 30 8 cts. 102 69 244 64 42 51 201 06 $ cts. 5,755 06 6 198 45 7^313 57 11,677 84 $ cts. 2,026 20 5 978 05 6! 281 10 2,649 80 14,647 90 24,410 84 4,398 81 874 90 1,744 30 784 53 32,213 38 31,583 05 o noo 84. O , Ull J O^i 766 58 499 92 66 00 432 00 123 05 151 78 8 872 67 '766 58 499 92 13,009 30 236 00 86 40 9,366 34 66 00 432 00 123 05 151 78 10, 139*17 u. "wi on 99 96 2,399 88 4 00 287 15 31 50 99 96 2,722 53 645 60 2,499 84 4 00 287 15 31 50 2,822 49 • 545 go 2,399 88 507 36 18 65 18 60 2,944 49 543 60 499 92 499 92 39 50 6,749 88 6,749 88 2,780 55 515 02 91 30 49 84 656 16 997 90 1,499 88 4 00 0 35 6 20 3 75 28 11 4 10 1,538 19 2,412 65 816 60 1,499 88 4 00 6 55 31 S6 1,542 29 6,il\) £0 231 90 17 37 105 66 17 37 337 56 47,426 58 4,987 83 1,814 26 2,502 90 1,191 14 57,922 71 54,157 35 General Contingencies 316 12 316 12 Printing 1,725 IS 1,725 18 Stationery 1,772 11 1,772 11 47,426 58 4,987 83 1,814 26 2,502 90 5,004 55 61,736 12 54,157 35 Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917 13— 2\ J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX Statement of the Coal and Water Gas Companies registered and the the Fiscal Year ended Place and Company. Kind of Gas. Number of Meters. Sulphuretted Hydrogen per Month. Number Prescribed. Carburetted Water Gas.. . 665 Apr. , 1916. 2 Barrie Gas Co.. . May 1916. . 2 June, 1916. . 2 luly, 1916. . 2 " Aug. 1916. 2 v - " Sept., 1916 . 3 Oct., 1916 2 " Nov., 1916.. 2 Dec, 1916 . 2 Jan., 1917. . 2 Feb., 1917. . 2 Mar., 1917. . 2 Coal Gas and Carburetted Corporation of Belleville. 1,463 Apr. , 1916. . 4 ;< May, 1916 . 4 June, 1916. . 5 •July, 1916. . 4 AU2. 1916. . 4 Sept., 1916. 5 Oct., 1916 . 4 Nov., 1916.. 4 Dec, 1916 4 Jan., 1917. . 4 Feb., 1917. . 4 Mar., 1917. . 4 1,110 Testing Brandon Gas & Power Co. Carburetted W. ter Gas.. . 1,828 Apr. , 1916.. in Corporation of Brockville. " May, 1916. . 4 June, 1916. . 5 • " July, 1916. . 4 " Aug. 1916. . 4 Sept. , 1916. . 5 Oct., 1916. . 4 Nov , 1916.. 4 « Dec. 1916. . 4 Jan., 1917. . 4 Feb. 1917. . 4 Mar. 1917. . 4 65 Apr. 1916.. 2 Charlottetown Lt. & Pi . Co. May, 1916. . 2 June, 1916. . 2 July, 1916. . 2 Aug. 1916. . 2 Sept , 1916. . 3 Oct. 1916. . 2 Nov., 1916. 1 OAS INSPECTION 21 SSIONAL PAPER No. 13 E. jalorimetric and Sulphuretted Hydrogen Tests made during March 31, 1917. Tests (No trace mitted.) Calorimetric Values — (Standard 520 British Thermal Units.) Df Tests. Times found present. Number of Tests. Highest B.T.U. 1 Lowest B.T.U. Average B.T.U. Readings below Stand:1 rd . Made. Prescribe* I . Made. Monthly. Yearlv 2 0 2 2 624 615 620 None. 2 0 2 2 653 619 636 2 0 2 2 586 583 585 3 0 2 3 611 571 589 2 0 2 2 571 555 563 2 0 3 2 685 590 637 " 2 0 2 2 606 577 592 2 0 2 2 592 586 589 2 0 2 2 580 548 564 « t 2 0 2 2 576 559 567 2 1 2 2 577 569 573 2 0 2 2 579 549 564 590 ,< 4 2 4 4 601 480 523 499-511-480 4 1 4 4 595 519 553 519 5 0 5 5 586 524 548 None. 4 0 4 4 609 530 554 5 0 4 5 533 522 526 4 0 5 4 534 516 523 516 4 0 4 4 527 523 525 None. 4 0 4 4 539 523 532 4 0 4 4 533 506 521 506 4 0 4 4 532 527 531 None. 4 2 4 4 533 502 521 502 4 2 4 4 542 524 530 . 532 None. ipparatus not yet installed. 596 560 576 586 574 600 568 548 560 565 594 5XK 577 556 566 564 548 528 554 542 5.34 539 572 556 558 570 575 559 558 563 545 544 559 580 566 None. 564 761 758 758 789 755 771 672 744 755 732 746 706 770 672 753 757 748 768 73i 770 (.72 None. 743 Manufacture stopped and plant shut down in November. 22 IX LAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Statement of the Coal and Water Gas Companies registered and the the Fiscal Year ended Place and Company. Cobourg, Ont Cobourg Gas Light and Water Co. Kind of Gas. < '< >:il f las. Cornwall, Ont Stormont Electric. Lt. & Pr. Co. Deseronto, Ont Corporation of Deseronto. Guelph, Ont Corporation of Guolph. Carburetted Water Gas. Carburetted Water Gas. Coal Gas and Carburetted Water Gas Number of Meters. 436 375 128 3,241 Sulphuretted Hydrogen per Month. Apr., 1916. May, 1916. Tune, 1916. July, 1916. Aug., 1916. Sept., 19!6. Oct., 1916. Nov., 1916. Dec, 1916 Jan., 1917. Feb., 1917. Mar., 1917. Apr., 1916. May, 1916. Tune, 1916. July, 1916. Aug., 1916. Sept., 1916. Oct., 1916. Nov., 1916. Dec, 1916. Jan., 1917. Feb., 1917. Mar., 1917. Apr., May, June, July, Aug., Sept. Oct., Nov. Dec, Jan., Feb., Mar., 1916 1916. . 1916. 1916. 1916. 1916. 1916. , 1916. 1916. 1917. 1917. 1917. Apr., 1916. . 4 May, 19 6. . 4 June, 1916. . 5 July, 1916. . 4 Au?., 1916. . 4 Sept. 1916.. 5 Oct., 1916. . 4 Nov. 1916.. 8 Dec, 1916. . 8 Tan., 1917. . 8 Feb., 1917. . 8 Mar., 1917. . o GAS INSPECTION 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 Calorimetric aud Sulphuretted Hydrogen Tests made during March 31, 1917. Tests (No trace mitted.J Calorimetric Values — (Standard 520 British Thermal Units.) of Tests. Times found present. Number of Tests. Highest B.T.U. Lowest B.T.U. Average B.T.U. Readings below Standard. 1 tvs'.'i'i t n_v 1 . JVlade. Monthly. l early. o U 2 9 A 5 1 Oil 624 o .8 N*( ne. o n I) 9 A x*3 624 629 Q o n (1 9 Q 0 6 1 0 588 una " o U 9 2 0.21 598 6 1 0 0 U 2 2 A1 Q 592 605 o u 3 2 Ar»o DU;) £AQ 005 Oov 9 n U 2 2 594 587 591 o L n U 2 2 oyz 091) oy i 2 0 2 2 601 584 593 o n 2 2 AOQ 593 Olio 9 0 2 2 600 592 596 9 n U 2 2 DIM oas 600 604 » o 9 2 ' 2 At ^ 010 ££A 000 ^PA oso Xrne. 9 9 £ 2 2 A3A ODD 595 A1 A 010 9 9 2 2 001 551 r - o OOo 9 2 2 2 Rf\A OIH £7£ 0/0 0 u o 9 2 2 £ um ber per •ni 1 rlace and Company. tvinu oi oas. OI Meters. Number Month. Prescribed. Bt. John, IN .d 1 , 784 Apr., 1910. 4 St. John Ry. Co. May, 1916. 4 June, 1916? 5 July, 1916 4 Aug., 1916. . 4 u Sept., 1916. . 5 Oct., 1916. 4 u Nov., 1916. . 4 u Dec., 1916 . 4 Jan., 1917. . 4 Feb., 1917. . 4 Mar., 1917. . 4 •i , ZoD Apr., 1916. . 4 Corporation of St. Thomas. May, 1916. . 4 June, 1916. . 5 July, 1916. . 4 Aug., 1916 4 Sept., 1916. . 5 Oct., 1916 . 4 u Nov., 1916. . 8 Dec, 1917. . 8 Jan., 1917. . 8 Feb., 1917. . 8 Mar., 1917. . 8 C 1 .... 1 .... . 1 . . T> /~\ ( arburetted Water Gas.. . Apr., 1916 . 2 Corporation of Sherbrooke. Mav, 1916. . 2 June, 1916. . 2 July, 1916. . 2 Aug., 1916. . 2 Sept., 1916. . 3 Oct., 1916. . 2 Nov., 1916. . 2 Dec, 1916. 2 Jan., 1917. . 2 Feb., 1917. . 2 Mar., 1917. . 2 Corporation of Sorel. Stratford Ont v.-- 1. Jell uaa Mild v_ til UUic l iru Stratford Gas Co. Water Gas. 1,341 Apr., 1916. . 4 May, 1916. . 4 June, 1916. . 5 July, 1916. . 4 Aug., 1916. . 4 Sept., 1916. . 5 u Oct., 1916 . 4 Nov., 1916.. *4 Dec, 1916. . 4 a Jan., 1917. . 4 Feb., 1917 4 It Mar., 1917. . 4 OAS INSPECTION 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 the Calorimetric and Sulphuretted Hydrogen Tests made during March 31, 1917. Teats (N mitted.) o trace Calorimetric Values — (Standard 520 British Thermal Units.) of Tests. Times found present . Number of Tests. Highest B.T.U. Lowest B.T.U. Average B.T.U. Readings below Standard. Made. Presori bed. Made. Monthly. Yearly. 4 0 4 4 596 576 591 None. 4 0 4 4 603 591 598 4 0 5 4 588 563 573 4 0 4 4 572 556 562 4 0 4 4 592 581 587 4 0 5 4 597 583 589 4 0 4 4 595 587 591 4 0 4 4 605 590 596 4 0 4 4 607 569 586 4 0 4 4 604 592 600 4 0 4 4 623 592 602 4 0 4 4 619 574 599 590 8 0 8 8 650 610 628 None. 8 0 8 8 660 616 640 8 0 10 8 658 622 643 10 0 8 10 655 613 635 8 0 8 8 655 635 644 10 0 10 10 680 636 654 8 0 8 8 666 594 621 8 0 * 8 8 634 563 601 8 0 8 8 629 599 616 « 8 0 8 8 631 573 603 8 0 8 8 642 577 605 8 0 8 8 608 538 582 623 2 2 2 2 637 618 628 None. 2 2 2 2 702 681 692 2 2 2 2 643 604 623 2 2 2 2 596 530 563 2 2 2 2 673 664 668 2 2 3 2 673 613 643 2 2 2 2 754 673 714 n 2 2 2 2 799 619 709 2 0 2 10 598 561 577 2 0 2 4 584 548 566 2 0 2 4 549 540 544 2 . 1 2 4 584 542 563 624 resting apparatus not yet installed. 4 0 4 4 6i0 570 692 None. 4 0 4 4 613 571 596 4 0 5 4 581 567 575 5 0 4 5 645 560 599 4 0 4 4 636 560 603 5 0 5 5 611 526 5S5 4 0 4 4 632 559 599 4 0 4 4 586 511 550 511 4 0 4 4 621 570 591 None. 4 0 4 4 608 536 571 4 0 4 4 565 535 546 4 0 4 4 592 534 566 582 34 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Statement of the Coal and Water Gas Companies registered and the Fiscal Year ended Kind of Gas. Number of Meters. Sulphuretted Hydrogen per Month. Number Prescribed. Toronto, Ont Coal Gas and Carburetted f"*r»n tin TYl f»F^ \ t£*^ I tf\ Water Gas. 104,235 Apr., 1916. . 12 Mav, 1916 12 June, 1916 15 « July, 1916 12 Aug., 1916. . 12 u Sept., 1916.. 15 Oct., 1916 12 u Nov., 1916.. 26 .i Dec, 1916 25 .i Jan., 1917.. 26 it Feb., 1917. . 24 ii Mar., 1917. . 27 - Coal Gas and Carburetted \~£iiTC0ll V6T CjSS C^o» Water Gas. 16,827 Apr., 1916 . 12 Mav, 1916. 12 June, 1916. . 15 .. July, 1916.. 12 u Aug., 1916. . 12 .< Sept., 1916. . 15 ii Oct., 1916. 12 ii Nov., 1916.. 25 u Dec, 1916. . 25 ii Jan., 1917.. 26 .. Feb., 1917.. 24 u Mar., 1917. . 27 Coal Gas 3,247 Apr., 1916 . is* ♦ Victoria Gas Co. Mav, 1916 . 4 June, 1916. . 5 « July, 1916. . 4 .> Aug., 1916. . 4 ii Sept., 1916.. 5 u Oct., 1916. . 4 ii Nov., 1916.. 8 u Dec, 1916 . 8 ,t Jan., 1917. 8 u Feb., 1917. . 8 11 Mar., 1917. . 8 Waterloo, Ont. Carburetted Water Gas.. . 733 Apr., 1916 2 Corporation of Waterloo. May, 1916 2 June, 1916 2 July, 1916. . 2 Aug., 1916. . 2 Sept., 1916.. 3 Oct., 1916 2 Nov., 1916. . 2 Dec, 1916 2 Jan., 1917. 2 Feb., 1917 . 2 Mar., 1917 2 GAS INSPECTION 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 he Calorimetric and Sulphuretted Hydrogen Tests made (hiring parch 31, 1917. 'ests ( No trace litted.) Calorimetric Values — (Standard 520 British Thermal Units.) i Tests. Time found present. Number of Tests. Highest B. T. U. Lowest B. T. U' Average B.T.U. Readings below Standard. Made. Prescribed. Made. Monthly. Yearly. 15 0 24 24 580 546 559 None. 12 0 26 26 580 527 562 15 0 25 25 586 561 566 « 12 0 25 25 581 547 565 « 12 0 26 26 591 542 559 « 15 0 25 25 570 542 559 12 0 25 25 559 536 548 u 22 0 ~ 26 26 564 542 553 25 0 25 25 561 542 552 26 0 26 26 559 532 541 24 0 24 24 549 530 538 27 0 27 27 . 562 530 546 554 12 0 23 23 576 513 535 513 12 0 26 26 555 522 539 None. 15 0 25 25 576 521 538 12 0 25 25 561* 517 538 517 518 12 0 27 27 553 521 539 None. 15 0 25 25 555 502 533 502 12 0 25 25 555 511 539 511 21 0 25 25 551 520 533 None. 25 o 25 25 546 520 532 26 0 26 26 544 520 531 24 0 24 24 560 513 529 513 519 27 0 27 27 552 522 535 535 None. 4 o 8 8 594 532 556 None . 4 o 8 8 553 527 539 4 0 10 9 571 529 547 4 o 8 9 560 537 548 4 o 8 8 545 521 531 « 4 o 10 8 537 520 529 u 4 o 8 8 550 520 529 '< 8 0 8 • 8 563 528 549 " 8 0 8 8 561 521 544 8 0 8 8 552 531 540 8 0 8 8 551 530 541 8 0 8 8 530 521 526 540 2 0 2 2 583 541 562 None. 3 0 2 2 560 526 543 2 0 2 o 593 543 568 3 0 2 2 604 556 580 2 0 2 2 548 520 534 3 0 3 3 549 528 541 CI 2 0 2 2 617 573 595 2 0 2 2 531 526 529 2 0 2 2 545 536 541 2 0 2 2 527 525 526 2 o 2 2 528 528 528 « 2 1 0 2 2 551 533 542 549 13—31 36 ISLAM) REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Statement of the Coal and Water Gas Companies registered and the Fiscal Year ended Sulphuretted Hydrogen dumber per P1&C6 &nd Oornptiny* Kind of Gas. of Meters. Number Month. Prescribed. Coal Gas. 19,304 Apr., 1916. . 12 Winnipeg Electric Ry. Co. May, 1916. . 12 June, 1916 . 15 u July, 1916. . 12 u Aug., 1916. . 12 u Sept., 1916. . 15 a Oct., 1916 . 12 it Nov., 1916. . 25 « Dec, 1916. 25 u Jan., 1917.. 26 « Feb., 1917. . 24 Mar., 1917. . 27 Yarmouth, N.S ' Coal Gas. 291 Apr., 1916. . 2 Yarmouth Fuel Gas Co. May, 1916. . 2 June, 1916. . 2 July, 1916. . 2 Aug., 1916. . 2 Sept., 1916. . 3 Oct., 1916. . 2 Nov., 1916. . 2 Dec, 1916 . 2 Jan., 1917.. 2 Feb., 1917. . 2 Mar., 1917. . 2 Ormond Higman, Chief Engineer. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. QAS INSPECTION 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 the^Calorimetric and Sulphuretted Hydrogen Tests made during March 31, 1917. Tests ( No Trace mitted.) Calorimetric Values — (Standard 520 British Thermal Units.) of Tests Times foun;l present • Number of Tests. Highest B.T. U. Lowest B.T. U. Average B.T.U. B.eadin£3 below Standard. Made Prescribed. Made. Monthly. Yearly. 12 0 23 23 578 542 56 None 15 0 26 26 572 526 550 12 0 25 25 582 521 543 15 0 25 25 565 517 540 517 12 1 26 28 592 525 544 None . 12 0 25 25 563 520 539 15 0 25 25 •,ss 523 549 (i 12 0 25 25 565 525 544 15 0 25 29 581 521 542 » 14 0 26 29 571 520 542 12 0 24 24 548 526 531 13 0 27 27 572 528 554 545 1 2 0 2 2 596 591 594 Nona. 2 0 2 2 571 541 556 3 0 2 2 544 523 534 2 1 2 3 569 532 546 2 0 2 2 620 607 614 2 0 3 2 562 523 543 2 0 2 2 556 532 544 2 1 2 2 591 524 558 2 0 2 2 601 576 588 2 0 2 2 660 645 652 2 0 2 2 670 659 665 o 0 2 2 662 641 652 587 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy M inister. 38 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX Statement of Gas Meters tested during 10 Light Tin and No. 1 Iron Meters. 11 to 50 Light Tin and No. 2 Iron Meters. No. 3 Iron Meters. District. Verified as within legal limits. Rejected. Verified as within legal limits. Reject- ed. Verified as within legal limits. Reject- ed. a o H M O Not over 2% fast. u | >15 °v.O O CO £v . o 15 u - - -■" >^ 0 Over 3% slow. Correct. few >4S O rrect. j ?j I* O IM 0) o >^ S* O 00 i£ M eo u o •s _z 1. o Ch U u 4) >• o o CO 03 6? CM a * o ^ O CO % CM t* § co - s > z 1. CD - §1 G C*l ■- z >« O CO <*> o > o o rj > O o O Q o o 0 0 0 0 5 4 23 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 2 2 36 6 0 0 0 0 8 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 8 7 20 6 1 0 0 0 23 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 22 66 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,757 1,329 0 489 7,768 Q All 20,032 2,885 973 34 732 223 21,483 2,489 779 3,203 47 59 72 1 5 11 2 7 0 0 32 13 104 1 4 72,187 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 40 INLAND RETENl ES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Statement of Natural Gas Companies registered during the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. Location. Name. Brantford, Ont Brooks, Alta -Cainsville, Ont Caledonia, Ont Calgary, Alta Castor, Alta Chatham, Ont Claresholm , Alta . . . Ford, Ont Gait, Ont Granum, Alta Hamilton, Ont Hamilton, Ont Hillsboro, N.B Ingersoll, Ont Lethbridge, Alta. . . MacLeod, Alta Medicine Hat, Alta. Moncton, N.B Nanton, Alta Okotoks, Alta Port Colborne, Ont . Redcliff, Alta Ridge way, Ont Rose Hill, Ont St. Catharines, Ont. Sandwich, Ont Sarnia, Ont Suffield, Alta Walkerville, Ont. . . . Windsor, Ont Woodstock, Ont .... Brantford Gas Co Canadian Western Natural Gas, Light, Heat & Power Co. Standard Natural Gas Co Port Colborne-Welland Natural Gas & Oil Co Calgary Gas Co Corporation of Castor Chatham Gas Co • Canadian WTestern Natural Gas, Light, Heat & Power Co. Windsor Gas Co Dominion Natural Gas Co _ Canadian Western Natural Gas, Light, Heat & Power Co. Manufacturers Natural Gas Co United Gas & Fuel Co Moncton Tramways Electricity & Gas Co Ingersoll Gas Light Co Canadian Western Natural Gas, Light, Heat & Power Co. Canadian Western Natural Gas, Light, Heat & Power Co. Corporation of Medicine Hat . Moncton Tramways Electricity & Gas Co Canadian Western Natural Gas, Light, Heat & Power Co. Canadian Western Natural Gas, Light, Heat & Power Co. Sterling Gas Co Redcliff Light & Power Co Bertie Natural Gas Co ' Rose Hill Natural Gas Co Corporation of St. Catharines Windsor Gas Co Sarnia Gas & Electric Light Co Southern Alberta Gas Co Windsor Gas Co Windsor Gas Co. Woodstock Gas Light Co Ormond Higman, J. U. VINCENT, Chief Engineer. Deputy Minister. Inland Revenue Departmeent, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. ELEOTBICITJ INSPECTION 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 APPENDIX G. Statement of Electric Light Expenditures and Revenues for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1917. Districts. Inspectors. Expenditures. Revenues. Salaries. Special Assist- ance. Rent. Travel- ling Expenses. Sun- dries. Total. Belleville Fraser, H $ cts 1,499 88 1 399 92 $ cts 1 035 96 _ 30 00 $ cts $ cts 287 90 220 60 462 00 533 55 224 00 1,098 11 741 80 $ cts 49 41 105 93 $ cts. 2,873 15 L756 45 462 00 829 02 224 00 1,765 16 783 90 $ eta. 2,216 40 979 50 4,499 70 6,523 95 4,568 20 1,558 20 11,363 40 Fort William.. . . Hamilton Little, E Lutz, H London Nash, A. F 249 99 45 48 Ottawa Sudbury Bonskill, L. H. .. Stiver, J. L 115 58 497 29 54 18 42 10 Toronto Special Kinsman, E. A . . . Ontario 750 00 750 00 Montreal 3,765 38 1,813 24 3,567 96 297 10 9,443 68 31,709 35 2,273 79 2, 154 94 337 40 449 65 182 05 64 79 183 46 45 80 2,675 98 3,399 30 227 85 13,675 15 2,489 05 903 35 927 40 862 15 Quebec Sherbrooke Cantin, J. A Simpson, A. F 611 25 St. Hyacinthe. . . Three Rivers . . . St. John, N.B.. . Halifax, N. S. . . • ( Charlotte town, P.E.I Winnipeg, Man. . Regina, Sask.. . . Calgary Aubin, A., Act'g Oliver, A Quebec Wilson, J. E 499 92 180 00 285 80 12 85 978 57 499 92 4,428 73 791 25 1,254 90 306 90 7,281 70 18,857 10 12 00 298 68 44 33 355 01 1,848 15 60 00 997 20 272 97 1,330 17 2,053 65 Bell, J. H 60 00 70 30 17 46 147 76 198 00 Hamilton, R Hunter, W, M 533 10 185 10 123 10 841 30 2,887 90 2,300 06 1,146 70 171 40 3,618 16 2,019 80 Kyle, W. P 1,500 00 1,299 96 514 98 277 60 282 45 110 70 117 80 2,403 28 1,700 21 1,926 70 ocs on Edmonton Vancouver A IK 2,799 96 514 98 560 05 228 50 4, 103 79 0 810 fifl Stott, John 7,077 38 900 00 44 00 369 90 150 10 205 62 111 59 8,552 90 305 69 6,793 15 1,935 90 Victoria Dresser, F Dawson, Yukon. British Columbia Stingle, J. W 7,077 38 944 00 520 00 317 21 8,858 59 8,729 05 499 92 499 92 Chief Electrical 1 Inspector of East< Inspector of West Engineer 224 45 350 15 574 60 era Division 2,599 92 359 85 242 17 3,201 94 Total for Inspectors 19,542 54 7,832 95 1 , 324 35 9,185 19 2,371 29 40,256 32 71,115 60 42 IXLAXD REYEXLEH 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX G — Concluded. Statement of Electric Light Expenditures and Revenues for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1917— Concluded. Expenditures. Revenues. Salaries. Special Assist- ance. Rent. Travel- ling Expenses. Sun- dries . Total. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. S cts. $ cts. $ cts. 3,657 72 236 56 45 80 $ cts. Printing 236 56 45 80 International Electro-Technioal 2,286 44 2,286 44 Export of Electric Power 250 00 101 58 Grand Totals 19,542 54 7,832 95 1,324 35 9,185 19 8,597 81 46,482 84 71,467 18 Inland Revenue Department, J. U. VINCENT, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. Deputy Minister. ELECTRICITY INSPECTION 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 APPENDIX H. 44 IXLAXh REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX Statement of Electric Meters tested during District. ( !lass I Meters (2 wire, 1 to 250 volts. Verified as within legal limits. C CO C co Rejected. 6^ > « o Class 2 Meters (3 wire & polvphase, 1 to 250 volts.) Verified as within legal limits. fa I >~ °^ O co Rejected. o IS O Belleville Calgary Charlottetown Edmonton. . . . Ft. William.. . Halifax Hamilton London Montreal Ottawa Quebec Regina St. John St. Hyacinthe. Sherbrooke. . Sudbury Three Rivers Toronto Vancouver. . . . Victoria Winnipeg Yukon Totals. . . . 525 1,404 127 543 155 1,521 4,618 4,069 6,964 1, 142 2,917 507 1,220 1,023 426 466 1,132 8,238 3,538 1,413 1,760 0 1,803 1,289 82 759 1,038 1,396 927 2,882 11,314 3,838 567 2,148 831 235 372 1,328 92 5,158 5,223 1,165 1,811 0 681 141 75 36 290 242 752 2,420 3,939 2,227 452 598 872 216 608 616 76 1,878 1,824 468 301 0 112 134 17 46 13 92 549 297 4 14 3 9 39 9 1 29 14 1,189 97 36 181 0 285 108 7 52 45 60 63 338 1 72 0 55 23 0 4 62 1 457 216 34 186 0 46 18 126 264 0 39 14 15 45 1 2 19 0 50 69 16 31 0 43,708 44,2.58 18,712 50 103 2,885 2,069 Ormond Higman, Chief Engineer. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. ELECTRICITY ISSl'EVTIOS 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 H. the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1917. Class 3 Meter s (251 to 650 volts) Class 4 Meters (over 650 volt s.) Verified as within Rejected. Verified as w ithin Rejected. legal limits legal limits. Totals. +j u * u it fe5 . _o CO £ > O "m CO a> u a*! ir 0 M j£ >J - 1. O O co O Si > & O O CO O CO O 0 O z 6**" O 3 21 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,526 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3, 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 322 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,447 0 2 q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,594 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,365 74 9 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7, 147 4.5 72 34 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 10,422 32 40 148 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,450 10 56 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57 13 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,030 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,343 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,047 9 8 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1504 4 2 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 1,433 1 8 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,545 42 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,364 441 108 44 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 17,601 24 46 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,076 7 11 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3, 163 56 99 20 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,44.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 811 512 380 5 1 4 4 0 0 (I 114,390 J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister. 46 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX I. Statement showing the amount of Electrical Energy, Gas or Fluid generated or produced for export and for consumption in Canada, under the authority of the Electricity and Fluid Exportation Act, for the year ending March 31, 1917. Name of Contractor and Place of Business. Month. Units Produced for export. K. W. Hours. H. P. Years. Units Produced for use in Canada. K. W. Hours. H. P. Years. Total Output of Generating Station or other Source. K. W. Hours. Canadian Niagara Power Company, Niagara Falls, Ont. April May June July August September. October.... November. December. January.. . . February. . March 32,154,705 35,748,225 34,354,972 32,862,444 28,422,608 26,059,060 27,477,534 24,907,855 21,445,908 17,431,343 12,937,005 21,425,820 Toronto Power Com- pany, Niagara Falls, Ont Totals. April .... May June July August September. . October November.. December. . January February. . . March 315,227,479 Ontario Power Com- pany, Niagara Falls, Ont. Totals. April May. June July August September. October.... November. December. January.. . . February . . March Totals. 6,306,000 5,937,000 5,767,000 6,402,000 11,782,000 13,059,000 13,164,100 11,286,400 11,560,700 11,666,700 10,330,100 11,095,500 118,356,500 14,763,420 19,261,160 23,476,040 25,066,300 29,008,240 32,470,540 31,953,520 31,334,440 32,569,180 31,631,400 27,021,700 29,886,100 4,9200 5,470-0 5,2570 5,0290 4,3490 3,988-0 4,205-0 3,811-0 3,282-0 2,667-0 1,9800 3,2790 1,084,295 843,775 977,028 2,046,556 9,268,392 15,382,940 17,132,466 21,782,145 24,891,092 24,793,657 21,193,995 25,974,180 48,237-0 165,370,521 965-0 908-0 882-0 979 0 1,8030 1,9980 2,011-0 1,727-0 1,7690 1,7850 1,587-0 1,6970 38,044,300 41,932,000 45,721,500 44,538,800 45,684,800 48,364,200 51,809,200 52,284,500 52,441,800 56,114,400 51,281,400 56,480,900 IS, 1110 584,697,800 328,442,040 2,2590 2,947 0 3,5920 3,8360 4,4390 4,9690 4,8900 4,795-0 4,9840 4,840-0 4,1350 4,573-0 59,747,380 61,430,740 56,541,460 53,266,200 49,609,560 45,602,960 52,754,480 52,007,760 52,453,920 52,713,000 47,839,900 54,589,800 166-0 129-0 150-0 313-0 1,418-0 2,354-0 2,621-0 3,333-0 3.S09-0 3,794-0 3,243-0 3,975-0 33,239,000 36,592,000 35,332,000 34,909,000 37,691,000 41,442,000 44,610,000 46,690,000 46,337,000 42,225,000 34,131,000 47,400,000 25,305-0 480,598,000 5,822-0 6,417-0 6,9960 6,8150 6,9910 7,4010 7,926-0 8,001-0 8,025-0 8,587-0 7,847-0 8,643-0 ), 471-0 50,259-0 638,557,160 9,143-0 9,4000 8,652-0 8, 151-0 7,591-0 6,978-0 8,0730 7,958-0 8,027-0 8,0660 7,321 0 8,3530 97,7130 44,350,300 47,869,000 51,488,500 50,940,800 57,466,800 61,423,200 64,973,300 63,570,900 64,002,500 67,781,100 61,611,500 67,576,400 703,054,300 74,510,800 80,691,900 80,017,500 78,332,500 78,617,800 78,073,500 84,708,000 83,342,200 85,023,100 84,344,400 74,861,600 84,475,900 966,999,200 &LF.VTRICITY INSPECTION A 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 APPENDIX I.— Continued. Statement showing the amount of Electrical Energy, Gas, or Fluid generated or produced for export and for consumption in Canada, under the authority of the Electricity and Fluid Exportation Act, for the year ending March 31, 1917. 1 Total Output of XT , „ Name of ( ontraetor Units Produced Units Produced for Generating Si at ion or and for export. use in Canada. other Source. Place of Business. Montn . K. W. H. P. K. W. H. P. K. W. H. P. Hours. • Years. Hours. Years. Hours. Years. Ontario and Minne- 1,151,030 1761 957,260 146-5 2,108,290 322-6 1,059,590 162-1 900,850 137-9 1,960,540 300 0 June 888,660 1360 783,750 119-9 1,672,410 255-9 1,314,750 201-2 890,310 136-2 2,205,060 337-4 1,811,350 277-2 1,083,970 165,5 2,895,320 442-7 September. . 1,561,760 239-0 957,470 146-5 2,519,230 385-5 1,784,470 273-1 1,086,210 166-2 2,870,680 439-3 November. . 1,500,358 229-6 961,054 147-0 2,461,412 376-6 December. . 1,460,749 223-5 882,071 135-0 2,342,820 358-5 January 1,620,705 248-0 973,699 149-0 2,594,404 397-0 February . . . 1 , too , Dtl) ziy , *± 1 29, 9 O OQO Qrtrt /, OUU 349-3 March 986,022 150-9 762,6.50 116-7 1,748,672 267-6 1 otafs. . 16,572,984 2,536-1 11,088,154 1,696-3 27,661,138 4,232-4 Western Canada April 604,400 920 4,791,360 735-0 5,395,760 827 0 Power Company, May 709,240 109-0 5,002,380 765-0 5,711,620 874-0 Vancouver, B.C. June 1,248,174 1910 5,282,046 808-0 6,530,220 999-0 Ti. 1 . - 1,367,514 209-0 5,548,766 849-0 6,916,280 1,0580 August 1,638,422 251-0 5,278,778 808-0 6,917,200 1,059-0 September. . 1,887,510 289-0 5,074,220 776-0 6,961,730 1,0650 October 714,100 109-0 8,325,020 1,2740 9,039- 120 1,3830 November. . 830,000 127-0 8,761,720 1,3410 9,591,720 1,4680 December . . 870,260 133-0 8,549,220 1,308-0 9,419,480 1,4410 589,100 900 8,690,270 1,3300 9,279,370 1,4200 February . . . aoO, OUU lOl 'U i , OUo , yoU 1 , 147-0 o acio eon 1 , 29S -0 March 2,247,500 344 0 5,985,450 9160 8,232,950 1,2600 1 otals. . 13,692,820 2,095-0 78,796,210 12,0570 92,489,030 14,1520 Brit ish C o 1 u m bi a April 19,026 3 0 5,569,874 852 0 5,588,900 855-0 Electric Railway May 18,831 30 5,478,469 838-0 5,497,300 841 0 Co., Vancouver, June 16,214 20 5,167,686 791-0 5,183,900 793-0 B.C. July 22,068 30 5,119,882 783-0 5,141,950 786 0 August 19,437 30 5,743,963 879-0 5,763,400 882 0 September.. 22,668 30 6,432,897 984 0 6,455,565 987 0 October. . 29,602 50 4,102,098 628-0 4,131.700 633-0 November.. 31,067 50 4,426,833 "678-0 4,457,900 683 0 I December. . 36,491 50 3,955, 109 605-0 3,991,600 6100 January.. 31,780 50 4,143,720 634-0 4,175,500 639-0 February. . . 25,447 40 4,096,753 627-0 4,122,200 631-0 23,559 40 6,637,341 1,0160 6,660,900 1,0200 Totals. . 296,190 450 60,874,625 9,3150 61,170,815 9,360-0 48 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 APPENDIX I.— Continued. Statement showing amount of Electrical Energy, Gas, or Fluid generated or produced for export and for consumption in Canada, under the authority of the Electricity and Fluid Exportation Act, for the year ending March 31, 1917. Name of Contractor and Place of Business. Maine and New Brunswick Electri- cal Power Com- pany, Aroostook Falls, N.B Cedar Rapids Manu- faC'turing and Power Company, Montreal, P.Q. Sherbrooke Railway and Powot Co., Sherbrooke, P.Q. Month. April May June July August September. October November. December. January.. . . February. . March Totals. April May June July August September. October Noyember December. January.. . . February. . March Totals. April May June July August September. October November. December. January.. . . February. . March Totals. Units Produced for export. K. W. Hours. 228,949 £30,405 233,375 231,791 257,567 304,114 230,678 368,211 379,818 377,115 354,931 352,871 3,549,825 35,767,000 39,297,000 41,764,000 44,052,000 41,836,000 41,024,000 42,838,000 42,213,000 35,455,000 24,563,000 17,417,000 22,164,000 428,390,000 24,000 25,080 24,000 22,080 19,940 19,680 21,600 22,920 24,840 23,640 21,720 24,000 273,500 H. P. Years. 35 0 35 0 360 35 0 400 470 35 0 560 58-0 58-0 54-0 540 543 0 5,473 0 6,0130 6,391 0 6,741-0 6,4020 6,278-0 6,554-0 6,4600 5,425-0 3,759-0 2,6650 3,3920 65, 553 0 4 4 30 40 42 0 Units Produced for use in Canada. K. W. Hours. 22,151 18,995 19,925 18,309 16,333 23,586 29-122 30,389 27,382 27,085 26,469 38,529 298,275 8,710,000 9,280,000 6,498,000 6,874,000 9,064,000 9,262,000 9,308,000 8,740,000 9,414,000 9, 068 000 10,915,000 17,819,000 14,952,000 715,200 765,600 734,400 738,240 776,880 764,400 819,600 798,300 821,160 791,640 748,080 828,480 9,302,040 H. P. Years. 30 30 3- 0 30 20 4- 0 50 50 40 40 40 60 460 1,333-0 1,420-0 994-0 1,052-0 1,387-0 1,417-0 1,4240 1,3370 1,439-0 1,3870 1,6700 2,730-0 17,590-0 109-0 117-0 1120 1130 1190 1170 1260 1220 126-0 1210 1140 1270 1,4230 Total Output of Generating Station or other Source. K. W. Hours. 251,100 249,400 253,300 250, 100 273,900 327,700 259,800 398,600 407,200 404,200 381,400 391,400 3.S4S, 10(1 44,477,000 48,577,000 48,262,000 50,926,000 50,900,000 50,286,000 52,146,000 50,953,000 44,869,000 33,631,000 28,332,000 39,983,000 543,342,000 739,200 790,680 758,400 760,320 796,820 784.080 841,200 821,280 S40.000 815,280 769,800 852,480 9,575,540 ELECTRICITY IXSTEf'TI <> V 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 APPENDIX I. — Concluded. RECAPITULATION. Total Output of Units Produced Units Produced Generating Station or Name of Contractor. for Export. for use in Canada. other Source. K.W. H.P. K.W. H.P. K.W. H.P. Hours. Years. Hours. Years. Hours. Years. Canadian Niagara Power Co... 315,227,479 48,237 165,370,521 25,305 480,598,000 73,542 Toronto Power C*o 118,356,500 18,111 584,697,800 89,471 703,054,300 107,. 582 328,442,040 50,259 638,557,160 97,713 966,999,200 147,972 Ontario and Minnesota Power 16,572,984 2,536 11,088,154 1,696 27,661,138 4,232 Western Canada Power Co. . . 13,692,820 2,095 78,796,210 12,057 92,489,030 14,152 British Columbia Electric Rail- 296, 190 45 60,874,625 9,315 61,170,815 9,360 Maine and New Brunswick Electric Power Co 3,459,825 543 298,275 46 3,758,^100 589 Cedars Rapids Manufacturing and Power Co 428,390,000 65,553 114,952,000 17,590 543,342,000 83,143 Sherbrooke Railway and 273,500 42 9,302,040 1,423 9,575,540 1,465 Totals 1,224,711,338 187,421 1,664,037,785 254,616 2,888,748,123 442,037 Ormond Higman, J. U. VINCENT, Chief Engineer. Deputy Minister. Gas and Electricity Inspection. Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, July 2, 1917. 13—4 INLAND BETBNUES 8 nEOTOE V, A. 1918 H pa g 3 CO • C: US — _ -j. t~ o — « ■ O to C-l CO <-~ LO to to O — f t- iC K ?1 o to C-) — o so O O C O O O CO CI CCI-O — I O iJS ci n m « — o in o o o o MMC O o o o o o o o o o o l-: o o o ci*f_T _ to- >»3 g >. = x g . • o o o o no to cc to o o o . • o . • o co cc <-i CO <-H CN o o c-i 0 £ 3 eg 2 co So O O O O CO O C I- o o o ■u « 08 £ £ 03 03 C — o ♦3 C 5 Eh S J2 jb.S t- X 09 >- a o 0J - :tj g 3«S g £ - i B s 3 c3 ~ C ^3 u - 3 S S3 — — c cn to — ■ c ■ o e ■e o J9 e G C ~ " 3 O C — o o zs t. ,o 5 c-s x - 2 w «-g : . +3 O H gO oH-S r? - S is .2 O CJ fH > e += g O e£_e j oi o 5 sin cjPh CO o S5 o« o ? cj T. -C 0 Hr5 — B :- - fH .ni> - £ 6^ ■r ' / a ELECTRICITY ISsPECTIOX 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 X 13—41 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 o . S £ ^ s y _M ►J CI o O r~ «0 C) 00 US us »«53Tf O ti Mr- t ci "S eo -f ta <~ o: r. o >s - 2s co to — — , « 00 ci © t~ CM Ih V o 00 OJ C<3 CO o ci ko-co us CO US CO -O CI » SO Ed U> 5 > O H M u M 104 110 110 220 110 110 110 110 110 2,200/110 110 110 110/220 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 111) 110 o ? o (In o o CM C) IM C-l o CI tN o 220 2,200 220 o o o •O — <-"0 »rs .-h us 550 220/110 550 550/220 220 2,200 220/110 88 CM CO CO CJ ci ci ci ci © © O L- Q © o -t" — © co © -- — ci ci ©" — — ci 8 2 o"i 8 2 ro o o o o CC 0 DC © © CS — C) CO cs CO CO CO CO CO . « co c o O 1 CO M « h +> s o W ELECTRICITY I\SI'ECTIO\ SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 ciSo 8 8 mccoo «-« cm — a 10 m ci © — co u< «0'/,cio — O CO © © >0 © o -f H — — -H — CM — < — I © g; o o © © o ooo oo o oo o ooooo O — — c — — — CI © o o ■ CI O CI . o c o o CliOlCiO *■ © o © — — i o ■ o o - © © iO CM 100 © © lO IO ■ © © © © ■ • CM CI o o o • © ■ ci 30 • o © © m ■ lO N N W • O (N 'C IC o CM IO . IQ iO : ©o • (M 10 • © CM CI © — CI r-l . i-O-^. ! ■OOO S5 © ■ CM CO • : CM • "v. :8 iO ci ci 10 . 'CI -r it • »o CM CI ■ ic ci ci to ci ■ ~r ic ■ ic . cm © o© oooo O O OOOOO© O © O C© © © ©O © ©OO©© O OO © o© oooo © © © e © © © © o © o o© o © © © 2 © 2 y; y- © © oo CM ©CM CO © tJ< CO CI CM ~- . C © iO -f CO CM CM © CI ■* T»t © CI— i © CJC1COOO -r © C) CM ©~ CM CM © Cl" CI CM CM* © CJ tl» ©Cl"c{ CM Cl" Cl ci -3< CM CI CI — « CI CI CI cf CM Cl CM CM © © © o © © co co co co co co co ■ co ci co co ■ co — co •O iO >-i oo 8 s - ; r - S 8 O O O iO o © >5 ifl x io |3 -sd^S DO CO a 03 — 1 1'= =3 O ti-s-3- _s a j, o — X J X — _ — a a 5 . 2 jfl 3 a 0 .i _cS -S Of ( p. s ? 3 S 0 OS 09 x a — w ^ x — 55 §^ 60 B a P-^ p w . 4) x x > > x :£ " o o o T3 60 g .23 a> w o 5 {L, ^_i_a' est W d a « «5 83 w CO E£Q ' ■- H Or 02.3.-- S3 c « - 3 2a -J" H — 53 ^ « u a 3 O O - 5 > 13 S .2 3 - ',9 93 5 . a MEM *~ a |u — w — - — HH 1 Z' a IX LAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 « S3 us x a £ 3 w Is M ►J o co — o -co t~ CO CM CN CN — ' '©©©© O O30 o ; _ O — — — ~ © — 110 8 ci .'■ © © o © CN CN CN CN o C) CN o © © ■ • © CN CN CN © © 1*3 CN >C CN § S? © CN • • 2,200 2,200/ 0,600 2,200 2,400 3,000 1,040 2,200 1,000 2,400 2,200 "5 M ' — r. op © l~ o © © © CO © — © 55 :/: © 10 — • --i CO © co CN CN CN CN 2 >> Eco Si © CO © © ■ © © □ © © A - • ; r. 5? >> P- co co co i-i © 00 © CO o © © i-i -fMtSOiO 03 « m © © CO CO pa CQcO J "3 2 i l 1 CO Q&, C : ^ t- - -s i- 2 5- WPh* ■ ,2 op . ' -° c -s .> o S op B ^ S^S-- * P-iP-iPjcO •73 0/ C3 31 II .2 a B op~ 3 * § -a < ; o> cu — — CO CO •§ * 3 y — 3 bOS ^ ■S & " • M co H ^ W d 3 ^ P o O dPh" ^ CO* -S3 -U^-' CP CP < papa pao . o > 02 p. O • SH a.°.8 ^"C3 * S c OQfe OP 3 _C a CP-O 21 "C t» Q Sherbrc Concl .s o CS >> . 2* CO ELECTRICITY IS 8PECTI0N 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 ia a m 2JS • co -s in > -r so ) --5 — 'i — / — -f O ■"»• ■coo — — ?i o — ~ ~ Q OOOO: © 0«I«5N( © OO © i o g o o o o -J CO CO CO o o 35 © CO © o o o o o o «s © :o © co co oi co co co •-'co coco -r — — CO 00 « LO -a-a a> a. as c3 c3 •O 43 CD cd p 3 J 43 (In &h ^ 43 £-8 3 "§ a a - t- 3 t. t. CD > CD W o DO CO 5 5^ g s > c3 £ S 3 - & 3 ^ GO £0> . O 8'? £ O 0) « fi =3-Q 03 CD O 3 -3 fflffl .si O fjj 3 u Me _, O* ^ O o a) « 8:43 m 2 c o3 o a; £ c3 c J2 3 a) M > 03 03 7i ~ Z 2 i-l o 6 | ? * e O O 03 aj O o t> - CD o « Jo -§ ^■§W3 . § .2 > «-2 ■J pu, .S o go 5 "-3 O u-0 CO >> a> B o J3 — ; v c B 3 1) O , i t- -a X o -a >>-§U >. o o o 2 & .2 M" j 8.2 t. A 6.2 H -Si "O c 03 >> >> 0) I 1| I II S - c CS . >, S3 .SoO.2 of 5^ — CD _ — w - i ^3 s^ .5 £ ^ _3 - - 03O, is = cj s s s o o o t. U tH CD CD CD ^ -s -s o o o O U CD WWW 6 6 6 L- - 1h >.>>>» - - - 5 H ffl 56 IXLAXD REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 r. x IS — •>*>— i- so • ©©ssoosoooc© f _ CO — ~ L.O — CO .-I — — ■ ©coo© ©©©©©©©©© CO CO Ut CO LO (M(M-tM?JC-C: C) C) 'C CO iC^(M CO CO *< so co co co so so co pooo © t~ o © u o _ -- c r. SO SO o — s - rl? CO CO CO CO • CO CO r_ -t^ — £0£££E fa: I E OrG -t=> h X o ::- Mai C ft >. >> c o fafa W faSfatf fa 8 2 I . c op : O O O L L O — c o — •P4P4-J3 Boom ■ ^ -E '5 ~ s: ~- - « £f C o C 3 - c — — o = m fa — - 3 n7 i c x C9 O 'C — iSiS ~ E orc~z - ES ® >> E dq w s c_ C O 3 n fa S E S o o o o fa =.°fafa — -r — _• "r n r - .y Is A-g-g 6 it '.■ST' £ S 5 X, t«fa SC ej - fa 5 = i3 o « C c * S o-- s= c ► ^03 CO •2 5^ : to 1-s o o -.2 & .S m -2 .£s • g .3 ss 6 o "3 l-Oj ^ C t- ft c. p- 3 a s a — a ELECTRI0IT1 INSPECTION 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 o: oo CI >C c\ t-~ I- © i— © — — . cm ic © ©if oo m i-H l/D ,— •<»< ■ oo -h © io -r — « C © © CI CO © CJ © CM < — i i-i © —i CM -H i—l i— I -H i—l © © CI ON CI NM -h i-i -H CM CM i-l i— ' i— I i-H N. rt rt H CI i-l -H -H 550 550 220 220 220 550 220 220 220 220/5.50 220 ©oo© OOO C1COOO©©©©© io m cj ci © — ci —i © ci m \ © © \© io © -r us 10 ci cm ci — cm — ci ci >.-: o c i c; c i © ci m © -\ - lO -CI - C4 - - ^ IC1 © CM i-1 CI CI CI CI CI © © CI © CI CM CM 13,500 4,000 2,400 ,2,200 26,000 2,400 2,300 2,400 2,200 2,200 6,600 2,200 2,400 2,400 2,400 2,400 13,200 2,200 2,200 12,000 2,200 IC iC lO © CJ CI IM © co co co co i— 1 co co CO CO CO CO . — 2 -V % oj >, c3 £ ffi £ -a -a >i 33 03 •/: - >> >> 33 >i ffl CO B OQ 0J '- '5 e c c = 33 *3 C OO Sec g = a US | 5 c3 33 c3 33 33 © .T5 t ^ x x x x ~ ?■ s •5 CS c3 H o c3 E— > o OPh c3 C = 33 . o ! uQ to >. ZD S *-3 "5 — /. — -OS > -a c C B a 3 3 P-QQ II ~ P* 3 Ph ■ 03 ® i O O H :.2.2 c3 'to O O S^i KM w .2 M 3^ O o . O a j J. _ ojH 6 > O h oa 3 S 03 coP-c 2 ^ 33H O oB CQ CO ■a s o E — P H O 6^ -5 £ g 8£ a h u i5 S i = 33 -' ' ■r w _w 1 5^ — — S S c v Ph ^ a >2^.2 * gj Z O X INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 u K 9 — — • ■ — 3 -r ri © -r oo -co o o o © — CI — > — CI >-i O O © O © O 3 iO « f 1 M O O CI «-o oi ci ci *r © N © © oso — CI — _ — ©©©©©©©© OOlQOIOOn US US C 1 CI us s 75 ©©©©© ©©© ©©©©o ©©© © © CI CI © © CI C) — CI -fcqciCJCj -r cc cc • .->--:©'-": ci cj © ci © © us CO CO CO CO *— 1 m co co -h ^X - 6 ; 6 • 6 t3 : >> ■ >> • >> ffl : a :W III > B - : — - ~ 2.13 S 0 — — S3 at o CD 0) c ( 'at liar "3 □ to o 2 - z 0 o co "2 3 Cfi "3 Lig MHO, -3 =3 HZ t, 0) _5 _i - - - jo; § ,2 5 = = __ - C l-M : 9 C OB " "3l< S3 0-C M •5 05 2 03 y q — '■' 'JB-3 g I 8-S"S 03 ?5 C3 £ pJJ § _P~ 71 ^. L »3 — EC Oca o - g I- T3 O 3 2 X o •2 J 5 £"= -3 -2 EC£ C3CL , ■ : >> j i-l ,15 "S "So CO 6 >> m B £ £ , > *-g . ' ffl PP 40 C Ont O a doi C ® ejO a ELECTRICITY I \ 8PECTI0 \ 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 t- o ci «o o 01 o 01 ci i- co — « toao -r — dp — jo — e — O I O 5 f C - 0011 i— i eo — < in 00 CI — 88 ji i- SO CI »H — CI • OS — oooo ooooo o o o O 0«-0 000000 C O O O O ■ ooo ooooo oo ■ CI CI -*< CllO CI CI CI i.O CI CN (M tji NiCflMCI iflM oooo ci o m o O O -TO oooo o o NO O O rn^MM O 4J gO-§CGgcn1«1,C0.H QQ Q tq a Pu Sf >> .J >>)V~ IX LAX D REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 CO H Is NOCO C5 CM -MM co 10 IC C N 1^ O o C5 — C CO —i CN CN CM — 4 t-i co JO ■ o y. -r r. O 00 o c c © © o o © o o o o © © © © © CM © -H o ©©© o© ©©©© 40 IC3 iC IjQ CM »C iO »C »C ic ic *o *o »c cm to ic »n >o o CM lO «S - - > o © © © © c: © © © o ©©©©©© © © © So © CM (CM CM CM CM —i no cireMc-ic-i" o ?o u - ~ fa = « IO iC ic »o 10 »o > 33 3333 >, ci 33 r£ „ fc- - -4 . - ci g"a >. >i >, >. >. ~ P X 33 33 33 33 S x 33 >>_Cj >> r>i 33 oq 33 33 co *? : -5 33 33 ^ 33 ci ci SX -II — 93 «) ei fa fa facg C -3 o o xxx x H H ci ci' +i +i •ti -w > 0) e 2 cu « -go ^ £ M ±i gt3 to "3 s s 45.2 .3 B= £ £ sS M fa .2 flg fa -J O O ci 0 cu fa X -fi CU |3S o > "S 0 fa in >>' 33fa E • * E fa _ u X 0) _ g cu to fr! cu cu MA° -C"2 * H > x B S3 I c c w c m oq r£3 0 2.2 S'C ci_5 .-S.-Sfa^ =fa fafa£33faH 0-B 0 +J □ T3 33 -=4^3 S : 2fa 2 :Ooc j;X 0 cu x=o 33H 33 ^fa ciX cifa — •> ci S -S cu _cu «X ci g> & Sx KLECTRWITY I SsPECTION 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 5: -0 CI — CO — »0 C) "O >0 30 >-< 00 -co t ia o © g©©©© o © 05 • ©©© ©© 22 — o © — — 82 II 000 T? O ^ co i~ CI — 1^ oocc iS © SO 01 10 CO CI CI > cj S - r. £ & «S ^ ^? ^ c3 c3 r3 c3 c3 ej GOO +i -*3 Hi C3c3^^c3c3->c3 £££ £££ & INLAND R E I /:.Yt ES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 a « n h fa ^ o o: c a i c c o © © CO © © o © © c © © ?l ?1 ?l — C Cl C ■ C p *" C: "T CO "* CO Q O O O CM ■* CM itN H" CM «0 CM CM C CM CM CI © © © © oo5o cm cm co I .a p JO) 6j CO S3 >' 2.x O O © lo CO CO CM CO co co co co © © © © © oc © US CO © — CM © —I — I c3 o3 03 • £ft^ -rt "d m to 03 — o u 3 ft eo gffl — c3 EG O fa 03 Si3 c3 ft S3 03 o3-C o £ — — faS S r1 'Ji J- ZC-x ft s rr oft x 0 3S 3 c3 0J O 7. X X co co co co - in Tj ;T3 ' c o += cfa O_o •gift's £fafa * ISO H fa c^ i-3 o eft GZ '£ 9-"5c f H d ■ J, O 6 « £ ^jflft fa 2 o t3 a o3 ° ft ^3 >- ft _ft ■ w rPft fax o« o e ^ O += u ?* I o fa ft ft fa" S1^ >- ,5^ o ^ i -g ci ft ^ fa faS < £ £fa o o ,r -fa 6h £^ 111 ftft I fa-cfa !"i fa o o o . WHO "T.S o3 o3-§C . -£ o cO c3S t- >- >i o - 0 ° fa ■2 -2 ^ 1 '8 -S Oo8 t>! K A «0 !- O oft oft > 3 ■ XI E /. E( 1TRW1TY INS PFCTIOX 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 •-a o o cog ecoccooec^reo o o c © e o coo coco c c c c 8§§§8 111 II 3 I II II I** I I 3838 mil i mi mMMmm i i ii §§ iij nil ssss SSSSS ra SSS iSSSSSSSgSSS -S 3 22 22 g§8 SSSS 8338 8* 1 mill I ii 1 ill ill mi EH — - Um f! Ill lllllMlilllMII^ MJifNIi!! ttftli III ill f n 66 tl — 3 J Ji ° 1'' ill t , 1 if I! ill lit? II. miiii lit isfi.i s is n iii iiiiipi INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 - k S * — o os a — r— CO o > " 3 v: -r ■S 01 co M --o 01 01 -co ocooo o CO-* ceoc ooo 01 01 — — — — — — — oc >-o c5 ao coco to ■«** cc • OOOCl t. g s d . ®tJ ci 5 - >■ » as £B5 -J s 2 P3 '3 . © © © © © © OCO © S IC © o © © © © co to airs 01 © co <3p3 .3 a as Si as C3 >> 53 Ph S ^ 03 +J O C3 6 6 6 u -d -d -3 >> >> >5 -a W — 5 g g 6 Q 2*3 cjt3 5 fc, >, aj >>o IX X m X -x " - J: c u u sis s s as as -g ^< ci 5 3 3 ^ • S o 0 as S^35 0T3 > > — " - - cX tL 5 B S c3 cars c s o g e >» > <- > ca c '3-3 3 Mo oat. — . ai +i ^3 -d 0 +J » Z 9 g as N"0 S3 «= "£ *3 — ^ •Sfl 1 cs 3 • 03 O b PhQ 5 " o d o as c > _ - f-. P b f > cs'S cs >> 2 -§.2:5 m.2-"5"3 03 v-« 03 CU S |gc2 y y u - w ' u/- OHU O OS as 3 — — zi a) 3 0 as +2 CS J2 53 U HW cs .2 * Occ 9 = SO ELECTRICITY INSPECTION 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 co m oo co to — a: t- S 8i © © if? ci co m © © io in. CO — ' O K '/j - < — GO io ^ ,h ic. — ci —< o oo >n io c> in oo >n ■«»• — T CI f I- 228 3MM9 » in * S 00 00 © © © o © © in © cm ~< »-n-< © © © -f © io i-< i-H CO © — I i— I 1-H ©CM 1H i— 1 •— I CI o >o © CO © © © co t~~- io co >n © ~h io CJ CI CI CO m © m >n t-~ © © © CO© © t^. CO © ID. IO — I U0 r-l TJ< ChPh 2 h b £ 2 >> 33 03 g >) w ^ ^ £ in o a o h g h t3 o3T3 >> o >> oo 3 eg e3 ShO £ g o3 £ o3 3 ^ j W Ph EC Ph 5: Oh •£ : s 1 1 1 § «' § ' - * - - £ £ EC DO 3 = ^ S < £ uiuiwm'&xh w w 66 fin b C j£ si w 5 >•£ 5~ o oco oooo 03 !S iHHE w M 03 3 o o 5 o o o tSq 000000*-«=3 t3 _o •h c 3-£ 2 » c c3 o3 4> O fcj CO CO CQ 6 5-5 Si £ &S 8- .13 « .2 T3 3 M ^ =3 « 13—5 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 3 H pa h | I 2a cm cm co co cm 10 © »o la o IS «5 ci o cm ^ CM CO — PH CM Ol — I r-< — CO -f 1~ © tOOO CO © © CM © —« ceomci — <— co co CO — — I o o o © © © © 8«3©©iC©-*©© — O © Q - cj o *» -S3 ° Oo»n©*#-t<©'tO SrtCaiOOO (NHNOCNNCOC5«C1 lO © iC K5 iO © iO © © © © © © CM O iOL"MO rH i-H -ClrtO 5 c3-^3 o3 O&hOOOSO . s 72 Ci ssiiss- s all s 05 oo 2| oq w • » s s £ ci £. O cj c3 > 3i-M g -13 g i-3 ' cs o o - > ~ «3 O-^ o3 ,0 O o +? O cj C - - - u - ^rnaoo 5 ace oQ .Sties . J£ l~ CO t* £ 09 03 03 cc o 2 HWWWfeO gH 6 CJD o c §^ '-2 3 o g« >» O ^ c o O c -is Si-] - r^i ra fl © >C 00 00 CI o © «<»" © CO © © i- oi © IS © -r 01 m © co -f" © © -r ci © co -r Cl © Cl 01 Cl • t— IC _i . ci ■ © ! o iH • • © • • CO • • os co ■ © . . 00 • • -co . «-H IN • rH CO © CO © © © © -<© 1C © © © lO © ©J ©© ©©m©o c© ©.©© ©©©©©©© ©©©©© © © © © - £M CI -< 1(3 CI — CIOO -H CI CI — "5 CI <— CI CI CO o © © © — 1 © CI CI -h ci ci ci 89 CI —I © © © © © •o CI CI Cl — lO CI CI CI CI 2-2 ° © — CI © o © >o © © © © CI © CO CO CI — < CI © © © © © © © © © CI CO CI ■*)< Cl — < co co — ci co C> CI CI Cl" © © © ©© © i-h ci ci ci co © c" © © © © © ©.© 25 ©©©•©© © © CO Cl CO CM Cl Cl Cl" Cl Cl" Cl" Cl" Cl Cl* CO© QQ o© 0 Q © © o p o © Q I © © © < '~Z — ' CO CO CO -co co co • co co CO CO CO CO CO CO CO Cl CO coco oo © ci io © © © © I— Cl © © 8*3 IS 8 cc © © © © " U3 © — © 00 "5 ) Cl <-> Cl — ( — t- a s o3a eir3 « OOOOk OCx 83 03 ^ OOm cc S3 J Mn3 §, Ox cx CO e3 ®7Z7Z c3 r^r^ OxOOO CO a o3 d ■ : x w x x x x x x x g 005 szc 0 s x u C Cu ® £3 ft m 3 03 03 O HI 32 O 03 g - '.- 73 . "3 ~ o ° "3 § 25 pj — x x Er g X!C m m 03 £) mm a z j- S 03 03 CJ ~ a o O 2 - cu O a C C a-f.2 . Ojg-g 3 o ti «2 S a -5 i; 53 fe^ os g o3 c3 -= 0 ■ x 1- 03 © 3 >J2C s .2 : 3 s> Ct5 — ^ ? - : St^W 3 0^ a « b 2 !g 3 "S - _ i - = 1 5?c^ ^ c "3 5 -3 3 « ecu c# H s - 5 - O/P* oh o cd os c; = 03 is ^ J> W o • bC u ■— I- •a 0 oH 1 " §5 .Sf.2 j Is 3 S ^-PJ s S O c3 a « « •2S3 ^2^0 O £ c e : ; : — = - 50 > gE| O _ = S«s. :0 "5"S r: r. . - CU K >> J3 - u O 0 >> oj Meg ill ' S s-9 i-o m ST3 £- 2^5 S ■ , 03 S"3 o3 J INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 o . ft a = - S H 2S .9 — OS CO O CO lO 0 o 01 CI CI rH CI II o o o o o ci .-i — < — < OO CO OO © O © © © © © o CI O — ' C} © o _i « CM h (M o © o © CI IO CI CI CI CI CI CI "5 m Eh 03 M N M CC IM ci ci ci ci © © © O CI o o o K3 o » a«3 ©__•©©©_.•©© ©wcO©©o©© G P co • co co co CO CO CO CO co co ci ■ co co S§5 c OiOifl o o OMN O —> 00 I — i — mo o o cc >o to oo n« — I 1QOOOOOOU3 t- ia o o co «? »-o ci Cl-HO I C m q, m ffl 1° o o U o r . O" ope, o -•sJ -Pi 3 ° « .".-^^.ri: cj =1 0 .2 o 'Es cc 1 -- ? •2 c SO. 0 ELECTRICITY INSPECTION 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 2 3 o © © o © © © © i -m" ol P Q co co co cn t-h co co co c-i co co co © Hi >C © ONI"* CM CM f» i— I •-I CM © 03 I - — — ja :s 03 o3 03 o2 o> aj «j 0) " " x x x x SI a £ f-j o3 g r~ F 03 5: O & co S 6 S CO CO CO s s c3 03 v cu o3 £ S si * si 03 « - t 05 S> co>>£ =3 ^ O 13 T3 3) C3 d> o> go £ - .2 O O 03 4> WW W S ^ o .SP 03 _«_; o o o e g p P 14 §1 « be fc. J3 - o cu .J in 1—1 CO 1 O 3 ■ e - ; « s W .2 o co ~ hi "73 c o3 +» 2 ? c-; 03 CQ o Pi-1 go 3 o o -T3 E ! += «v ; •— ' "co : 6^ O e > +3 03 !.« a os o CO ^ 03 I 5 o 3" m M r! CJ-rt 0; ^ cs1^ 03 i-J *2 «- 3 ^.sp - J 2^ 2 o o £P>3 >> i— 1 0> >-J 03 Q Q >,£ .13 > ^_ CS O 03 •2 % u Hi OJ CT3 0 Sj oO T3 \ OJ O ~ 9 O M S? ^3 o ^>>B - g.-g o 0-7 o. 2u 20 so O O WW O g O ? — O 03 O 03 . u. >> O 60 ■aO 03 09 2-5 = - 4) 4) *i INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. t~ COWOP! g « 9 i-3 1 91 £ Ol «o o o ©00 CO © © 2°222 §52 2 ooo O O I o © o •-H — < (M «C "3 t-i i—i n >o i-l CM i-i © © ci co ^ 03:^ — ^03 T3~a ■ _ . « a> ; *d u. r-« ^ . C co c3 c3 . _ CO O O J3 § & 9 O OhO-S 3 3 £7 Cv >>d oOPi J) «2 u u t3 b c.S.S e .» oj 5 in £ 2 CUOh 05 OS o 0.2 o £ O 02 O OS > CJ 03 3d .2 Oh 03 _ o3 o o o O O & 3 o a? t," 03 <1> r1? MO &a§o« oos ■d* a S -is rt -2 « fe « a R3 vi s — 03 03"eSS''^S«O £ OOCmOhOh PhOh ^ 03 OS OS CO r/} 03 S O a> go co >>• . o >,TJO ooo W CO *Z B co ■s.a as O o-o C i_ oo - o) -j3 o HQ = c: 3.2 i'ii §cH ELECTRICITY INSPECTION 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 13 CO (OQM « Q »f m >o 0> -t* MOB hMhuhw ■4* t-i -f t» i-< CO CO .-< CO • -»> to CO o o ooo o o o © © © o o o o o OOO rH O CNJ CN CO «-< CO ooo iHia HHO i-I l-H - 03 S ■ ■S.cSS ill! ilill OcO^ CO O P-i GO Ph Ph J 83 £ S 2- 2 'C < w +j f t« v +a c g o to _o _u > Ph > CO >> > > > 4 0 03 i3 vis -i — — W 6-0 : Ei • o . "SpH-d 8Lr 03 go.. &u «"Sp3 2 O O - c3 — ~ 5 /' S s o O s 3 S3 r 0-3 c o 5* a ^ ^ s !> ^ 1 — o i « o Oi I— I of w p S5 w t> w o S5 <: •J S5 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 19 REPORTS, RETURNS, AND STATISTICS OP THE INLAND REVENUES OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31 1917 PART III ADULTERATION OF FOOD PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA J. pe LABROQUERIE TACHE PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1917 No. 14—1917.] 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. '913 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page. Deputy Minister's Report v Chief Analyst's Report . : vi Bulletin No. 338— Sausages 1 Bulletin No. 339— Sweet Spirit of Nitre 2 Bulletin No. 340— Ground Coffee 4 Bulletin No. 341 — Household Ammonia 5 Bulletin No. 342— Liquid Extract of Nux Vomica ... ('. Bulletin No. 343— Sugar 8 Bulletin No. 344— Spirit of Camphor ! . . . . 9 Bulletin No. 345— Evaporated Milk 10 Bulletin No. 346-Chocolate Candy 11 Bulletin No. 347— Fertilizers for 1916 12 Bulletin No. 348— Maple Syrup 13 Bulletin No. 349 -Mace 13 Bulletin No. 350- Feed Flour 25 Bulletin No. 351— Bay Rum, Florida Water, etc 27 Bulletin No. 352— Evaporated Fruits and Vegetables 27 Bulletin No. 353— Temperance Beer 29 Bulletin No. 354— Gluten Flour 32 Bulletin No. 355— Bran 34 Bulletin No- 356— Aspirin Tablets 36 Bulletin No. 357— Canned Tomatoes 36 Bulletin No. 358— Cassia 41 Bulletin No. 359— Tea .." 43 Bulletin No. 360— Baking Powder 52 Bulletin No. 361— Prepared Mustard 55 Bulletin No. 362— Gasoline 5S Bulletin No. 363— Malt Extract for Bakers' Use 69 Bulletin No. 364— Malt Vinegar 71 Bulletin No. 365— Caramels 72 Bulletin No. 366— Canned Peas 74 Bulletin No. 367— Edible Gelatin 75 Bulletin No. 368— Ketchup 77 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 1918 REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER OF INLAND REVENUE. Ottawa, July 1^ 1917. To the Honourable Albert Sevigny, Minister of Inland Revenue, Ottawa, Out. Honourable Sir, — I have the honour to herewith submit to you a report of the work performed by the Laboratory of the Inland Revenue Department during the fiscal year ending on the 31st of March, 1917. This report is prefaced by a review from the Chief Analyst of the work per- formed by the Laboratory staff "during the fiscal year. It is unnecessary, therefore, for me to go into the matter therein referred to. The Laboratory of the Department of Inland Revenue is gradually assuming its proper place amongst the services instituted by the Government for the protection of the public. The establishment of three branches, at Halifax, Winnipeg, and Vancou- ver respectively, has already proven the importance of this development in both facili- tating and expediting the work of the Department, which has shown in many instances to have been a very great advantage to the public in general, and to trade in parti- cular. The department has, at present, under consideration, the extension of its mailing list, so that a greater public good may be derived from the publication of the bulletins through a wider dissemination of information of great interest to the business world and to the consuming world. In this year's report, the department has determined to eliminate from the bulletins reproduced herein, the list of samples which usually accompanies the bulle- tins. This was done for purposes of economy, as there is no practical advantage in reproducing these lists of samples, when they have already been published with the bulletins and widely circulated throughout the year. In conclusion, I may say that we have tangible evidence that both the honest business man, who happily forms the vast majority of our trade, and the people, are appreciating more and more the excellent work performed by Dr. McGill and his assistants. I have the honour to be, Honourable Sir, Yours very truly, J. U. VINCENT, Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue. vi iyr.AXD REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 REPORT OF THE CHIEF ANALYST. Ottawa, June 21, 1917. J. U. Vincent, Esq., K.C., Deputy Minister of Inland Revemie, Ottawa, Ont. Dear Sir, — I beg to submit herewith a report of the work done in the laboratories of the Inland Revenue Department during the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1917. In my report of last year I referred to the satisfactory working of the sub-labora- tories at Halifax, Winnipeg and Vancouver. I am pleased to be able to state that another year's experience goes to justify the step taken in the establishment of these local branches of the main laboratory. They have been found to do good service in many ways, and especially in enabling local work to be performed with less delay than formerly. I expressed a hope that further extensions might be found feasible in the near future, and particularly in the larger manufacturing and commercial centres. Although the demands made upon the national revenues at the present time are such as, for the moment, to necessitate retrenchment wherever possible, I am convinced that one notable outcome of the present war will be the successful development of manu- factures heretofore regarded as too well established in the older countries to make hopeful any considerable rivalry on the part of Canada. This will, of course, involve largely increased work for our laboratories, where foods, drugs, or fertilizers are con- cerned, as well .as in cases where alcohol, either as such, or suitably denatured, is per- mitted to be used, duty free or under specially privileged condition. Halifax sub-laboratory. — This has been in charge of Mr. C. C. Forward, with Mr. A. J. Landry as assistant. ADULTERATION OF FOOD Vll 1ESSI0NAL PAPER No. 14 The subjoined statement gives, in concise form, the work done during tins year. No. of Samples Received. ei>orte 4 23 29 41 4 23 8 8 2 3 2 5 93 93 40 4o 33 33 34 34 60 60 30 30. 30 30 30 30 3D 39 39 39 14 14 15 15 20 20 20 20 20 20 5 5 35 27 66 60 8 20 787 625 111 111 37 37 935 773 Description. Canned tomatoes, 1916. Temperance beer Bran .... Florida water, etc Gluten meal or flour. . . Aspirin Fertilizers Maple syrup Gelatine Feed flour Tea Prepared mustard Vanilla extract Malt vinegar Canned peas Baking powder White lead paint, 1917 Packaged borax Caramels Headache powders. . . . Ketchup Cream of tartar Butter Chop feed Evaporated fruit Black pepper Peanut butter Fertilizers Malt liquors for export — Excise. Special samples as follows : — 19 alcohol tests in beer, etc. 10 fertilizer materials. 4 cream. 1 flour. 1 evaporated apples. 1 boiler feed water. 1 cream of tartar. Date of report to Chief Analyst. April 24 and May 20. ii 24 .. 20. ii 24 ii 24. ii 24. ,. 24. 24. 22 and July 18. 18. 24. 19. 4. 22. 12. 11. 25. 17. 6, 1917. .. 6. 1 1 6. ii 6. 6. Mar. 31. May July Aug. July Aug. Oct. Sept. Oct. Tan. Total number of samples received Number received before March 31, 1916, reported. Total number samples reported Work in hand, March 31, 1917, not reported 935 54 773 196 Soda solution supplied to Collector I. R. St. John, N.B., 1 Winchester. Fees collected for analysis of special samples above mentioned and sent to Department, $106.25. Winnipeg sub-laboraiory — Has been in charge of Mr. E. L. C. Foster during the ear, with Mr. W. A. Davidson as assistant. Mr. Forster's report is as follows : — anned tomatoes. , em pe ranee beers ay rum ertilizers lorida waters. . . 30 1!) 10 42 10 ran 20 eed flour 18 luten flouis 3 elatine 17 faple syrup 25 repared mustard 15 ea 129 anilla extract 15 anned peas 49 Malt vinegar 20 Baking powders 50 Borax ... 10 Marmalade .... 20 Ketchup 15 Caramels 15 White paint 8 Headache powders 15 Black pepper .... 60 Chop feed 38 Evaporated fruits 52 Butter : 39 Inspectors' samples. 144 viii INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 and the following forty-seven occasional samples: Butter 12 Evaporated apples 20 Milk 2 Beer 3 Cream of tartar 1 Wine 2 Baking powder 1 Vanilla extract 1 Cream 4 Buttermilk 1 Total 791 The following excise solutions were also furnished: — Normal soda solution 34 Winchesters. Normal sulphuric acid 1 4-oz. bottle. Phenolphthalein solution 5 bottles. Vancouver sub-laboratory — Has been in charge of Mr. J. A. Dawson during the year, with Mr. P. T. Kirwan as assistant until 31st May, 191G, when he resigned. Mr. I\ C. Collier was sent out as assistant, July 1, 1916. Mr. Dawson's report of work done is as follows: — Date. 1916. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Collection. 21 Coffee. 2 Cream of tartar sub's . 9 Vinegar. 18 Sugar II 'Fertilizers 17 Chocolate 22 ] Evaporated fruit. . . . 14 Cassia and cinnamon. Jan. Feb. Mar. 1917. 5. 15. 20 14 15. 3. 13. 14. 28. Maple syrup . . . Tomatoes , Temperance beer . Toilet lotions Gluten flour Feed flour Vanilla extract . . . Bran Gelatine Prepared mustard Tea..... Malt vinegar .... Marmalade White lead Borax Catsup Caramels Peanut butter Headache powders. Butter Evaporated fruit.. Chop feed Black pepper Special samples . P.T.K. 49 52 52 F.C.C. 40 27 29 3 8 24 20 20 10 31 45 267 14 I'Sl J.A.D. 80 35 32 22 6 in 10 11' 10 20 ' 8 in 10 :!ii 34 3^1 4 3i 5 Total. 80 3 22 49 35 32 40 22 27 29 6 10 3 8 10 24 12 10 20 20 20 5 10 10 5 10 30 34 31 45 670 58 728 ADULTERATION OF FOOD ix SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 The following solutions were supplied: 3 Winchesters of normal soda, one bottle N HjSO^ and one bottle phenolphthalein. The special samples were evaporated apples (Customs) 45, evaporated vegetables 7, vinegar 3, honey 1, sugar 1, arsenic 1. The personnel of the technical staff of these laboratories, including the sub-labor- atories is as follows: — Title. At Ottawa . At Halifax. . . At Winnipeg. At Vancouver 1 Chief Analyst. . 2 Deputy n 3 First Assistant. 4 Second « 5 Third 6 Fourth .. 7 l ifch 8 Sixth „ 9 Seventh h 10 Eighth 1± Ninth J 2 Tenth ! Eleventh ■■ i 1 Twelfth ,i 15 Laboratory Asst ] 6 In charge .7 Assistant 18 In charge 19 Assistant 20 In charge 21 Assistant 31st March, 1916, A. McGill A. Lemoine A. Valin V. Kitto S. J. Cook F. C. Collier. ... L. E. Westman. Vacant Miss Wright C. C. Forward . . . A. J. Landry E. L. C. Forster . W. A. Davidson. J. A. Dawson. . . . P. T. Kirwan. . . . 31?t March, 1911 A. McGill. A. Lcmoine. A. Valin. V. Kitto. S. J. Cook. F. C. Collier (a). L. E. Westman (b). G. H. Brother (c). M. Brot (d). R. M. Rowat (e). G. E. Grattan (f) J. A. Gunton (g). W. H. Hill (h). O. G. Lye (k). Miss Wright. C. C. Forward. A. J. Landry. E. L. C. Forster. W. A. Davidson. J. A. Dawson. F. C. Collier (a). (a) Transferred to Vancouver, 30th June, 1916. (b) Absent, on lea- e, at Columbia University, from 1st November, 1916. (c) From 25th May to Sept. 14th, 1916. Absent, on leave, at Toronto University, from Sept. 14th. (d) From 1st June, 1916, to Dec. 31st. Absent, on leave, for munition work in France from Tatter date. (e) From 8th August, 1916. f) From 15th January, 1917. (g) From 13th January, 1917. (h) „ ' „ (k) From 10th February, 1917. It will tin" be seen that the technical staff at the main laboratory at Ottawa com- prised 5 analysts for the entire year; in addition to which we had: — Mr. Rowat for 8 months. Mr. Westman, Mr. Brot for 3 months, Mr. Collier, Mr. Brother for 3 months, Mr. Gratton, Mr. Gunton and Mr. Hill for 2£ months and Mr. Lye'for 2 months. Vacancies noted in my last report have now been filled and the Ottawa staff, as at present constituted, is very satisfactory. In addition to the above, Mr. S. Mirsky has been employed since 8th January, 1917, as laboratory assistant. The following work has been done during the fiscal year; results being published as usual, in ^he form of bulletins. Br i a _ T, c X INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Annual Report — Fiscal Year 1916-17. Subject Bulletins issued. Sausages Sweet spirit of nitre < Jround coffee.. Household ammonia Liquid extract of mix vomica. Sugar and icing sugar Spirit of camphor Evaporated milk Chocolate candy I ertilizers for 1916 Maple syrup Mace • Feed flour Bay rum, Florida water, etc. , Evaporated fruits and vege tables Temperance beer Number of samples. Ill 85 407 162 19 251 168 73 151 365 162 175 170 75 180 129 Number of Bulletin. 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 3C5 366 367 368 Subject Bulletins Issued. Gluten flour. Bran Aspirin tablets Canned tomatoes Cassia Tea.. Baking powder Prepared mustard Gasolene Malt extract for bakers' use Malt vinegar Caramels Canned peas Gelatin Ketchup Total number of samples . In addition to the above, the following occasional work has been done and reported to the department in the regular correspondence:— Acetic acid 52 Acetophen 1 Ale..... 5 Ammonium niti-ate . 1 Aspirin 1 Baking powder 1 Barley 1 Basic slag 2 Beer 48 Belladona 1 Benzol 12 Bordeaux mixture 1 Bran ....... I Butcer .... 30 Butter substitutes 2 Cake powder 1 Calf meal 2 Canned strawberries 1 Cheese 11 Cherry brandy 1 Chloroform 5 Cider 1 Cloth 2 Cloves ■•• 8 Coffee 16 Condensed milk 1 Cooking compound 1 Cotton seed meal 1 Cream of tartar 5 Cream of tartar substitute 1 Creola 1 Cresylone 1 Crude oil 1 Disinfectants 4 Diastase 1 Dried distillers' grains 1 Epsom salts 3 Ether 2 Evaporated apples 17 Evaporated milk 7 Extract lemon 2 Feeds. 4 Fertilizers 10 Flour 1 Formin tablets 1 Fusel oil 13 Grape dregs 1 Honey 3 Humus 1 Icing sugar 1 Insecto. . .\ 1 Jam 34 Katalys powder I Lemon extract . 3 Lime juice 2 Lin. saponis 1 Licpior 6 Malt -. 1 Malt extract 6 Malt nutrine ' I Malt vinegar 5 Malted milk 2 Maple sugar 2 Maple syrup 11 Maraschino cherries 1 Marmalade 3 Milk 38 Mineral seal oil 6 Morphia sulphate 1 Morphine tablets 1 Mustard 5 Nature's plant food 1 Nerveline 3 Oil I, Oil cake 1 Olive oil 4 Opium 1 Paint 9 Pastilles calmantcs 1 Peas 1 Peat. • 1 Pectin f.P 1 Pepper 3 Perolin ; i- Port wine 1 Rosin.' 9 ADULTERATION OF FOOD xi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Salve 1 Sausages 11 Screenings 1 Spent ginger 1 Spirits 190 Sprr.cine 1 Sugar 3 Sugar beer. .... 1 Sundries 6 Tea 11 Temperance beer 1 Vinegars tested for excise Solutions supplied — Vanilla extract 2 Vinegar 13 Water 15 Wax 1 Wescol 1 Wine 4 White lead 5 Wood alcohol :\ 1 Grand total 729 205 Normal soda Winchesters 95 ii acid bottles. 8 Phenolphthalein n 7 110 In conformity with a suggestion made last year, and accepted by yourself, I am furnishing, for inclusion in this report, only the introductory prefaces to bulletins published during the year. These prefaces take note of important conclusions reached as the result of work done. The details as to samples examined, specific analytical results, names and addresses of vendors and manufacturers, etc., are given in the bulle- tins themselves; and these are available to any person interested, on application to the Deputy Minister or to myself. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, A. McGILL, Chief Analyst. 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 A. 1918 BULLETIN No. 338 — SAUSAGE 3. Or kwa, 12 April, 1916. SiR, — The present report deals with work done upon oi e hundred and forty-one (141) samples of sausages; mainly with intent to discover th< character of these goods as found in Canada, but also to ascertain whether or not ceitain modes of treatment not permitted to manufacturers who work under government inspection are in use by sausage manufacturers whose establishments are not supervised by the inspectors of the Department of Agriculture. This has particular reference to the use of dyes, and preservatives. It has not been considered necessary to make exhaustive analyses upon all the samples, and the work herein reported may be summarized as follows : — Examined as to Moisture content 60 samples. " " starch content 80 " dyes 141 " " preservatives 30 " " " ash content 20 " " " proteid content 20 " fat content 20 " " " bacterial 9 " Sausages are defined as follows, by Order in Council of 14th October, 1910 (published as O. 931) ; — " 2. Sausage, sausage meat, is a comminuted meat from swine or neat cattle or a mixture of such meats, either fresh, salted, pickled or smoked, with added salt and spices and with or without the addition of edible animal fats, cereals, blood and sugar, or subsequent smoking. It contains no larger amount of water than the meats from which it is prepared contain when in their fresh condition, and not more than ten per cent of its weight of cereals ; and if it bears a name descriptive of kind, composition or origin, it corresponds to such descriptive name. All animal tissues used as containers, such as casings, stomachs, etc., are clean and sound and imps rt to the contents no other substance than salt." fo.dsture (Water) Content. This is required not to exceed the amount of moisture natundto the meats from which it is prepared. In this connection the following const: y possess interest. They are taken from Leach " Food Inspection and Analysis", 2nd I it on, p. 213, et seg. Lt Beef as usually purchased. Chuck. Ribs. Loin. Rump. Round. ^Lean 57-4 52-6 58-2 56-6 64-4] U Medium 57-9 43-8 52-5 45-0 60-7}- Water. Fat 53-3 39-6 49-2 36-2 54>0l Pork as usually purchased. Shoulder. Loin. Ham. Lean 44-9 46 1 59-4J Fat 41 8 33-6^ Water I Of the total water present in sausages, it is generally accepted that the lean sausage meat contributes about 76 per cent the fatty tissue, from 3 to 8 per cent, and the starch or flour from 10 to 15 per cent (Allen Com. Org. Analysis, Vol. VIII, p. 361) 14—1 2 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, V 1918 Konig (Jusammensetjung, etc., p. 1460) quotes 48-24 p.c. water for the mean of many analyses of pork sausages. The results of analysis in the case of the present collection, and so far as water is concerned, are as below : — Average for 10 samples from New Brunswick 48-3 percent. " 10 " . Toronto 51-9 " 10 " Hamilton 49-4 " " 10 " Alberta 43-9 " " 10 • " Rocky Mountains. ... 50-6 " " 10 " Vancouver 43-8 " Average for 60 samples 48-0 percent. Starch Content of Sausages. The standards above quoted require that starch shall not exceed 10 per cent. As a matter of fact, our analytical results show that much less than this amount is usually present. In the case of 80 samples examined, 75 samples contain starch. The average starch content is 3-14 per cent. In greater detail, the results are: — For 10 samples from New Brunswick 7-44 percent. " 10 " Toronto 2-12 " " 9 " Hamilton 1-76 " " 10 " Manitoba 1-68 " " 10 " Saskatchewan 2-09 " " 7 " Alberta 3-89 " " 10 " Rocky Mountains 2-28 " " 9- " Vancouver 4-10 " Mean starch for 75 samples 3-14 " Dyes are present in 13 out of 141 samples examined. Dyed sausages were found as follows: in Montreal 5 samples; in Ottawa 4 samples; in Toronto, 2, and in Hamilton and Windsor, each, 1. BULLETIN No. 339 — SWEET SPIRIT OF NITRE. Ottawa, May 3, lflfl . Sir, — I beg to hand you a report upon eighty-five (85) samples of Sweet! pint of Nitre (Spirittis Aetheris Nitrosi) procured by our inspectors during No oaber and December of last year, in the districts of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. This article has been made the subject of inspection under the Adulti tion Act, on four different occasions, namely in 1891 (Bulletin 23), in 1908 (Bi etin 167), in 1911 (Bulletin 234), and in 1913 (Bulletin 255). I may quote, in this connection, as follows from my introductory letter "A the last named Bulletin. " This important drug has on two former occasions been the subject of inspec- tion, and has always been found to show a high percentage of adulteration; con- sisting not in the addition of foreign matters, but in containing less of the active principle (Ethyl Nitrite) than the standard set by the pharmacopoeia requires. "As has been pointed out in former bulletins, and emphasized by the pfjaSH macopceias, the article is prone to decomposition and, unless kept with special carte, / ADULT ERA'llOX OF FOOD 3 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 will always deteriorate in the hands of the dealer. This fact is so well known to the drug trade that physicians have a right to expect special care on the part of the druggist, who is properly held responsible for the quality of the drugs he dispenses. The following table presents the results of three inspections of Sweet Spirit of Nitre : — Bulletin. Year. Total samples. Geuuine. Adulterated. p. c. p. c. 167 1908 77 37 57 63 234 1911 74 43 255 1913 73 56 44 The minimum amount of Ethyl Nitrite required by the British Pharmacopoeia is e and three-quarters per cent (1-75) by weight. Of the collection now reported, 44. per cent of the samples contain less than this amount ; 30 per cent contain less than 1 per cent of Ethyl Nitrite; 14 per cent contain less than one-half of 1 per cent; while nearly 9 per cent of the samples contain none at all. " Although the names of the' manufacturers, or furnishers as supplied by the vendor, are given in their proper places in the appended table, it is but right to insisr. that responsibility for the quality of Sweet Spirit of Nitre should rest upon the immediate dealer, or vendor of the article. There is no reason to believe that any manufacturer of repute furnishes this drug otherwise than up to standard strength. The name of the manufacturer or furnisher is given in accordance with 8ecti> }il9 of the Act, and not because of any proved negligence on his part. ' 'l ; is abundantly evident, in view of the continued sale of this drug in a con- ditio nn which it seriously handicaps the physician, and imperils the well-being of the i i:ent, that druggists must be made to realize their responsibility in dispensing drug s/hich fail to meet the standard set by the pharmacopoeias. xperiments made by the late Franklin T. Harrison, Public Analyst, proved that veet Spirit of Nitre made according to British Pharmacopoeal directions can kept, without change, for a year, under proper precautions. (See Bulletin No. p. 7.) f this important drug cannot be procured by physicians in such condition as the larmacopoeia requires, it should either be removed from the pharmacopoeia alto,' ther, or physicians must learn to employ it in full knowledge of its doubtful char cter and be prepared for most erratic and uncertain results. ' The fact is that it can be prepared and kept by careful and intelligent drug- gist?, and that this is not done must be regarded as a disgrace to the drug trade, and a very serious menace to the public." The results of the present inspection may be summarized thus : — Samples. Found to meet B.P. requirements 4 " correct as to content of Ethyl Nitrite 31 approximately correct as to Ethyl Nitrite content . . 12 " to contain decided excess of Ethyl Nitrite 19 " to contain marked deficiency of Ethyl Nitrite.. .-. 19 14— H Total 85 INLAND REVENUES ' 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 It is to be noted that the revised pharmacopeia of 1914 makes some slight change in the standard for this drug as below: — 1898. 1914. Method of preparation Unchanged. Ethyl Nitrite in freshly prepared spirit 2-5% 2-66% Specific gravity. . 0-838 to 0-842 Ethyl Nitrite as dispensed: minimum 1-75% 1-52% " " maximum 2-50% 2-66% Since the revised pharmacopoeia of 1914 has but recently come into recognition in Canada, it is fair to interpret the results of analysis in such a way as to conform to either the edition of 1898 or that of 1914. As a matter of fact the differences as far as this drug is concerned are negligible. It will be noted that, in the matter of specific gravity only five (5) samples fall within the limits fixed by the pharmacopoeia. Fifty-four (54) samples have a specific gravity below 0-838 and twenty-six (26) samples have specific gravity above 0-842. The latter are doubtless prepared with weaker alcohol than 90 per cent. Samples (12 in number) which do not deviate more than 0-5 per cent from b^; minimum percentage of Ethyl Nitrite fixed by the pharmacopoeia, I have felt justified in describing as approximately correct, in their Ethyl Nitrite content. Nineteen (19) samples, containing less than this must be described as adi Iter- ated under the Act. The percentage of adulteration is 22, and indicates a very considerable improvement when compared with the results of former inspections. BULLETIN No. 340— GROUND COFFEE. i Ottawa, May 4, 19: Sir, — I beg to hand you a report dealing with four hundred and seven! 107) samples purchased as Coffee in December, January and February last. The results of this inspection may be summarized thus : — Found genuine 341 samples. Passed, as containing less than 10 per cent, foreign matter. . . . 12 Passed as labelled mixtures 16 " Doubtful, for reasons given below 3 " Adulterated under the Act 35 " Total 407 « Five (5) of the samples judged as genuine contain minute amounts of chicorj V other foreign matter; but the amount is too small to be regarded as other than a£.i- dental. Twelve (12) samples containing small amounts, generally much below 10 per cent, of foreign matters, are passed without being adjudged as adulterated. It may be tbat in some of these cases the foreign matter is present accidentally. In a strict inter- pretation of the results of analysis, these samples are undoubtedly adulterated; and it must not be understood that my action prejudices any future decisions in similar cases. Three samples are classed as doubtful. See No. 55434, the fact that the article was a compound, was not stated until the purchase had been made. 1 ,1 hi /// A/.' 1770 V OF FOOD 5 1 SSSIONAL PAPER No. 14 No. 55447 contains both chicory, and roasted grain- The presence of chicory is | do. a red on the label, but no mention of the presence of roasted grain is marie. . The same is true of No. 52326. The percentage of genuine samples in this collection is 83-5, indicating a slight faing off since 1910, when a report upon two hundred and ninety-seven (297) samples slwed 88 per cent, to be genuine. BULLETIN No. 341— HOUSEHOLD AMMONIA. I Ottawa, June 15, 191G. Sir, — Of late years Ammonia has come to be largely in use in the household, as a d;ergent and for the convenience of persons in whose hands the strong solution of aimonia would be attended with danger, manufacturers have placed on the market a d.ute ammonia under the name of Household Ammonia, which finds very extensive sae. For the most part, this article is simply a dilution with water of the strong solu- tion (Liquor Ammoniae Fortis) of the Pharmacopoeia. This latter is required to ccitain 32-5 per cent by weight of Ammonia (NH3). A weaker solution is also defined b; the Pharmacopoeia (Liquor Ammoniae) containing 10 per cent by weight of Ammo- i It may be mentioned here that the Ammonia of the French Codex contains only 2'- 18 per cent and the Aqua Ammoniae Fortior of the United States Pharmacopoeia, 2i per cent by weight of Ammonia. Some market samples of the article contain, in addition to Ammonia, soaps of virions kinds, and other ingredients. In January 1914, Professor J. F. Snell of Macdonald College, presented to the Onadian Section of the Society of Chemical Industry a study of Commercial House- h«ld Ammonia in Canada. (See Journal of the Society, 1914, p. 1177) and recom- nended that a more extended inspection of the articles be made under the Adulteration Ait. Ammonia, considered as a drug, undoubtedly comes under the purview of this Act. Vhile Household Ammonia cannot be described as a drug in the strict sense, it has been thought well, in the interest of the public generally, to examine this article, and tie present report deals with the more or less complete analysis of one hundred and sxty-two (162) samples, purchased by our inspectors as Household Ammonia, in I'ecember, January and February last. Professor Snell reports upon the Analysis of 10 samples of clear ammonias, 5 samples of so-called cloudy Ammonias (containing soaps), and 6 samples of solid iunmonias (essentially carbonate of ammonia) and finds, for the liquid preparations, t.iat " the household Ammonia sells wholesale at from 4 to 14 times the wholesale value of the Ammonia contained in it. The retail price is from 6 to 20 times the whole- Bale value of the Ammonia," and adds, " How much more economical it would be to buy commercial concentrated ammonia, and dilute it with good soft water." There is of course a certain convenience in purchasing the article in a form ready lot use, and that the average consumer is willing to pay for this service is amply evident when we consider, the extensive sale of many foods in neat packages, which could be purchased at much less cost in bulk. It is however, a reasonable claim, when the purchaser asks how much in excess of its minimum market value he pays for the advantage of package, or in the case of Household Ammonia, of dilution and package. It is certainly with surprise and indignation that the purchaser learns of the six-fold increase found by Professor Snell. With a view to establishing as far as possible, a relation between Value and price of these articles I have tabulated (see Table II) the results of analysis, grouping G INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 19 3 together samples bearing the same name (Brand). On account of the difficulty attend- ing exact measurement of containers the information given in Table II must "ie regarded as approximate only. From this it is seen that one unit of Ammonia, purchased in 12 ounce bottle, co; <9 from 1-877 of a cent (cheapest) to 12-918 cents; the average cost being about 3 cen s. In order to obtain some idea of the cost of the same quantity of Ammonia, }a twelve ounce package, bottle included, I caused four samples to be purchased in OttaT t, and Hull, and found these to cost 35 cents, in each case. The Ammonia values wt e found to be 23-14; 22-54, 21-98 and 23-24; giving a mean value of 22-72 per ce a The value per unit, is thus found to be 1 • 540 cents. ;.< It is to be noted that this is the cost of a pure Ammonia, and a less highly purifir d article may be purchased at a considerably lower price. In a general way it may re said that our examination of so-called Household Ammonia essentially substantial ta the findings of Professor Snell, and leads to the conclusion that the consumer can effa^t a substantial saving, by purchasing liquid Ammonia and diluting with water to suit his purposes. I would respectfully suggest publication of this report as Bulletin No. 341. jCt contains information which will be helpful to many questioners regarding possible household economies. BULLETIN No. 342— LIQUID EXTRACT OF NUX VOMICA. Ottawa, May 20, 1916. , Sir, — I beg to hand you herewith a report upon nineteen (19) samples of the Liquid Extract of Nux Vomica. This is not to be regarded as a comprehensive inspection cf the important drug named, but as an attempt to ascertain what, if any, ground exist in fact for certain complaints made by physicians as to the varying and unsatisfactory results obtained in practice with the Liquid Extract of Nux Vomica. The samples now reported were purchased in Montreal and Toronto only. Their examination is considered, as will be seen to justify a more extended inspection; and the present report is to be regarded as preliminary. It must be conceded that a certain degree of unsatisfactoriness exists regardi:ng the valuation of this drug. It is prepared from the seeds of Nux Vomica, in No. %) powder, by repercolation with 70 per cent alcohol. The percolate from a given weigllt of powder is equal, in units by measure, to the units of weight employed (gramm® and cubic centimetres) in the British Pharmacopoeia of 1898; in the revision of 191', the percolate is only half of this volume. In each case, the strychnine content of tl3 percolate is determined, and the Extract is finally adjusted by addition of 70 per ceijt alcohol, to contain 1-5 percent of strychnine (weight in volume). The seeds of Strychnos Nux Vomica contain two alkaloids, strychnine and brucinl whose physiological properties appear to be very similar, although the activity of brucine is much less than that of strychnine. Thus, the dose of Strychnine is fixed at Y&i to Vk grain (B.P. 1914), while that of brucine is given as Vio to £ grain. (Squires' Com- panion to the Pharmacopoeia, Ed'n 1908.) Both of these alkaloids are naturally pre- sent in the Liquid Extract; and if they were present in the Seeds of Strychnos in a constant ratio, it would of course be possible to infer the amount of either by a deter- mination of the other. Unfortunately this is not the case; and the ratio of strychnine to brucine has been found to vary between 3 to 1 and 1 to 2. (Squire, p. 810). In the assay of the percolate from powdered Nux Vomica, the preliminary steps are identical in both the 1898 and the 1914 editions of the British Pharmacopoeia. The separation of the two alkaloids was effected, however, in the Edition of 1898, by MiULTFHATlOX OF FOOD 7 ESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 ccipitation of the strychnine with potassium ferrocyanide, in sulphuric acid solu- jn, and subsequent decomposing of the strychnine ferrocyanide. It has been found ' Schweissinger (Allen, Com. Org. Analysis, VI, 446) that under these conditions ucine ferrocyanide is co-precipitated, to some extent, thus affecting the accuracy ' the method. In the Edition of 1914, the brucine is destroyed by oxidation with nitric acid in •esence of sulphuric acid, and it is claimed that this method yields more accurate suits for strychnine. In illustration of the results of work done upon the same mple by both methods, I may quote the following : — Sample. Method of 1898. Method of 1914. 64627 .. 1-45 1*32 64628 1-54 1*45 64629 1-49 1'35 62636 1-26 1*24 62637 1-49 1*32 62640 0-88 0*92 64632 0-95 0*95 will be seen that in most of these cases a somewhat higher apparent strychnine mtent is obtained with the older (and now no longer official) method. There can be no doubt that most of the Liquid Extract of Nux Vomica now on le market has been assayed by the method given in the pharmacopoeia of 1898 ; and, ideed, in a strict sense this is the only method recognized by our Adulteration Act, i which Section 7 (a) specifically names the Edition of 1898. Under these circumstances, and inasmuch as the collection of the samples now sported was restricted to two localities, I think it inadvisable that the names of ealers or manufacturers (as stated by the vendors) should be given. Quite apart, however from this consideration the results of analysis are instruc- ive, and serve to show that variations in the composition of the Liquid Extract of 3ux Vomica exist, apart from the strychnine content. The analytical results given in the following table were obtained by Mr. A. J. ^andry, of this staff, working by the official method of the British Pharmacopoeia, Edition of 1914. LIQUID EXTRACT OF NUX VOMICA. Total Solids. Alcohol. Strychnine. Sample. Grm. per 100 cc. Vol. p.c. Grm. per 100 cc. 64626 11*50 59*72 0*78 64627 15-90 59*72 1*32 64628 14-96 54-48 1*45 64629 ."" 17*07 50*98 1*35 64630 15*38 65'32 1*44 64631 11*00 36-16 0*91 64632 -. . . . 2*25 74*32 0*95 64633 16-26 64*96 1*44 64634 11-78 68'32 1*57 64635 15*92 58*96 0*78 64636 25-36 36*52 1*46 64637 15*42 56*92 1*31 62636 11*83 61*20 1*28 62637 13*50 67*56 1*32 62638 18*06 50*32 1*59 62639 . . . . 9*70 0*78 62640 12-02 0*92 62641 9*44 46*44 1*43 62642 14*48 0*76 Mr. Landry reports the usual difficulties attending the estimation of small quan- tities of alkaloids in solution with fats, vegetable matters of varying kinds and more or less vegetable tissue and colouring; and his duplicates indicate a variation of from 0 01 to 0 15 in strychnine found. Accuracy is only possible where the mean of several carefully conducted determinations is taken. I know Mr. Landry to be a careful worker, and am convinced that the results given indicate within very narrow limits, the actual strychnine present. The modus 8 INLATiD RE I EX I E8 8 GEORGE V. A. 1910 operandi for preparation of the Liquid Extract is strictly denned by the pharm.1 copoeia; and, unless the crude drug varies greatly in its quality, it is difficult jj account for the differences in total extractive matter, except on the assumption < carelessness in manufacture. The British Pharmacopoeia of 1898 did not standardize the powdered drug. Tr edition of 1914 fixes this at 1-25 per cent of strychnine, and prescribes the additio of milk sugar to adjust this value, within a limit of accuracy of 0 05 per cent excee or defect. The total solids are found to vary, in these samples, from 2-25 per cent to 25-2 per cent. These extreme differences do not correspond to the variation in strychnii content; the sample giving only 2-25 per cent of total solids contains 0-95 per cei of strychnine; whilst that giving 25-36 per cent solids, yields but 1-45 per cent of tl, alkaloid. The pharmacopoeal standard requires 1-50 per cent strychnine. Most of tb samples which approximate to this percentage show about 14 to 16 per cent tote solids. It appears reasonable to suppose that a normal sample of the crude druj should, on definite treatment as prescribed by the pharmacopoeia, yield an extract c approximately constant character as regards dissolved solids. This matter require investigation. Alcohol of 70 per cent strength is prescribed ; and there can be no sufficier reason for a variation in strength of from 36-16 to 74-32" in the finished extract. I beg to recommend that this subject be more fully investigated in the nea future; and that the present report be published as Bulletin No. 342. BULLETIN No. 343— SUGAR. Ottawa, June 12, 1916. Sir, — I beg to hand you a report upon 175 samples purchased as Sugar and 7' samples purchased as Icing Sugar, by our inspectors in December, January an< February last. Standards defining Sugar and Icing Sugar were established by Order in Council under Section 26 of the Adulteration Act, on August 1, 1914, and are published a G. 1135 bearing date August 6, 1914, as follows: — Sugar. 1. Sugar is the product chemically known as Sucrose (Saccharose) and is at th< present time found in commerce as obtained from Sugar Cane, Sugar Beets, Sorghum Maple and Palm. 2. Sugar whether sold as granulated, loaf, cut, milled or powdered sugar shal contain at least 99-5 (ninety-nine and five-tenths) per cent of sucrose, and shall be free from any artificial colouring matter. 3. Icing sugar is a powdered sugar specially prepared for baker's use, and may contain starch, not to exceed five (5) per cent by weight. The standards above defined take effect on the 7th day of September, 1914. The results of examination may thus be summarized : — Sugar (see Table 1). Samples. Found genuine refined Sugar 143 " " brown Sugar 25 " adulterated, as containing a dye 6 Passed, as being very close to the standard 1 Total 175 AlU'LTFh'ATION OF FOOD 9 J SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Sample No. 4003, contains 99-3 instead of 99-5 per cent sucrose. The following samples contain a blue dyestuff (apparently ultramarine) and in (this respect violate standard requirements: 67498, 70567, 70108, 71947, 71953, 52310. Standards for partially refined Sugar, have not been defined; and samples sold t is brown Sugar, or yellow Sugar, are all found to be genuine, in the sense of being true to name. Icing Sugar (see Table 11). This form of sugar is permitted to contain starch, not in excess of 5 per cent, by weight. A small quantity of starch is apparently necessary in order to prevent the lumping of the article, when the atmospheric conditions are not satisfactory. A very small amount of moisture in the air causes finely Jpowdered sugar to form lumps, and it is found that a small quantity of dry starch prevents this, while not interfering with the use for which the sugar is intended. It appears to be well established that from two to three per cent of dry starch is quite sufficient for this purpose. Our standards permit starch to be added, not to exceed 5 per cent. In the case of 16 samples it will be seen that our inspectors have been supplied with powdered sugar, containing no starch, and answering the requirements of refined sugar. In four cases the excess of starch is less than 1 per cent, and I have recom- mended that these samples be allowed to Ipass. The results of examination may be thus exhibited: — Samples. Found genuine as Icing Sugar 50 " within 1 per cent and passed 4 " to be refined Sugar 16 " to contain decided excess starch 4 No. 3665 nearly refined Sugar 1 " 71957 containing almonds 1 76 This is the first occasion upon which sugar has been systematically inspected, since fixation of standards. A limited inspection of sugars was made in 1891 and is reported in Bulletin No. 25. In 21 samples of white (refined) sugar the sucrose was found to vary from 98-84 to 99-8 per cent, averaging 99-26 per cent. In 22 samples of yellow sugar, from 86-00 to 94-9 per cent sucrose was found, the average being 90-23 per cent. BULLETIN No. 344— SPIRIT OF CAMPHOR. Ottawa, June 27, 1916. Sir, — 1 beg to hand you a report upon Spirit of Camphor. This article is defined by the British Pharmacopoeia (1914) as consisting of 100 parts by volume of 90 per cent alcohol, containing 10 parts by weight of Camphor in solution. The specific gravity should be between 0-845 and 0-850; and the optical rotation should not be less than 4° at 15-5° Centigrade. The formula is essentially identical with that given in the edition of 1898. Our last general inspection of Spirit of Camphor is reported in Bulletin No. 178 (March, 1909). On that occasion, 74 samples were examined as regards alcohol only; and it was considered fair to accept 75 per cent of alcohol as a reasonable minimum in the product as dispensed. This allows a very considerable margin for evaporation due to repeated opening of the container. 10 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 The Camphor content should approximate 10 per cent (weight in volume); an< I although Camphor is more or less volatile from solution, it is relatively less so thajj alcohol, so that its proportion is likely to increase, rather than diminish in stoc*' solutions. I have therefore considered that anything below 8-5 per cent weight ii volume indicates an adulterated article. The present report deals with 168 samples purchased as Spirit of Camphor. Fiv( samples are evidently accepted by our inspectors in mistake, four of these accepted bj Mr. Gendreau being Gum Camphor, and one (No. 62916) being alcohol only. Nineteen of the remaining samples depart so slightly from the Standard as abovi interpreted, that" I have passed them. The following synopsis presents the detailec results : — Meet legal requirements 126 samples. Passed, as within narrow limits 20 " Adulterated, as deficient in camphor 5 " " both " • camphor and alcohol 9 " as containing methyl alcohol 3 " Purchased by mistake 5 " Total 168 The substitution of methyl alcohol in whole or in part for ethyl alcohol in Spirii of Camphor, necessarily constitutes adulteration; Under the Adulteration Act. It is also forbidden by Section 7 of the Amendment to the Inland Eevenue Act, dated Apri. 10, 1908, unless the presence of methyl alcohol is declared upon the label of the con- tainer. I am informed that there is a certain demand for a low-priced Spirit of Camphor for veterinary use, and that this is frequently prepared with denatured alcohol, or witl Columbian Spirit. However this may be, it furnishes no excuse for offering the article as pharmacopoeal Spirit of Camphor. BULLETIN No. 345— EVAPORATED MILK. Ottawa, July 6, 1916. Sir, — I beg to report certain work done upon a limited collection of samples (73 in number) of evaporated milk. These have been examined with the view of ascertaining whether any ground in fact existed for certain complaints to the effect that the metals of the container (tin and lead) were taken into solution by the contents when these developed an acid reaction. Acidity has been determined in 17 samples, and is found to vary from 28-8 to as high as 46-4, when stated as cubic centimetres decinormal per 100 grammes of the sample. The full meaning of this as tending to render soluble the metal of the containing vessel has yet to be worked out. In another series of samples tests were made for tin and lead. Practically no determinable quantities of lead were found in solution. Tin was found in 44 samples, the amount varying from a mere trace to as much as 62 milligrammes per 100 cubic centimetres; or 620 parts per million (about 4 grains per pound or 0-062 per cent). Regarding the effect of this upon health, I may quote Thresh and Porter (Pre- servatives, etc.; Churchill, London, 1906, page 204). "At the present time no one seriously contends that the amount of tin in solution in these (acid) foods has any ADULTERATION OF FOOD 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 effect upon the system. As a rule the quantity is very small, rarely amounting to one grain per pound of food substance. Autenrieth. (Laboratory manual, etc., trans. Dr. Warren, pub. Blakistons, Sons., Phila., 1915), page 174, says: "Hence tin vessels may be used, and preserved articles of food containing tin, have practically no dele- terious action upon health." Kunkel. (Handbuch der Toxikologie, s. 216) says : "This i9 a very slightly poisonous metal. This is established beyond doubt." The extent, however, of its possibly poisonous action, he considers worth further investigation. Parry (Food and Drugs, Scott, Greenwood & Son, London), page 373, says: "There is no evidence of a cumulative action of tin, until the daily dose exceeds 2 grains. Dr. Buchanan states that the presence of tin in a sample, in quantities approaching 2 grains to the pound may be taken to signify that the food has become potentially deleterious to health." I have noted as excessive an amount of tin exceeding 2 grains per pound, or 0 03 per cent. This occurs in 9 samples out of 44 samples in which quantitative determination of tin was made. I propose to carry this examination for tin and lead further, at an early date, and to attempt to correlate the acidity of the sample with the amount of metallic contamination. As judged by the ordinary standards for evaporated milk, 46 samples in which the required determinations have been made give results showing them to be essentially up to standard requirements. Two samples were curdled, owing to incomplete steriliza- tion. In six samples the non-fat solids are somewhat low. These are probably made from a rich milk which has been watered. The content in fat meets our standard for evaporated milk; viz. 7-2 per cent. It may be noted that our standards requiring 7-2 per cent fat and 18-8 per cent non-fat solids were made legal in November 1910; and were at that time, identical with those obtaining in the United States. In November 1914, an Amendment of the U.S.A. Department of Agriculture changed the standards so as to require 7-8 per cent fat and 17-7 per cent non-fat solids. This change was considered advisable because it was held that, in certain of the Western States, milk solids were normally lower than in the Eastern and Middle States ; and that the deficiency obtained in the non-fat solids. So far as Canada is concerned the matter has not been fully investigated; but it may be that owing to differences in the feed and pasture, the same difference holds good. It seems only just to allow, in the meantime, for a possibility which has been established south of the boundary line. BULLETIN No. 346— CHOCOLATE CANDY. Ottawa, July 27, 1916. Sir, — I beg to hand you herewith a report dealing with the results of analysis of 151 samples purchased by our inspectors as chocolate candy. Attention has been drawn, by various large manufacturers of confectionery to the employment of solid paraffin as a stiff ener in certain brands of chocolate. One correspondent writes as follows : " We wish that the Government would be as par- ticular in regard to the adulteration of chocolate and chocolate products in Canada, where substitutes are used for cocoa butter and other substitues for chocolate, as they are in regard to maple. We think it would be of advantage to every one if it were so. We have recently been advised by a salesman for paraffin wax, that the con- fectioners in Canada are using this very largely. This is an adulterant that has been cut out in almost every other, country except Canada. We believe it is largely 12 INLAXD RETEXUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 used in the cheap chocolates referred to, for when they use a substitute for cocoa butter, they have to use something to stiffen up the chocolate coating." The National Confectioners' Association of the United States, issued a Food Law Circular under date May 20, 1913, containing a list of substances prohibited in confectionery, among which appears paraffin. The Food Laws of Illinois, Nebraska and Utah,' specifically forbid the use of paraffin in candy; and those of many other States are interpreted in such a way as to condemn its use. It is certain that so-called paraffin or paraffin wax is wholly without food value; is quite indigestible, and is not a normal component of any natural food material. Its melting point (about 54-5° C. = 130-1° Fah.) is so high as to keep it solid at the body temperature, and being quite insoluble in the digestive fluids, it is conceivable that serious results might ensue from its presence in foods, consequent upon mechanical disturbances. • , It will be noted that 126 samples are found to be genuine, in the sense of being essentially cocoa material, while seven samples contain more or less starch, as the only foreign matter. Ten samples show the presence of other fats than cocoa fat, and eight samples contain paraffin. "We have as yet, no legalized definition of confectionery specifically forbidding the use of paraffin. The report now handed you will constitute a basis for the study of this matter, with a view to recommending legislation. BULLETIN No. 347— FERTILIZERS FOR 1916. Ottawa, September G, 1916. Sir,. — I beg to hand you a report upon the examination of 365 samples of Fertilizers, representing the inspection of fertilizers under the Fertilizers Act of 1910, for the cur- rent year. The results may be summarized as below : — Samples Found to meet claims 330 Found to meet claims by compensated value 18 Found nearly to meet claims and passed 8 Found sold without registration number 2 Found below claims 7 Total 365 The deviations from guaranteed value are usually very small, and the report now in your hands shows an evident desire on the part of manufacturers of fertilizers, to live up to claims made. It is, however, to be noted that many fertilizers which in other years have claimed considerable amounts of potash, this year claim none, or notably smaller percentages than formerly. This is doubtless due to the scarcity of salts of potash, owing to war conditions. Six brands of fertilizers make claims for very small amounts of potash, less than 0-50 per cent. These claims represent no tangible values, and I think that claims for less than 0-50 per cent should not be allowed. Our Act (section 15) specifically concedes a deviation of half of one per cent as possibly accidental, and as negligible, provided that the total value of the fertilizer is not materially affected by it. In 18 samples the words " compensated value " are used. It is sufficiently evident that many manufacturers have confounded the terms available and soluble as applied ADULTERATION OF FOOD 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 to phosphoric acid. The actual difference in value between water soluble and citric soluble phosphoric acid may be very small, and I have felt justified in recognizing this fact in interpreting the results of analysis. One sample (No. 70700) claims a total value so small as to render it practically useless as a fertilizer. It should not be found on the market. BULLETIN No. 348 — MAPLE SYRUP. Ottawa, 14th September, 1916. Sir, — I have the honour to present you a report upon two hundred and nine (209) samples purchased as Maple Syrup, by our inspectors during the current year. Of this number, one hundred and sixty-two (162) samples are found to be genuine, in the sense of meeting standard requirements for Maple Syrup as defined in G. 994 and G. 1152. Six samples meet these minimum requirements within such narrow limits as to justify suspicion of their genuineness, but I have recommended that they be passed; thus giving a total of 168 samples as probably genuine, being 80 per cent of the total collection. Forty one samples are adulterated, in the sense of being mixtures of cane sugar syrup with maple syrup, but sold as Maple Syrup. Our inspectors were instructed to demand Maple Syrup, and the samples now reported were supplied by the vendors as answering this demand. In two instances the vendor, after making sale, and discovering that the purchaser was an officer of this Department, stated that he did not claim the article sold to be pure Maple Syrup. In one of these cases the manufacturer's label upon the container, claims that the article is Maple Syrup ; in the second case the label bears the words " Pure M Syrup ", which is undoubtedly intended to make the purchaser believe that he is being served with Maple Syrup. In most of these cases of fraudulent sale, the manufacturer's label distinctly claims the article to be Maple Syrup; and I have noted the presence of these words on the label where such label has been seen by myself or by the analyst, who did the work of analysis. There can be no excuse for offering as Maple Syrup an article which is a mixture, as in these cases. The article may be, and in most cases is, a very desirable and nutritious food; but it should be placed upon the market under conditions which would correctly inform the purchaser as to its character. It is noteworthy that the uttering of the surrogate article appears to be entirely in the hands of a small number of manufacturers, in Montreal and Toronto. The great proportion of samples purchased in localities where Maple Syrup is recognized as an established farm industry, as in New Brunswick and Quebec, are found to be genuine; and there can be no doubt that a real injury is done to these provinces when the markets offered by our western provinces and our larger cities are supplied by imitations of Maple Syrup, which profess to be the genuine article. BULLETIN No. 349— MACE. Ottawa, October 18, 1916. Sir, — I beg to hand you herein a report upon the spice known as Mace. This is the first occasion upon which we have dealt with the article named, and owing to the 14 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 facts that comparatively little investigatory work is on record regarding this spice; that no accepted standards for it exist, and that even importers of the article are imperfectly informed as to its source and character, the report now placed in your hands must be considered rather as a study of the subject, than as a record of official inspection. The attention of the Department has been called to the matter by several interested parties, from one of whose letters I quote the following: " Has your Department ever made a collection of this spice ? The reason we ask is this. A good Amboyna or Penang costs at the present time (April, 1914) about 61£ cents per pound, while Bombay, which is a wild mace, can be purchased for 24 cents a pound. In order to reduce the cost per pound, the spice-grinders generally blend either of the first two with the latter. While Bombay is truly mace, yet it does not contain any essential oil, and has no flavouring power, and therefore really acts as a filler." Mace is the arillus, or outer coating of the nutmeg, the seed of Myristica fragrans (British Pharmacopoeia.) " This tree is indigenous to the Molucca Islands, and is cultivated in Penang, Sumatra, the West Indies, etc. Penang nutmegs, which are the most esteemed, are very aromatic. Singapore nutmegs closely resemble them. Wild nutmegs are longer, narrower, and less aromatic. Bombay nutmegs, (M. Malabarica) are devoid of aroma. Of species of Myristica other than M. fragrans, only one, viz.: M. Argentea, the Papua nutmeg, yields aromatic seeds. Mace is the dried arillus. Considerable quantities of valueluess Bombay mace are imported." B. P. Codex, p. 652. Mace, like the nutmeg, owes its value as a spice to its content of volatile oil, and according to Allen (Com. Org. Analysis, IV, 359) this oil is practically identical in nutmeg and mace. The Oleum Myristicae of the pharmacopoeia is stated by Allen to be a fraction only of the natural oil. Specifications for this oil, are somewhat changed in the 1914 edition of the B. P. Specific gravity Optical rotation Refractive ind^x Solubility Residue at temp, of boiling water. . 0-870 to 0 910 Not given In 1 vol. mixture equal parts abso lute and 90 % alcohol No crystalline residue 1914. 0 870 to 0 925. + 13a to f 30a. (25°C) 1-474 to 1-484. In 3 volumes of 90 % alcohol. Not to exceed 5%. That Bombay mace must be regarded as of no value for the purposes of a spice, follows from the above quotation from the B. P. Codex. In addition I may quote Kraemer. (Pharmacognosy, 1915, p. 256.) " Bombay mace is very largely used to adulterate genuine mace." Also Bailey (Food Products, 1914, p. 451.) " Bombay mace, which is often used to adulterate Penang and other true maces, has practically no flavour, and is of little more value than so much inert material." Leach (Food Inspection, etc., 1909, p. 467) says : " Bombay mace, is almost entirely devoid of odour or taste, being nearly as inert as so much starch. It is most properly regarded as an adulterant from its lack of pungency, even though in a sense, it is a variety of mace." TJ. S. A. standards for Mace, are as follows: (Circular 19, Dept. of Agriculture, Washington.) " Mace is the dried arillus of Myristica fragrans, and contains not less than 20, nor more than 30 per cent, of non-volatile ether extract; not more than 3 per cent, of total ash, and not more than 0-5 per cent, of ash insoluble in hydro- chloric acid; and not more than 10 per cent, of crude fiber." ADULTERATION OF FOOD 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 " Macassar mace, Papua mace, is the dried arillus of Myristica Argentea." " Bombay mace is the dried arillus of Myristica Malabarica." Leach (Food Inspection and Analysis, 2nd edition, p. 466) quotes the following analytical results, obtained by Winton, Ogden and Mitchell upon samples of the three kinds of mace specified in the above standards : 1. True mace (means of 4 samples.) 2. Macassar mace. 3. Bombay mace. Moisture Ash total Ether extract, volatile n n7 3 90 0 60 17'62 20 '56 38 "18 7 65 66 52268 2 '65 0'30 26 ' 62 23 ' 3i> 49 -98 5 '60 76 1 oC 0 15 24 84 34 42 59 ' 26 4 05 52270 2 10 0'25 23 72 32 32 56 04 4 05 55372 2 55 0'30 22 02 29 '08 51 10 5 '20 96 55373 . 250 0'75 23 44 29 70 53 14 4 '40 99 G1888 2 45 0 20 26 06 2 > ' 82 52 "88 5 '20 88 66t>30 2 " 85 0 30 23 '68 26 '26 49 '94 5 ' 90 85 66636 2 55 0 35 24 ' 64 28 02 52 ' 66 5 '55 93 66637 2 '05 0 25 22 '44 26 08 48 '52 3 '80 S6 2135 2 10 0 30 26 '58 17 "76 44 '34 3 '80 56 2136 1 80 0'40 27 '78 28 44 56 ' 22 4'15 94 2137 2 15 0 15 26 12 22 '48 48 '60 4 '25 73 2607 . 1*55 0 15 36 '96 9 14 4610 3 '90 25 2844 3 90 0'7o 22 30 23 06 45 36 6 '75 75 41874 2'40 0 25 24 54 20 '88 45 ' 42 4 '58 67 41875 2 10 0 15 26 84 9 '92 36 76 3 '80 28 51991 300 0'45 24 '90 27 '86 52 76 3 '85 92 51992 3' 15 0 45 24 18 25 '92 50' 10 6 85 85 51993 1 80 0 15 22 '50 32' 18 54 68 4 50 1'90 0'30 27 '54 34 46 62 00 4 ' 10 51995 170 0 25 29 04 34 06 63 10 4 '25 53685 1/90 0 20 21 '54 26 36 47 90 5 '45 87 55018 2'30 0 35 21' 28 23 '89 45 17 3 '90 78 55020 2 '90 0 45 25 78 27 10 52 '88 6 '90 89 56276 1 75 010 25 '88 17 ' 64 43 ' 52 3 80 55 56278 1 85 0'40 26 50 32 '78 59 '28 5 00 5P279 2 30 0'35 28 '86 19 56 48 ' 42 5 '35 62 56280 2 00 015 23 82 15 '78 39 60 5 '80 49 59531 2' 10 015 27 54 6"42 33 '96 3 '35 15 59534 200 0'20 23 72 24 '98 48 '70 4 35 77 61141 2'35 0'35 . 23 '64 14 '98 38 '62 5 40 46 61142 2 45 0'25 27 44 27 26 54 '70 5 60 90 61143 2 70 030 24 '20 30'54 54 74 5 35 61144 2 20 0'20 22 50 15 16 37 66 4 50 47 61145 2'30 0'40 22 70 22 ' 72' 45 42 450 74 61531 2 20 0'25 20 '20 27 '42 47 62 4 20 90 61532 2 '90 0'65 27 '86 11 70 39 ' 56 4 ' 40 Q t 61533 2 50 0 25 26'38 24 24 50 62 4 45 79 61534 185 0 15 28 06 23 80 5186 420 77 61535 1'95 0 15 26 34 18-44 44 78 420 58 61649 2-85 0'35 24 96 21 36 52 32 560 90 61926 305 0'50 5:038 34 46 54 84 6'30 61940 2'60 0'45 23 6S 16 18 39 86 4 40 50 61942 275 0 45 29 36 10 58 39 94 4'90 30 62360 2'25 0 20 28 '88 10 08 38 96 4'85 28 2 55 0'40 2196 18 44 40 40 5 15 58 63252 2 45 0'20 24 62 21'28 45 90 4'85 68 63254 2'35 0 45 24 60 32 02 56 62 4'95 63255 1'95 0 20 26 02 29-32 55 34 470 97 63256 2 05 015 24 54 20 66 45 20 405 66 63294 1'90 0'20 25 36 29 88 55 24 4 00 99 63295 1'95 015 25 82 19 66 45 48 4'95 63 63297 2 50 0 20 21 42 20 06 4148 515 64 63298 2'50 025 24 28 25 08 49 36 4 90 82 63427 2 00 0 15 •JS 4(1 22 12 50 52 3 90 71 63428 2 20 0 15 26 14 7-18 33 32 4'45 18 63430 l'S5 0 25 33 26 23 44 56'70 4 20 76 63751 3 00 0 15 26 84 17 96 44 80 805 57 63757 2 35 040 2132 28 02 49 34 505 92 637C0 1 90 015 27 ■ 16 23 66 50 -82 4'60 77 ADULTER LTIOH OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Table 2 — Concluded. 21 Number. Ash. 63764 . 63901 63006. 64006. 64017. 64024 . 56531 . 56532 . 56533 56534 . 56535. 66161 . 66163. 66165. 60374 60375 . 64219. 64221 . 61412 61413. 61431 . 69966. 69967 . 09968 69969 78535 54504 . 54505. 54688 70262. 58469 58471 Total. Insol. 3 10 0 1 □ 2 15 0 15 1 75 0 20 - 85 0 65 1 75 0 15 2 05 0 20 1 90 0 25 1 97 0 28 1 62 0 15 1 81 0 17 1 80 0 10 1 78 0 15 2 06 0 26 2 03 0 19 1 66 0 15 1 90 0 22 2 20 0 18 1 65 0 1 1 2 76 0 39 \> 90 0 20 2 40 0 22 2 30 0 30 Non-volatile Extractive. Petrol, ether. Ethyl ether. Total. Cr, Fib. X. 2770 20 78 48-48 8 25 67 20 68 19 78 40 46 530 63 24 00 32 66 56 66 4 05 21 56 22 28 43 84 455 72* 28 80 19 60 48 40 3 80 02 2172 28-98 50 70 4 65 96 22 06 37-90 59 96 4 65 27-86 24 26 52 12 79' 27-88 33 88 61 76 25 04 2189 46 93 71 41 07 17-79 58 86 56 28 55 28 86 57 41 95 27 12 28-56 55 68 94 28 40 8 99 37-39 24 28 92 23 17 52 69 75 25-80 21-42 50 28 80 29 94 10-U 40 05 28 26 60 28'59 55 19 94 3111 875 39 86 24 2134 19 90 41 24 365 63 18 28 31 98 50 26 4 95 24 28 9 96 34 24 410 28* 24 32 24 00 4S32 78 29 44 22 18 4162 72 27 44 1124 38 58 33 26 10 1600 42 10 50 25 70 1076 36 46 31 24-68 1054 35 22 30 20-58 20'3ti 40 94 65 25 70 23 40 49 10 76 22 00 9 68 3168 27 26 60 24-06 50 66 78 24 00 866 32 66 23 The trustworthiness of any formula employed to calculate the percentage of Bom- bay mace present in a mixture of this mace with the genuine, is dependent upon the accuracy of the constants involved. If we use as a basis of judgment the amount of extractive to ethyl-ether after petrolic, it is necessary to define the solvents, as well as the manner in which they are used; and also to determine the normal extractive by this method, for true mace and for Bombay mace respectively. The samples enumerated in Table 2 were extracted in a Knorr apparatus, for 16 hours with petrolic ether (redistilled between 25° and 70° C.) ; then for a similar length of time with ethyl-ether (redistilled 35° to 37° C.) The extractive was dried to constant weight, at 110° C. The quantity operated on was 5 grams. We have the following data for the extractive yielded by true mace : Per cent. Sample No. 1 114 Dawson. ., .. 2 1-43 .. .. 3 1-55 H ,i 2606 1 82 A 087 Valin. .. B 054 .. Sample separated from a mixture 183 Dawson. Mean of 30 samples (see Table 1) 2'77 Various. Penang mace 2 "68 Parry. Pale West Indian mace 2 04 >i Red h ii 3 90 Sample No. 4 3 67 Valin. .. .. 6 5 05 ii Mean value 2 ' 25 22 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Data for extractive yielded by Bombay mace, under conditions above described : — Per cent. Sample C . 25 04 D , 27 56 Parry, Food & Drugs, page 237 29 U Sample No. 5 32 69 Mean value 28 '60 It will be noted that 14 samples of Table 2, yielded more than 30 per cent, extrac- tive to ethyl-ether after petrolic. The mean extractive for these 14 samples is 33-35 per cent. Since these samples were found on careful qualitative examination to con- sist essentially of mace, it follows that some samples of Bombay, or other wild mace, must yield much more than the above average of 28-60 per cent, extractive. It is to be regretted that, at the time of writing this, I am unable to avail myself of fuller data for Bombay mace. If we accept 30 per cent, as an approximate value for this mace, and take 2 as the corresponding number for genuine mace, the percentage of Bombay mace (x) in a mixture of the two maces, may be calculated from the formula, 100 (e = 2) X = 28 where (e) is the extractive found for the sample. The resultant values are given in the last column of Table 2. It must be under- stood that they are merely approximations to the actual percentage amounts of Bombay mace in these samples. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Table 3. In this table I have arranged the results of analysis for 43 samples of commercial ground mace, found to contain other material than Bombay mace. In mo3t cases this foreign matter is cereal or nutmeg starch, with turmeric. li O J5 H 3 Ash. Extractive. Crude Fibre. Remarks based on microscopic examination. Total . I n sol. Petrol. Ethyl. Total. 55371. 1 45 0 15 18 65 24 88 43 53 3 15 , Bombay mace and maize starch in large amount. .v>:;r i . 2 15 0 35 21 72 26 56 48 28 4 20 Much Bombay mace and small amount of starch. 55375 . 1 85 0 15 20 06 25 10 45 16 3 95 Much Bombay mace and starch. 61893. 45 0 25 20 70 8 34 29 04 3 80 Small amount Bombay mace with much starch. 61895. 1 85 0 15 18 58 26 22 44 80 3 70 Much Bombay mace. Considerable starch, ii n n 68103. 2 05 0 25 19 28 22 54 41 82 3 80 CS 106. 2 85 0 20 18 88 10 28 29 16 4 80 Bombay mace small, much starch. 66619. 2 40 0 20 26 60 16 68 43 28 5 25 Bombay mace large amount and considerable starch. 66627 1 75 o 15 23 06 25 48 48 54 3 10 Bombay mace much; also starch. 26oS. 1 65 0 15 22 24 1 44 23 68 2 30 Much starch with turmeric. 55019 . 2 00 0 25 19 47 27 72 47 19 4 80 Small amount starch much Bombay mace, n _ ii ii 55021 . 2 30 o 35 22 28 23 02 45 30 5 35 :>s;;s6. 3 25 (J 25 27 16 6 64 33 80 g 80 Bombay mace little, much starch. 5S3S7 . 1 55 0 10 24 12 0 74 24 86 2 25 Large amount starch, with turmeric . 58389. 3 20 0 30 26 78 6 38 33 16 7 85 Little Bombay mace and starch. 58390. 1 55 o 10 25 02 0 74 25 76 2 30 Much starch and turmeric. 59533. 3 30 0 70 24 20 10 32 34 52 5 05 Considerable Bombay mace traces of starch. 61620 2 20 0 45 21 84 25 58 47 42 4 65 Much Bombay mace. 61625. 1 90 0 25 19 08 21 24 40 32 3 50 ■I n little starch. 61641. 1 45 0 15 17 56 18 92 36 48 3 05 n ii some starch. 61935. 2 05 0 10 27 66 17 44 45 10 3 65 Considerable Bombay mace and starch. 61938 2 30 0 45 22 12 24 00 46 12 4 70 Much Bombay mace, little starch. 62362. 2 05 0 10 25 56 0 58 26 14 3 20 Much starch and turmeric. 63253. 2 45 0 15 20 08 10 52 30 60 4 35 Considerable Bombay mace and starch. 63296 . 2 70 0 35 23 08 21 60 44 68 4 95 Much Bombay mace, little starch. 63769 . 1 95 0 20 19 06 28 76 47 82 4 35 Much Bombay mace and starch. 6402J . 2 45 0 30 20 88 1 92 22 80 3 35 No Bombay mace much starch. 64023. 2 40 0 45 16 60 19 48 36 08 4 35 Much Bombay mace and starch. 66164. 1 81 0 17 26 78 17 50 44 28 ii ii and some starch. 61414. 2 12 0 20 23 70 9 32 33 02 3 35 Some Bombay mace and starch. B8402 24 48 1 16 25 64 15 to 20% wheat starch. 58403. v 23 80 1 68 25 48 70261 . 20 02 12 50 32 52 20 to 30% Bombay mace and starch. 70263 23 04 26 68 62 49 72 60 to 35% 70264 18 96 25 44 64 29 54 2 84 32 38 No Bombay mace. 25 to 30% starch. 58467. 27 50 24 00 51 50 50 to 60% Bombay mace and starch. 58468 27 66 1 92 29 58 No Bombay mace, 25 to 30% ■• 67466 25 42 0 66 26 08 ., ii 10 to 15% ii 67467. 25 58 2 20 27 78 67468. 20 18 0 36 20 54 n n "20% " 67469 26 66 0 64 65 27 30 67470. 40 64 0 41 29 Is ground nutmeg. A study of the numerical results in Table III, taken in connection with the results noted from microscopic observation, leads to the conclusion that very definite inference as to the composition of these mixtures may be drawn from the extractive. The presence of starch decidedly lowers the total extractive; while the ethyl-ether extractive plainly indicates the presence of Bombay mace. Where this is less than about 2 per cent, the absence of any considerable amount of Bombay mace is evident; and when in excess of 2 per cent, a close approximation to the actual amount present may be derived from a comparison of the ethyl-ether extractive with the total extrac- tive. The refractive index of the fixed oil from Bombay mace is given by Lythgae as varying from 1-4615 to 1-4633 at 35° C, while that from other maces varies from 1-4747 to 1-4975. The refractive indices for the fixed oils obtained from the samples included in Table 1, were read by Mr. Dawson at 35° C. and are found to be uniformly higher 24 IX LAX D REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 than the maximum limit quoted for Bombay mace oil. Unfortunately this is also true for most of the samples recorded in Table 2, many of these, even when containing very high percentages of Bombay mace, (as judged from the ethyl-ether extractive) giving refractive indices of 1-4800 or higher. It would hence appear that, while the existence of a refractive index below 1-4700, points to the presence of Bombay mace, the finding of a higher reading than this cannot be regarded as evidence of the absence of Bombay mace. The most conclusive chemical evidence of this adulteration of mace appears to be afforded by the ethyl-ether extract. In the case of Bombay mace, the resins seem to be less readily dissolved by petrolic ether than the fats. When these last are removed by petrolic ether, the subsequent extraction by ethyl-ether gives a number which is highly characteristic. It may be that alcohol, on account of its great solvent power for resins, might take the place of ethyl-ether, and effect a saving of time. This point may be investigated later. Investigatory work done by Mr. Valin, since the above was written, has demons- trated certain points of importance in regard to details of operating. These are briefly : 1. The inadvisability of drying the sample at 100° — 110° C. before extracting the fat and resins. Such treatment tends to make the extraction difficult. 2. The extractive matter is difficult to dry to constant weight, and an exposure of from 24 to 48 hours at 110° C. is required. 3. Extraction with petrolic ether is not usually complete in less than 16 hours. 4. The use of alcohol instead of ethyl ether, gives a somewhat higher extractive; but shows less characteristic difference between genuine and Bombay mace than does ether. For this reason it is not recommended. The report now placed in your hands deals with 175 samples of mace, which are classified as follows: Samples of known origin 7 " essentially true mace 30 " mixed with true and wild mace 95 " variously adulterated 43 Total 175 Their study would appear to justify the following standards for mace. 1. True mace is the dried arillus of Myristica fragrans (Houttyn.) It contains not more than three (3) per cent, of total ash, and not more than half of one per cent. (0-5) of ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid. Its crude fiber content does not exceed seven (7) per cent. After extraction with petrolic ether, the ethyl-ether extractive does not exceed five (5) per cent. The total extractive by both solvents, does not exceed thirty three (33) per cent. 2. Macassar mace is the dried arillus of myristica argentea ( Warb.) 3. Bombay Mace, is the dried arillus of myristica malabarica (Lamarck.) This mace must not be present in admixture with true mace, unless the label, or other mark clearly declares its presence, and approximate percentage amount. It is recognized that the limited number of samples of certified origin included in this report, leaves much to be desired in the way of assured knowledge of the limits of variation which may obtain in different samples of the maces studied, where these are the production of different soils and localities. At the same time, I am convinced that no injustice will be done to importers by official adoption of the very liberal standards suggested; while a very much needed protection will thereby be afforded to the con- sumer. ADULTER \ TION OF FOOD SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 25 BULLETIN No. 350— FEED FLOUR. Ottawa, November 2, 191 G. Sm, — I beg to band you a report upon 170 samples of feeds, purchased under the name of Feed Flour. This inspection has been rendered necessary in consequence of certain features of the operation of the Feeding Stuffs Act of 1909. These features were brought to your notice in my introductory letter published with Bulletin No. 311 (April, 1915). Briefly, they may be recapitulated as follows : — Feeds which bear names of definite and distinctive character, are permitted to be sold without registration, because standards can be fixed for such feeds under Section 26 of the Adulteration Act. The recognition of this class of feeds finds justification in the fact that all the smaller mills possess local markets for Bran, Shorts and Chop, as defined under our Act, and it is usual for farmers to buy direct from the mills. There is usually little or no accumulation of these feeds at the mill, the whole output being sold as produced. It would be an evident hardship were the miller required to keep distinct his product from each shipment of grain, and to furnish a guarantee of value with the sale. Such procedure would necessitate an increase in price to the consumer, and would not find favour with the farming community in whose interest the Act is framed. Experience gained since 1910 is decidedly favourable to recognition of a class of feeds of this kind ; although the terms and standards fixed by Order in Council of May 1, 1911 (published as Circular G. 968) have been found to be unsatisfactory in several particulars. Objections have been pointed out in Bulletins 254 and 311 — and consequent upon these facts and others brought into notice through extended correspondence, it was considered desirable to invite comment by all parties interested, with a view to such amendment as might be found necessary. In August of last year, a Circular (G. 1200) was extensively distributed through the kindness of the Canadian Manufacturers' Association, and through our own Food Inspectors. Suggestions have been received from several of the larger milling companies and from a few of the smaller millers, but, upon the whole, it is felt that the subject has elicited less interest than its importance deserves. Under the name of Special Shorts, or Choice Shorts, or Feed Flour or Low Grade Flour an article containing very nearly the same proteid and fat value as normal shorts, but a decidedly lower percentage of fibre, is offered. This variety is richer in starchy content than normal shorts, and is whiter in colour. Although its nutritive value is but slightly, if at all, higher than that of normal shorts, it commands a higher price, probably because of its appearance rather than for any other reason. At a meeting of the Dominion Millers' Association held in Toronto on February 24, 1916, the present standards for the class of feeds now under consideration were discussed; and, amoung other business, a resolution was unanimously passed approving of the practical equivalency of the terms Shorts and Middlings, and recognizing the fairness of existing standards for this article. It was however considered desirable and proper that an article generally known as Feed Flour, should be distinguished from Shorts; and the general impression prevailed that considerable latitude in the composition of this feed should be permitted. In order to obtain data for defining feed flour it was agreed that a collection of samples sold under this name should be made at an early date. 26 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 The samples herein reported were purchased in May and June of this year, for the purpose of establishing the nature of Feed Flour as sold in Canada. Of 170 samples collected by our inspectors, under the name Feed Flour, 45 samples practically meet requirements for Shorts (Middlings) and must be regarded as such. The outstanding feature in the article known as Feed Flour is its low content of fibre; and while frequently sold as Special Shorts or Choice Shorts, it is in reality a low grade flour. It usually commands a higher price than shorts proper, and appears to be regarded as superior to shorts, its superiority consisting in its whiter colour, its fineness, and its flour-like appearance. It usually shows a lower fat content than shorts, but its protein content is nearly equal to that of shorts. It will be observed that I have excluded from the Feed Flour class all samples giving a higher fibre content than 2 per cent. From a large number of samples of flour examined by the Bureau of Chemistry, Washington, and reported in Bulletin 13, part 9, the following averages are taken : — Patent Wheat flour (40 samples), crude fibre 0-21 percent. Common Market flour (19 samples), crude fibre 0-28 " Bakers' and family. (14 samples), crude fibre 0-22 " Mean 0-24 In whole wheat flour, ground from the grain inclusive of its husk (bran) the crude fibre may amount to a little over 2 per cent; but all the samples now reported were evidently ground from the grain after removal of the bran; or the bran had been separated by bolting after grinding; and it is to a product closely resembling ordinary flour that the term Feed Flour is evidently intended to apply. Of the 125 samples now reported, 63 contain less than 1 per cent fibre; and 30 samples contain less than 0-5 per cent. ^ Fat Content. Between 1 and 2 per cent fat " 2 " 3 " a 3 " 4 " Above 4 per cent Protein Content. Above 18 per cent protein 6 samples. Between 17 and 18 per cent protein 6 " 16 " 17 " 21 " " 15 " 16 j'.'l 23 | " 14 " 15 " 26 " " 13 " 14 " 15 " « 12 ". 13 " 18 " « 11 " 12 " ;» 5 " « 10 « 11 3 " Below 10 per cent protein 1 It is scarcely necessary to add that no vital weed seeds were found in any of these samples. The fineness of grinding precluded the possibility of this. If it be asked whether in view of the data now reported, the Department would be justified in recognizing Feed Flour as a distinct article from Shorts or Middlings, I must confess to some hesitation in arriving at a decision. If the point be conceded, it would seem reasonable to require Feed Flour to 23 samples. 47 44 " 10 Aiun.rvitATHiS or food 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 approximate in composition to ordinary flour, in which case the subjoined standards would apply : : Moisture not to exceed 13-5 percent. Proteids " less than 10-0 " Fat " " 1-0 " Fibre " more than 1-5 " The suggested standards are based on the composition of flours of a low grade, such as might naturally be looked for in flour offered for sale as a cattle feed. With a single exception (No. 5725) all the samples reported would meet such a standard. The alternative mode of treating these feeds would be to require them to be marketed as registered feed, and sold on the basis of guaranteed value. Many of them so considerably exceed the minimum values suggested as standards for Feed Flours, that it would doubtless be to the advantage of the manufacturer to adopt this method, and sell them as registered feeds. Whether or not the convenience to manufacturer and to consumer would out- weigh the loss to the manufacturer incurred by selling as feed flour an article greatly exceeding suggested standard requirements for this article, is matter for the considera- tion of both parties. BULLETIN No. 351— BAY RUM, FLORIDA WATER, Etc. Ottawa, November 3, 1916. Sir, — I beg to hand you herewith a report upon 75 samples of toilet preparations, chiefly Bay Rum and Florida Water, containing alcohol. The Inland Revenue Act, as amended in 1908, requires all preparations con- taining methyl alcohol to be labelled in such a way as to inform the purchaser of the fact. " Every person who uses methyl alcohol, or spirits containing methyl alcohol in any form, in any pharmaceutical, medicinal or other preparation intended for external use shall affix to the vessel containing the said preparation a label stating, in black letters not less than one-fourth of an inch in height, the presence of methyl alcohol therein; and every person violating the provisions of this sub-section shall incur a penalty not less than fifty dollars and not exceeding two hundred dollars." Four samples of the present collection contain methyl alcohol in violation of the Act named. BULLETIN No. 352 — EVAPORATED FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. Ottawa, November 16, 1916. Sir: — I beg to hand you a report upon 180 samples purchased by our inspectors in December, January and February last, as dried or evaporated Fruit and Vegetables. The object had in view in this inspection was the ascertainment of the content of sulphur-dioxide in this class of foods. An order in Council of 4th April, 1914, published as Circular G. 1111, limits the amount of sulphurous acid (sulphur-dioxide) which may be present in solid foods to 1 part in 2,000 parts (equivalent to 500 parts per million). Sulphurous Acid is largely employed in the bleaching of those fruits and vegetables 28 INLAND R E I ENl E8 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 in whose case it is desirable to have the product as light coloured as possible. There is, of course, a temptation to use excess of the bleaching agent; and as this is more or less poisonous, above very narrow limits, it is important that a strict watch be kept upon the articles treated with it. Our inspectors have, unfortunately, included a large number of samples in whose case the employment of a bleaching agent is unnecessary; such as prunes, raisins, currants, etc. These samples, which of .course, contain no sulphur-dioxide, I have relegated to Table II in this report, and have merely reported upon their general soundness and cleanliness. The samples included in this report may be grouped as follows : Table I. Sample in whose preparation sulphurous acid is likely to be employed as a bleach. Evaporated Apples 35 samples. Apricots 18 " Peaches 30 " Pears i 4 " Total 87 " Taiji.e II. Samples in whose preparation sulphurous acid is not required as a bleach. Tinned goods 3 samples. Prunes 36 Figs 12 Dates 3 « Raisins 3 Pineapple 1 sample. Vegetable soups 3 samples. Candied peel 2 Currants 2 Dried carrots 1 sample. u 1 " peas * " potatoes 1 " " peaches 7 samples. " apricots 9 " " apples 5 " pears 4 • Total 93 In the last five kinds sulphurous acid might be present; but these are included in Table 11 because, through oversight, its determination was not made in these twenty- . six samples. So far as the 93 samples of Table I are concerned, I find as follows : Contain no sulphurous acid ' 19 samples. " no excess sulphurous acid 47 " " slight excess sulphurous acid 3 I a decided excess sulphurous acid 18 " Total 87 ADULTERATION OF FOOD 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Eighteen samples containing above one and one half (1-5) parts of sulphurous acid per 2,000 parts by weight, I find : — Containing 4 parts per 2,000 1 sample. " 3 " 5 samples. " 2 " 8 " " less than 2 parts 4 " Total 18 " It is regrettable that this report has been so long delayed, due to press of work and the fact that our staff is shorthanded. I would respectfully recommend that no action be taken upon it, partly for this reason, and partly because it is a first inspection under our standards for sulphurous acid. A further and more extended inspection will be made at as early a date as possible. BULLETIN No. 353— TEMPERANCE BEER. Ottawa, November 13, 1916. Sm, — I beg to hand you a report upon 129 samples purchased by our inspectors in February, March and April last as Temperance Beer. An Order in Council of February 8, 1911 and published as Circular G. 947 defines Malt Liquors and Malt Beverages as follows : "1. Malt Liquor is a beverage made by the alcoholic fermentation of an infusion in potable water, of barley malt and hops. 2. Ale or beer is a beverage produced by top fermentation of an infusion, in potable water, of barley malt and hops ; with or without other starchy and saccharine matters and contains in one hundred (100) cubic centimetres (20° C.) not less than two and seventy-five one-hundredths (2-75) grammes of alcohol (equivalent to six (6) per cent by volume of proof spirits), not less than three and one half (3-5) grammes of extract, and not less than eleven one-hundredths (0-11) gramme of ash, chiefly potassium phos- phate. 3. Porter and Stout are varieties of ale or beer made in part from highly roasted malt, or barley, and agree, in other respects, with the requirements for ale and beer. 4. Lager Beer, is beer produced by bottom fermentation which contains, in one hundred (100) cubic centimetres (20° C), not less than three and one-half (3-5) grammes of extractive matter and eleven one-hundredths (0-11) gramme of ash, chiefly potassium phosphate, and not less than two and fifty hundredths (2-50) grammes of alcohol, equivalent to five and five tenths (5-5) per cent by volume, of proof spirits. 5. Light Beer, is a Beer, containing in one hundred (100 cubic centimetres, at 20° C. less than two (2) grammes of alcohol (equivalent to less than four and four- tenths (4-4) per cent by volume of proof spirits)." It will be observed that Beer (Ale), Lager Beer and Light Beer are defined. The last named may contain up to 4-4 per cent, of proof spirits. The article known and extensively sold as Temperance Beer, or Nun-alcoholic Beer, has appeared on our markets since the enactment of the above quoted standards, and is, undoubtedly intended to meet the requirements of the Anti-Liquor Laws recently passed by several of the Provincial Legislatures. All the above named types of Beer defined by G. 947 are spirituous liquors, and as such are debarred from sale wherever the Anti-Liquor laws are in force. Brewers have quite naturally sought to meet the popular demand for an article resembling beer, and 30 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 possessing some of the properties of beer, by placing on the market a malt product which should contain so little alcohol as to permit its sale as a non-alcoholic beverage. In defining fruit juices and other non-alcoholic drinks, it was found necessary to recognize the fact that, as most of these beverages contain fermentable material (sugars), small quantities of alcohol must naturally be present, due to unintentional fermentation in manufacture or in storage. The actual amount of such accidental alcohol might be very small; but practical conditions of bottling, transportation and storage make it poe6ible for the alcohol — to increase in amount, after leaving the factory, and it was necessary to ascertain, by actual analysis, the facts of the case. It may be well to introduce here a brief summary of the data upon whose study a recom- mendation was made by your Advisory Board. (Alcohol is stated in terms of proof spirit) Bulletin No. 82, published in 1902, reported 15 samples sold as Unfermented Grape Juice : 2 samples contained no alcohol. 9 " " traces only. 4 " " amounts varying from 1-86 per cent, to 3-30 per cent. Bulletin No. 9k, published in 1904, reported 21 samples of Sweet Cider. 1 sample contained no alcobol. 15 " " less than 1-75 per cent. 5 " more than 1-75 per cent, and up to 3-85 per cent. Bulletin No. 166, published in 1908, reported 63 samples of so-called Unfermented Grape Juice. , 51 samples contained no alcohol, or traces only. 1 " " less than 1 per cent. 2 " " less than 2 per cent. 1 " " less than 3 per cent. 5 " " less than 4 per cent. 2 " " less than 5 per cent. 1 " " above 5 per cent. Bulletin No. 169, published in 1908, reported 15 samples of Sweet Cider. . 10 samples contained no alcohol or traces only. 3 " " less than 1 per cent. 1 " " 1-16 per cent. 1 " " 2-48 per cent. Bulletin No. 239, published in 1912, reports upon 36 samples of bweet Cider, very few of which were entirely free from alcohol. 22 samples gave less than 1 per cent. 5 " " " 2 " tj t( (( U g « 2 " " more than 3 per cent. Bulletin No. 280, published in 1914, reports 150 samples of so-called Soft Drinks. Most of these are free from more than traces of alcohol; but three samples of Ginger Beer contained over 3-50 per cent, proof spirits. Bulletin No. 307, published in 1915, reports upon 111 samples of Unfermented Grape Juice. With few exceptions the alcohol does not exceed 3-50 per cent, (proof spirit), but scarcely any samples are entirely free from alcohol. Experience gained since 1911 serves to strengthen my opinion that the limit fixed by Order in Council, in that year, is a reasonable one. Anything more exacting would work unnecessary hardship to manufacturers of Grape Juice, Sweet Cider, and so-called Soft Drinks. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 It is of course, to be kept in mind that the number 3-5 per cent, proof spirit is a limit number, which will, under normal conditions of sale, be met with in soft drinks only at long intervals and in rare cases. So-called "Temperance Beer" is, on the contrary, intended to be a non-alcoholic beverage only in the sense of containing not more alcohol than 3-5 per cent, while the manufacturer endeavours to work as close to this limit number as possible. It has even been urged that an occasional excess of spirit above 3-5 per cent, should not be held to constitute adulteration, since the fact that, as a rule, this class of beer contains no more than 3-5 per cent, of spirit proves the brewer's intention not to exceed this limit. Occasional excess is therefore clearly accidental and should be so regarded. If Temperance Beer is given legal recognition — at present it has none — the above contention may be regarded as reasonable. The report now placed in your hands concerns 129 samples sold as Temperance Beer. Of this number, 114 samples contain not more than 3-5 per cent, of proof spirit; and if the terms of the Order in Council of 8th February 1911 may be construed as applying to the article in question, these samples must be regarded as non-alcoholic beverages, under the Federal Act. Several of the Provincial Acts fix 2-5 per cent, of proof spirit as the limit for tem- perance beers. Eighty-four (84) of these samples meet provincial requirements. Fifteen (15) samples contain more than 3-5 per cent. In detail as follows: 3- 71 per cent 1 sample. 4- 12 " 2 " 4-26 " .". 1 " 4-40 " 1 " 4-52 " , 2 4-64 " 1 " 4-76 " 1 " 4- 89 " 2 5- 01 " 2 " 5-37 " 1 " 5-98 " 1 Since Temperance Beer, under which name these articles were sold, is not recog- nized legally, it is questionable whether or not they can be judged as adulterated under the Act. Of course if we recognize this term as defining a non-alcoholic beverage, they contravene the Order in Council of 8th February 1911, and are adulterated. In this connection it may be well to point out that the specific gravity of the alco- holic distillate has been interpreted by reference to the Hehner Tables. These Tables have, since 1884, when a special edition of them was published by this Department and distributed for the use of its officers, been accepted as official. I have not, however, been able to find any strictly legal sanction for their use in preference to other Alcohol Tables, variously authorized, with which they do not strictly conform. I would respectfully advise the authoritative adoption of some one set of tables; and a set recently prepared under the direction of Sir Edward Thorpe, Principal of the Government Laboratories of Great Britain, would appear to be the best available. The Tables in question have been constructed with very great care, and are based upon the latest and most exact data in existence. It is further to be observed that under ordinary conditions of working, there is a limit to accuracy practically obtainable. Very extended work in these laboratories leads me to conclude that the fourth decimal figure of the number expressing the spe- cific gravity of a highly diluted alcohol may, even in careful hands, vary to the extent of one unit. This corresponds to an amount of proof spirit represented by approxim- ately two-tenths (0-2) of one per cent, and I regard it as reasonable to allow a variation of this amount in interpretation. In other words, a beverage showing 3-70 per cent, of proof spirit, as the result of analysis, should not be held to exceed the legal limit of 3-50 per cent, by an amount which could justify legal penalty. 32 l.XLAXD REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 BULLETIN No. 354 — GLUTEN FLOUR, Etc. Ottawa, November 16, 1916. Sir, — We have on many occasions during recent years been asked to make an exam- ination of the cereal foods offered especially for the use of persons suffering from dia- betes mellitus. These foods, of which a considerable number are on the market, are usually high priced articles ; and that they should be costly in comparison with ordinary cereal foods, is but reasonable, since if they fulfil their claim to contain a high per- centage of cereal proteins, and in consequence, a comparatively small percentage of starch, their manufacture necessitates the employment of a correspondingly large amount of raw material, as well as the use of skilled labour. The wrong done to sufferers from diabetes caused by misrepresentation of the character of these foods, is very apparent; and the demand that we should require foods of the class referred to, to meet definite standards is not at all unreasonable. It is acknowledged by physicians that the use of foods containing starch or sugar (gly- cogenic carbohydrates) in large amount, is dangerous to persons suffering from dia- betes; and the whole class of foods to which I refer is characterized by relatively low carbohydrate content. That carbohydrates should be entirely absent is neither neces- sary nor desirable; but the degree of toleration of carbohydrates must be determined by the physician in each individual case. It is evident that intelligent advice can only be given when the physician is cor- rectly informed as to the composition of the food which he prescribes. Alike, then, from the point of view of physician and patient, it is necesary that dietary food3 for the diabetic should be standardized; and the name under which such foods are sold, should carry a definite meaning. The work of the Agricultural Experiment Station at New Haven, Conn, during the past five years (see reports for 1911 to 1915) has demonstrated that many of the special foods sold for the use of diabetics, are essentially fraudulent; and national attention has been called to the matter by the excellent work done in Connecticut and elsewhere. In consequence of this, the following decision has quite recently been issued by the Department of Agriculture at "Washington. FOOD INSPECTION DECISION 160. Gluten products and "Diabetic" Food. The following definitions and standards for gluten products and "diabetic" food were adopted by the Joint Committee on Definitions and Standards April 9, 1915, and were approved by the Association of American Dairy, Food, and Drug Officials, August 3, 1915, and by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, November 17, 1915 : Ground gluten is the clean, sound product made from wheat flour by the almost complete removal of starch and contains not more than ten per cent (10%) of moisture, and, calculated on the water-free basis, not less than fourteen and two-tenths per cent (14-2%) of nitrogen, not more than fifteen per cent (15%) of nitrogen-free extract (using protein factor 5-7) and not more than five and five-tenths per cent (5-5%) of starch (as determined by the diastase method). Gluten flour is the clean, sound product made from wheat flour by the removal of a large part of the starch and contains not more than ten per cent (10%) of moisture, and, calculated on the water-free basis, not less than seven and one-tenth per -cent .1 lirLTERATIOy OF FOOD 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 (71%) of nitrogen, not more than fifty-six per cent (56%) of nitrogen-free extract (using the protein factor 5-7), and-not more than fourty-four per cent (44%) of starch (as determined by the diastase method.) Gluten flour, self-raising , is a gluten flour containing not more than ten per cent (10%) of moisture, and leavening agents with or without salt. "Diabetic food. Although most foods may be suitable under certain conditions for the use of persons suffering from diabetes, the term "diabetic" as applied to food indi- cates a considerable lessening of the carbohydrates found in ordinary products of the same class, and this belief is fostered by many manufacturers on their labels and in their advertising literature. A "diabetic" food contains not more than half as much glycogenic carbohydrates as the normal food of the same class. Any statement on the label which gives the impression that any single food in unlimited quantity is suitable for the diabetic patient is false and misleading. The foregoing definitions and standards are adopted as a guide for the officials of this Department in enforcing the Food and Drugs Act. D. F. HOUSTON, Secretary of Agriculture. Washington, D.C., January 3, 1916. It will be noted that the terms "ground gluten" "gluten flour" and "diabetic food" are more or less closely defined. In the present state of our knowledge, I do not think it practicable to be more specific than the requirements of the Decision above quoted. The present report concerns 21 samples purchased by our inspectors under various names, but all evidently intended for the use of sufferers from diabetes. They may be classified as follows: Gluten flour 9 samples. Gluten meal 3 " Gluten bread 3 " Diabetic bread 1 " Diet flour 2 " Dainty Fluffs 1 ■ " Gum Gluten Granules 1 " Casoid Biscuits 1 " Total. . 21 samples. In order to apply standards effectively it should be required of manufacturers that, in addition to whatever specific name they may chose to give their product, a sub- title should be used, and legibly printed on the label, fixing the special class: — ground gluten, gluten flour or diabetic food to which the article conforms. It will be noted that ground gluten is required to contain at least 14-2 per cent, of nitrogen (equivalent to 80-94 per cent, protein, if the factor 5-7 is used, or 88-75 per cent if the usual factor, 6-25 is used) ; gluten flour, 7-1 per cent, nitrogen (equiva- lent to 40-47 or 44-375 per cent, protein) or half the amount contained in gluten. Diabetic foods generally, are required to contain not more than half the amount of carbohydrates that a normal food of the same class would contain. The starch limit for gluten is fixed at 5-5 per cent, and for gluten flour at 44 per cent. 14-3 34 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Wynter Blyth (quoted by Allen 1, 459) gives the following proteid and carbo- hydrate percentages for wbeaten bread : — calculated on the loaf containing moisture. Mean for Mean for Minimum. Maximum. Fine bread. Coarse bread. Water 26-39 47-90 38-51 41 02 Proteids 4-81 8-69 6-82 6-23 Carbohydrates 39-75 67-45 49-97 48-69 The average proteids and carbohydrates in ordinary bread, calculated upon the dry material, would therefore be. _ _ . , (Proteids 11-91 per cent. For fine bread ) Carboliydrates 81.26 For coarse bread ^ro^s- ™'56 } Carbohydrates 82-55 According to this standard, diabetic breads should not contain above about 40 per cent, of carbohydrates, calculated upon the dry material; and by a parity of reasoning they shtfuld contain at least 22 per cent, of proteids. I have used the following numbers as a guide in interpreting the results of analysis. It must be remembered that, in the absence of legalized standards, my conclusions must be regarded as merely expressions of opinion. Limits for Proteids. Carbohydrates. (Minimum). (Maximum). Gluten 80 6 Gluten Flour 40 45 Diabetic Breads 20 42 Three (3) samples meet the required standard for gluten, and five (5) samples meet the standard suggested for diabetic flour or bread. The remaining thirteen (13) samples do not justify any reasonable claim to be regarded as diabetic foods. BULLETIN No. 355— BRAN. Ottawa, November 17, 1916. Sir, — I have the honour to hand you a report upon 186 samples of Bran, pur- chased by our inspectors throughout the Dominion in February, March and April of this year. Standards for Bran were legalized by Order in Council in October, 1910 (G. 932) and require this article to contain at least 14 per cent of proteids and 3 per cent of fat, with not more than 10 per cent of fibre. The Feeding Stuffs Act of 1909, Section 15, provides that a deficiency of one per cent of protein or fat, or an excess of two per cent of fibre shall not be held as evidence of fraudulent intent on the part of the manufacturer, so long as the total value of the feeding stuff in nutritive materials is substantially equivalent to its guaranteed value. I am glad to say that all of the samples now reported fulfil legal requirements in respect to nutritive value. The great majority of these samples are indeed, consider- ably above the minimum value required for Bran. ADULTER 177 OA <>l' FOOD 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 In reply to a Circular of inquiry (G. 1200) distributed to the milling industry in August of last year, several of the larger milling companies contended that our stan- dards for fibre in Bran were too high. They asserted that, while for most years the fibre in Bran might not exceed 10 per cent, in exceptional years, the fibre content would exceed this limit. Regarding this matter, the subjoined data are available. Source of information. Year. N' i. of samples examined. No. exceeding 10% fibre. Mean fibre p. c. I. R. Bulletin 116 1906 29 19 11.11 , .„ 156 1908 27 5 8.69 i. 191 1909 148 39 9.26 231 1912 78 8 8.60 .. 254 i ... 1913 135 8 8.80 „ 302 1"15 187 19 9.00 1905 25 9.90 1912 28 8.73 1913 57 9.48- 1914 54 9.48 1915 72 9 64 1913 76 9 22 1914 46 9.14 It is to be kept in mind that the figures just quoted were obtained by work done upon commercial samples of Bran, many of which were adulterated by addition of oat-hulls and other matters containing fibre, hence the average results are decidedly higher than would be the case had only genuine wheat-bran been included. So far as the present inspection is concerned, 35 samples (out of 1S6) show more than 10 per cent of fibre. Only 8 samples exceed 11 per cent and the highest fibre found is 11-95 per cent. Section 15 of the Feeding Stuffs Act permits an excess of two per cent (maximum of 12 per cent fibre) provided that the total value of the Bran meets requirements. The particular sample now referred to shows 14-53 per cent proteids and 5-26 per cent of fat, so that the excess of fibre is fully compensated. The great majority of these samples fall well within the 10 per cent limit. Under these circumstances I find no reason for advising reconsideration of the fibre standard for Bran. Although from the point of view of nutrient value all the samples herein reported meet legal requirements. Fifteen samples are found to contain more than 25 noxious weed seeds per pound. The very liberal interpretation of the Weeds Seeds Act, in virtue of which we permit 25 seeds per pound is based upon the consideration that before these seeds have a chance of germination they are passed through the digestive system of animals to whom the Bran is fed, and it is reasonable to expect that a con- siderable proportion of the vital seeds in the feed will in this way have their germinat- ing power destroyed. Experimental work on this subject done in the Maryland Experiment Station in 1908, and quoted in Bulletin Kn. 254 cf this Department, seems to justify the limit of 25 seeds per pound as reasonable. At the same time, it is to be noted that this limit has not, up to the present, received legal recognition. 14-3| 36 in lax i j \ Em /> 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 BULLETIN No. 356— ASPIRIN TABLETS. Ottawa, November 17, 1916. Sir : — I beg to hand you a report upon 65 Tablets containing Aspirin analyzed in these laboratories. Inspection of this article was made on account of complaints originating in Chicago, where Canadian made tablets were suspected to be spurious and fraudulent. So far as the work recorded goes, it shows the Canadian made article to be of very good quality. The tablets nominally contain 5 grains of aspirin, and the variations found are _not in excess, for the most part, of normal variation for machine made tablets. BULLETIN No. 357— CANNED TOMATOES. Ottawa, 23rd November, 1916. Sir, — I have the honour to hand you a report upon Canned Tomatoes, as pur- chased by our inspectors in February, March and April of this year. Without exception the contents of these cans proved to be sound and good; and it is evident that care had been taken to employ only fruit of good quality in their preparation. As in the inspection of 1912 (see Bulletin No . 246) the cans in which these tomatoes are packed, represent three sizes, which m»y be designated as large, medium and small. Large size, from 950 to 1,050 cubic centimetres, or approximately from 34 to 37 ounces 199 samples. Medium size, from 850 to 875 cubic centimetres, or approximately 31 ounces 2tf " Small size, about 600 cubic centimetres, or appro- ximately 21 ounces 6 " The small size tins are only found in Western Canada, 1 sample having been obtained in Manitoba and 5 samples in British Columbia. The medium size appears also to be characteristic of Western Canada, 1 sample was found in the Eastern Townships, 1 in Ontario, 6 in Alberta, and 19 in British Columbia. The subject matter of this report represents 88 different brands of Canned Tomatoes. By far the larger number of these are put up in tins of 34 to 37 ounces capacity, usually known as two pound tins. Of course the value furnished to the consumer, is dependent upon the content of actual fruit; and while it is a matter of great difficulty to determine this with any high degree of exactness, the method employed by us is probably as satisfactory as any that could be devised. In all of the samples now reported, the gross weight of the tin and contents has first been ascertained. The whole contents are then turned out upon a piece of cheese cloth, of known weight, spread upon a sieve of six inches diameter, and allowed to drain for approximately two hours, without pressure, or until drops fall at intervals, of more than 5 seconds. The weight of residual solids is determined either by direct weighing, or by deducting the weight of the separated water. m>i i.i I7VO.V OF FOOD 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 The following method has been tentatively recommended by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists of the U.S.A. (See Journal, August 15, 1915, p. 185). " The preparation of the sample for analysis depends upon the character of the product and the determinations to be made. Samples in which only the solid or liquid portion is required should be treated as follows: Weigh the full can, open, pour off the liquid, allow the solid portion to drain for a minute, re-weigh the can and drained vegetables, then remove the solid portion and weigh the dry, empty can. The method selected for draining the vegetables is dependent upon the nature and condition of the sample. In most cases it is sufficient to cut around the cover and before turning it back allow the liquor to drain through the slit. Whenever a portion of the solid material would escape with the liquor by this procedure, drain upon a piece of cheese- cloth. From the weights thus obtained determine the percentage of liquid and solid contents." The difficulty of defining a perfectly satisfactory method of working has delayed the adoption of regulations in the matter of Canned Tomatoes. The U.S.A., Bureau of Chemistry, under date 11 Oct. 1916 (see Service and Kegulatory Announcements No. 184) makes the following statement: " Since Circular 68 was issued, there are being produced in increasing quanti- ties, tomato products of varying degrees of concentration. The Department is con- sidering the adoption of a scale for testing tomato products, varying with the degree of concentration. If it is decided to adopt such a scale, public announcement will be given." The information given by the report now handed to you, together with that sup- plied in Bulletin No. 246, should enable your Advisory Board to proceed intelligently in the matter of recommending action under Section 26 of the Adulteration Act, should action be considered necessary. In order to a more convenient study of these data, I have arranged them in parallel columns with the corresponding results obtained in 1912 and published in Bulletin No. 246. Most of the brands named are put up only in cans of large size. A small number of brands are put up only in medium and small sized cans. The following list, which includes samples inspected in 1912 as well as those now reported, shows the brands which are packed variously. Table I. Brands of Canned Tomatoes put up in tins of differing size. Inspections of 1912 and 1916. Brand Name. Large size. Medium Small. Total. Big 1 0 1 2 British Canadian 2 0 1 3 Canada First 7 3 1 11 E D. S 3 0 1 4 Fretz I 1 0 2 Kelowna 0 1 2 3 Lynn Valley 17 1 0 18 Maple Leaf 10 2 0 12 Orchard City 3 2 0 5 Prairie 5 1 0 6 Pride Niagara Falls 1 1 0 2 Pure Food 0 1 0 1 Quaker 6 7 3 16 Red Feather 1 1 0 2 Royal City 0 2 1 3 Standard of Empire 1 2 0 3 Thistle 5 4 0 9 Totals 63 29 10 102 38 INLAND RE I IJNUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Mountain Crest is put up in the small size only, and the following brands, in medium size only, so far as our inspections show: viz: — Meco, Talisman, Alamo, Bear, Bohemian, Cutting P. Co., Del Monte, Finest, Faultless, Gold Medal Malkins Best, North Star, Sunshine. Table II. The following table gives the weight of the contents of small size tins. This weight refers to the solids determined as already described, and is stated in ounces. Brand. Big , .. British Canadian . Canada First . . . E. D. S Kelowna Mountain Crest.. Quaker Royal Ci ty Totals. Number of Samples. Weight Total. of Contents. 1912. 1916. 1 0 1 95 0 1 1 100 0 1 1 8-2 1. 0 1 14 4 2 0 2 12 0* 0 1 1 105 1 2 3 8 6* 0 1 1 80 5 6 11 10 1* Mean. Table in. Samples contained in Medium size tins. Brand. Alamo All Gold Bear Bohemian Canada First Cutting P. Co . . . . Del Monte Faultle-s Finest Fretz Gold Medal Kelowna Lynn Valley Malkins' Best Maple Leaf Meco North Star Orchard City . Prairie Pride N. Falls Pure Food Quaker Red Feather Royal City Standard of Empire. Sunshine Talisman Thistle Totals. Number of Samples. 1912. 23 1916. 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 0 2 27 Total. 1 1 2 1 1 1 7 1 2 2 1 2 4 50 * Mean. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Table IV. Samples packed in large size- tins. Brand. ■ 1912. 1916. Total. : Solids (ounces. ) 3 0 3 14 2* O A l„, J 0 2 14 3* 0 1 1 125 3 0 3 16 6* 5 Big , 1 0 1 208 i' i*i i^.j ,1 1 0 1 20 9 1 0 1 19 4 0 ij 1 1 2 0 2 18-7* 0 3 3 115* 0 2 2 15 1* 0 1 1 15 0 1 0 / 1 . ^ „ . . * 1 0 7 7 15 9* 2 0 2 19 8* 0 2 2 157* 1 0 1 22 4 1 i\ ^11 ■ . 0 1 1 14 2 0 1 1 15 2 1 0 f 1 J 0 7 7 154* 0 1 1 13 '7 o/\ 1 \ 1 1 0 1 19 9 91 T~\^.rL ■ • 0 1 1 13 5 k)0 1 v „ 1 0 1 1 147 OQ 11 0 1 1 132 0 1 1 16 5 OX 17 1 i c? 1 2 3 16 4* 9A 1?^:^,^-,,. 0 1 1 155 97 i,1 1 . . ' 0 1 1 165 2 2 4 17 4* OQ 17 0 1 1 13 0 (? 1 \ 17; a. Ty' 1 _ 0 2 2 20 9* 91 ri 17 it 1 0 1 229 '.>•) T71 i i; 0 5 5 13 9* Q •) 1W . . j > "O , 1 0 1 128 0 3 3 17 6* QE 1,1 0 1 1 18 1 0 3 3 16 2* / 1 1 _ /^lii... 1 1 2 171* / 1 1 1 2 4 6 16 6* 2 0 2 22 '0* 1(1 nil 1U (jrOld 1 0 1 18 3 1 1 1 1 i .1 i > i 0 3 3 16 1* 1 0 f-\ i j n r , 0 1 1 160 1 1 2 15 0* 0 2 2 15 0* 0 4 4 16 6* 46 Harvester 1 0 1 164 4 1 5 194* 48 Home Grown ... . 1 0 1 21 '6 49 Horseshoe 0 1 1 145 50 Hygeian 0 3 3 16 6* 51 Ice Castle 1 0 1 190 52 King Lake 0 1 1 152 53 Lasso . . . , 3 0 3 17 6* 54 Lily Vale 0 1 1 13 5 55 Lion 1 14 15 14 5* 56 Little Chief 8 21 29 15 4* 0 6 6 15 4* 58 Lynn Valley 7 11 18 16 9* 59 Lucky Horseshoe 1 0 1 20 5 60 Maple Leaf 5 5 10 16 9* * Mean. 40 IX LAX D REYi:XUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Brand. 1912. 19K). Total. Solids (ounces. ) 1 0 1 197 1 0 1 20 4 0 1 1 10 0 0 2 2 15 2 0 2 2 17 7* 0 5 5 14 0* 07 Old Church 0 1 1 10 3 5 2 7 17 5* I •! 1 / \ 1 1 Al ll 0 1 1 10 0 0 1 1 15 '2 fm I /~ \ 1 J { \ 1 ] 0 4 4 17.5* / 41 J tJ A. 2 0 2 178 73 Orchard City 1 2 3 10 6* r* i /"\ r 3 /"1 1 ■ 0 1 1 10 3 0 2 2 12'8* 76 Peerless 2 0 18 0 1 1 2 18 1* 0 1 1 150 i i 0 i i 19 ' 0 0 0 5 19 3* Ol i > ' i _ p /I 11 l I ■ 1 1 1 0 1 19 2 Oil T > ' ,1 r "V " ^ T."1 11.- 0 1 1 17 0 0 1 1 13'5 4 1 5 18 3* 85 Princess 1 \ 2 17 7* 0 1 1 15 2 0 6 6 15 0* 88 Pure Food 1 0 1 22 3 1 1 2 18 6* 3 3 6 17 1* 0 1 1 15 '5 92 Red Feather 0 1 1 14o 93 Riverside 0 2 2 17 0* 1 0 1 17 '9 1 0 1 15 5 2 0 2 17 3* 2 0 2 17 1* 98 Standard of Empire 0 1 1 14 2 1 0 1 19 6 0 2 2 14 5* 1 1 2 19 1* i/.ri O " T»_11 0 2 2 157* 2 1 3 15 7* 0 1 1 20 0 5 0 5 179* 2 3 5 100* 107 Three Stars 1 0 1 105 108 Triangle o 1 1 13 5 3 0 3 208 0 1 1 14 5 0 1 1 140 112 Vine 2 6 8 17 4* 113 Vulcan 0 1 1 135 114 White Rose 0 1 1 135 * Mean. In many of the 114 brands reported in Table IV, where more than a single sample has been examined, great variability in the quantity of solids has been observed. I have selected a few of the brands — those in which at least six samples have been examined — in illustration of this variability. A I>1 /> '/ /. /.' I Tl<) V or FOOD 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Table V. Solids (ounces). Name of Brand. lotai sain | tics. Maximum. Minimum. ' Mean. 7 165 153 159 7 175 13 r 15 4 Gazelle 6 20 2 153 166 15 181 12 0 145 Little Chief 29 22 0 112 154 C 160 145 154 18 232 14 2 169 10 243 12 3 169 7 208 15 0 175 Prospectors 6 172 14 0 150 6 190 150 171 8 22 5 140 174 The extremely large variation in amount of fruit solids contained in tins of similar size, and similar selling value, is noteworthy. If such differences are neces- sitated by the nature of the process of packing tomatoes, then surely there is great room for improvement in this art In Bulletin No. 246 I ventured to recommend that a minimum weight of fruit solids should be legalized for each size of can, and suggested the following: For large size cans 20 ounces. " medium " " 17 " small " " 12-5 " It will be seen from Table V, that the suggested maximum for large sized tins is reached by six brands only, and this only as an exception ; the mean contents for these six brands being 16-6; 15-4; 16-9; 16-9; 17-5; 17-4 ounces. It may be that the suggested minimum was too high. The whole subject demands further consideration; and it is in the belief that the facts now recorded may be helpful in enabling a just conclusion to be reached that I, would respectfully advise publication of this report as Bulletin No. 357. BULLETIN No. 358— CASSIA. Ottawa, December 6, 1916. Sir, — I beg to hand you a report upon 143 samples purchased throughout Canada by our inspectors, as Cassia. This spice, which finds extensive sale in Canada, has never been legally defined in such a way as to fix limiting values, and to enable us to declare its genuineness or otherwise. Cassia closely resembles the spice known as Cinnamon, and indeed may be regarded as indistinguishable from the latter, so far as retail spice trade is concerned. Cinnamon and Cassia are the dry barks of trees which belong to the same botanic genus, Ciunamomum. Cinnamon is the bark of C. Zeylanicum, chiefly grown in Ceylon and the East Indies; Cassia is the bark of C. Cassia, chiefly grown in China AO INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 and India. The former bark is thinner, lighter in colour and exists (commercially) in smaller rolls than Cassia bark. It is sufficiently easy to distinguish the two articles, in the unground state; and there is a considerable difference in price between whole cinnamon and whole cassia. The botanical elements of the two are, however, prac- tically identical; and, in the finely ground state, it becomes a difficult, if not an im- possible thing, to discriminate between them. The darker colour of Cassia is almost the only distinctive character that remains. Whether cassia is inferior to cinnamon for flavouring purposes, in cookery, is an open question. The general impression is that cinnamon is preferable. Its higher price is doubtless due to this preference. At the same time it is certain that much, if not most, of the ground cinnamon of commerce, is really ground cassia. Several grinders distinctly label their goods with the word Cassia; and it is probable that the same epicemen put on the market a higher priced article under the name Cinnamon; but of this I have no conclusive proof. It is however quite certain that the spice in question is known to most domestic users as Cinnamon; while the term Cassia conveys a very vague meaning, or no meaning whatever. Throughout Quebec the article is known as Canelle, which means cinnamon as distinguished from cassia, to which belongs the term Casse, seldom mentioned except as a drug. From an interesting paper on the subject, by H. E. Sindall, Chemist to the Meikel and Smith Spice Co. of Philadelphia (Journal Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 1912, 590) it appears that the classification of the article as Cinnamon or Cassia in commerce depends as much upon its source as upon its chemical or physical properties. The British Pharmacopoeia defines Cinnamon bark (Cinnamomi cortex) which is required to be free from cork or woody tissues, and to contain not more than 5 per cent ash; but Cassia is not defined by the pharmacopoeias. So far as our experience goes, true Cinnamon, in the restricted sense, is but little if at all employed as a spice, in the ground condition. Under these circumstances, it will be seen that a discrimination between cinnamon and cassia, as spices, is difficult to maintain. It is open to question how far we may take the darker colour of cassia, as evidence of its presence. The difficulty of distinguishing between cinnamon and cassia, in the ground state, is recognized by the Committee of Standards at Washington, as shown by the following definitions proclaimed as legal for the United States in June, 1906. Cinnamon is the dried bark of any species of the genus Cinnamomum, from which the outer layers may or may not have been removed. True Cinnamon is the dried inner bark of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, Breyne. Cassia, is the dried bark of various species of Cinnamomum, other than Cinna- momum Zeylanicum, from which the outer layers may or may not have been removed. Cassia buds are the dried, immature fruit of species of Cinnamomum. Ground Cinnamon, Ground Cassia, is a powder consisting of Cinnamon, Cassia or Cassia buds, or a mixture of these species and contains not more than six (6) pet- cent of total ash, and not more than two (2) per cent of sand. It will be noted that ground Cinnamon and ground Cassia are virtually recognized as identical; and this is in accord with actual experience. The flavour of true Cinnamon is usually understood to be somewhat more delicate than that of Cassia; but on careful examination of the matter I am of opinion that the distinction has no value for purposes of a definition. According to accessible literature, the article shipped as Cassia from China, Ceylon, Batavia and other sources, varies greatly in cleanliness; and it would seem that determination of the ash furnishes the most valuable datum in this regard The total ash in a large number of samples reported by Sindall (Journal Industrial and Eng. Chemistry 1912, 590), representing extensive importations for the years 1908 to 1911, varied from about 3 per cent to about 13 per cent. The last quoted figure is however quite exceptional, and very few samples exceeded 7 per cent. ADULTER ITIOH OF FOOD 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Six per cent appears to be a very reasonable maximum figure for a good article; and I have noted " ash excessive " in samples now reported, wherever the total ash exceeds 6 per cent or the insoluble ash (sand) exceeds 2 per cent. Twenty two (22) samples show ash in excess of the suggested standard. BULLETIN No. 359— TEA. Ottawa, December 30, 19 1G. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith a report upon the examination of 250 samples purchased as tea. These samples represent the article as sold at retail, throughout Canada, and were purchased by the Food Inspectors of this department between April and July of the present year. Advantage has been taken of this opportunity to make an exhaustive study of methods variously employed in ascertaining the extractive matters of tea. The im- portance and indeed the necessity of this investigation will be evident from the follow- ing resume of correspondence, etc. in the matter. The first systematic inspection of tea, under the Adulteration Act, was made in 1891, and is reported in Bulletin No. 24 of this department. The work recorded in this report was done upon 58 samples of tea, examined by the late Professor E. B. Kenrick of Winnipeg. Professor Kenrick determined the extractive matter by what he called the Domestic Method, which he thus describes: "100 parts of boiling water are poured on 1 part of tea, and the infusion poured off at the end of 10 minutes." His results are summarized as follows : Nature of the Tea. Total Extractive. Congou 23-37 per cent. Unclassed Black 23 -76 Average 23-56 Nature of the Tea. Total Extractive. Gunpowders 28-55 per cent. Young Hysons 34-22 Average 31-38 " The Adulteration Act, Section 26, provides that the Governor in Council shall, from time to time, establish standards of quality, and fix the limits of variability per- missible in any article of food. No action has, up to this time, been taken in regard to tea, by the Department of Inland Kevenue, and no standard is legally fixed under the Act named. An Order in Council, dated 11th September, 1894, published by the Department of Customs, and apparently initiated by the Commissioner of Customs, contains the fol- lowing regulations in regard to tea. " Tea shall be considered as adulterated which contains leaves other than those of the tea-plant; or previously infused leaves or leaves of inferior quality to such an extent as to reduce the amount of extract or substances soluble in hot water to less than thirty per cent, or cause the proportion of ash soluble in hot water to be less than two and three-quarters per cent; or any admixture of chemicals or other deleterious 44 IX LAX D h'LVKXI LS 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 substances, or such an amount of mineral matter as will cause the amount of ash to exceed eight per cent reckoned on the sample dried at 100° C." Since 1891, when Prof. Kenrick's work was published, systematic inspections of tea have been made by this department as follows : — 1904 73 samples— See Bulletin No. 99 1906 89 " "' B ' 130 1909 222 " " " 183 1913 149 " " " 287 In the case of the inspection of 1913, I found myself justified in saying: "On the whole, this report may be taken to prove that there is no noteworthy adulteration of tea in Canada." That such a state of things exists, must be largely credited to the care given by the Department of Customs, to control of importations. Instructions to Collectors of Customs were issued by the Commissioner in April 1895 (Memo. 740 B) and again in March, 1899 (Memo. No. 1035 B). The following Memo. No. 1414 B, at present governs in the matter. No. 1414 B. MEMORANDUM. Department of Customs, Canada, Ottawa, May 31, 1907. To Collectors of Customs: Prohibition of Adulterated Teas. The following instructions are substituted for Section 2 of Memo. No. 1035 B. of 1st March, 1899, concerning the Prohibition of Adulterated Teas: 2. Representative samples of the following classes of Imported Teas, when entered for consumption shall be sent to the Department of Customs at Ottawa to be tested, before such teas shall be released by the Collectors, viz. : — (a) Representative samples of all teas from the United States not accompanied by Customs certificates of fitness for consumption in the United States. (&) Representative samples of all tea dust. (c) Representative samples of all teas costing twenty cents per pound or less in the country of growth, or costing when landed in Canada twenty-two cents per pound or less. (d) Representative samples of all teas shipped on consignment. Collectors may permit imported teas to be removed to the importers' warehouses pending test, subject to Custom control until released as fit for consumption. John McDougald, Commissioner of Customs. Mailed to Outports. In a still earlier report (see Bulletin 130, p. 3) my predecessor in office made the following statement : " On the whole it has to be stated that there is no evidence of adulteration to be found in the samples collected, although there are no doubt great variations as regards quality. This favourable showing is to be expected in view of the fact that the follow- ing clause under "Prohibited Goods" still forms part of the Customs Tariff: "1205. Tea adulterated with spurious leaf or with exhausted leaves, or containing so great an admixture of chemicals or other deleterious substances as to make it unfit for use. Nevertheless it is necessary that great care should be exercised in the inspection of teas as they arrive at the ports of entry, because, according to the report of the Prin- I Dl'LTEIl \Tlo\ Of Fool) 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 cipal Chemist of Great Britain for the year ended March 31, 1906 (page 7), of the 2,917 samples (of tea) examined 259 were reported against, chiefly on account of the presence of foreign substances. It is not impossible that some of these rejected lots might find their way to Canada." The Order in Council of 11th September, 1894. establishes the following limit numbers for tea: — 1. Ash — must not exceed 8 per cent by weight on the dry tea. 2. Water Soluble Asli — must not be less than 2-75 per cent. 3. Extractive Matter — must not be less than 30 per cent of the weight of the tea. In my report of 1909 (Bulletin No. 183) I drew attention to the fact that varia- tions in the method of working for determination of extractive matter result in great differences in the amount of extractive. Thus, 157 samples out of 222 reported, yielded 30 per cent of extractive when treated as follows : — To 5 grammes of the sample, ground to a tolerable degree of fineness, 200cc. of water is added, and boiled on a sand bath, in a glass flask for two hours. It is then thrown on a filter, and the residue washed 3 times with warm water. The filtrate and washings are made up to 250cc. and an aliquot portion is evaporated to dryness at 100° C. Of 50 samples which failed to reach the standard limit of 30 per cent 31 were black teas, and 19 were green teas. It has been abundantly demonstrated that the average extractive matter in green teas is distinctly higher than in black teas, when the same method of working is employed. Quite the most important feature of this report is the proof that changes in the method of determining extractive matter in tea so greatly affect results, that the fixing of a legal minimum of 30 per cent has no practical meaning unless the method of working for extractive is carefully defined. Four samples of tea, which yielded less than 30 per cent of extractive matter, when treated as above described, gave greatly increased yields on continued boiling. Sample. Extractive for 2 hours. Extractive on longer boiling. 1 23 52 34.74 2 23.68 26.04 3.. 22 oG 32.09 4 21.72 25.30 There can be no doubt that continuous boiling effects change in the celluloses of the tea-leaf, producing soluble bodies of the nature of pectins ; and that this action goes on indefinitely; or at least for such a length of time as to make a sharply defined end point to continued solution impracticable. I pointed out the necessity of includ- ing in any definition of tea involving a minimum extractive, a descrption of the mode of making the extraction. One of the largest English producers and importers of tea addressed the Secretary of the London Chamber of Commerce, under date, 20th October, 1909, as follows: — "Dear Sir, — "We should be obliged if you would call the attention of General Laurie, — Chairman of the Canadian Trade Section of the Chamber of Commerce — to Bulletin No. 1S3 of the Laboratory of the Inland Revenue Department, Ottawa, which con- tains a report by Mr. A. McGill (Chief Analyst) to the Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue on 222 samples of tea. 40 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 The wording of the report shows that he is dissatisfied with the method laid down by the Order in Council of 11th September 1894 for determining a method of analysis. The Order in Council referred to fixed 30% as a minimum of extractive matter, without, however, defining the method by which the extractive should be made, and the Chief Analyst points out that differences in method of extraction show different results, and suggests that in consequence, there is a difficulty in deciding as to the quality of the tea. He expresses the opinion that the Order in Council should be definite in stating the exact method which the analyst should employ in order to arrive at the percentage of extractive. This is a matter of the greatest importance to ourselves and to all firms who import tea into Canada, and at this stage we desire to express the opinion that there is no better method, or one that works more satisfactorily than that employed by H. M. Customs and which is not, we understand, governed by rigid methods. It is more- over so extremely technical that we are not capable of precisely indicating it. We may say, however, that the question of the prevention of the importation into this country of tea of very poor quality with a view to excluding all teas of a character detrimental to health or in any way adulterated was as lately as 1905 under the consideration of the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, H. M. Customs, and the London Tea Trade, and the view expressed was that the adoption of arbitrary standards based either on the chemical analysis of the product or on a definite size and make of leaf was unad- visable and tended to hamper trading conditions. This opinion was based on the personal experience of several members of the trade who had had experience of the working in the United States of America and in the Australian Commonwealth, of laws designed to exclude inferior teas; and they were, in consequence, able to point out that the adoption of arbitrary standards led to such grave dissatisfaction, that such standards had to be modified by the very experts responsible for adopting them, so as not to unduly hamper trading conditions. There can be no doubt that the object to be attained is the provision of real pro- tection both to the importer and to the consumer of tea — and we desire respectfully to suggest that if the Canadian Government would put themselves into communication with the London Customs Authorities and arrange for an exchange of ideas on the subject, it might be found that the method adopted by H. M. Customs in London is less complicated and more reliable than the system at present adopted by the Canadian Authorities, or any amendment of that system, such as indicated as desirable by the Chief Analyst. Indeed, we understand that the Australian Government at one time employed method similar to that now used by the Canadian Government, and aban- doned it in favour of the method employed by H. M. Customs in London. We know from previous experience the prompt attention which is paid by the Government of Canada to any representations which are endorsed by General Laurie, and for this reason we venture to ask for his valuable assistance in conveying to the Dominion Government our earnest desire that the suggestion indicated above, may receive the early and sympathetic consideration of the Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue." In reply to enquiry as to methods in use by the London Custom House, I received the following letter from the Secretary : Custom House, London, E.G., 6th December, 1909. Sir, — In reply to your letter of the 9th ultimo, addressed to the Right Honourable the Chancellor of the Exchequer, I am directed by the Board of Customs and Excise to inform' you that the provisions governing the admission of tea into the United Kingdom are contained in the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, 1875 Sections 30 and 31, a copy of which is enclosed. It will be seen that there is no legal standard for the ADULT K K AT ION OF FOOD 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 percentage of extractive matter, (or other constituent) of tea; consequently no official method lor the estimation of the extractive matter is prescribed. In the ordinary course of examination of tea, however, the amount of extractive is of course taken into account by the Government Analyst, and the method employed is essentially the same as that adopted in Canada, i.e. the determination of the total extractive by complete exhaustion of the tea, as distinguished from the "domestic" method of partial extraction of the soluble constituents by infusion for a few minutes only. The satisfactory results attributed to the British system of examination are pro- bably due to the absence of any fixed analytical standards and the consequent discre- tion allowed to the Analyst to deal with each sample on its individual merits. I am, sir, Your obedient servant, W. G. LEWIS. The Chief Analyst, Inland Revenue Department, 317 Queen Street, Ottawa, Canada. The provisions of the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, 1875, to which reference is made in the above letter, are as follows: — Extract from the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, 1815. 3S and 39, Vict. Cap. 63. Tea to be ex- Sec. 30. From and after the first day of January one thousand eight Customs y 'on hundred and seventy-six all tea imported as merchandise into and landed importation, at any port in Great Britain or Ireland shall be subject to examination by persons to be appointed by the Commissioners of Customs, subject to the approval of the Treasury, for the inspection and analysis thereof, for which purpose samples may, when, deemed necessary by such inspectors be taken and with all convenient speed be examined by the analysts to be so appoint- ed; and if upon such analysis the same shall be found to be mixed with other substances or exhausted tea, the same shall not be delivered unless with the sanction of the said commissioners and on such terms and con- ditions as they shall see fit to direct, either for home consumption or for use as ships stores or for exportation; but if on such inspection and ana- lysis it shall appear that such tea is in the opinion of the analyst unfit for human food, the same shall be forfeited and destroyed or otherwise disposed of in such manner as the said commissioners may direct. Interpreta- Sec. 31. Tea to which the term "exhausted" is applied in this Act tion of Act. gka|j mcan an(j inclU(Je any tea which has been deprived of its proper quality strength, or virtue by steeping, infusion, decoction or other means. An examination of Mr. Lewis' letter, and of Sections 30 and 31 of the Sale of Food and Drugs Act, will show that the methods adopted by the London Customs Authorities, and so highly approved by importers of tea only differ from our own methods, and those sanctioned by the Canadian Customs Authorities, by being les3 exactly defined. The closing sentence of Mr. Lewis' letter suggests that "The satisfac- tory results attributed to the British system of examination are probably due to the absence of any fixed analytical standards, and the consequent discretion allowed to the Analyst to deal with each sample on its individual merits." I think it must be conceded that this is a highly unsatisfactory state of things, considered from the consumer's standpoint. It has been shown that the extractive matter obtainable from tea may vary, for the same sample to the extent of eleven per 4 48 IX LAX D REVEXUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 cent depending upon the length of time, and other conditions, of the extraction. In the absence of a strictly defined method of working, determination of extractive has no value whatever, and the fixing of a minimum value, below which the tea shall be regarded as adulterated, means nothing at all as a protection to the consumer. Under these circumstances, it seems to me that the following points demand investigation : — 1. Is it reasonable and proper to fix a minimum limit for extractive matter in tea? 2. Should such limit be fixed without regard to the class of tea examined? 3. Under what conditions of working should determination of extractive be made? 4. What other determinations possess value in deciding as to the character of tea ? 1. The value of tea is so evidently dependent upon the amount and character of the substances which it yields to hot water, that the first question appears to answer itself. The soluble matters of tea are essentially caffeine, tannin, proteins, gum, dextrin, colouring matter, mineral matter, with minute amounts of other substances. The sophistication of tea by partial extraction, and subsequent treatment of the leaves with gum, rolling and drying, was at one time a very common practice, and doubtless obtains to some extent at the present day. The extractive matters thus obtained can be profitably employed for preparation of the alkaloid. It is apparent that the simplest way of ascertaining whether or not a sample of tea contains consi- derable amounts of exhausted leaves, is by determination of the extractive. 2. I have already pointed out the fact that black teas generally yield decidedly lower extractive than green teas. The amount of extractive is affected to a considerable extent by the quality of the tea, the locality where grown, and the care taken in its preparation for market. With these differences, we are not concerned; the object had in view by the Analyst is not the grading of the tea as first or second quality; but the determination of its specific genuineness. The following amounts of total extractive in black and green teas, are recorded by the authors named: — Author. Black. Green. 33.85 41 20 Slater u . . . . ; 30.36 41 48 30.13 37 95 23.56 31 38 47.23 53 74 While the above quoted results give speaking testimony to the need for adoption of an authoritative method for determining extractive, they prove conclusively that, no matter what method is used, black teas yield a decidedly lower extractive than green teas. This is quite in accord with our own experience. It would seem unreasonable, on this account, to legalize the same standard for both classes of tea. German standards for tea (Deutsches Nahrungsmittelbuch, 1909, p. 232) require at least 28 per cent extractive matter for green tea, and 24 per cent for black tea ; and are the only standards known to me which recognize this difference of extractive in green and black teas. ADl ITER \ T/t>\ OF FOOD 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 3. The method of working for determination of extractive matters in tea employed in these laboratories, has been the following: — (a) To 5 grammes of tbe sample, ground to a tolerable degree of fineness, 200 cc of distilled water is added, and boiled on a sand bath in a glass flask for 2 hours. It is then thrown on a filter, and the residue washed 3 times with warm water. The filtrate and washings are made up to definite volume, and an aliquot portion is evaporated to dryness at 100° C. The Krausch method of working, recommended by the A.O.A.C. Washington (see Bull. Bureau of Chemistry No. 107, revised ,p. 147) is as follows: — (&) Treat 20 grams of tea with 400cc. of water, and heat on a boiling water bath for 6 hours. Filter through a tared filter, wash with water until the filtrate measures lOOOcc. Dry and weigh the residue. Determine the water soluble substance by difference. This method is greatly modified in the latest revision of tentative standards (see Jour. A.O.A.C. Nov., 1916, p. 335) as follows:— (c) To 2 grams of the original sample in a 500cc. Erlenmeyer flask add 200cc. of hot water and boil over a low flame for an hour. The flask should be closed with a rubber stopper through which passes a glass tube 18 inches long for a condenser. The loss from evaporation should be replaced from time to time by the addition of hot water. Filter through a tared filter and wash the residue until the filtrate measures 500cc. stirring the contents of the filter throughout the process to facilitate the filtering. Dry the filter paper and residue in the funnel in the steam oven until the excess of water is removed, transfer paper and contents to a tared weighing bottle and dry to constant weight at 100° C. Allen (Organic Analysis, Vol. VI, 621) recommends the following: — (d) 2 grams tea, in powder form, is boiled for 1 hour with lOOcc. water. The liquid is filtered hot, and the residue again boiled with 50cc water and filtered. This process is repeated so long as any colouring matter continues to be extracted. Finally the decoction is made up to a definite volume and an aliquot portion is evaporated to dryness and weighed. As a check, the filter and contents are dried at 100° C. and the insoluble matters detached and weighed. In all these methods, it is sought to obtain the total extractive matter. As I have already pointed out, there is a more or less considerable hydrolysis of the matters of the tea-leaf, with formation of soluble pectins, on continued boiling; and no definite end point is practically attainable. The same objection holds in the case of repeated extractions as recommended by Allen. A certain amount of colouring matter will be obtained from tea, on boiling with distilled water for an hour, even after many extrac- tions. Wigner found in successive extractions of tea, powdered and boiled for one hour periods: (a) 22-90 (b) 8-17 (c) 3-75 (d) 1-75. Sum total, 36-57 per cent. But un- doubtedly this figure could have been made 40 per cent or higher, by continued treat- ment of the same kind. The methods which require filtration of the whole of the water employed in extrac- tion are tedious, and frequently impracticable, owing to the clogging of the filter with gelatinous pectins. If a small filter be used, the operation is excessively tedious; if a large filter, there is possibility of considerable error in weighing. The work herein tabulated comprises the results obtained by variously modifying the methods already described. In 50 samples, representing collections in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Quebec City, the method A is that described as (a) on page 13; method B is the Krausch method. Mr. Forward remarks: "It was impossible to filter without heating, as some of the extractive precipitates out on cooling, and clogs the filter." He finds the first modi- 14-4 50 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 fication of the Krausch method impracticable Duplicates by method A are consis- tently within 0-5 per cent if conditions of filtering are the same. Extractive by method A is -uniformly higher than by method B. Forty-nine samples representing various portions of Quebec province, were worked by Mr. Valin, who used 5 grammes of tea, ground to pass through a sieve of 20 meshes per inch, with 500cc. water. The methods employed in determination of extractive as reported herein, are essentially those already described on page 13 — Slight modifications adopted by the analysts are detailed below, the letters referring to those placed at the head of the columns giving extractive in the tables. A. — 5 grammes tea, powdered to pass \ inch mesh; 200cc. water; boiled 1 hour; filtered at 75° C. — (Forward). B. — 20 grammes; 400cc. water; heated 6 hours — Filtrate to lOOOcc. Residue is weighed. Filtration found impossible in some cases. Duplicates not closer than 2 per cent. (Forward.) C. — 5 grammes tea, powdered to pass sieve of 20 meshes per inch; 500cc. water; boiled 2 hours; cooled; made up to 500cc. ; filtered 50cc. — dried and weighed. (Valin.) D. — Same as above; but boiled one hour only. Mr. "Valin found that the amount of extractive is dependent to some extent upon the volume of the solvent. Thus:— Tea. Boiled for 1 hr. 2 hrs. 4 hrs. 6 hrs. r Using 500 cc water -J i> grms. 2 5 ., 1 37.85 43.25 38.15 41.30 39.50 43.10 40.70 44.60 E. — Same as A but filtration at ordinary temperature of room. (Davidson.) F. — Essentially Krausch method, and found unsatisfactory (Davidson). G. — Krausch method, using 10 grams and 200cc. water, filtrate to 750cc. — washed with warm water. G. (1) Krausch method — 20 grms. 400cc. filtrate to lOOOcc. — washed with cold water. G. (2) As above, but 20 in 400cc. — filtrate to lOOOcc. — washed with hot water. (Forster.) Mr. Collier who worked by methods A and B says: "I have come to the conclusion that method A is by far the quickest and most reliable." 4. Determinations of moisture, tannin and caffeine are important, as serving to fix with exactness the character of a sample of tea. But these estimations cannot be regarded as of first importance in fixing the specific genuineness of the article. It is to be noted that this has no regard to the quality of tea, as dependent upon immaturity of the leaf, content of volatile oil, aroma, and other considerations which regulate market values. Tea selling at 25 cents per pound may be as truly genuine, in consist- ing wholly of the leaves of species of Camellia, as an article worth several dollars per pound. For the purpose of ascertaining specific genuineness, it is usually sufficient to examine the botanical character of the leaf ; while in order to detect exhaustion, facing, etc., it suffices to determine ash and extractive. A.DULTERATIOH OF FOOD 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 For purposes of legal definition, it suffices to consider the following: — 1. Botanical character of leaf, bud and stalk. 2. Microscopic examination for "facing", etc. 3. Total ash per cent. 4. Water soluble ash per cent. 5. Extractive; as obtained by a strictly defined method. As regards the samples (250 in number) of the present report: — 1. No leaves, other than those of the tea plant have been found. 2. No "facing" of the leaves is reported as having been verified by the microscope. 3. The total ash varies from 5 per cent to 7-68 per cent. In greater detail : — From 5-00 to 5-50 per cent 43 samples. " 5-50 " 6-00 " 115 " " 6-00 " 6-50 " > 70 " bte. 6-50 " 7-00 " 16 " Above 7 per cent 4 " 4. Water soluble Ash: — Above 4 per cent 17 samples. " 3-5 " 121 " " 3-0 " 97 " " 2-5 " 13 " Below 2-5 " none. 5. Extractive. On account of the variety of methods employed in determining extractive, it is impossible to summarize results. It may be noted however, that the great majority of samples treated by method A, or its modifications, yield from 35 to 40 per cent extractive. There is observed a difference of about 3 to 4 per cent between green and black teas, worked by this process. The only samples yielding less than 30 per cent extractive, are the following: — Ash. Extractive mean. Total. Soluble. No. 56732 (black) 6.33 2.57 24.46 No. 4335 (bkick) 6.40 2.60 25.70 No. 67868 6.48 2.82 23.60 No. 67347 6 30 2.72 24.80 No. 73144 (black) 6.64 3.28 26.10 No. 73147 (black) 5.80 3.10 26.4!) No. 72845 (black) 5.80 2.66 24.22 No. 71830 5.82 3 28 27.45 These are all very low grade teas ; and, in the event of standards being established under Section 26 of the Adulteration Act, I have no doubt that they would be found adulterated. The necessity of legalizing standards for tea is self-evident. Without them Ca- nada is likely to become a dumping ground for tea unable to find a market elsewhere. 14—41 52 IX LAX n liKVEXI ES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 BULLETIN No. 360— BAKING POWDER. Ottawa, January 17, 1917. Sir, — I beg to hand you a report upon 213 samples of Baking Powders, purchased by our inspectors during the period, June to August of last year. This important food material has been made the subject of systematic inspection on five different occasions before the present; and was last reported in March 1915. (Bulletin No. 308.) The main reason for the present report is the desire to establish a standard for available gas, below which amount the article shall be held illegal. Apart from con- siderations of the wholesomeness of the ingredients and the harmlessness of the residues left in the bread, it is evident that the gas-producing power of baking powder is its most important character. An article which has been so badly made, or which has so much deteriorated through prolonged keeping, as to be incapable of yielding a reasonable volume of gas, is necessarily disappointing to the baker, and, beyond fixed limits, which should be legally defined, must be regarded as fraudulent. The generally accepted and what may be regarded as the normal baking powder is expected to yield from 12 to 13 per cent, of gas (weight) when freshly made. The nature of Cream Tartar, which was the original acid ingredient of baking powders, doubtless determined this figure, which has been so long, and so widely accepted that any considerable departure from it would be confusing to the baker. (Bull. 308, p. 4.) Although burnt alum and other acid components which have more recently come into use in baking powders, are capable of producing a much higher percentage of gas, they have usually been reduced in strength by addition of starch or other nefutral material so as to conform to the strength of Cream of Tartar. The nature of a mixture of bicarbonate of soda with any acid substance is such that gradual interaction of the components must occur on prolonged keeping; and unless kept very dry and cool, this interaction may be quite rapid, and must result in the loss of so considerable an amount of gas as to render the article valueless for baking purposes. The States of Florida, North Dakota and, I believe, some others as well as the Government of Western Australia (Gazette, July 17, 1914) have fixed 10 per cent of gas as the minimum limit for a legal Baking Powder. The following tabulation of results obtained by this Department is of interest: Number of Samples in which COa Date of Inspection. Determined. Average Gas p.c. . 1889 149 8'17 1900 156 9-80 1908 158 10-24 1911 150 11-00 1914 - 251 11-31 1915 195 11-91 The averages quoted include, of course, a certain number of samples whose con- tent of gas fell short of 10 per cent; nevertheless the means found are well above this limit, and show continuous improvement in the quality of baking powder, from the point of view of gas production. A1>1 l/rFHATIOX OF FOOD 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Details of gas producing power for the last two inspections are of interest : Inspection of Available Gas. 1915. 1916 53 12 " 52 56 11 " 62 51 10 " 45 13 9 " 12 6 8 " 6 7 " 5 4 6 " 5 4 7 2 Total 195 It will be seen that 82 per cent, of the collection of 1915 and 88 per cent, of that of 1916, yielded more than 10 per cent, of gas. I am of opinion that 10 per cent, of available gas is a reasonable limit, below which a baking powder should be regarded as illegal. It is however to be noted as important that a well defined method of working should be employed in estimating available gas. This is necessary because of the very difficult solubility of burnt alum, and because of the slow decomposition of bi-carbonate of soda at a boiling temperature, quite apart from the reaction of this salt with the acid ingredient of the powder. Bi-carbonate of soda is usually present in slight excess of the amount required to neutralize the free acid of the sample. Macara (Analyst, 1915, p. 272) has shown that this reaction, on sufficiently prolonged boiling, may go on until the sesqui-carbonate is formed; in other words, until 25 per cent, of the carbonic acid in bi-carbonate is driven off. As already stated, the question of method has been especially studied, during the progress of the work herein reported. Three general types may be noted: 1st. Methods involving the absorption of liberated gas by soda-lime or by solution of potash (gravimetric.) 2nd. Methods involving the absorption of the gas in measured excess of soda or barium hydrate solutions, and subsequent titration of the excess of absorbent (volume- tric.) 3rd. Collection of the evolved gas over saturated solution of common salt, and measurement at definite temperature and pressure (gasometric.) The effect of prolonged boiling; ratio of weight of sample to volume of solvent, and other points, have also been studied. As the result of our investigations the following method of determining available gas in Baking Powders is recommended. From 1 to 2 grams of the sample is used; this is boiled with about lOOcc. water for 10 minutes from the time when boiling begins ; with aspiration of a slow current of air which carries the liberated gas through a series of U tubes, etc., arranged as follows : — 1. A short Liebig condenser, arranged so as to return the condensed steam to the boiling flask. 2. A TJ tube (or tower) containing pumice saturated with strong sulphuric acid. 3. A smaller U tube containing fragments of pumice saturated with strong sul- phuric acid; or lumps of fused calcium chloride, which must be neutral. 4. A U tube containing soda-lime or Liebig bulbs containing 30 per cent, soda solution. 5. Duplicate of (4.) 6. A U tube like (3.) 7. Same as (6) and connected at exit end to an aspirator or suction pump. (A T tube should be interposed between the exit end of number 7 and the suction. The third leg of the T tube carries a piece of rubber tubing and a pinch cock. The 54 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 suction may then be turned on full, and the rate of the air current regulated by the pinch cock.) U tubes 3, 4, 5 and 6 are weighed. Number 3 should not materially gain weight, and serves to protect 4 and 5. The increase in weight should be almost entirely con- fined to No. 4. When No. 5 begins to show notable increase in weight, No. 4 should be freshly charged. After 10 minutes boiling the heat is turned off, but aspiration is continued for 20 minutes longer. The decomposition flask may be charged with the sample and the water added through a funnel tube reaching nearly to the bottom of the flask; or, more conveniently by first charging with water, and dropping in the sample, wrapped in tissue paper immediately replacing the rubber cork which carries the funnel tube and the exit tube. The air aspirated through the apparatus may be freed from carbonic acid by a soda lime tube, above the funnel tube. This precaution is not usually necessary, the error due to atmospheric CO., being so small as to be negligible. It is also desirable to have an absorption bottle immediately before the suction tube in order to observe conveniently the rate of the air current. A negative pressure must be maintained during the whole operation ; but the rate of flow of air should not exceed three bubb'es per second. The source of the leavening gas, is always bi-carbonate of soda. The acid com- ponent, by which the gas is liberated, is Tartaric acid, either free or as Cream of Tartar; Sulphuric acid, as one or other of the dessicated alums, (usually soda alum) or Phosphoric acid, employed as Acid phosphate of lime, or as acid phosphate of soda. Sometimes mixtures of these are found, and, very commonly, alum and acid phosphate of lime are found together. I think it desirable that manufacturers of Baking Powder should be required to state, on the label, the acid component used. The consumer has a right to this inform- ation, as also has the physician. Although investigation by a Board of experts of recognized competency (see Bull. No. 103, Department of Agriculture, Washington; or, Bulletin No. 308 of the Inland Bevenue Department, Ottawa, p. 6) has shown that *" When aluminium compounds are mixed or packed with a food, the quality or strength of said food, has not been found to be thereby reduced, lowered, or injuriously affected," many physicians, and a very large number of laymen are far from convinced that the continuous use of alum is without harmful effect upon the health. Indeed the report above referred to contains the following : " Aluminium compounds when added to foods in the form of baking powders, usually provoke catharsis. This action of aluminium baking powders is due to the sodium sulphate which results from the reaction." The inhibitive effect of alum upon gastric digestion is well established (Bulletin No. 68, Inland Bevenue Department) and the great insolubility of dessicated alum compels the inference that alum as such, remains in the bread, in all cases where an alum baking powder has been used. Albumen in Baking Powders. The addition of albumen to a baking powder would evidently increase its value, provided that the amount of albumen added was at all considerable. As a matter of fact, albumen to the amount of about ^oo of 1 per cent, of the weight of the powder has been found in some baking powders. It is inconceivable that such an addition can have any appreciable value, as rendering the article superior in baking. It is con- tended that the true reason for this addition of albumen is found in the fact that, on adding water to such a powder, the increased viscosity causes a persistent froth to be formed, and thus furnishes the vendor with a means of demonstrating apparent super- iority, in comparison with other powders, which do not contain albumen. Of course such a use of the article is plainly for purposes of fraud; and several States of the .i nrLTER 1 7/o.v of FOOD 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 American Union have forbidden the addition of albumen to baking powders, because of the fraudulent use of what is called the " Cold Water test " or " Water glass test " and the fact that the amount of albumen is so small as to possess no tangible value. It is scarcely necessary to add that, albumen being in itself a desirable food product, we cannot under the Adulteration Act, forbid its addition to Baking Powders-. No intelligent buyer will permit himself to be deceived by the water glass test; and should actual deception be practiced, anyone has recourse under the common law. Egg-Substitutes. These are, for the most part, merely baking powders, to which has been added wheat flour rich in gluten; casein, or other proteid matter, and a yellow dye. This last is used to simulate egg-yolk; and possibly to deceive the purchaser into a belief that egg is present in the article. The Government of Western Australia has legislated as follows : " The word ' egg ' and expressions or devices which imply or suggest the presence of egg, or the equivalent of egg, shall not be written on, or attached to any package which contains baking powder." Gazette, 17 July, 1914. I regard this action as right and proper. The high price of eggs tempts the baker to purchase anything that promises to be a substitute; and in this way, an article of little cost and of less value, is able to secure sale at an exorbitant price. The artifi- cial colouring of a so-called egg powder, so as to make it resemble egg-yolk, should be forbidden by law. Another class of egg-substitutes, not containing gas producing components is found on the market. For the most part, these articles consist of casein, with flour, some fat and a little sugar, coloured with a yellow dye. Fancy names like Egg-o-let, sub-egg-o, etc., have been coined for some of them. In all such articles, a plain state- ment of composition should be required on the label; and the employment of a dye should be forbidden. It is hoped that this report will supply data upon which to establish standards for Baking Powder under the sanction of Section 26 of the Adulteration Act. BULLETIN No. 361— PREPARED MUSTARD. Ottawa, January 19, 1917. Sir, — I beg to hand you a report upon 124 samples of so-called Prepared Mustard purchased by our inspectors during the period April to July of last year. This inspection was ordered consequent upon representations made to the Depart- ment to the effect that adulteration of the article was largely practised by manufac- turers who use starch, turmeric and pepper instead of mustard. It must be noted here that standards for the article known as Prepared Mustard have not been legalized in Canada. We have found it impossible, up to the present, to define Mustard itself; due to conflicting eviaence as regards charlock or so-called wild mustard. It is expected that standards regarding Mustard will shortly be submitted by your advisory .Board. Prepared Mustard clearly implies the presence of Mustard. What else it may imply, is not so clear. 56 INLAND ItKYKXUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 The name Mustard indicates that this spice was used originally as a condiment by mixing the seeds with unfermented wine (Latin, Mustum) and so-called German Mus- tard is to this day prepared with Rhine wine, or tarragon, vinegar, spices, etc., while French Mustard is prepared with salt, vinegar, spices, etc. (Webster's dictionary). It is quite apparent that so-called Prepared Mustard is merely a condiment,ready for use, and having Mustard as its most characteristic component. There are probably as many formulas for the preparation of the article, as there are manufacturers of it. It would, of course, be possible to forbid the use of certain substances in the manu- facture of prepared mustard ; or even to legalize a fixed formula for the article. Unless, however, the forbidden articles were shown to be unwholesome, or added for pur- poses of fraud, such interference with trade, would, in my opinion, be entirely foreign to the intention of the Adulteration Act. So long as only sound materials of a whole- some kind are employed; and mustard is used as the chief ingredient, I think that a free hand should be given to manufacturers. Competition, and the discrimination of the public, must decide the question of superiority. As in the case of all foods, it must be understood that no false claims appear on the label. It would seem reasonable to expect an honourable rivalry among manufac- turers for the production of the most satisfactory condiment, having mustard as a base; the crux of the claim being not so much that the article is prepared mustard, as that it is Brown's, Jones' or Robertson's prepared mustard. Tentative Standards, published as Circular 19, June 26, 1906, by the Department of Agriculture, Washington, define Prepared Mustard as follows: — " Prepared mustard, German mustard, .French mustard, mustard paste, is a paste composed of a mixture of ground mustard seed or mustard flour with salt spices and vinegar, and calculated free from water, fat and salt, contains not more than 24 per cent of carbohydrates calculated as starch, determined according to the official methods ; not more than 12 per cent of crude fibre nor less than 35 per cent of protein, derived solely from the materials named." The total proteids of mustard Hour may be taken as about 30 per cent. (Allen Org. Analysis, 4th edition, vii, 107). Based on this figure, the above requirements for Prepared Mustard demand that the whole of the dry material of prepared mustard free from fat and salt, shall consist of mustard flour, or equivalent protein containing spice, thus excluding starch altogether. It is therefore difficult to see why any mention of carbohydrates is made. I am not aware of any decisions by the Courts which establish the validity of the above standard. A case is reported (U.S.A. Notice of Judgment, No. 1552) in which misbranding was alleged because wild mustard (charlock) was substituted for the usual product, and turmeric was present without declaration on the label. A verdict of not guilty was rendered. The question of recognizing charlock as a condimental mustard cannot be con- sidered here. It will be discussed in our next report upon mustard. An interesting paper by Barnard & Bishop, dealing with Prepared Mustard was read before the American Association of Food, Dairy and Drug Officials at Seattle in 1912. Of 32 samples analysed 17 failed to meet the requirements of the above sug- gested standard, 10 contained excess carbohydrates, 2 an excess of crude fibre, and 4 samples were too low in protein. The authors suggest a minimum of 15 per cent solids, exclusive of salt, as a desir- able additional requirement, thus preventing " infinite dilution " of the article. It seems to me undesirable that our standards should take into account any constants A Dl ITER I 770 A OF FOOD 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 regarding which the ordinary consumer is as well informed, and as competent to judge, as the analyst, and it is open to question whether this is not the case with the degree of dilution of a prepared mustard. Forty-four samples herein reported have been examined in such a way as to enable me to state the percentage of solids, other than salt and fat. These show as follows : — No. Sol id a (less salt and fat). Starch. Difference (mustard). Salt. Fat. ( !n v\ \< tVi vrl ri t cm suit in id fcit 54294 23 58 12 60 10 98 0 23 0 79 534 69495 23 23 1186 11 37 0 30 1 05 50 3 f69445 18 85 10-93 7 92 0 56 3 59 58 0 71869 11 85 2 32 9 53 2 67 3 76 19 5 *69441 18 04 9"80 8 24 1 33 1 28 54 2 62457 8 88 161 7 27 2 74 0 92 181 71579 8 06 161 6 45 2 72 1 64 199 71842 8 86 225 6 61 1 74 2 10 254 69493 8 71 207 6 64 3 21 1 16 238 69492 8 58 2 23 6 35 3 40 1 10 25 9 73222 8 44 1 81 6 63 1 61 1 61 214 69443 7 09 161 5 48 2 46 1 65 22-7 52460 15 37 7 03 8 34 2 31 1 94 457 52459 14 36 718 7 18 2 26 4 00 50 0 71841 14 33 281 11 52 2 97 5 66 19 6 54292 14 37 2 82 11 55 1 52 7 39 19 6 73226 13 79 270 11 09 2 50 6 66 19 5 69491 13 12 2 61 10 51 2 27 6 59 198 52461 13 89 320 10 69 2 72 7 34 23 0 69494 13 55 249 11 06 1 42 1 23 183 . 52458 12 96 2 36 10 60 3 42 6 22 18-2 4974 12 60 455 £ ] / 0 2 ] r 36 1 71840 11 00 2-24 8 76 3 16 - 3 74 20 5 56741 12 17 3 66 8 51 1 68 66 - 30 0 56743 11 86 385 8 01 1 85 4 00 32 4 54295 11 89 281 9 08 1 08 4 95 236 54291 10 77 2 29 g 48 1 01 1 64 213 54293 10 38 2 39 7 99 0 09 2 69 26 0 71571 10 70 0 • QO 1 OA 8 38 0 82 3 26 21 ' 6 73225 9 05 024 8 81 1 47 1 60 26 73223 10 28 2 29 7 99 1 42 2 12 22 2 73224 9 81 200 7 81 1 94 2 42 203 4969 9 49 2 44 7 05 0 77 1 90 25 7 6! U41 10 84 2 43 8 41 0 98 1 42 224 71592 10 77 267 8 10 2 35 2 72 247 4960 9 81 2 23 7 58 2 86 3 26 227 69442 5 55 2 04 3 51 2 27 0 58 36 7 71838 9 33 1 94 7 39 2 15 1 26 207 71574 7 59 149 6 10 0 65 1 06 196 71594 S '48 191 6 57 2 12 3 22 22 5 56745 8 61 189 6 72 1 80 2 12 21 9 56744 7 97 1-89 6 08 2 20 1 88 23-7 4978 7 80 201 5 79 1 82 2 19 25 7 56742 10 86 331 7 55 1 80 3 49 30t J Sold as mustard cream. * Sold as salad dressing. Examination of the above shows that manufacturers differ among themselves as to composition of a satisfactory prepared mustard. No harmful ingredients have been found in any of these samples; and I have no doubt that, as in the case of condimen- tary sauces, some preparations appeal to one section of the public, and some to another. An article which finds no favour with the public, will cease to be manufactured. Within the limits above named the public must judge for itself among the many varie- ties of Prepared Mustard ottered. Except by insisting that preparations advertised as containing mustard shall actually contain this article I do not see that any regulations or restrictions governing the matter can be justified. 53 IXLAXD REYENl ES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 BULLETIN No. 362— GASOLINE. Ottawa, January 23, 1917. Sir, — The matter of inspection of gasoline has been repeatedly brought before the Department in recent years. I would specially refer to your Files of the following numbers : — In reply to L 135806 I furnished you with a memorandum dated October 28, 1915, in which I supplied general information upon the subject of gasoline that may be quoted here as an introduction to the matter of this report. Gasoline. — I have examined, so far as possible, the history of this term, and of the article signified by it, since the year 1880, when I find it used by Arthur Burgman in his work on "Petroleum und Erdwachs." He gives the density as from 0-6667 to 0-6829, and does not quote any limits for boiling points. Prof. Hans Hofer (1888) in "Das Erdol" quotes density from 0-640 to 0-667, and B.P. from 70° to 80° C (=158° to 176° Fah.) Dr. Alex. Veith (1S92) in " Das Erdol," gives the terms gasoline, canadol and petroleum benzine for a product of density 0-660 to 0-680, and B.P. from 50° to 70° C. (=122° to 158° Fah.) Dr. W. Scheithauer, (1S95), in " Fabrikattion der Mineralole," quotes naphtha from Shale as of density 0-700 to 0-715, and calls it raw gasoline; from this, a gaso- line of density 0-640 to 0-660 is obtained by rectification. The above are German sources of information. Further, and fairly complete details as regards petroleum generally, are obtained from Redwood's comprehensive work " Petroleum," 2 vols., 1906 ; and from Tinkler and Challenger's " Chemistry of Petroleum," 1915. From the first named it appears that the fractions of crude oil (petroleum) which distil below the minimum temperature fixed for a product (Kerosene, coal oil, etc.) available for use in lamps having a wick, and very generally employed in domestic light- ing, have been classed as gasoliife, without any definite discrimination, for the most part. In the early history of the refining of crude oil, these fractions had little com- mercial value, and were either rejected or used to furnish fuel for the stills. The minimum limit for safe burning oil is very different for different countries, and at different times. The so-called " flash test " is merely a simple way of ascertaining the boiling point of the lowest (most volatile) component of a mineral oil; and the test is made either open or closed; the latter method requiring the use of the Abel apparatus, or some similar one, the former being made in an open, saucer-shaped dish. It goes without saying that the closed test is to be preferred, wherever practicable. The so-called fire-test is sometimes applied, and aims at determination of the temperature at which the oil, once lighted in the open, continues to burn. Redwood quotes the minimum limit for a great many European and American ports of entry, and it ranges variously from 70° Fah. to 110° Fah. For Canada it is Tinkler and Challenger quote the following trade names for fractions which older classifications recognize as gasoline, or did not accurately define at all. January 8, 1914. : April 27, 1914. . . October 23, 1915 . November 16, 1915 L. 112657 of F. 105594 L. 116577 of F. 106155 Li. 135806 April 17, 1916 May 15, 1916. Li. 136753 L. 143678 L. 145057 of F. 110804 85° Fah. VDULTER ITION OF FOOD 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Benzine. — A fraction having B.P. 70° to 120° C. (=158° to 248° Fah.) chiefly Heptane. Benzoline. — The more volatile portion obtained on redistilling benzine; B.P. about 70° to 95° C (=158° to 203° Fah.) Gasoline.— That fraction of B.P. 40° to 70° C. (104° to 158' Fah.) obtained in the refining of Pennsylvania oil. Consists largely of pentane and hexane. Motor spirit. — The saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons of American oil; the poly- inethylenes from baku oil, or the saturated hydrocarbons derived from shale oil, as well as benzine (CoLTc) and alcohol (C2H5OH) are employed in internal combustion engines. The boiling points are usually below 120° C. (=240° Fah). Naphtha. — The less volatile portion obtained on redistilling benzine. Boils from about 95° to 120° C. (=203° to 248° Fah.). The term is unfortunately very loosely applied, and is synonymous with mineral naphtha. Petrol. — Same as light petroleum, or benzine. Petroleum ether. — Same as gasolene or benzine. Petroleum naphtha. — Loosely employed; often denotes the first fraction (B.P. up to 150° C. 302° Fah.) obtained on distillation of crude oil. Often applied to any low boiling petroleum product. Petroleum spirit and light petroleum. — Benzine, benzoline and naphtha, all of which terms are more or less synonymous. Rhigoline. — The most volatile liquid fraction obtained in the refining of crude petroleum. B. P. 18° C. (=04-4° Fah.). Used as a local anaesthetic. Consists largely of pentane. Shale naphtha. — Shale spirit; the lower boiling fractions obtained in the refining of crude shale oil. Sp. Grav. 0-70 to 0-76. Used as a motor spirit. Contains about 50 to 60 per cent of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Sherwood oil. — Same as light petroleum and petroleum ether. Solene. — Synonymous with gasoline and petroleum ether. It is sufficiently obvious from the foregoing, that the term gasoline, and its equivalents, is employed with much vagueness. It is much to be desired that the term should be defined by legal enactment ; since it has come into very general use, and without such definition, it is impossible to protect the public by any regulations which the government may desire to ordain for such purpose. The necessity of having such regulations, and enforcing them is apparent when we consider the great number of melancholy accidents involving life and property that are chronicled in the daily papers. It will be noted that all of the above definitions refer to gasoline as a more or less volatile fraction of crude oil, obtained in the progressive distillation of the latter. This was true of gasoline as known in the early days of oil refining. It is not true to-day. So long as the fraction in demand by the public, wa9 that known as coal oil or kerosene, and designed for, domestic use in lamps and stoves, the refiner found diffi- culty in obtaining a market for light-boiling fractions. These were chiefly used for making so-called " air gas ", or for carburetting water-gas or were burned under the stills. When however, the use of internal combustion engines in motor-boats, motor- 60 INLA X!> REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 cars, and for a multitude of other purposes, came about, the demand for these light- boiling fractions became very great, and today the refiner realizes that gasoline is the most profitable product. This has resulted in the discovery that the heavier hydrocarbons can be broken down, by appropriate methods (cracking) and, in this way, a gasoline can bo produced which is very different from the older article bearing that name. The term saturated hydrocarbon has appeared more than once in these definitions. Briefly, it means a hydrocarbon in which the ratio of Hydrogen to Carbon atoms in the molecule is repre- sented by the expression CnIi2n-f-2 where C stands for a carbon atom, and H for a hydrogen atom. Crude petroleum is, generally speaking, a mixture of such hydrocarbons, in which n has values ranging from 4 to 35 or even higher. Crude oils differ very greatly in the proportions in which they contain these hydrocarbons, some having large percent- ages of the lower members of the series; others having very small proportions of the lower members. The boiling point (volatility) constantly increases as we ascend the series; and it may be interesting to quote the following: Formula. Name. B.P. (Fah.) Density. C4H10 Butane 318° 0'600 C5H12 Pentane 79 3* 0.627 C6HU Hexane 156-0° 0 658 C7H18 Heptane 209 1° 0 683 CjHn Octane 257-9° 0 702 C9H20 Nonane 301 • 1" 0718 CioHss Decane 364-2° 0 730 Pentane and Hexane are the chief components of the older gasolines. The suc- ceeding members of the series beginning with nonane are the chief components of well-refined coal oil (Kerosene) which is usually defined as that fraction of crude oil which boils between 150° and 300° C. (=302° to 572° Fah.) containing therefore, the hydrocarbons from nonane to hentria — contane C31H64 with B.P. 575.6 Fall. Another series of hydrocarbons many of whose members are available for lighting, or for use as gasoline, has the general formula CnH2n. It will be noted that the mole- cule of this series (known as olefines, in contradistinction to the first series, which are called paraffins) has relatively less hydrogen ; or stated otherwise, has relatively more carbon. Its members, for this reason, tend to burn with a sooty, or smoky flame, and are on this account, less desirable for use in internal combustion engines. The boiling points of some olefines may be noted, as below := Formula. Name. B.P. (Fah.) C6Hio Amylene 102 2° CeHu Hexylene 154 '4 C7H14 Hepitylene 208 4 CsHis Octvlene 255 2 CnHig Nonylene 307 4 If we assume that it is not desirable in a motor gasolene to have a higher boiling point than 200° F., and that in a coal oil for domestic use it is not desirable to have a lower boiling point than 300° F. we see that, of the paraffin series, Heptane (B.P. 209-1°) marks the limit for gasoline; while in the define series Heptylene marks this limit; also for domestic coal oil, nothing below Nonane can be permitted in the paraffin series, or below Nonylene in the define series. It is possible, by the process known as " cracking " to change the higher mem- bers of the paraffin series into lower members, with simultaneous production of an olefine. Thus, the hydrocarbon C12H2G may be resolved into the paraffin C6H14 and the olefine CeHi2, both of which are available as components of gasoline, although the hydrocarbon Dodecane (C12H2P.) with a boiling point of 418-1° Fah. would not be thus available. This last is a normal component of coal oil. If the refiner can make a greater profit by converting dodecane into hexane and hexylene and selling is as gasoline, he will be tempted to " crack " the hydrocarbon, instead of selling it as coal-oil (kerosene). I />/ / // /,' \TlO\ o/' FOOD 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 Unfortunately, the operation of cracking does not always proceed, in practice, as the above assumptions would indicate. Under varying pressures and temperatures the hydrocarbon C12IT20 may crack in any of the following ways: — Paraffin. Paraffin. Oleflne. Ci2H26 C6Hi4 + C6H12 or C5H12 + C7H14 or . . C4H10 + C8Hia Should the cracking result in the formation, even to a slight extent, of either C5H12 (pentane, B.P. 79-3°) or OiHio (butane) (B.P. 31-8°), it will be seen that very volatile substances are produced, and these, even when small percentages only are present, render the total product exceedingly dangerous in transport or in storage or in use. The safety of the public demands that these extremely dangerous components of gasoline, as manufactured by the cracking process, should be removed from the final product before this is permitted to be placed on the market. This might be done by blowing air through it, until volatilization of the dangerous components of gasoline, as manufactured by the cracking process, should be removed from the final product before this is permitted to be placed on the market. Of course this would entail shrinkage of volume, and an apparent loss to the producer; and for these reasons, is not done; or is done very imperfectly. It is for this reason that such large losses in transportation occur as are quoted by Mr. Henderson, who asserts that a tank car may lose from 100 gallons to 300 gallons in a ten day's journey. A modification of the " cracking " process has recently been patented, and is, I believe, being worked somewhere in New Jersey. This depends upon the catalytic action of aluminium chloride, and may prove a rival of the older processes, although that has yet to be demonstrated. SUGGESTIONS. I do not think that the specific gravity of a sample of gasoline gives any infor- mation of value, concerning its safety. This is much better ascertained by deter- mining the volatility of the article; which, as regards the less volatile grades, might be ascertained by a flash test, employing a specially designed apparatus. A still better way might be to determine the loss of volume produced by causing a current of air of known temperature and volume to bubble through a column, of definite length, of the liquid to be tested. In order to the intelligent application of this test, and interpretation of its results, considerable investigatory work would be necessary. Should you desire such investigation to be made in these laboratories, I shall be pleased to undertake the work, on receiving your instructions. The above quoted memorandum presents, in a general way, the main features of gasoline production; but by no means covers the subject completely. Particularly should be mentioned the fact that the cracking process results in the formation of varying amounts of hydrocarbon products other than paraffins and olefines. These may include various members of the benzene series (aromatic hydrocarbons) ; and considerable amounts of benzene, toluene and xylene may be obtained from certain crude oils, by variously modifying the conditions of the cracking process. It may also be noted that so-called casing-head gasoline is obtained from certain varieties of natural gas by compression and condensation, or by washing the gas with heavy oils and subsequent separation of the gasoline by distillation. Naturally this variety of gasoline is extremely volatile, and is employed for blending purposes. Anyone interested in the further study of this aspect of the matter is referred to Bulletin No. 114 of the Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C. 62 IX LAX D REVEXUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 In March 1914 I addressed a circular letter to several of the larger users of motor gasoline, including the railway companies, in order to ascertain whether or not they purchased to specification. Replies indicate that usually no specification is submitted with call for tenders; and that, in cases where requirements are defined, the specific gravity of the article is the only consideration. I have already stated my opinion that specific gravity alone, furnishes very im- perfect information regarding a sample of gasoline. This is apparent when we con- sider that most, if not all, of the gasolines on the market, are mixtures of fractional distillates of widely varying density ; and it is an easy thing for the producer to make choice of such components as shall produce a complex of any desired specific gravity. It is usual to express the density of gasoline in degrees Baume: a method which should be obsolete. To convert degrees Baume, for liquids lighter than water, the following formula may be used. Modulus Spec. Grav. (^oc[ulus — 10) -f- degrees B. The modulus generally employed is 140; but is not constant. The U.S.A. Bureau of Standards has approved 140. In order to ascertain whether or not the brand name under which the article is sold, means uniformity of character, I tabulate below the results of analysis of 21 sam- ples purchased by our inspectors as Premier; 9 samples purchased as White Rose; 6 samples purchased as Peerless, and 3 samples as British Motor. In each series, the samples are arranged in order of the content of unsaturated hydrocarbons (olefines, etc.) as determined by contraction on treatment with fuming sulphuric acid. AHULTERATIOX OF FOOD 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 PREMIEE Brand arranged in order of olefine content Fractionation. a S| ><•<"'. Grav. 15 ' 5° ow 70° C. to 120°. b o 0 to 150°. b ID O ine No. ymerizatic lefine. latile bekn 20°. 0 JO '■£©' T - u o s> W o o n O rH CO D t~ (M r-H < o Ph > >^ 1 69538 0 721 110 700 110 25 45 8 5 2-2 810 7 0 - 10 2 69536 0 720 11'5 71 2 100 2"8 45 8 6 2'7 82 7 73 00 3 69531 0 720 12 5 70 2 105 1-8 40 8 7 2-8 827 58 10 4 69537 0 721 120 675 120 35 45 8 1 2 9 795 80 05 5 69539 0-720 110 717 10-8 20 40 8 8 34 827 60 05 6 69534 0-719 115 72 0 100 2 0 3 4 3 5 835 54 11 7 69532 0 720 13 5 69-2 108 20 4 0 ""8 5 36 82 7 60 05 8 69540 0 721 9o 730 115 0 0 50 9 0 37 82-5 50 10 9 68247 0 739 70 64 6 152 52 7-0 9 1 38 716 122 10 10 5251 IS 0 744 60 585 175 70 10 '6 12 2 4 7 645 17 6 04 11 52509 0 741 65 580 18 0 6*7 103 12 8 58 64 5 170 05 12 65007 0 743 35 495 180 7-5 21.2 28 2 6 9 530 28 7 0 3 13 B. 0 736 3 5 540 200 75 146 32 9 8 0 57 5 22- 1 04 14 G. 0 738 3 7 513 208 74 155 32 4 8 4 550 229 13 15 I. 0 741 3 0 508 22 7 7-8 150 30 5 85 538 22-8 07 16 71602 0 732 65 540 20 3 6 7 112 35 0 8 8 605 179 13 17 A. 0 740 45 512 20"7 7 6 158 31 7 8 9 55 '7 23 4 0 2 18 7545S 0 732 105 40 0 20 0 70 16 0 33 4 93 565 23 0 05 19 75436 0 734 60 52-8 17 7 80 150 37 9 9 6 588 23 0 05 20 C. 0 733 6 5 520 200 75 13 0 38 6 10 2 58-5 205 10 21 65032 0 735 70 49 5 185 71 170 44 0 11 3 565 24 1 09 White Rose Brand. 1 75437 0 744 5 0 66 5 14 5 5 5 8 5 19 1 7 71 5 140 -0 0 2 68248 0 743 6 0 57 5 18 0 7 4 10 2 4 3 2 4 63 5 176 -0 9 3 R. 0 729 2 5 72 0 14 0 4 7 5 9 2 6 74 5 106 -0 9 4 Q. 0 729 3 0 67 0 17 0 4 9 7 5 124 2 8 70 0 12 4 -0 6 5 71603 0 736 12 u 48 0 13 5 8 1 17 5 3 3 3 0 60 0 25 '6 -0 9 6 69535 0 746 1 0 42 0 26 7 10 3 20 0 3 6 43 0 30 3 -0 0 7 69533 0 743 2 0 45 5 22 0 9 5 20 0 4 0 47 5 295 -1 0 8 52505 0 734 9 5 47 5 19 5 8 3 14 0 25 5 7 9 57 0 223 -1 2 9 H. 0 741 5 5 52 0 20 0 7 3 13 6 309 8 4 57 5 20 9 -2 1 Peerless Brand. 1 65006 0 730 3 5 59 5 15 5 6 5 13 5 4 8 15 63 0 20 0 -1 5 2 E. 0 720 10 5 67 0 9 7 3 3 6 7 1 3 2 0 77 5 10 0 -2 8 3 75461 0 737 3 5 54 0 20 0 9 3 13 2 7 7 21 57 5 22 5 -0 0 4 O. 0 732 12 8 18 2 16 5 12 0 36 8 38 31 0 48 8 -3 7 5 F. 0 730 12 7 44 9 15 2 6 2 20 0 3 2 3 9 57 6 26 •> -1 0 6 65034 0 729 4 0 57 0 18 5 7 1 13 4 ' 4 3 4 3 61 0 20 5 -0 0 British Motor Brand. 1 M. 0 720 11 5 580 13 5 6 5 105 3 1 69 5 17 0 -00 2 N. 0 732 6 5 490 19 0 8 5 17 0 3 5 55 5 25 5 -0 0 3 75459 0 735 5 5 47 0 21 5 8 5 167 208 5 6 52 5 25 2 -0 8 64 INLAXD BEVENl EB 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Premier Brand. — A user who had found satisfactory the first seven samples, which fairly resemble each other, would assuredly be disappointed with number 12 and suc- ceeding samples, except perhaps number 18, which may contain enough of the com- ponent volatile at 70° to gaseify the heavy hydrocarbons, volatile only above 140°. It will be noted that the specific gravity gives no certain indication of the com- position of the article. While in a general way, a gravity not exceeding 0.720 indicates a large percentage boiling below 120° C. (in samples 1 to 8, about 80 per cent), the higher gravities, from 0-730 to 0-740, correspond to very irregular composition of the mixture. Thus, numbers 9-11 and A, which possess nearly the same gravity, contain respectively 71-6; 64-5 and 55.7 per cent boiling below 120° C; 12.2; 17-0 and 23-4 per cent above 140° C; of which 7-0; 10-3 and 15.8 is only volatile above 150° C. White Rose Brand. — Much the same thing is indicated here. The fraction vola- tile below 70° C. varies from 1 to 12 per cent of the mixture ; while the portion volatile above 150° C. runs from 5-9 to 20 per cent. Peerless Brand. — Similar differences in character are found here. The portion volatile below 70° C. varies from 3-5 to 12-8 per cent, while that volatile above 150° G. varies from 6-7 to 36-8 per cent. It is certain that an adjustment of feed which would give satisfactory working with No. 2, would fail to give results with No. 4. British Motor Brand. — This shows considerable differences between the samples; although the small number reported makes detailed comparison impossible. Internal combustion engines, using gasoline, are employed under extremely vary- ing conditions. For motor cars, where frequent stopping and starting is the rule, it is evident that a readily volatile gasoline is required; and particularly is this necessary in cold weather. Quite other conditions obtain in the case of stationery engines, working under cover. From these, and other considerations, it appears reasonable to expect that gasoline should be sold under a guarantee of specific character; and both manu- facturer and consumer should understand the importance of recognizing well defined grades of the article. I learn (Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, 1916, 557) that the Bureau of Mines, Washington has prepared tentative specifications in regard to gasoline, having special reference to the grading of this fuel. It is suggested that three classes be named, and defined according to the maximum temperature limit below which 90 to 95 per cent volume will distil. The specific gravity test is to be discarded as of no real value with mixed gasolenes. Other specifications require that the gaso- line should not contain excessive percentages of unsaturated or aromatic hydrocarbons, nor too high a percentage of very volatile products, which cause danger and loss by evaporation ; nor should any considerable amounts of heavy or non-volatile constituents be present. The post office authorities of Chicago, as reported in the Chicago American (Oct. 1916) have fixed the following standards for gasoline for their use: 1. The boiling point must not be higher than 60° C. 2. Fifty per cent must distil below 135° C. 3. Ninety-five per cent below 177° C. 4. One hundred per cent below 191° C. 5. Not less than 95 per cent must be recovered by distillation: i.e. loss on dis- tilling must not exceed 5 per cent. 6. Five cubic centimetres must evaporate from white paper without leaving a stain. Holde (Translation by Mueller, 1915, p. 51) quotes the following specifications for Automobile Gasoline := 1. Must be obtained by fractional distillation. 2. Must not leave a spot on white paper. 3. Eunning through a sieve should not separate into fine drops. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 4. Of uniform composition, and, not u mixture of high, and low boiling products. 5. Light naphtha should distil 80 per cent, under 100° C, and com- pletely under 130°C. 6. Heavy naphtha, 50 per cent, under 100°O, and all under 140°C 7. For passenger service the specific gravity should be from 0.70 to 0-72 at 15° C; for trucks, from 0-72 to 0-75. It will, of course, be evident that authoritative classification of the 88 samples herein reported is impossible. This report will however serve the purpose of acquaint- ing the public with the character of gasoline as found on Canadian markets. Table I. LIGHT GASOLINE At least 10 per cent, distils below 70° C. Less than 10 per cent, residue above 150° C. Samples are arranged in order of the distillate below 70° O. Serial No. Collector's No. Where Obtained. Q ?b >— ■ > 33 u o a $ m h> t— ■s n Fra o " o 0 5 16 1 4 Gasoline of this type will probably give no trouble to the user as far as starting the engine is concerned. It may be found dangerous in storage on account of its ready volatility, and it may show considerable loss in transport. It contains little, if any, of the cracked product. 14—5 66 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Table II. Gasoline containing large fractions volatile only above 150° C, but having more than 10 per cent, volatile below 70 °C. Samples are arranged in order of the resi- due above 150° C. 75462 O 75463 75432 F 52507 71603 75458 52504 52501 71616 M Where Obtained. Toronto Ottawa Toronto Owen Sound Trenton, Ont Calgary Indian Head, Sask Toronto Calgary Wolseley, Sask. Ottawa •738 732 •730 •720 730 732 736 732 730 •731 •724 720 Fractionation. 77 120 6 2 6 1 62 80 81 70 36 6 5 47 6 5 92 26 ■S3 a,.-. The whole of the gasolines of this series, but more particularly the earlier num- bers, will give trouble in motor engines; the percentage volatile above 150° is great, and the amount of very light hydrocarbon is not great enough to assure complete vola- tilization of the high boiling fraction. Numbers 3 and 8 contain notable amounts of cracked gasoline. The high boiling residue is practically in inverse ratio to the total volatile below 140°'C. It will be noted that numbers 1 and 2 are quite exceptional in this regard. It is probable that samples giving Iodine numbers of 8 or higher contain cracked gasoline; and if the number is higher than 10 the indication is practically certain. (Technical paper 163, Bureau of Mines, Washington.) ADULTERATION OF FOOD 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 TABLE III. Gasolines in which both the most volatile fraction (below 70°C.) and the least volatile fraction above 150°C.) are below 10 per cent arranged in order of total volatility below 140° C. I Serial No. Collector's Number. Where Obtained. Spec. Gravity 15°C. Below 70°. Era b IM O ** b c— ctionat b -r O b T 1 140° to 150°. ? Above 150°. Iodine Number. Polymerization by Sulphuric Acid. Loss. Percentage Volatile Below 140°C. 1 69540 St. John, N.B •721 9 5 730 11 5 0 0 5 0 9 0 3 7 1 0 94 0 2 63859 Sydney, N.S •724 9 5 710 11 ii 4 3 4 0 6 9 3 4 0 2 91 5 3 5456 St. Gabriel, Brandon .... •728 7 0 695 12 5 4 0 5 ;i 7 8 2 2 1 1 89 0 4 5433 •726 8 5 (i!) '5 10 8 5 0 5 0 8 9 - 26 1 2 88-8 5 R "729 2 5 14 0 4 7 5 9 2-6 0 9 5 885 6 55669 •742 8 8 66 1 13 0 4 5 6 5 0 6 3 9 0 88 5 7 55676 South Vancouver •744 9 5 66 0 12 0 5 0 6 8 2-8 0 7 87 5 8 55678 Vancouver 743 8 9 66 1 12 r> 5 0 6 0 6 6 18 1 5 87-5 9 Q •729 3 (i 67 0 17 0 4 !1 7 5 2 s 20 0 fi 87 0 10 68247 Nelson, B.C •739 7 (i 6r6 15 2 5 2 rt (i 9 1 38 1 (i 868 11 52503 Calgary 732 9 5 630 14 0 4 5 8 5 9 s 45 0 5 865 12 52502 "732 9 n 64 7 12 s 5 (i 8 5 9 5 29 0 0 86 5 13 5444 St. Gabriel, Brandon .... 727 8 (i 62 5 16 0 4 ii 8 4 14 7 4-0 1 ii 86 0 14 75437 Hamilton 744 5 (i 66 5 14 5 5 5 8 5 1 9 1-7 0 0 86 0 15 D •724 5 ii 635 17 i) 5 5 8 0 2-8 1 0 85 5 16 55680 New Westminster •742 5 5 620 18 ii 5 7 8 5 15 2 4 1 0 3 855 17 55672 •741 5 (i 63 5 17 c 5 5 8 5 8 3 8 0 5 85 5 18 5432 St. Felix de Valois •729 6 8 661 11 i 6 -t 8 8 14 ;> 4 4 0 '_> 846 19 71617 Wolseley, Sask 735 3 7 61-8 18 5 5 8 8 5 30 6 74 1 7 84 0 20 55679 743 5 5 615 16 s 6 •2 9 0 14 6 50 1 i' 83 8 21 55675 Vancouver •743 5 5 60 0 17 5 6 5 8 r> 9 ti 40 2 i' 83 0 Gasolines of the type represented in this table, should be found satisfactory. They do not contain enough of the very volatile component to make them abnormally dan- gerous in storage; nor is the high-boiling residue excessive. Cracked gasoline if present in a few of them is in small amount. 14-5$ 68 IXLAXD REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 TABLE IV. Forty-five samples Gasoline not included in the preceding Tables; and having more than 10 per cent residue over 150° 0., arranged in order of this residue. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Where Obtained. 75445 Niagara Falls.. 65007 Exeter, Ont. 69533 St. John, N.B. 69535 75466 Toronto . . Ottawa. 63860 Sydney. N.S Ottawa . 75460 Toronto London, Ont. Ottawa G5U32 N 75459|Toronto A G 65037 75433 75435 75436 I J B 52505 H K 65<>0 65038 65034 75461 C 5441 ",m 75465 5J47 71610 54-J6 7! 602 55677 5425 556Hs Hamilton Kingston . . . London, Ont . Wiarton, Ont Brantford . Kingston . Port Hope Calgary . . Hamilton. Exeter, Ont. London . . . Toronto Ottawa . Joliette. Toronto Joliette . Grenfell Joliette Indian Head. . So. Vancouver Joliette . Vancouver 52508 Calgary 52506 52509 68248 52511 75431 Nelson, B.C. Calgary Owen Sound b Fractionation. Iodine Number. r*5 s — 'g ft "o 00 00 O « "5 be1""1 a o - -r Spec. Gravity 1 © _o W • o »H O © o o 4a O (M © o o *" to e •746 o u 4D U 1 7 • ft 7-7 23 0 Qft ■ -\ Oo O 104 0 5 68-8 • 7JQ 1 4o Q * Fi 49 ' 5 1 K ■ A t ' 0 21'2 28 '2 69 03 710 • 7 IS / 40 o a Z V 45 ' 5 OO • A v o 2(i'0 40 10 695 I 40 ^ - a 1 i) 1 9 • A 4z u ZO I 10 3 20 ' 0 36 00 697 iW K • Fi 0 0 >• Fi • Fi 9A • Fi zu o 8'0 20 o 12 '8 43 05 71-5 • 7QC t GO 0 U 47 ' 2 ins 1" o 8A m-7 36 1 XX 0 8 71 5 O - A Z V 45 ' o 24 '0 10 0 18 '5 46 2 5 0 0 71 5 • 7Q7 I ol D 1 Fil • ft 15 ' 0 7*4 17 '5 47 4 11 5 16 735 ■ 7 sr. 6 0 46 5 21 '3 8'9 170 15" 2 44 03 73 8 ■ 7SFi /oo 7 • A lO ' F; 4J O 7 1 440 11 3 0 9 75 0 ■ 7S9 i oz ft • Fi O 0 10 A 4.' U 19 0 8'5 17 0 3"5 10 73 5 . 7QFi 1 OO f; • Fi 17 • A 91 ' Fi a - r, ID 1 20 '8 56 08 74 0 - - Mi 4*5 Fil - O 01 Z 20 7 7 K 15'8 31 '7 89 0-2 76 4 ■ 738 O • 7 a i 01 O 20 ' 8 7 • 4 , 4 82 ' 4 8 4 13 75 8 - TOM i zy a * a 4 U FiQ • A lo 5 60 15 ' 0 4'2 48 05 78 5 i 4o 1 O aQ S 4V» o 9J Q z4 y U-9 y z 1 Fi • A 3 6 0 1 75- 7 . — .JO 1 OO ft * P» FiA • A DU U 19 ' 0 7 -ft / u 15 ' 0 51 ' 5 122 0 5 77-5 734 C ■ A Fi9 ft Oz o 17*7 ft'A 1 Fi ■ A 10 o 37 "9 9 6 0 5 76 5 "741 Q A FiA ft OU o 99 • 7 ZZ < 7 • ft 15 0 30' o 8 5 07 765 •739 o o Fil Q oi y Q ' A y o 1 Fi • A id yj 327 80 05 75 5 736 o 0 54 0 9A • A zu o 7 • Fi / 0 14 " 329 80 0 4 775 •734 9'5 ^7 • Pi 47 0 in Fi iy o ft - *i 1 A ■ A 14 v 25-5 79 12 76 5 •741 5 5 52 0 9A • A rr.o / O lo D 30 9 84 16 775 •737 4 '5 52 ' 5 91 ' Fi Zl O 7 ■ Q 1 i> 1 9- Fi lo 0 28-4 9 6 07 785 •730 3'5 59 "5 15 ' o A • Fi D O i o ■ r, lo O 48 15 15 785 5'C 57 "C 15 0 7 '5 1 Q . Fi lo 0 20 77 0 •729 40 57 0 18 ' 5 7 • 1 1 '} • A lo 4 4 3 43 00 795 •737 35 540 200 93 132 7'7 2 1 O'O 77 5 •733 6 ' 5 52 ' f 200 130 38ti 10 2 10 785 •734 4 5 53 r 205 8'0 12"5 30 9 8 2 To 78 0 •731 7-0 52 "5 205 7-0 125 41 7 10 5 05 800 729 51 557 193 8 0 12 (J 4-^ 39 0 C 800 •734 45 54-C 21 0 80 121 31 £ 85 0-c 79 5 •73S 4-5 56'5 19 C 7-2 he 35 5 9£ 12 800 ■73E 4-r 55 C 20f 7-E 112 30 i 8-5 1*5 800 735 61 54 C 202 6'7 115 35 ( > 8-f l-I I 80 8 74? 8-( 56 J 17£ 6 f ir< 3J i 4 ( 01 82 0 •73, 41 > 55 f » 20-? 6 i ii ( ) 33 < ) 9-4 11 > 807 74f > 61 ) 571 > 18J . 7-r . 10f ! 44 I 01 81 » 74- 1 61 ) 581 » 17 r » 7i ) 10f > 125 ! 4 7 01 1 82 0 73! ) 61 ) 621 ) 15 ( ) 6 ! ) 10 l > lit i 3 ( i 0 ( ) 830 74 6 . > 58 ( ) 18( ) 6 ' ' 105 ( 12'f 1 5i <, 0 I ) 825 •74: 1 61 ) 57 I ) 18( ) 7'4 [ 10 ■'. ! 4 : i 2'- I 01 1 81 5 •74 1 51 ) 58 -l ) 19 ( i 6 ; > 105 5 16] 5'' I O'i I 825 73< J 71 ) 551 ) 23( » 4 f ) 10 ( ) 29'' 81 ) 0 ; ) 850 With a few exceptions at the extremes of this table, the gasolines which it includes, show notable uniformity so far as the percentage distilling below 140° 0. is concerned; and this in spite of the fact that the amount of cracked gasoline in them is extremely variable. This is indicated by the large iodine number and the contraction on poly- merization, which, in a general way, approximates one fourth of the iodine number. While it is apparent that most of these samples contain more or less cracked gasoline, those designated P, 65032, 75435, C, and 75464, contain very large amounts. The mixing has, however, been done with judgment; and a machine adjusted so as to ADULTERATION OF FOOD 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 work well with almost any one of these samples would probably work satisfactorily with any other. It would seem useless to object to the presence of cracked gasolines, since the demand for gasoline is so great, that, straight distillates from the crude, would entirely fail to meet it, and the cracking of heavier hydrocarbons is imperative. The main features of the present report may be summarized as follows : — 1. The term gasoline has, at the present time, a quite different signification from that which it originally possessed. 2. When the most important application of petroleums was in domestic lighting, it was necessary to legislate to protect the consumer of coal oil. The reverse is the case to-day, and the user of gasoline requires protection. 3. Gasoline should not contain too volatile constituents, which make it dan- gerous in use, and entail loss in transportation. 4. Neither should it contain too great a percentage of difficulty volatile frac- tions, which seriously affect its use in motor engines. 5. Since most modern gasolines are mixtures, the specific gravity of the article affords no satisfactory indication of its character. 6. Various types of gasoline should be recognized and defined; since internal combustion engines are employed under widely varying conditions. 1. The brand name under which gasoline is sold in Canada is no guarantee of uniformity of character. 8. Cracked gasoline and Casing head gasoline, are not necessarily objectionable as components of mixed gasoline; but the mixed article should be made to conform to definite and well understood specification, and should be sold in such a way as to inform the buyer as to its character. 9. Gasoline should always be purchased to specification. I believe that the report now in your hands will be useful in assisting the Depart- ment to regulate the sale of gasoline; and that it will afford users of the article, information which will be helpful to them; and enable them better to understand why ground for complaint is so widely apparent. BULLETIN No. 363. — MALT EXTRACT FOR BAKERS' USE. Ottawa, 9th February, 1917. Sir, — I had the honour, in February of last year, to report to you upon a collection of so-called Malt Extracts (152 samples) since published as Bulletin No. 326. This term was found to include many different types of food material, varying from the pharmaeopoeal article, to extracts which differed little, if at all, from ordin- ary beer. Since publication of the report named, many inquiries have been made regarding the Malt Extracts which are now largely employed by bakers, and which were not specially represented in my last report. The article in question is generally understood to be a concentrated preparation of the soluble matters of barley malt, so treated as not to destroy the activity of the diastase, whose presence and amount constitutes, probably, the most valuable feature of the extract from the baker's standpoint. The diastatic value of Malt, and Malt Extract is usually expressed in degrees Lintner ; and I have used this form of stating it, as being most intelligible to ordinary 70 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 readers. A malt preparation is said to have a value of 100 degrees Lintner, when one- tenth cubic centimeter of a 5 per cent solution converts enough starch to completely reduce 5cc of a standard Fehling's Solution, certain definite conditions of time and temperature being observed. The Malt Extract of the British pharmacopoeia, as reported in Bulletin No. 326, was found to possess Lintner values somewhat above 100 degrees in the best samples, average samples giving values from 50 to 60 degrees. Malt. — According to Ebertz and Schule (Lunge, Technical Methods, Vol. Ill, 698) the diastatic power of English brewing malt is usually between 20° to 40° Lintner, while that of green malt may be as high as 100° to 125°. Five of the samples purchased by our inspectors, are found to be, not malt extracts, as called for by their instructions, but ground malt, or malt flour. These five samples possess diastatic values ranging from 54-4 degrees Lintner to 04 -5 degrees. (See samples 74813, 74814, 74815, 74818 and 75029.) Malt Extract. Baker (Allen's Commercial Organic Analysis, 4th Edn., Vol. 1, 145) quotes six samples of commercial extracts as giving Lintner values from 25-6 degrees, to 46-5 degrees; the mean value being 33-6 degrees. Parry (Food and Drugs, 1911, page 166) quotes six samples of Malt Extracts, as varying from 14° Lintner to 38° ; and mentions the last as being " one of the best known brands, and of the best. quality." The mean value for these six samples is 26-7 degrees Lintner. Eighteen samples herein reported vary from 12-2 degrees Lintner to 50-0 degrees, the average value being 30 0 degrees. The content in reducing sugars, which represent complete hydrolysis of starchy matter, is also a condition of value. These substances not only give sweetness to the bread, but also assist in retaining the natural moisture of the loaf. According to Parry (loc. cit.) the reducing sugars, stated as maltose, in nine samples, varied from 48 per cent to 62 per cent, the average amount being 56-7 per cent. Eighteen samples reported herein give reducing sugars (as maltose) from 60 to 75 per cent, averaging 67-9 per cent. The ash of malt and malt extracts, represents the mineral constituents of the article; and this mineral matter possesses a value as yeast food. There is no evidence in the accompanying analytical results, to show that addi- tions have been made to the extracts for the purpose of increasing such yeast food. The ash normal to malt extracts, varies from about 1-4 to about 1-7 as a percentage on the extract. The ash found only exceeds these limits by being less in amount than the minimum quoted. This is the first occasion upon which we have examined the special extract which forms the subject of this report; and I am not aware of any standards for the article having authoritative endorsement. If it should be considered desirable to fix such standards, a much fuller, and more extended investigation should be undertaken. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 BULLETIN No. 364.— MALT VINEGAR. Ottawa, February 13, 1917. Sir, — I beg to hand you a report concerning 185 samples of Vinegar, the great majority of which were sold as Malt Vinegars. The report consists of two parts. The first part (twenty-two samples) represents a special collection made in Vancouver and Victoria, in February, March and April of last year. This collection was made consequent upon specific complaint (see L- 138566) to the effect that vinegar was being offered in British Columbia, as Majlt Vinegar, which was in reality not Malt Vinegar, but a fraudulent imitation of the article. An examination of this report proves conclusively that the complaint was well founded, only 11 of the 22 samples being genuine. Further investigation, however, showed that in several instances, the apparent fraud was due to incorrect reading of our standards for Vinegar, as published in G. 1096, dated December 29, 1913. The standards referred to provide for the sale of Blended Vinegar, which is defined as a mixture of two or more varieties of Vinegar. Most of the samples found to be illegal, were labelled in a manner to indicate that they were blended ; but while the amount of Malt Vinegar in the blend was very small, the words Malt Vinegar were most conspicuous on the label, with the result of deceiving the purchaser into the belief that he was buying a genuine Malt Vinegar or at least an article which contained a large proportion of Malt Vinegar. Since a comprehensive inspection of the article was proposed for June, July and August of 1916, it was considered reasonable to permit the offence, as above described, to be passed over with a formal warning. The remainder of this report deals with 163 samples purchased in June, July and August of last year. Inspectors were carefully instructed to purchase Malt Vinegar only; and in most instances this instruction was observed. In the case of Mr. Inspec- tor Audet, five samples (5353, 5356, 5359, 5361 and 5364) are invoiced simply as Vinegars. None of these samples are Malt Vinegars, and if sold as such, are adulter- ated under the Act. Mr. Inspector Audet has since explained (see his letter of March 1, 1917), that he demanded malt vinegar in every instance. The subjoined synopsis gives the general results of this examination. COLLECTION OF FEBRUARY, MARCH AND APRIL, 1916. Found genuine Malt Vinegars 11 samples. Found not to be Malt Vinegars, but sold under names which implied Malt Vinegar either entirely or as a blend 11 " 22 " COLLECTION OF JUNE TO AUGUST, 1916. Found genuine Malt Vinegars 97 samples. " adulterated under the Act 31 " " slightly below standard and passed 35 " Standards for Vinegar have been legalized since December 19, 1913; and Cir- cular G. 1096 embodying these standards was published on December 29, 1913. Bulle- tin No. 313, which contains a detailed report of two hundred and forty-five samples of Vinegar, was published in May, 1915. I mention these facts to justify the conclu- sion that vendors of the article have been fully warned in the matter, and cannot 72 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 reasonably urge any excuse for selling as Malt Vinegar an article which does not comply with legal requirements. The characteristic constants of Malt Vinegar comprise a minimum content of solids (1-80 per cent) and a minimum content of mineral solids, or ash (0-20 per cent). Phosphates are characteristic of the ash of Malt Vinegar; and it will be found on examination of this report, that the amount of phosphoric acid is seldom less than about 40 to 50 milligrammes per lOOcc. of Vinegar. In mauy cases it reaches a much higher number. Spirit Vinegar, on the other hand, contains but little ash, and the phosphoric acid content is trifling, or nil. A considerable number of samples yield results which prove conclusively that malt has been employed in their manufacture. This industry is a new one in Canada, and it is fair to assume that failure to produce a perfectly satisfactory malt vinegar is rather due to inexperience than to any desire to put out a surrogate article. Being convinced of the essential truth of this assumption, I have ventured to pass all samples which give evidence of having been made from malt, even although such samples fail to reach the standard of a normal malt vinegar; and. I would respectfully ask you to justify my interpretation, for this occasion. Of course it must be understood that such concession can form no precedent for future decisions; and that it is granted in recognition of the fact that honest efforts are being made by Canadian manufacturers to produce a malt vinegar which shall fully meet legal requirements. "When Acetic Acid is employed in the manufacture or fortification of a Vinegar, traces of formic acid are almost invariably found in a distillate from such Vinegar. Mr. Eowat, of this staff, has done a considerable amount of research work, at my request, for the purpose of establishing the following points : — 1. Do genuine Malt Vinegars yield a distillate which could be mistaken to contain formic acid? 2. If a genuine Malt Vinegar, not responding to the test for formic acid, be for- tified by addition of commercial, refined acetic acid, will it then give the formic acid reaction ? 3. If it does so, is the intensity of the reaction proportional to the amount of acetic acid added? Mr. Rowat's work clearly shows that genuine Malt Vinegars give no reaction for formic acid when treated by the method of Woodman and Burwell (Allen, Com. Org. Analysis, 4th Edn. Vol. 1, page 521) ; that addition of commercial acetic acid, contain- ing traces of formic acid, is readily detected; and that the depth of colour with fuchsin, is approximately proportional to the amount of acetic acid added. BULLETIN No. 365— CARAMELS. Ottawa, March 12, 1917. Sir, — In Bulletin No. 346 (published in July of last year) I drew attention to the alleged extensive employment of paraffin as a stiffener in the form of candy sold as Chocolates. Seven samples of the 151 samples therein reported were found to contain paraffin ; but the amount was not determined. ~" Concerning paraffin as a component of a food product I made the following statement : — " The National Confectioners' Association of the United States, issued a Food Law Circular under date May 20, 1913, containing a list of substances prohibited in confectionery, among which appears paraffin. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 The food laws of Illinois, Nebraska and Utah, specifically forbid the use of paraffin in candy; and those of many other States are interpreted in such a way as to condemn its use. It is certain that so-called paraffin or paraffin wax is wholly without food value; is quite indigestible, and is not a normal component of any natural food material. Its melting point (about 54-5°C. = 1301° Fah.)is so high as to keep it solid at the body temperature, and being quite insoluble in the digestive fluids, it is conceivable that serious results might ensue from its presence in foods consequent upon mechanical disturbances." Several correspondents have claimed that, while paraffin is occasionally employed by manufacturers of the cheaper grades of so-called Chocolates, it is much more largely used in that form of confection known as Caramels. It was considered desirable to ascertain the facts of the case, and in consequence a collection of caramels was ordered in October and November of last year. This report, dealing with 110 samples may be summarized as follows : — Caramels containing no paraffin 30 samples. " traces only 8 " a " less than 0 5 per cent 8 " 'r a more than 0-5 per cent but less than 1-0 per cent 13 " " " more than 1 per cent 51 " Total 110 Of 51 samples which contain above 1 per cent by weight of paraffin, the subjoined table gives particulars : — From 1 to 2 per cent paraffin 23 samples. " 2 " 3 * " 12 " « 3 " 4 15 " 10 " " 4 f 5 « " 5 " « 5 " 6 " : " 0 " a 6 ff 7 u " 1 " Total 51 We have no direct legislation against the use of paraffin in candy. Whether or not the amounts above indicated can be regarded as harmful to health is a matter for very careful consideration, and will be duly investigated. Since writing the above I have received the following expression of opinion from Dr. A. D. Blackader, Professor of Pharmacology at McGill College, Montreal, and Medical Adviser to this Department. " It is a subject to which my attention had never been previously drawn, and 1 have taken time to consult my confreres and made enquiries from all whom I thought, might give me an opinion. The answer I received from most of my confreres was to the effect that in amount so small as 1 per cent it was not likely to do any harm, one might even say 2 per cent, but that in larger amounts there was a possible risk in persons or children who consumed large amounts of candy. In his very recent volume on Pharmacology (1916) Sollman states that pure paraffin is harmless, ill-refined paraffin may give rise to toxic symptoms. Any impurity in the paraffin used for caramels may do harm in several ways. Care therefore must be taken that only pure paraffin is employed. If the paraffin is pure, and in amount does not exceed 1 per cent I do not think its employment can do harm. The only objections to it is that it is of no use as a food, and in candy may be regarded a* an adulteration." 74 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 BULLETIN No. 366— CANNED PEAS. Ottawa, March 16, 1C17. Sir, — I beg to hand you a report upon 210 samples of canned peas. All of these samples prove to be of good quality so far as the vegetable matter is concerned. The special object had in view in this collection was the ascertaining whether or not departmental regulations as regards the presence of copper in peas were being observed. Our last systematic inspection of peas, was made in 1909, and is published as Bulletin No. 192. No regulations in the matter of copper colouring existed at that time; and it was particularly desired to ascertain whether or not the presence of such amounts of copper as experience has shown sufficient to give a desired colour to peas, was attended with danger to the health of the consumer. I recommended that the subject should be referred to competent medical authori- ties; and as the result of such action, the following decision was reached, and is incorporated in an Order in Council of January 9, 1915, published as G. 1167. " III. In all cases except such as are covered by sections I and II above, the presence of artificial colouring matter must be declared upon the label, in easily legible type. IV. When used in the amounts necessary to produce desirable colours in foods, the following substances are regarded in the light of present knowledge of their physiological effects, as harmless to health, within the meaning of the Adulteration Act. Should more extended knowledge of the effects upon the health of any of the colouring matters named below establish their harmfulness, they would, in such case, come under section 3 (/) of the Adulteration Act; and their presence in foods would constitute adulteration: — Copper salts, in the greening of peas, provided that the amount of copper (expressed as metallic copper) in the peas does not exceed 80 parts (by weight) per million in the drained peas or 10 parts per million in the imbedding liquid." The inspection now reported shows that only 26 samples out of a total of 210 samples are coloured with copper. These are, as far as can be ascertained, all imported peas. It is satisfactory to know that the demand for coppered peas is not largely in evidence in Canada; and that the colouring of peas with copper is not known to Canadian industry. The conditions under which copper is permitted as a colouring material in peas, require (1) That the copper in the peas shall not exceed 80 parts per million. (2) That the copper in the imbedding liquid shall not exceed 10 parts per million. (3) That declaration of the presence of copper shall be made on the label. Our work shows that no noteworthy excess of copper in the peas themselves occurs in any of these samples. Excess of copper in the imbedding liquid is found in five samples. The amount varies from 20 to 73 parts per million. The presence of copper is declared in three samples. Twenty-three samples con- tain copper without mention of this fact on the label. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 BULLETIN No. 367— EDIBLE GELATIN. Ottawa, 22nd March, 1917. Sm, — I have the honour to report upon 137 samples of Gelatin, purchased by our inspectors in April, May and June of last year. The report is arranged in three parts. Table 1 furnishes the ordinary analytical results upon 57 samples. Table II gives results in greater detail upon 52 samples, specially examined by Mr. M. Brot of this staff now at the front, somewhere in France. Table III gives results for sulphurous acid only, in 28 samples of so called Jelly Powders. These articles are not properly described as Gelatin, although they contain gelatin as an ingredient. Both edible gelatin and glue are obtained by treating the collagens of bones, tendons, cartilage, etc. with boiling water. It will be readily understood that, funda- mentally, they are the same thing. The essential character of edible gelatin, as distinguished from glue, is its purity. Glue may be a perfectly pure article without ceasing to be glue; but edible gelatin must be a pure article; and, in order to ensure a satisfactory degree of purity, it should be required to meet certain specified standards. The treatment which the original material receives in the manufacture of gelatin is such as to fairly well assure the destruction of organic impurity. But when we consider the nature of the material available for the manufacture of glue, dead animals of all kinds, and in various stages of decomposition, we must recognize the desirability of giving the consumer of gelatin a guarantee that only selected and unobjectionable materials have been used in its production. This can only be done by efficient inspec- tion at the factory; and for this reason, the inspection of all gelatin factories should be undertaken by Government. So far as Canada is concerned, this is the case; and the Department of Agriculture, in its administration of the Meat Inspection Act, guarantees the quality of the material used in manufacture of edible gelatin, so far as meat packers, doing an export business is concerned. I am not however aware that the manufacture of gelatin is anywhere in Canada carried on beyond the actual require- ments of the manufacturer in his own business. Practically all of the gelatin used in Jelly Powder manufacture, in ice-cream, etc. is of foreign manufacture. The Department of Customs has kindly furnished me with the following statistics concerning the importation of gelatin and isinglass (fish gelatin) for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1916. Lbs. Value. 179,173 $43,327 41 8 13,112 2,507 Holland 2,231 460 10,280 3,570 13,862 2,684 246,116 91,035 Total 464,815 $145,591 Gelatin is thus defined by the British Phramacopoeia, revision of 1914; "Is the air-dried product obtained by the action of boiling water on animal tissues, such as skin, tendons, ligaments and bones. 76 IXLAXD REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Characters and Tests. — In almost colourless, translucent sheets or shreds. Insoluble in alcohol (90 per cent) and in ether: soluble in acetic acid. A solution in hot water (1 in 50) is inodorous, and solidifies to a jelly on cooling. An aqueous solution yields a precipitate with solution of tannic acid, but not with solutions of other acids, or with dilute solution of alum, solution of lead acetate, or test solution of ferric chloride. Ash not more than 2 per cent." Gelatin finds extensive uses in the arts, and most of its applications require the article to possess a high degree of purity. The definition above quoted has primary regard to its employment in medicine, where it is used in the manufacture of capsules and otherwise: It is, however, with its use as a food material that we are immediately concerned. As a food, gelatin enters into the manufacture of so-called jelly powders, in jellied meats, as a stiffener in ice cream, etc. Investigatory work, having for its object the fixing of definite distinction between edible gelatin and glue, as used in the arts, has for a considerable time been carried on by the Department of Agriculture at Washington. I am not informed of the completion of the work referred to, but by correspondence I learn that the most important characters considered to establish the distinction are odour, turbidity, jelly strength, fat and ash. Colour is of necessity, a matter of importance, although the bright colours given by coal-tar dyes to most jelly powders, reduce its importance so far as these are con- cerned. Where select materials are employed in the manufacture, it should not be necessary to use bleaching agents to give edible gelatin desirable lightness of colour. Our standards require that sulphur dioxide (sulphurous acid) shall not be present in solid foods above 1 part in 2,000 parts (50 parts per 100,000). This limit is exceeded in 11 samples of Table I and in 10 samples of Table II. Traces only of sulphurous acid are found in the jelly powders enumerated in Table HI. Ash. — The British Pharmacopoeia fixes 2 per cent, as the ash limit in gelatin. This limit is exceeded in 27 samples of Table I, and in 10 samples of Table II. Odour. — This is observed by soaking in cold water for 4 hours and then making into a jelly by heating with water. Good samples yield no offensive odour. Thirteen samples of Table I and 14 samples of Table II gave more or less unpleasant odour when thus treated. Of this number 5 samples were decidedly objectionable, and should undoubtedly be classed as glue. Turbidity of a 25 per cent, solution was observed in the samples arranged in Table II. Of the total number (52 samples) 15 samples gave more or less distinct turbidity; in 9 of them the turbidity was very marked. Viscosity. — This may be determined by the method of flow, which however we have found to be very unsatisfactory and subject to large experimental error. Deter- minations as recorded in Table II were made on 25 per cent, solutions at 80° C. In a general way the results corroborated those ascertained by the use of the Doolittle Viscosimeter, but these last are much more trustworthy and duplicates in close agree- ment are easily obtained. Tbe instrument is standardized in terms of sugar solutions made as per instruc- tions accompanying it. We have not yet been able to formulate specific standards for gelatin, but it is hoped that this may be done in the near future, and the information furnished herewith will be helpful to this end. ADULTERATION OF FOOD 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 14 BULLETIN No. 368— KETCHUP. Ottawa, 31st March, 1917. Sir, — I beg to hand you a report upon 111 samples purchased as Ketchup (Catsup) l>y our inspectors in October and November of last year. With a single exception these represent Tomato Ketchup. Four of these samples were found to be more or less fermented. Of this number, only one sample contained a preservative (benzoic acid) and this was present in mere trace. All the other samples were in good condition. Fifty-five (55) samples contain a preservative; salicylic acid in two cases; in all the others, benzoic acid. An Order in Council of 4th April, 1914 permits the use of benzoic acid to the amount of 1 part per 1,000 parts; and of salicylic acid, to the amount of 1 part in 5,000, under the following conditions: " Provided that not more than one kind of preservative substance, named in this list, shall be added to any one kind of food, or to any mixture of two or more kinds of food ; that the amount of preservative shall not exceed the maximum amount herein named, and that the presence of the preservative shall be declared on the label/ ( Circular G. 1111.) Twenty- four (24) samples contain a dye (coal tar dye). This is permitted by Order in Council of 9th January, 1915, provided that only those dyes specially named in Circular G. 1167, may be used, and that the presence of the dye is declared upon the label, in clearly legible type. No illegal dyes have been found in any of these samples ; and preservatives are m all cases but three, within the legal limit. Benzoic acid is present to the amount of 1-8 parts per 1,000 in No. 76332; and to the amount of 1-3 parts per 1,000 in No. 73245. These quantities are probably harmless, in an article like Ketchup, which is employed as a condiment only. Sample No. 56835 contains salicylic acid to the amount of 2-6 parts per 1,000; and as the limit for salicylic acid is only 0-2 per 1,000, this represent a very large excess. Many of these samples which contain either or both preservative and dye, makt declaration of the fact upon the label. In 29 cases, however, there is failure to declare the presence of preservative or dye, or both, as required by the Orders in Council above cited. This, of course, constitutes a violation of th Act, and makes the vendor, or manufacturer liable of penalty. In extenuation, it is claimed that many of these samples were on the market either before or very shortly after publication of our standards, and are, without any intention of violating the Act, labelled in the same way as was customary before standards regulating the use of preservatives and dyes were established. The standards in question are dated, April 1914 and January 1915 respectively. Purchase of these samples was made about the end of 1916, or about two years after legalization of standards. There would appear, therefore, to be no validity in the claim made by manufac- turers to be held exempt from penalty; but, since nothing that can be regarded as endangering public health can be urged against any of these articles, (with the single exception of No. 56835-. I would respectfully suggest that this report, so far as it affects the declaration of preservatives and dyes on the label, be regarded as a warning 78 INLAND REVENUES 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 to manufacturers of Ketchup that they will, in the future, be strictly held to the terms of our standards as published in G. 1111 and G. 1167. It will further be noted that these samples vary greatly in the amount of solid material which they contain. There can be no doubt that, as regards cost of manufacture and value to the consumer, they possess unequal values. A discussion of this phase of the matter will be found in the introduction to Bulletin No. 275 (February 1914) our last report on Ketchup. I am not prepared however, to discuss this aspect of the question. Ketchup is a condiment, rather than a food proper, and it may be that the kind and quality of the material entering into its manufacture are of more importance than the quantity of such material. The consideration of this subject may be postponed for the present. 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A. 191 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE FOR THE DOMINION OF CANADA FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31 1917 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT. OTTAWA J. de LABROQUERIE TACHE PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1917 [No. 15—1918] 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A. 1918 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page I. General Remarks 5 II. Arts and Agriculture 6 Dairy and Cold Storage Branch 6 I. A Disaster to the cheese industry averted 7 A substitute for rennet 7 Unsuitable preparations offered 7 Pepsin supplied by the Department at cost 8 The Dairy Station at Pinch, Ontario 8 The Creamery at St. Hilaire, N.B 8 II. Cow Testing 9 III. Inspection of Dairy Products 9 Adulteration of Butter 9 Imitations of Butter 10 Weights of Prints or Blocks of Butter 10 Branding of Creamery Butter 10 IV. Refrigerator Car Services for Butter and Cbeese 10 "V. Cargo Inspection 11 VI. The Grimsby Precooling and Experimental Fruit Storage Warehouse 11 VII. Public Cold Storage Warehouses 11 VIII. Creamery Cold Storage 11 IX. Publications 12 The Seed Commissioner's Branch 12 Seed Growing • 13 Field Crop Competitions and Seed Fairs 13 Field Root and Vegetable Seeds 14 Registered and Improved Seed 14 Seed Testing ' 14 Seed Tested for Farmers and Merchants 14 Educational Work 15 Seed Inspection 16 Paper packet seeds ■ 17 Seed Corn Control 17 The Seed Supply 17 Seed Grain Grades 17 Seed Purchasing Commission IS Western Canada Timothy Seed 19 Live Stock Branch 20 Exports 20 Horse Division 21 Cattle Division 22 Record of Performance 24 Sheep and Goat Division 25 Rams loaned to Associations of Farmers (corrected to January 1, 1917) . . 29 Poultry Division 30 The Markets Intelligence Service 32 Dominion Experimental Farms and Stations 33 Field Crops of the Dominion 34 Live Stock in the Dominion 35 Division of Chemistry 35 Division of Field Husbandry 37 Division of Animal Husbandry 39 Division of Horticulture 42 Cereal Divison 43 Division of Botany 45 Division of Forage Plants 47 Division of Bees 49 Poultry Division 50 Tobacco Division 52 Division of Economic Fibre Production 53 Division of Illustrative Stations 53 Division of Extension and Publicity 56 15— li 4 DEPARTMENT OF A6 h'TCULTVRE 8 GEORGE V. A. 1918 Page Health of Animals Branch 61 Contagious Diseases Division 61 Meat and Canned Foods Division 69 Fruit Branch ' 71 Entomological Branch/ . . 78 Branch of the Canadian Commissioner of the International Institute of Agri- culture 82 The Publications Branch S5 III. Patents of Invention 88 IV. Copyrights, Trade Marks, Industrial Designs, and Timber Marks 92 V. Public Health and Quarantine 94 INDEX TO APPENDICES. No. 1. Report of the Director General of Public Health, F. Montizambert, C.M.G., I. S O. Md. Edin., F.R.C.S.E., D.C.L MISCELLANEOUS. No. 2. Exhibitions 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A. 1918 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE 1916-17. To His Excellency the Duke of Devonshire, E.G., P.O., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., etc., etc.. Governor General and Commander in Chief of the Dominion of Canada. May it Please Your Excellency: I have the honour to submit to Your Excellency a report of the Department of Agriculture for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1917. I. GENERAL REMARKS. Under the respective headings of the branches and divisions of this department will be found a synopsis of proceedings during the past year. The work in each branch has been efficiently carried on. There) has been no legislation affecting the department during this period. By an Order in Council of date the 28th day of August, 1916, the general regula- tions under "The Destructive Insect and Pest Act", approved under date the 4th November, 1914, and amendments thereto, were further amended by striking out regulation IV and substituting therefor the following: — IV. An Inspector shall have power to enter any lands, nursery, or other premises where there is reason to believe that any of the insects, pests or diseases hereinafter specified are or may be present, or where there exists trees, shrubs, or other vegetation which prevents the successful control of the said insects, pests or diseases. An Inspector shall give such instructions as may be neces- sary for the treatment or destruction of any tree, bush, crop or other vegeta- tion or vegetable matter or the containers thereof, which may be found or suspected to be infected with, or constitute an obstacle to the successful control of any of the insects, pests or diseases hereinafter specified, and such instruc- tions shall be carried out by the owner or lessee of the infected, suspected, or 5 c DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 menacing vegetation, vegetable matter or containers thereof and such remedial treatment shall be carried out and continued until the insect, pest or disease shall be deemed by the Inspector to have been exterminated or the menace removed. The Inspector shall have power to carry out the required treatment or destruction if necessary. Vide Canada Gazette, vol. L, p. 723. I have to report with regret the death, on the 23rd June, of Dr. C. C. James, C.M.G., Commissioner under the Agricultural Instruction Act. Devoted to agricul- ture, he was indefatigable in his service, and by his broad knowledge and tireless energy he contributed in an unusual degree to the betterment of the conditions of this great Canadian industry. Mr. W. J. Black, B.S.A., late Secretary of the Economic and Development Com- mission, was appointed to succeed the late Dr. James, on the 19th July, 1916. Canada participated in the Panama-California International Exposition held in San Diego, California, during 1916 and also up to the 31st of March last. The exhibit was considered one of the main features of the exposition, and attracted a great deal of attention. As there are no big international exhibitions in sight, it' has been decided to pack up the Canadian exhibits and ship them to Ottawa. A report from the Canadian Exhibition Commissioner for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1917, will be found as an appendix hereto. (See appendix No. 2.) n. ARTS AND AGRICULTURE. DAIRY AND COLD STORAGE BRANCH. The year under review was a very profitable one for the dairying industry of Canada. There was a large increase in the production of milk, and consequently in the output of butter, cheese, and condensed milk. A glance at the figures of our export trade in dairy produce will show a very gratifying increase in the quantity shipped abroad, and a much larger increase in value, due to the high prices that have prevailed. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 1914, the quantity of butter exported was 1,228,753 pounds valued at $309,046, while during the past year the quantity exported was 7,990,453 pounds valued at $2,491,992. In 1914 the quantity of cheese exported was 144,478,340 pounds valued at $18,868,785, whereas this year the quantity was 180,733,426 pounds valued at $36,721,136. In 1914 the quantity of condensed milk exported was 9,339,382 pounds, worth $666,941. This year the quantity was 15,858,622 pounds, and the value, $1,371,610. Taking the aggregate value of butter, cheese, condensed milk, fresh cream, and casein exported from Canada during the past year, it amounts to the fine total of $41,367,705, a sum which is $10,000,000 in excess of any previous year. If to this REP0R1 OF THE 1/ / \ IS1 ER 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 we add the value of the milk, butter, and cheese consumed at home, a reasonable estimate of which would be $140,000,000, we arrive at a total production of $181,367,705. The foregoing figures present in unmistakable form a convincing illustration of the argument that the best spur to increased production is found in high prices. A DISASTER TO THE CHEESE INDUSTRY AVERTED. In the beginning of the season of 1916 the very existence of the cheese industry was seriously threatened by a shortage of rennet, the agent which has been used from the earliest times to coagulate the milk as the first step in the process of manufac- turing cheese. Rennet is prepared from calves' stomachs, the supply of which has been obtained during the last thirty years principally from Bavaria, Hungary, and . Russia. Supplies from these countries being entirely cut off by the war, it was obvious that, unless a substitute could be found, the cheese factories would have to cease operations as soon as the stock on hand was exhausted, or until such time as farmers and butchers could be induced to save a sufficient number of the stomachs of calves slaughtered in this country. The efforts made to secure calves' stomachs in Canada were not very successful, and it soon became evident that something else must be depended on. A SUBSTITUTE FOR RENNET. It had been known for some years that a pharmacopoeial preparation known as " pepsin," prepared from the stomachs of pigs, had coagulating properties similar to rennet, but it had never been used in the commercial manufacture of cheese. Experiments were at once undertaken at the Finch Dairy Station, in wdiich various chemicals and different preparations of pepsin were tried, and by careful tests it was demonstrated that pepsin could be safely employed as a substitute for rennet, and that cheese made in this way were equal in quality to those made with rennet. The matter was taken up with the manufacturing chemists, and the result was that in a few weeks, standard preparations, -suitable for cheesemaking, were put on the market, which are now being used very extensively in the place of rennet. UNSUITABLE PREPARATIONS OFFERED. The prospects for a new business in supplying rennet substitutes attracted con- siderable attention, and several preparations were offered to the cheesemakers which were quite unsuitable for the purpose. Many chemicals will coagulate milk, but more is required than mere coagulation. There is a somewhat obscure fermentation or digestive process set up by rennet and pepsin which seems to control the ripening, or curing, of the cheese. The cheesemaker is not in a position to determine, without making a practical test, whether any alleged coagulant is suitable for the purpose or not, and as a large quantity of milk is handled daily in a cheese factoiy, and it is weeks before it can be determined wdiether the coagulant is serving the purpose or not, it is evident that the risk involved is vers- great. 8 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 The Dairy Commissioner advised the eheesemakers not to purchase any prepara- tion which had not been thoroughly tried by some competent person who could re- commend it. The results of the tests of inferior articles were published as soon as known. In this way the reputation of Canadian cheese was protected, and heavy losses averted. There was also the danger of uninformed persons attributing any defect in the quality of the cheese to the use of pepsin, and thus injuring the repu- tation of the Canadian product. Any alleged defects in cheese due to pepsin which were reported were followed up by the experts of the department, and in every case it was found that the defect was due to something else, or to the fact that the pepsin was not properly used. By thus proving the satisfactory character of pepsin, confidence was established in a very short time. - Pepsin Supplied by the Department at Cost. As a precaution against an actual shortage, I authorized the Dairy Commissioner to purchase a quantity of pepsin to ba sold to eheesemakers at cost in cases of failure on their part to secure supplies through the regular trade channels, or in the event of any attempt being made to unduly inflate the price of pepsin. The result is that eheesemakers can now secure pepsin in both liquid and powdered form at a price, which, although higher than the pre-war price of rennet extract, is only about one- third the present cost of standard rennet extract. It was thought at first that there was a slightly larger loss of fat in the whey when pepsin only was used, but further investigations and experience in the use of pepsin show that quite as good results in this respect can be obtained with pepsin as with rennet. With this last objection removed, there is no reason why eheesemakers should pay high prices for rennet. The Dairy Station at Finch, Ont. The dairy station at Finch, Ont., was under operation by the department as a model cheese factory and creamery the entire year, as usual, the business increasing slightly over that of the previous year. The total quantity of milk received in 1916 was 2,486,380 pounds and the average value to the patrons was $1.60 per 100 pounds, compared with 2,418,010 pounds of milk received in 1915 and an average value of $1.35 per 100 pounds. the creamery AT ST. hilaire, n.b. The Madawaska creamery at St. Hilaire, N.B., was operated h|y the department during the summer months of 1916, and there was a considerable increase in the quantity of butter made in comparison with the previous season. Farmers in the district are well pleased with the results obtained, and a further increase is looked for in the quantity of milk furnished to this creamery during the coming season of 1917. The average price paid to the patrons in 1916 was 35-55 cents per pound of butter fat. In 1915 the average price paid was 27-09 cents per pound. RE POUT Oi' THE MIXISTER 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 COW TESTING. During the season of 1916 the general plan of cow testing was continued as in former years : — (a) Through "Cow Testing Associations," in which the testing of milk samples from individual cows was done entirely by managers of cheese factories and cream- eries, for which they were paid by the department at the rate of 5 cents per test. (Under this plan there were 572 herds with 4,457 cows tested in 1910.) (h) Through "Dairy Record Centres," in which an officer of the department had direct charge of the milk testing. The following table shows the steady growth of the work at the thirty-five dairy record centres in the last three years, without increasing the number of men employed : — Total Number Total Number Total Number of of Cows of Herds. Under Test. Records Received. 1914 2,027 17,777 126,527 1915 2,743 23,009 183,560 1916 3,383 29,4*09 212,854 The above figures do not include the large number of individual farmers who are making tests privately as a result of the cow-testing propaganda, and who are supplied with forms withtout charge by the Dairy and Cold Storage Branch. The steadily increasing number of applications for milk and food record forms, particularly the forms for daily weights of each milking, that continue to come from all corners of the Dominion, testify to the widespread desire for the information to be derived from cow testing. There are also a great many inquiries from farmers for information about milk-testing apparatus. Statistics show that there has been an average increase in milk production of over 1,000 pounds per cow for the whole of Canada since this work was started. At present values, this increase represents about $40,000,000. INSPECTION OF DAIRY PRODUCTS. The inspection of dairy products has been carried on during the past year in the same manner and by the same staff as during the previous year. The methods of inspection are described in detail in Appendix IX of the Report of the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1915. ADULTERATION OF BUTTER. Preliminary tests for water-content were made of 2,040 samples of creamery, dairy, and whey butter, of which 114 samples (5A per cent of the number tested) contained more than the legal maximum of 16 per cent of water, and were therefore adulterated. This does not mean, however, that 5£ per cent of all butter sold is adulterated, as usually only butter which appears to be high in water-content is sampled for test- ing. In most cases, when the water-content of butter is in excess of the legal maxi- mum, it is evident that such excess is not due to any intent to defraud, but is rather due to ignorance of the principles controlling the incorporation of water in butter, or 10 1>KPA UTM EXT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 to carelessness in the application of same. If circumstances indicate that there i3 no definite intent to defraud, the offender, for a first violation, is usually let off with a warning. During the year, six prosecutions were made on account of excess water, a con- viction being secured and a fine imposed in each case. IMITATIONS OF BUTTER. During the year two convictions have been secured for the sale of butter imi- tations, and a fine of $200, together with the costs of prosecution, was imposed in each case. WEIGHTS OF PRINTS OR BLOCKS OF BUTTER. The weights of prints or blocks of butter throughout the country continue to im- prove. During the past year, eighteen cases of short-weight prints have been prosecuted, and convictions secured. The fines imposed ranged from $10 to $50, with costs. The number of convictions on account of short-weight prints is fifteen more than during tbe previous year. This is due to a more vigorous policy in connection with this part of the work. Short weight is the greatest form of fraud in connection with the butter trade at the present time. With butter retailing at the present high price of about three cents per ounce, the question of short weight becomes very important. BRANDING OF CREAMERY BUTTER. During the past year two prosecutions have been taken, and convictions secured, on account of creamery butter being branded in such a manner as to give false ir formation as to the creamery in which the butter was made. REFRIGERATOR CAR SERVICES FOR BUTTER AND CHEESE. The special refrigerator car service for butter was in operation from May 8 to October 7. About 1,300 cars were operated in this service, at a cost to the Depart- ment of about seven thousand dollars. By reason of a guarantee of earnings from my department, a regular refrigerator service was provided for the dairy sections of the country, and shippers were able to forward any quantity of butter, from one pack- age upwards, without any expense other than the regular less-than-carload freight rate. During the period referred to, two inspectors were employed at Montreal, one at Toronto, and one at Halifax to report the condition of the butter cars on arrival, the temperature of the butter, quantity of ice remaining in the bunkers, etc. These reports were received daily at Ottawa, and anything of an adverse character was promptly transmitted to the railway company concerned. From June 12. to September 9, about 1,300 carloads of cheese were moved by refrigerator cars to Montreal and Quebec for export, and on these shipments the department paid the icing charge of $5 per car. This was in accordance with the agreement between my department and the railway companies, which provides for a refrigerator car service for carload shipments of cheese between the dates mentioned. REPORT OF THE Ml \ 1st El! 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 CARGO INSPECTION'. Four cargo inspectors were employed at Montreal during the season of navi- gation, instead of six as in pre-war days, and one inspector at Halifax. In Great Britain the usual staff of four inspectors was maintaned, covering the ports of London, Liverpool, Glasgow, and Bristol. Under existing conditions the class of labour em- ployed in loading and unloading the ships was naturally not so expert as before the war, and the proportion of breakage was therefore considerably increased. The in- spectors did the best they could to supervise the handling and to keep down the per- centage of beakage to a minimum. Thermographs were placed in the regular liners, and temperature records were obtained for the information of the shippers". Full reports were also made on the condition of all perishable cargo loaded or discharged at any of the ports mentioned above. THE GRIMSBY PRECOOLING AND EXPERIMENTAL FRUIT STORAGE WAREHOUSE. During the season of 1916 the experimental cold storage warehouse at Grimsby, Out., which is owned and managed by this department, under the direction of the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner, carried on experiments and demonstrations on : — The proper maturity of fruit for long-distance shipment. Best style of package. Methods of loading ears. The use of brine tank cars for fruit shipments. The rate of precooling at different temperatures, and in different styles of packages. Bulletins covering the experiments have been issued and are available for distri- bution. » During the season this warehouse handled 1,567,328 pounds of fruit for the local growers. This quantity is equivalent to about eighty carloads. PUBLIC COLD STORAGE WAREHOUSES. Under the provisions of the Cold Storage Act (chapter 6, 6-7 Edward VII) the sum of $2*6,053. 21 was paid in the form of subsidies to public cold storage warehouses that had been erected in conformity with the above Act. ~Ko new contracts were entered into during the year, and the expenditure under this head is decreasing rapidly each year. CREAMERY COLD STORAGE. A bonus of $100 is paid to any creamery that builds a suitable cold-storage room according to plans and specifications furnished free by the department. During the year, forty-one applications for this bonus were received and thirty were approved and paid. In the case of the other eleven the conditions laid down by the department were not complied with. This bonus system was commenced in 1S97, and since that time 977 creameries have taken advantage of it. 12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 PUBLICATIONS. During the year the following publications have been issued: — Bulletin 49. — Small Cold Storages and Dairy Buildings. Bulletin 50. — The Use of Brine Tank Refrigerator Cars for Fruit Shipment. Bulletin 51. — The Bate of Frecooling Fruit in Different Styles of Packages and at Different Temperatures. Bulletin 52. — Methods of Handling Basket Fruits. Circular 18. — The Use of Pepsin as Substitute or Partial Substitute for Rennet in the Manufacture of Cheese. Circular 19. — Directions for Using Soluble Powdered Pepsin as a Substitute for Rennet. Circular 20. — Cow Testing: Circular 21. — Further Notes on the Use of Pepsin and Other Substitutes for Rennet in the Manufacture of Cheese. THE SEED COMMISSIONER'S BRANCH. The work of the Seed Commissioner's Branch during the past year has been under four main divisions — seed growing, seed testing, seed inspection, and seed supply. The question of seed supply has required more attention than usual. The production and use of better seed is encouraged by subventions to the prov- inces for field-crop competitions, seed fairs and provincial seed exhibitions, and to growers of field root and vegetable seeds under certain conditions. A grant is also made to the Canadian Seed Growers' Association, which directs the production of registered and improved seeds grown from superior stocks. Seeds are tested for purity and germination at the Ottawa and Calgary labora- tories. Twenty-five samples are tested free of charge for any company or individual. For each additional test a charge of 25 cents is made. This work has increased greatly during the last few years. The seed trade is regulated under the Seed Control Act. Inspectors are assigned to definite districts to visit seed dealers and growers, report the kinds and quantity of seeds offered for sale, and forward samples from inferior lots for official analysis. The Seed Control Act defines the quality of different grades of timothy, red clover, alsike, and alfalfa seeds. Special seed grades are also defined by Order in Council for Western Canada grain, and seed corn on the cob is sold under the voluntary control agreement. Those seeds for which grades are not defined must be labelled with the names of all noxious weed seeds which are present in excess of a stated proportion. All seeds not up to vitality standards for good seed of the kind must be sold under mark of actual percentage germination. Violations of the Act are punishable by fines. Information is collected and compiled on seed supplies for farm and garden crops. Where a shortage occurs, special efforts are made to stimulate production and facilitate securing and distributing available supplies. Timothy seed growing is being encouraged in Alberta, and field root and vegetable seeds where conditions are favourable. This year seed grain in large quantities has been purchased and distributed at cost. The following summary report gives in more detail the nature of the work carried on by this branch. REPORT OF THE MINISl EB SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Seed Growing. 13 FIELD CROP COMPETITIONS AND SEED FAIRS. These services are conducted by the provinces, with the assistance of Dominion subventions amounting to two-thirds of the moneys awarded in cash prizes, but not exceeding- approximately one-half the total cost of conducting this educational work. The number of competitions held continues to increase. During the summer of 191G there were 442 field-crop competitions conducted, on which subvention amounting to $25,785.57 was claimed, as follows : — Prince Edward Island $ 686 99 Nova Scotia 79 6 27 New Brunswick 781 00 Quebec 4,000 00 Ontario 13,013 33 Manitoba . . 46 65 Saskatchewan 2,612 31 Alberta 2,849 32 British Columbia 1,000 00 This number of competitions held shows an increase of twenty-five over the previous season. The total subvention claimed is about $G0 less than in 1915. The fall- ing-off was principally in Nova Scotia, Manitoba, and British Columbia. ►Sub- stantial increases are shown by New Brunswick, Quebec, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. In, the winter and early spring of 1915-16 there were 177 local seed fairs on which subvention was paid amounting to $7,083.69, divided as follows: — Prince Edward Island $ 200 00 Nova Scotia 240 32 New Brunswick 300 00 Quebec 1,934 51 Ontario 113 53 Manitoba 1,225 10 Saskatchewan 1,767 00 Alberta 1,303 23 These returns show an increase of thirty-two in the total number of seed fairs held in comparison with the previous season, and an increase of nearly $1,000 in the sub- vention paid. .Provincial seed exhibitions were conducted during the winter of 1915-16, and sub- ventions paid as follows: — Prince Edward Island $446 00 Nova Scotia 18700 Maritime Provinces Winter 595 00 Fair, Amherst, N.S New Brunswick ,, 419 00 Quebec 450 00 Ontario, Guelph 550 67 Ottawa 582 67 Manitoba 600 00 Saskatchewan 300 67 Alberta 40000 Total $4,531 01 The returns for the seed fairs and provincial seed exhibitions conducted during the present year are not completed. 14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V. A. 1918 FIELD ROOT AND VEGETABLE SEEDS. The production of field-root and garden vegetable seeds has been further encouraged during the past year. For the supervision of this work the employment of special officers became necessary. Supplies of these seeds from Europe have been materially reduced and have advanced in values. Seedsmen, accordingly, have offered contracts and stock seed to Canadian growers for 1917 and 1918 production at quite remun- erative prices. My officers in direct charge of this work have been able to arrange for the production of a substantial part of our requirements of these seeds by assisting seedsmen in' placing orders for their supplies with experienced growers in the prov- inces of British Columbia and Ontario. The acreage of swede turnip and the hardier vegetable seeds is also being extended in Quebec and the Maritime Provinces. It is anticipated that by thus placing the industry on a sound business basis, profitable to both the grower and the trade, greatly increased production will result. The quantity of homegrown seeds produced in 1916 remained practically as in 1915. The seed on which subvention was paid amounted to over 27,400 pounds, the subvention being approximately $1,200. The kinds and amounts produced were: sugar beet, 20,325 pounds; mangel, 2,283; swede, 1,948; parsnip, 1,209; onion, 1,066; garden beet, 250; and smaller quantities of table carrot, cabbage, tomato, and radish. A large number of farmers and gardeners also grew sufficient seed for their own use. REGISTERED AND IMPROVED SEED. Financial support to the work of the Canadian Seed Growers' Association has been continued. This association is now receiving $7,000 per year from the Seed Commissioner's Branch appropriation. Valuable work is being done by mem- bers of this association in the production of superior strains of seed, parti- cularly cereals. Under the direction of the association, individual growers or farming clubs are provided with select seed, usually developed by an Experimental Farm, which is grown under rules to maintain its purity. The product of this select stock seed is catalogued each year by the association as registered or improved seed, according to its standing, and constitutes a valuable source of supply for high class seed. SEED TESTING. Under this general division of the work is included the testing, of seeds for farm- ers and merchants, identification of samples, and general educational and investiga- tion work in connection with the cleaning and handling of seeds. Many samples of- seed are also tested in connection with the seed inspection system. SEED TESTED FOR FARMERS AND MERCHANTS. Severe injury to the principal grain crops from different causes throughout West- ern and much of Eastern Canada last fall resulted in a gi-eat increase in the volume of work demanded of the seed laboratories at Ottawa and Calgary. The Calgary laboratory has been enlarged and improved, and has been able to render an immense RKPoin of the mixis-j i:n 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 service to the grain growers of Western Canada by giving them exact information in regard to the purity and vitality of grain which they were contemplating using as seed. From September 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917, 11,870 samples of grain and other seeds were received and tested at Calgary, as compared with 6,882 for the same period last year. In reporting on samples sent by farmers, the results of the germina- tion tests have been accompanied by remarks as to the impurities and recommenda- tions for improving the seed by cleaning. At the Ottawa laboratory, 9,763 samples were received from September 1 to March 31. The larger proportion of these were received from wholesale and retail merchants, and represent lots of timothy, red clover, alsike and alfalfa intended for sale through- out the trade under grades as required by the Seed Control Act. An unusually large number of red clover seed samples were received from Ontario farmers, due no doubt to the excellent conditions for seed production obtaining the previous fall. The seed was of an unusually high quality, but too much of the Ontario seed is polluted with the seeds of ribgrass, ragweed, night-flowering catehfly, foxtail and other weeds whose seeds are of such a size that they are difficult or impos- sible of separation by sieves in ordinary cleaning machinery. Accompanying the ordinary purity reports issued to farmers on red clover samples, letters and circulars have been sent giving information in respect to cleaning and handling the seed. EDUCATIONAL WORK. The influence of the seed laboratory in spreading information in regard to the value and meaning of seed testing has been enlarged through the work of district representatives of the provincial Departments of Agriculture and others who con- duct short courses in agriculture for farmers and farmers' sons. These courses usu- ally include work on seed testing, seed judging, weed-seed identification and related subjects. The seed laboratory has supplied those responsible for the conduct of these classes with weed seeds, grain, screens and suggested outlines of work that might be taken up in connection therewith. Similar assistance has also been given to those taking up agriculture subjects in collegiate institutes, high schools and continuation classes. A good deal of attention has also been given to the question of cleaning grain and other seeds by means of the ordinary fanning mill. One of the chief reasons why such poor results are accomplished by fanning mills is that many of the sieves that were originally supplied have been lost or worn out. An improvement in this connec- tion is expected, as the co-operation of the manufacturers of fanning mills has been enlisted and they are now prepared to supply sieving to cover old frames to fit the farmers' mills. Our efforts towards bringing about more careful and thorough cleaning of west- ern grain at threshing time are being continued, and we have evidence that improve- ment has been made in many sections. Considerable interest has been aroused among tbe grain growers and live-stock men. and reports of successful experiments in clean- ing grain at threshing time have been received. The manufacturers of threshing ma- chines have been acquainted with the problem and at least one firm has set about per- 16 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1913 fecting an appliance for attachment to the threshing machine to separate the screen- ings. Live stock and other associations have been given information in regard to the feeding and handling of screenings. • It is of interest to note that the screenings accu- mulating at the Canadian Government elevators are being utilized as recommended in the department's bulletin on " Grain Screenings." It has been found necessary to limit somewhat the distribution of our reference collections of one hundred kinds of weed and economic seeds. The identification of seeds of weeds and other plants has received careful atten- tion, necessitating much correspondence. The laboratories are co-operating with the Association of Official Seed Analysts of North America in its efforts to improve the methods of germination and purity analysis. Mr. E. D. Eddy, Chief Seed Inspector, was president of the association last season and attended the annual meeting in St. Paul in July: Mr. J. R. Dymond, Acting Chief Seed Anylyst, has been referee on purity analysis for the association for two years, and attended an executive meeting of the Association held in New York in December, 1916, in affiliation with the American Association for the Advan- cement of Science. SEED INSPECTION. Inspection under the Seed Control Act has been continued along the usual lines. Owing to the light crop of clover seed in Ontario in the fall of 1915, a larger propor- tion than usual of the seed on the market the next spring was imported. Most of this seed was of excellent quality in respect to purity, and was properly graded when offer- ed for sale. The 1916 crop of clover seed was much better than that of the previous season, and a larger proportion of the seed being sold this spring is Canadian grown. Some of the finest clover seed, both red and alsike, on the market this year was pro- duced in New Ontario. As has been the case for a number of years, very little clover and timothy seed is being put on the market by large dealers that is not in conformity with the Seed Control Act requirements. Most of the violations are on the part of farmers or local dealers in the seed-producing districts who do not have their seed thoroughly cleaned, tested, and properly graded. One of the principle difficulties with which local dealers and farmers have to contend is that a great deal of the seed when threshed is badly contaminated with weed seeds, and cannot be properly prepared for market except by the use of power cleaners, which are now operated only by the large dealers. In the spring of 1916 the seed being offered for sale was inspected in 2,203 places, a decrease of sixty-five compared with the previous season. The larger places were visited by the inspectors several times. For this work temporary seed inspectors are employed to assist the regular district officers of the Seed Branch. Apart from veget- able seeds, 615 violations of the Act were detected in the spring of 1916, a decrease of about fifty compared with the previous year. Of these, 205 were for not having timothy, red clover, alsike, or alfalfa marked with the grade number; forty-eight were for having these seeds wrongly graded; and 175 for offering seeds which were below the standard for No. 3. There were 144 violations for exposing cereals and other seeds for which grades are not provided, without being labelled to indicate the presence REPORT OF Till: Ml SISTER 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 of noxious weed seeds, and forty-three for seeds being below the germination require- ments. Most of the violations were for first offences or of a minor character, and it was considered necessary to institute legal proceedings against only thirteen dealers. One of the seedsmen whose samples were collected in connection with the paper-packet seed investigation was included in this number. PAPER PACKET SEEDS. .The paper packet seed investigation commenced in the spring of 1915 has been continued and some valuable results secured. The work of the second year has con- firmed the results during the first season, in that it shows a great difference respecting the vitality and quantity of seed supplied in paper packets by various dealers. For the purpose of the investigation, sample packets of twenty standard varieties of vegetable seeds put up by ten of the largest dealers were collected by seed inspectors. The difference in the vitality of seeds supplied by various dealers is shown by the range in the proportion of their samples germinating below two-thirds of the standard for good seed which was from 8 to 53 per cent. The quantity of vital seed supplied also varied greatly with the different dealers, and in some cases with different packets put out by the same firm. Results so far indicate that certain dealers are supplying seed very low in vitality and also decidedly inferior in respect to uniformity and type character. The investigation is being continued, with more attention being given to type and the quality of the crop produced. SEED CORN CONTROL. The Seed Corn Control agreement which was inaugurated in the spring of 1916 has been renewed with some slight modifications. Under this agreement, producers of Canadian-grown corn undertake to sell seed corn on the cob only under certain regula- tions, which require that the corn shall be properly named as to variety and marked grade No 1 or No. 2 according to defined standards. All corn sold under the agreement is subject to sampling by seed inspectors or the purchaser, and if it is found to be wrongly graded certain penalties are attached. An alphabetical list of the growers offering seed corn under the agreement renewed were received from ensilage growers, who consider it a valuable protection against being supplied with inferior seed, and also from the seed-corn growers. Owing to the extremely unfavourable weather conditions which prevailed during the season of 1916, the amount of corn produced in Canada which was suitable for seed was very limited, probably not more than 10 per cent of the normal supply. The small quantity available was exhausted early in the season, and most of the growers who would otherwise be offering seed this spring under the control system of marketing now have none for sale. These conditions have greatly reduced the number of growers under the agreement and the amount of seed offered this season. The Seed Supply, seed grain grades. The special grades for seed grain inspected at the Canadian Government elevators, referred to in last year's report, was revised in October on my recommendation to the 15—2 18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Governor in Council. Standards were defined for No. 1 Canada Western seed oats, No. 1 Northern and No. 2 seed wheat, and! No. 3 Canada Western seed barley. These grades are based on the commercial grade standards with further requirements in respect to purity, dockage, and vitality. For the seed grades, Eed Fife and Marquis wheat are kept separate. All grain on which ex-elevator seed certificates are issued must be cleaned to the dockage set by the seed inspectors and be free from noxious weed seeds within the meaning of the Seed Control Act. The application of these special seed grades is effected through the co-operation of my colleague, the Honourable the Minister of Trade and Commerce, whose officers are responsible for handling the grain in the elevators, apart from the inspection for the seed grades. The inspection of the seed when it enters the elevators, and when cleaned for shipment, is done by my staff of seed inspectors. SEED PURCHASING COMMISSION. Owing to the extremely unfavourable weather conditions prevailing in parts of Canada last season, the grain crop was greatly reduced in yield and the quality much impaired. Early in the fall it became evident that prompt action was desirable, on the part of the Government, in order to preserve the best part of the western crop and make it available for seed this spring. With this in view the Governor in Council, on my recommendation, appointed a special tead-purchasing commission with authority to purchase, and store in the Can- adian Government elevators, grain that was suitable for seed. This grain was to be cleaned to the seed-grade standards, under the inspection of Seed Branch officers, and delivered, on order of the chief commissioner, at a price sufficient to cover the average cost of the grain plus charges for cleaning, sacks, loading ex-elevator, and other necessary expenses. The cost of the commission, including salaries, is being met from the Seed Branch appropriation. For the personnel of the commission, appointments were made from the most experienced inspectors of the Seed Branch staff. Mr. A. E. Wilson, Indian Head, Sask., is chief commissioner and purchasing agent. The duties of the Seed Purchasing Commission included negotiations with pro- vincial and municipal governing bodies in the three prairie provinces with a view to securing their co-operation in the matter of providing seed to grain growers who were really in need of financial support. The provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan promptly adopted suitable legislation authorizing their municipal governing bodies to extend credit to those farmers who were in need. With these arrangements com- pleted, and in view of the fact that shortage of seed supply in the province of Alberta was confined to a few relatively small localities which were taken care of by local interests, apart from special legislation, the seed purchasing commission were able throughout to maintain a basis for selling seed grain subject to payment by bank draft on arrival of the seed. The Seed Purchasing Commission, acting for Western Canada, and the Canadian Government Elevators Seed Department, with officers at 226 Grain Exchange, Winni- peg, acting as selling agent for the commission for Eastern Canada, were able to fill all orders for seed grain from municipal governing bodies, farmers' organizations, farmers, and also wholesale and retail seed merchants in all parts of Canada, that, were received, with grain of superior quality that was clean and suitable for seeding. h'KI'Oh'T OF Till] MIMsTKli 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The sum of $400,000 was first made available for the purchase of seed wheat, according to the terms of the Order in Council (P.O. 2314) October 7, 1916. A further sum of $800,000 was provided by Order in Council (P.C. 3073) December 14, for the purchase of seed oats and barley as well as wheat. On March 23 a final appropriation of $500,000 was made by Order in Council, (P.C. 830), making a total of $1,700,000 made available for the purchase of seed grain. The money was placed at the credit of the Seed Purchasing Commission at the Bank of Montreal, Regina, Sask., in installments of $100,000 as required. The total amount issued to the credit of the commission at Regina was $1,400,000. All seed sold by the commission was for cash, and all proceeds from sales of seed grain were deposited to the credit of the Receiver General. It is expected that all the money advanced to the commission for purchases will be returned from sales before the end of June, with the probability of a small surplus. Up to March 31 the commission had purchased 629,383 bushels of wheat, 392,815 bushels of oats, and 1,566 bushels of barley. . The average cost of the wheat at the elevators was approximately $1.84 per bushel, No. 1 Northern basis; and the oats, approximately 59 cents per bushel. In the cost price is included the premium over the commercial grade price paid for seed grain and the inward freight to the elevators. The quantity sold and delivered by the commission up to April 7 amounted to 398,063 bushels of cleaned seed wheat, at an average price of approximately $1.98 per bushel, No. 1 Northern basis, and 7,48)0 bushels of oats at an average price of approximately 69 £ cents per bushel. These prices include freight paid to point of shipment, and sacks and sacking for a part of the grain. These oat sales do not include the sale made through the Winnipeg office of the Canadian Government Elevators where orders were accepted from Eastern Canada for No. 1 Canada Western cleaned seed oats which were sold at SO cents per bushel, freight paid to Fort William. AVESTERN CANADA TIMOTHY SEED. For several years officers of this branch have devoted considerable attention tc> the production of timothy seed in Western Canada, particularly certain districts in Alberta. It has been found that the seed produced in the Prairie Provinces is usually of excellent quality. In 1912 a propaganda was instituted to stimulate timothy seed production in the principal live-stock districts of Alberta. By 1915 the industry had developed sufficiently to supply the needs of the province, and nine car loads of Alberta timothy seed were shipped to points outside the province. An inquiry last August indicated a large increase in the timothy seed harvest with considerable anxiety on the part of farmers as to facilities for assembling and cleaning the seed for market. The matter was submitted by the Seed Commissioner to the Board of Grain Commissioners, resulting in an arrangement becoming effective September 1 for handling the seed at the Canadian Government terminal elevator at Calgary, on the general basis that is applied to flax seed and cereal grains. Announce- ment was made to growers and dealers that timothy seed would be received at the Calgary elevator, cleaned, graded, warehouse receipt issued for the net weight of recleaned seed, stored for fifteen days, and finally sacked and loaded on the cars 15— 2* 20 DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 •■ex-elevator at a total charge of 5 cents per hundredweight. It was recognized that this was merely a nominal charge, as the process of cleaning timothy seed is much slower than with flax seed or cereal grains. During the past season, 1,337,460 pounds of timothy seed were received at the Calgary elevator. Of this amount about 86 per cent was graded Xo. 2 under the ^Seed Control Act standards, 12£ per cent Xo. 3, and only 1J per cent was below the jKTo. 3 standard. The Alberta seed has found a ready market. THE LIVE STOCK BEAXCH. I took the opportunity last year of pointing out, through my report, the very great importance of live-stock production as an increasing commercial asset to the country and, at the same time, called attention to the advantages of stimulating and developing our export trade in establishing a permanent and lucrative market for our ■surplus live-stock products. During the year which has just closed, the significant truth of the statements then made has been more clearly and impressively emphasized through the growing urgency of the food problem which has confronted the United Kingdom and her allies. Throughout the twelve months, prices of eggs, poultry, bacon, and beef have risen to an unprecedented level, a fact which serves to indicate very faithfully the well-recognized world shortage of meats and meat products. That the farmers of Canada are contributing a substantial quota to the Empire's need in this regard is made clear by a consideration of the amounts of our exports of such staple commodities as are included in the following statement. Comparison with the exports of previous years indicates the remarkable resources of the country in the .ability to respond to a market demand which has been called into being in such a limited interval of time. EXPORTS. Fiscal Year. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. Eggs Beef Pork Wool Totals $ 58, 176 279 276 5,351,225 160, 877 322, 669 79,687 314,588 $ 92, 322 211,763 3,763,330 1,165,295 270,049 216,810 803,522 $ 1,206,518 551,078 11,812,186 2,060,430 2,654,064 2,610,776 2,786,665 23,681,717 $ 2,705,416 440,319 25,759,266 6,154,632 1,382,734 2,054,316 1,506,579 S 1,810,380 388,035 43,011,439 5,750,435 766,595 2,522,926 2,595,488 6,566,498 6, 523, 091 40, 003, 262 56,845,298 Notf.. — The figures for 1913-14-15-16 include importations re-exported. For 1917, the figures are for •domestic exports only. I am glad to be able to say that the services of the Live Stock Branch have been utilized to the very fullest possible extent in developing the movement and in strength- ening the position of the country in this direction. Under the circumstances, I feel L'EI'Oh'T or Till: I//.Y/N '/' lilt 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 that there is ample justification for the increasing appropriations which Parliament has been asked to provide for this work. The activities which have been undertaken during the past year have undoubtedly aided greatly in extending production, in increasing the facilities in marketing, and in developing a strong, confident attitude throughout the country which, even under the difficulties presented through shortage of labour and high prices for feed, has stimulated an extension of effort and of enter- prise in all the provinces of the Dominion. I am particularly glad to be able to com- ment upon the willingness of such powerful institutions as the banks, the railways, and the distributors to co-operate with the department in what has been undertaken. The need for the commercial expansion of our live-stock industry upon a sound busi- ness basis is being widely recognized, and I am satisfied that even more significant developments are yet to be expected. Following is a brief enumeration of the activities of the Live Stock Branch dur- ing the past year: — Horse Division, distribution of pure-bred stallions. During the year the work of loaning stallions was continued. The original inten- tion of the policy to loan stallions in the outlying and newly settled districts is being closely adhered to. Stallions have been supplied to many new associations in outlying districts which otherwise would be forced to use scrub's, as the people are unable to purchase pure-bred animals for themselves. The branch has purchased, since the incep- tion of the policy in 1913, some 158 horses. These have been distributed from Cape Breton Island to the new districts of British Columbia and up in the Peace River country. To date only eight of these stallions have died. Considering the varying conditions under which these horses are kept, it is really a remarkable showing. As a whole, these horses have been particularly healthy, and have left a high percentage of good, serviceable colts. Many letters and reports have been received during the year from various sections of the country telling of the great improvement that has been brought about by the strong prepotent blood of the pure-bred. Many associations sent in renewal applications, although the stallions had been with them three or even four years. In addition to improvement in the horse stock, the value of sticking to one breed and the advantage of co-operation among the breeders is slowly but surely taking root. Districts that formerly had the loan of stallions from this branch have this year reorganized their associations into clubs for the purpose of hiring horses. In several cases, at least, clubs would not have been formed had it not been for the fact that the value of co-operation among the breeders and the advantages of using a good stallion had already been demonstrated. FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TO HORSE BREEDING. This policy of allowing a district to organize a club for the purpose of hiring a good stallion for the use of the members is proving particularly popular. The reports show that the clubs are hiring the best stallions to be found in the country.. 22 DEPARTMEXT OF A f! I' I CULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 This will have a two-fold influence upon horse breeding. The generous patronage given to good horses will result in having a larger number of high-class colts than heretofore. Moreover, the fact that the clubs are hiring the best horses will result in the importers bringing a better class of stallion into the country, while our own breeders will be encouraged to use not only the best stallions, but to procure the best mares in their efforts to raise the high-quality class of horses required. This policy has received the favourable commendation of experienced breeders throughout the country. Time and again letters have beeen received stating that it is undoubtedly the best policy at present in operation in any horse-breeding country of the world. From the number of applications already received there will undoubtedly be five or six times as many clubs in operation during the season .of 1917 than there were in 1916. From the inquiries for good stallions throughout the country, it would appear that the farmers are again giving serious attention to horse breeding. During the year, in addition to the several thousand horses purchased for war purposes, some 12,000 were shipped from eastern points to the western farms. Saskatchewan dealers also bought largely in Manitoba and in Alberta. Unlike other classes of live stock, the prices of horses have not been enhanced by war conditions. However, everything considered, the average price has been fairly good. Reports go to show that some sections of the cou-ntry have sold rather short. Particularly is this true in the case of good, young mares. Farmers to-day would be wise not only to retain their good, young mares, but to breed them to the best stallions within reach. Horses are not a class of live stock that a farmer can go out of to-day and step into to-morrow. If the best results are to be obtained and a constant steady supply kept up, their breeding must be given steady, persistent attention. Cattle Division. distribution of pure-bred bulls. In 1913 the policy of loaning pure-bred bulls to associations specially organized under rules laid down by the Live Stock Branch was inaugurated. Each season the number of applications has been very large, and the filling of same has practically absorbed the annual supply of suitable bulls. On December 31, 1916, the number of bulls in the hands of associations was as follows : — Breed. British Colum- bia. Alberta. Saskat- chewan. Mani- toba. Ontario. Quebec. New Bruns- wick. Nova Scotia. Prince Iviwurd Island. Total. Shorthorn 19 10 13 181 1 5 15 7 256 3 18 13 6 69 69 5 13 2 1 126 189 42 3 2 12 2 11 25 3 21 9 2 754 254 106 42 21 23 10 3 3 Ayrshire Holstein ........ Hereford 8 9 6 A. Angus 1 Canadian Jersey 23 1 6 1 1 i 2 2 R. Polled 1 I 51 209 297 93 90 384 17 43 32 1,216 REl'ORT OF THE )l I \ 1STER 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 These sires are loaned for only one year at a time, and an association is required to meet the cost of maintaining an animal as long as it remains in its hands. The department reserves the right to inspect the animals at any time and withdraw assist- ance in the event of it being found that an association is not living up to its agree- ment. An association may renew its application for the loan of the same animal at the expiration of its term, and, if all the requirements have been complied with, such applications are promptly approved. When necessary the sires are exchanged, but only for animals of the same breed. All bulls are inspected at least once a year by regular officers of the Live Stock Branch. By their advice and recommendations our inspectors are able to do much towards promoting the objects of the associations, and, in addition, it has been found that the bulls are kept in much more satisfactory con- dition when inspections are made regularly. Usually one inspection a year is made, but when it is found necessary two and even three visits are made. The reports received indicate that in the majority of cases the sires placed have resulted in a marked improvement in the quality of the live stock of the districts affected. Such improvements usually result in increased interest in cattle raising, and in many cases districts assisted two or three years ago have now so increased their holdings of cattle that the members have purchased bulls of their own and no longer require assistance from the branch. An effort is being made to encourage the mem- bers of the associations to feed their young stock properly so that an advantage obtained by superior blood will not be lost through unintelligent handling. CAR-LOT POLICY. To effect a more equal distribution of our live-stock population, the granting of assistance through the Live Stock Branch to farmers wishing to secure good breeding stock has been authorized. Under this policy the department pays reasonable travelling expenses of the representative of individuals or associations from any section of Canada desiring to purchase one or more carloads of breeding stock in any part of the country, the expenses allowed to cover railway transportation and living expenses from the home of the purchaser to the point at which it is expected that the purchase will be made, also hotel expenses and livery expenses for the time which should be sufficient to purchase the consignment. No assistance in the payment of freight is rendered, nor is any responsibility assumed by the branch in connection with the purchase price of the consignment. Further, no assistance under the policy is rendered if stock is purchased for speculative purposes. This policy has been quite widely taken advantage of during the past two or three years. In the fall of 1916 the policy was extended to admit of the payment of the expenses of farmers purchasing stockers and feeders at the stockyards in Western Canada. This action was deemed advisable in view of the need of maintaining in the country, if possible, the stocker and feeder cattle which would otherwise go across the line as in previous years. The results obtained are summarized in a concise form in the following table: — 24 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Statement of the Shipments of Feeding and Breeding Cattle from Union Stock Yards, St. Boniface, Manitoba, October, 1916, to March, 1917, when the " Car Lot Policy" was in force; also a Statement showing Shipments during a similar period twelve months previous. West Shipments. United Spates Shipments. Totals. Totals. 1915-16. 1916-17. 1915-16. 1916-17. 1915-16. 1916-17. October November '. December J an nary March Totals 810 1,962 1,590 225 687 1,187 6,017 7,240 3,942 1,076 1,665 2,338 9,709 5,464 882 51 25 167 5,511 2,455 • 866 241 247 225 10,519 7,426 2,472 276 712 1,354 11,528 9,695 4,808 1,317 1,912 2,563 6,461 22,278 16,298 9,545 22, 759 31,823 Comparing the periods, October to March, 1915-16, and October to March, 1916-17, if the same proportion had gone south last season as in the previous season, almost 23,000 unfinished and breeding cattle would have left the Dominion, while the actual figures show but 9,545. Taking the matter in another way, there were 22,278 head shipped to points in the country, as compared with 6,641 in the previous period — a con- servation to the country of nearly 16,000 head. In addition, there were about 3,600 breeding and feeding cattle returned to the country under the " Car-lot Policy," from the Calgary and Edmonton markets. Record of Performance. The year 1916-17 has been a very hard one for most owners of dairy cows. Large numbers of cows, which, under ordinary conditions, would have been milked all winter, were allowed to go dry in the fall owing to the scarcity of grain, roots and silage. It was not encouraging at any time after the spring of 1916 for a man to enter his cows for any kind of test for production. Notwithstanding these adverse condi- tions, the interest in the record of performance test shows no signs of abatement, and owners who have had to drop out of the test for awhile, in nearly all cases express their intention of commencing again as soon as feed conditions are better. A number of applications for entry of cows in the test have been received from beginners with small herds. The number of herds in the western provinces from which cows are entered for test, is. increasing steadily. The average production of the cows under test, and the percentage qualifying for a certificate is gradually increasing. The inspectors on this work not only test the cows entered for the record of performance, but large numbers of others. In many cases there may be only a few of a herd under test, but the owner likes to know what the rest are producing. Very often neighbours bring samples of their cow's milk to be tested. Where milk or cream is being shipped, the inspector is often requested to test it. The work is appreciated, and is promoting the improvement of dairy stock and is leading to the adoption of better methods In its care. REPORT OF THE MIMsTEIt 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The following is a brief summary of the work for the year: — Number of cows entered in the test — Ayrshires 656 French-Canadians 44 Guernseys 27 Holstein-Friesians 628 Jerseys 192 Shorthorns 137 Total *. 1.684 r Number of cows qualified — Ayrshires ^ 223 French-Canadians w .. 14 Guernseys 8 Holstein-Friesians 221 Jerseys 64 Shorthorns 50 Total 580 Number of bulls qualified — Ayrshires 8 French-Canadians 1 Holstein-Friesians I- • •• 8 Jerseys " . . . . . . 1 Total 18 Appendix. The records tabulated in the appendix are for cows which have produced sufficient milk and fat to qualify, but which have failed to freshen within fifteen months after the commencement of test. Ayrshires ; 28 French-Canadians 1 Holstein-Friesians 41 jerseys 9 Shorthorns 13 Total 92 Sheep and Goat Division. Sheep raising is assuming a role of great importance in live-stock production in Canada. The supply of wool and mutton products throughout the world are by no means sufficient to meet requirements. This is especially true of wool, which repre- sents a necessity in the prosecution of the war for the manufacture of soldiers' cloth- ing. Canadian farmers are manfully trying to cope with these conditions of scarcity, and are entering upon sheep raising with the determination to conserve and increase the country's flocks and raise the standard to a degree which will bring recognition to Canada as a premier sheep-producing country. Assistance to Co-operative Associations in Preparing Wool for Market. — How- ever, the sheep industry in the past by no means occupied the prominent position in Canadian agriculhire which its importance demands. Realizing this, I instructed the officers of the Live Stock Branch in 1913 to undertake a study of the character of Canadian wool and sheep and determine what steps should be taken to effect an improvement in their status. Results of the investigations showed clearly that the 26 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 principal objections with wool obtained chiefly with condition. The quality of the scoured product for those grades produced here was most satisfactory. The fault lay with the preparation of the wool. Under the conditions existing, Canadian woollen manufacturers were able to pur- chase their wool to better advantage on outside markets, owing to their being able to secure a uniform and dependable quality and a much cleaner product. A further objection to domestic wool was that it was neither classified nor graded. In connection with the efforts of the department in conducting a propaganda for more and better wool, wool growers' associations were organized, and an appeal was made to the sheep-raiser to introduce modern methods of preparing the wool for market. "Wool prepared by members of these associations was then classified by expert wool graders, supplied free of charge to the associations by the Live Stock Branch. As a result of this work, which has now been in progress for three years, wool is eagerly sought after by dealer and manufacturer, and commands a price greatly in advance of what breeders were able to obtain when following the old unsystematic methods. Wool growers' associations are now organized in every province of the Dominion. In order to convey some idea of the manner in which the co-operative sales of wool are appreciated by the wool growers, the following review has been prepared of the progress of the work since its inception. In 1914, 206,129 pounds of wool were, graded for societies organized in four provinces — namely, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, and Alberta. In 1915 the number of organizations formed for this purpose was increased to nineteen. Approximately 420,000 pounds were classified and offered for co-operative sale. In 1916 this amount had reached the total of 1,721,598 pounds, with a value of $579,678.69, and every province was represented. "Wools east of Port Arthur last year brought an average of 41-01 cents per pound, while wool west of that point brought an average of 31-53 cents. The difference in price per pound may be explained by the greater shrinkage in the wools of Western Canada, and the closer proximity of eastern domestic wools to the woollen markets of this country. It is worthy of note that over $500,000 has been received by the sheep- raisers of Canada during the present year through the medium of the co-operative wool sales. Observations made with regard to the advantages to be obtained by the wool grower through the sale of wool in a graded condition reveal the fact that, in many instances, where wool disposed of through co-operative associations brought 36 cents per pound, a similar grade or quality of wool, grown in the same vicinity, marketed in a haphazard fashion, returned the producer only 28 cents per pound. Another step forward in the co-operative movement, in connection with the sale of wool, has been the introduction of lamb sales. In the fall of 1916 the Antigonish, N.S., Sheep-raisers' Association disposed of over 2,000 head of lambs by co-operative sale It is expected sales of this character will assume greater proportions next year. RE POUT OF THE MIMSTER 2/ SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The following tabular statement shows clearly the advance which has been made in co-operative wool sales in Canada since the inception of this policy : — Name of Association. Prince Edward Island — Prince Edward Island Wool Growers' Assn Nova Scotia — Antigonish Wool Growers' Assn Guysboro Wool Growers' Assn New Brunswick — Moncton & Westmorland Wool Growers' Assn Sussex & Studholm Wool Growers' Assn Quebec — Argenteuil Wool Growers' Assn Beauharnois Wool Growers' Assn ... Bedford Wool Growers' Assn Compton Wool Growers' Assn Megantic Wool Growers' Assn Pontiac Wool Growers' Assn. . . Richmond Wool Growers' Assn Sherbrooke Wool Growers' Assn Stanstead Wool Growers' Assn Ontario — Manitoulin Island Wool Growers' Assn Manitoba— Elkhorn Wool Growers' Assn Manitoba Sheep Breeders' Assn Saskatchewan — Saskatchewan Wool Growers' Assn Alberta — Alberta Sheep Breeders' Assn. (Calgary) Alberta Provincial Sheep Breeders' Assn. (Edmonton) t Carstairs Wool Growers' Assn % Central Alberta Wool Growers' Assn Lacombe Wool Growers' Assn Pincher District Wool Growers' Assn Southern Alberta Wool Growers' Assn Cardston District Wool Growers' Assn Vermilion Wool Growers' Assn British Columbia- Vancouver Island Flock Masters' Assn Total Amount of Wool. 1914. lb. 12,000 15,742 44,059 95,137 11,039^ 18,210 9,935 206, 128A Amount of Wool. 1915. lb. 5,496£ 12,271 1,1033 6,372 8,601 6,702 12,849 43,657 10, 030 6,045 9,936 20,295 10,648 64,777 105,883 12,788 24,141 35,916 29,642 427,153 t United with Alberta Sheep Breeders' Association 1915. {United with Lacombe Wool Growers' Association 1915. Wool Warehouse. — Difficulties in disposing satisfactorily of the western wool, owing to the great distance from the consuming market, which is in the eastern provinces, made it appear advisable to establish a central warehouse in proximity to the woollen mills, where the wool may be shipped and stored until such time as would seem expedient for its sale. This will be located in Toronto, and will be in operation during 1917. The wool, as received from the associations graded by officials of the Live Stock Branch in the field, will be held for sale by the department, acting as custodian for the growers and subject to their order. Arrangements with the banks will permit the growers to receive from them a monetary advance upon grading state- ments and bills of lading after the wool is sealed in the cars at shipping point. 28 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 This undertaking was decided upon following a conference with western wool growers' associations, and as a result of an investigation of the situation by officers of the department. The market for Canadian wool is in the east, where practically all the woollen mills are located. There are no mills using wool in the grease in Western Canada. Largely owing to this fact, western growers have been unable in the past, even though the wool in the last three years has beeen carefully graded and assembled in bulk at several important shipping centres, to secure satisfactory com- petitive bids. Permanent storage capacity being unavailable, the growers have been obliged to accept whatever bids could be obtained and, consequently, have always been at a disadvantage in marketing their product. . Prizes for Fleece Wool at Fairs. — Prizes for wool in the fleece represent an innova- tion established, at the instance of the department through the medium of the Live Stock Branch, by many Canadian fairs during the year. A greater number of fleeces were entered in most instances than it was expected the first year would bring forth, and the interest the exhibits aroused upon display augurs well for a substantial increase in the number of entries in this class next year. Secretaries of fairs offering prizes were satisfied with the showing this department made, so much so that not only is a continuance assured, but other exhibitions have proposed introducing a similar classification in their prize lists. Most of the eastern fairs had the prizes divided into three sections : fine, medium, and coarse, but two exhibitions included lustre as well, which makes the classification very complete, covering all types of domestic wool produced to any degree. In the Prairie Provinces four classes were provided, two for range or merino, fine and medium, and two for domestic, medium and coarse. Pour, five, and in some instances as many as seven awards were given. Sheep-raisers alone were permitted to compete, manu- facturers and dealers being excluded. Wool Exhibit. — Greater interest attended the presentation of the wool exhibit than in any previous year. Consequently, its itinerary was extended and it was displayed at a greater number of fairs. It has already this year been shown at thirty-one fairs, from Vancouver to Halifax, and was visited by more than a million people. During that time, 84,900 copies of pamphlets upon the sheep and wool husbandry were dis- tributed to people distinctly interested in the pursuit of this phase of the live stock industry. Many new features this year were added to the exhibit. A very cor' plete display of Karakule wool and Persian lamb-skins produced in Canada acted as an educational attraction, together with sheep-skins, pulled wool, slats, and their manufactured articles. Products of the home woollen industries of Canada were exhibited in an effort not only to introduce them to the consuming public, but to create a mlore widely spread interest in the development of work of this character by women in the home. Demonstrations, showing the most approved methods of preparing .wool for market, and in grading and sorting, were given at every fair. At the Canadian National Exhibition, Toronto, a special educational feature was staged, in connection with the display of home-spun woollen fabrics, showing the process of manufacture from wool to yarn and cloth as spun and woven by hand. REPORT OF THE MINISTER 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Sheep Breeders' Directory. — A directory has been prepared of breeders of sheep in the different provinces. This comprises both pure-bred and commercial animals, and contains data of the class or grade of sheep, together with the number raised or for sale by each breeder. This information is for public distribution, and the plan is proving most useful in conserving breeding stock by serving to get prospective breeders more closely in touch with those who have animals of this character for sale. Under previously existing conditions, sheep suitable for breeding purposes were all too liable to find their way to the shambles. Distribution of Pure-bred Bams and Boars. — The policy of loaning pure-bred sires to farmers' associations has now been in operation four years. Assistance of this nature is confined to districts where the farmers have difficulty in securing well- bred sires, or are in financial circumstances which restrict their ability to purchase the most suitable type of breeding male. In pursuing this work, it has been the purpose of the branch to limit an association to a single breed and advise persistent use of the original selection. Adherence to this system by societies has already shown results of the greatest benefit in fostering not only a keen desire amongst members to produce a better class of live stock but in creating, as well, a uniform type within a district. Live-stock breeding in Canada has never conformed to any distinctive standard. The farmer would in many instances, switch from one type to another radically different, without assuring himself whether the change would be advantageous or not. Not infrequently this caused undoubted injury and produced a haphazard in breed- ing which was not wholesome. An advance toward the establishment of the com- munity system of breeding which obtains so satisfactorily in Great Britain, is a direct result of this policy of the branch. As the following tabulated statement shows, fifteen hundred and twenty-three rams, and four hundred and sixteen boars of all the most prominent breeds have been distributed. Rams Loaned to Associations of Farmers. (Corrected to January 1, 1917.) Breed. Prince Edward Island. Nova 1 Scotia. New Bruns- wick. Quebec. Ontario Mani- toba. Saskat- chewan . Alberta. British Colum- bia. Total. Shropshire Oxford Down.. . . Leicester '. . . 86 32 15 5 9 100 214 8 4 16 23 12 14 3 1 7 3 229 86 262 16 12 61 14 30 8 54 9 27 3 5 2 3 82 51 1 1 5S5 433 359 28 44 68 17 6 3 Cheviot Southdown .... 2 4 Suffolk 6 1 2 Total 147 342 63 681 96 45 10 133 6 1,523 30 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Boars Loaned to Associations of Farmers. (Corrected to January 1, 1917.) Breed. Prince Edward Island. Nova Scotia. New Bruns- wick. Quebec. Ontario. IVIani - toba. Saskat- chewan . Alberta. 20 44 4 17 British Colum- bia. Total. Yorkshire. Berkshire 2 6 10 1 4 1 107 4 16 16 1 7 16 24 33 9 7 3 8 2 3 193 129 16 28 42 8 1 Chester White 6 1 32 4 3 2 1 1 Total 8 17 6 147 36 26 74 86 16 416 Poultry Division. Under the impetus given by the increasing export demand, the poultry industry ol the Dominion has taken on new life. In no way is this more apparent than in the interest expressed by the individual farmer. Heretofore, poultry have not been ser- iously considered on many farms. During the past year, however, conditions have been such as to emphasize the importance and profitableness of poultry -keeping. The price of eggs has been unprecedented. Starting at a compartively low level last April, it showed a steady increase through the summer, fall, and winter months. A considerable quantity of eggs went out for export in the month of June and early July, and so heavy was the movement during the fall and early winter months that the Canadian markets were practically bare of Canadian eggs during January, February, and early March. The very wet spring interfered with hatching to quite an extent and, as a result, the lateness of the pullets, combined with the particularly severe winter, mitigated against a maximum production of winter eggs, so much so that a considerable quantity of imported eggs was required to supply the consumptive demand. The scarcity of feed has also affected the poultry industry, and many individuals vho had not been accustomed to secure winter eggs rather seriously depleted their flocks last fall. Despite this fact, the high price of eggs last winter, when, in some instances, producers received as high as 78 cents or 80 cents a dozen, awakened such an interest that this spring there has been more attention paid to pure-bred poultry., more chickens hatched, and a greater endeavour made by producers everywhere to place the poultry business upon a practical paying basis. The Live Stock Branch, through its Poultry Division, has kept in close touch with the market situation throughout the year. Every encouragement and assistance has been given to co-operative marketing, with exceptionally good results. The inter- provincial movement of eggs has been encouraged and fostered, and efforts made to raise the standard and bring about that uniformity in quality which will serve as the best advertisement for the Canadian product in the export trade following the war. In this connection, extended publicity has been given to the matter of uniform standards for eggs. Classes for eggs graded in accordance with these standards have been encouraged at all of the larger exhibitions with very creditable entries at many points. These standards are being adopted by the trade and used in connection with REPORT OF THE MINISTER 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 the interprovincial movement of eggs. The egg exhibits and candling demonstrations at fairs have been continued. In all, 156 exhibits were made during the year, with an attendance of some 243,400 people. The candling demonstrations given in con- nection with these exhibits proved to be quite popular, it being estimated that some 98,000 people took advantage of the instruction given in the art of candling and grad- ing eggs. Of those availing themselves of the demonstration, over 75,000 made appli- cation for candling appliances, which have been duly forwarded to them. Eggs. Canadian eggs continue to find favour on the British market, as is apparent chiefly from the enhanced price of from 2 cents to 5 cents a dozen which the Cana- dian product has commanded in comparison with that of the United States. The markets of Great Britain have taken all the Canadian surplus, amounting to between seven and eight million dozens. Their requirements were much greater than this, as is evidenced by the large quantities of United States eggs passing through Canada in bond, most of which have been re-packed for shipment in this country. The regu- lations recommended to and applied by the Customs Department with respect to the branding of the packages of all foreign eggs passing through Canada for export, has effectively overcome much of the misrepresentation previously occurring with respect to the sale of foreign eggs as Canadian. Indications are not lacking, however, that more stringent regulations are required with respect to the grading and labelling of our own domestic product, in order to adequately safeguard the interests of our future export trade. The Co-operative Marketing of Eggs and Poultry. The high prices prevailing for eggs and the keenness of competition for a quality product has given, during the past year, a strong impetus to co-operative organization. The older associations with an established connection have been unusually successful. The newer associations organized have also benefited materially from the increasing demand for Egg Circle eggs. In all, last year some three-quarters of a million dollars' worth of eggs and poultry were marketed co-operatively throughout the Dominion. Of this, the Prince Edward Island Co-operative Association contributed a quarter of a million and the egg Circles in Ontario over a "hundred thousand dollars' worth. In addition to the organization of new units, the efforts of the department have been directed towards perfecting the older associations in a co-operative way. This is particularly true in Prince Edward Island and in some parts of Ontario, the Prince Edward Island Association having been described as perhaps having no equal in America with respect to its equity, finance, and truly co-operative spirit. This asso- ciation is particularly strong financially, and has not only acquired its own property in Charlottetown but has added greatly to its warehouse accommodation. In the newer fields, the work in the province of Alberta is showing special promise at the present time. During the winter a great many meetings were held, and the co-operative system of marketing fully explained. This spring a central receiving 32 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 station has been opened in Calgary, and the prospects are that another will be required in Edmonton at an early date. Increasing interest in this connection has also been shown among producers in both Saskatchewan and Manitoba. THE EGG AND POULTRY MARKETS' REPORT. In connection with the Markets Intelligence Service organized under the Live Stock Branch, special attention has been given to the matter of the egg and poultry situation. During the past year the sources of market information have been gradu- ally improved and a tentative report issued weekly to a limited mailing list of the officers of the branch, and certain others especially interested. I am now arranging to give this report wider distribution in connection with the Markets Intelligence Ser- vice of this department, and already have had many very appreciative letters regard- ing same and the steps being taken to place the market situation fully and frankly before the people. Federal Assistance to Fair Associations. The establishment of the policy of increased grants to fair associations, which was commenced in 1915, proved so satisfactory that it was continued during the year 1916. Needless to say, all the associations which had benefited by this grant in the year 1915 applied for further assistance during the past year. The many letters received from secretaries and other officers of these associations proved that this policy was adopted by the department just at the correct time, and that without it many of the medium-sized and even some of the larger fairs would have had to suspend opera- tions. The basis under which the grants were given was practically the same as in the previous year. To fair associations which paid out at their 1915 exhibition for prizes in the utility classes of horses, cattle, sheep, swine, and poultry a sum of $5,000 or over, a grant was made equal to half the amount actually paid out, the maximum grant in any case not to exceed $5,000. The prize lists of these exhibitions were first submitted to the Live Stock Commissioner for his approval before being printed, and in this way many suggestions which later proved to be very useful were made. During the year 1916, twenty-eight fairs were given grants by the department, this entailing an expen- diture of $109,375.72. The Markets Intelligence Service. Recognizing the need of information which would be of assistance to the producer in marketing his live stock in a more intelligent manner, the Intelligence Service- was organized for the purpose of gathering detailed information regarding current live- stock prices, and the supply and demand for Canadian live stock and live-stock products. As the public live-stock markets are the centres where supply and demand are best indicated and where and index to the general live-stock conditions can best be secured, representatives were placed at all the large central live-stock markets in, Canada. In addition to keeping in touch with the trend of the markets, the repre- sentatives have secured details as to prices; the different kinds of live stock have been REPORT OF THE MINISTER 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 classified according to quality; the district in each province from which they came has been ascertained and the disposition of the stock procured. Arrangements are being made that the branch may be always in close contact with the source of production, in order that the future condition of the market may be correctly interpreted. The eo-operation of the farm press has been secured in connection with the distribution, weekly, of this information and it is expected that a very efficient system in this direc- tion will be perfected. The dissemination of this market data among all interested in the sale of live stock and live-stock products will give stability to the trade, tend to better uniformity of prices, consequent on a more regular supply, and further will create greater confidence in the future of our live stock industry. DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS AND STATIONS. The work of the Experimental Farms Branch has been actively pursued during the year. In addition to the experimental work carried on at the Central and Branch Farms, all possible attention has been given to the problems connected with maximum production of crops during the war. The flax investigation work has been continued. Acre lots of fibre were grown in various sections of the Dominion. These have been gathered at the Central Farm, where a flax building has been erected and is now ready for the installation of machinery. The flax will be retted and scutched, and it will then be possible to form some opinion as to its quality as compared with flax grown in Ireland and other parts of Europe. Arrangements have been made for growing further experimental areas of flax during the coming season. Plant pathological laboratories have been erected at Brandon, Man., and Indian Head, Sask. It is expected that the chief work at these will be the study of diseases affecting cereal crops. Preparatory work, such as clearing and draining, were continued at the new Stations at Ivapuskasing, Ont., and Spirit Lake, Que., and a large area on each is ready for crop this coming season. Lack of buildings has delayed the work, especially with live stock, on some of the newer Stations. During the year the following publications have been issued or are now in the press : — The Annual Report of the Experimental Farms for 1915-16. In the Regular Series of Bulletins — No. 87. The Principles of Poultry House Construction, by F. C. Elford, Dominion Poultry Husbandman. No. 88. The Preparation of Poultry Produce for Market, by the same author. No. 89. Poultry Keeping in Town and Country, by the same author. In the Second Series — No. 27. Soil Fertility, by Dr. F. T. Shutt, Dominion Chemist. No. 28. Flax for Fibre, by John Adams, Assistant Dominion Botanist. No. 29. Cranberry Culture, by M. B. Davis, Assistant in Horticulture. No. 30. Feeding for Beef in Alberta, by \V. H. Fairfield and G. H. Hutton. No. 31. Gopher Destruction, compiled by J. H. Grisdale. In Pamphlets — No. 14. The Home Vegetable Garden, by W. T. Macoun, Dominion Horticulturist. 15—3 34 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 In Circulars — • No. 12. The Black or Stem Rust of Wheat, by H. T. Gussow, Dominion Botanist. No. 13. Garden Making on Vacant Lots, by W. T. Macoun, Dominion Horticulturist. Special Circulars — No. 1. Grain Growing on the Prairies, by J. H. Grisdale. No. 2. Maximum Crops, 1917, by W. L. Graham. No. 3. Varieties of Grain recommended for Use in Canada, by Dr. C. E. Saunders. No. 4. Notes on the Cultivation of Some Staple Vegetables, by W. S. Blair. No. 5. Preparing Farm Horses for Summer Work, by E. S. Archibald. No. 6. Produce more Poultry Products,' by P. C. Elford and Geo. Robertson. No. 7. The Dairy Cow, by E. S. Archibald. No. 8. Feeding of Swine, by Geo. Rothwell. No. 9. Recommended Varieties of Field Roots, by F. S. Browne. No. 10. Field Beans, by W. L. Graham. In 1916, crop conditions, on the whole, were much less favourable than those of the record-breaking year 1915. In the Prairie Provinces, the prospects for a good yield of cereals were excellent up to the beginning of August, but during that month a serious attack of rust developed in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, which either destroyed the crop over large areas or materially lowered both yield and grade. Average yields throughout the Dominion were lower than in 1915. Potatoes were a poor crop in Ontario and Quebec, but good in the Maritime Provinces and fair in the Prairie Provinces and British Columbia. Fodder corn also gave low yields. Hay and clover gave record returns, with a total yield of 14,799,000 tons, an average of 1-86 tons per acre. Increased prices helped to offset lower yields. The total value of the field crops of Canada in 1916 is estimated at $808,054,000, as compared with $841,297,500 in 1915. Below are tabulated some data on the yields and value of the principal field crops of Canada in 1916. A table is also given showing the numbers of the principal classes of live stock in the Dominion during 1912-16, inclusive. Harvested Areas, Estimated Yields, and Value of Field Crops, 1916. Crop. Fall wheat Spring wheat All wheat Oats Barley Rye Peas Beans Buckwheat Mixed grains Flax: . Corn for husking .... Potatoes Turnips, mangels, etc Hay and clover Fodder corn Sugar beets Alfalfa Area. Acres. 936,600 11,942,900 12, 879, 500 9,835,100 1 , 651 , 100 145,120 150,280 32,500 341,500 397,770 605,700 173,000 448,800 156,200 7,974,000 297, 100 15,000 89, 780 Yield per Acre. Bush. 2150 16 75 17 00 35 75 25 00 20-00 14 46 12 70 17 50 25 33 1175 36 31 136 20 264-24 Tons. 186 665 4 75 291 Total Yield. Bush. 20,131,000 200,236,000 220,367,000 351,174,000 41,318,000 2,896,400 2,172,400 412,600 5,976,000 10,077,000 7,122,300 6, 282, 000 61,128,000 41,274,000 Tons. 14,799,000 1,976,700 71,000 261 , 450 Weight per Measured Bushel. Lb. 59 52 56 61 57 10 33 86 45 66 54 95 59 88 60 00 46 35 43 13 54 99 56 51 Average Price per Bushel. 1-53 1-29 1-31 053 082 111 222 540 107 090 2 05 107 0-81 0-41 Per ton. 11-52 492 6 20 10 70 Total Value. REPORT OF THE MINISTER 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 LIVE STOCK IN THE DOMINION. The following table gives the numbers of the principal classes of live stock in the Dominion for the years 1912-16, inclusive: — Live Stock. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. No. 2,996,099 2,666,846 3,399,155 2,038,662 3,111,900 1916. Canada — Otlier cattle No. 2,692,357 2,604, 188 3,827,373 2,082,381 3,477,310 No. 2,866.088 2,740,434 3,915,687 2,128,531 3,448,326 No. 2,947,738 2,673,286 3,363,531 2,058,045 3,434,261 .V 2,990,635 2,603,345 3,313,519 1,965,101 2,814,672 Division of Chemistry. The work of 'this important division during the past year has been satisfactorily prosecuted in spite of the fact that three of the assistant chemists were absent on active military service and great difficulty experienced in temporarily filling their places. It has been found necessary to lay aside for the time being certain of the investigations, but work upon these will be resumed as soon as opportunity permits. A very considerable amount of extra work in connection with the Dominion-wide campaign for an increased production of foodstuffs has fallen upon this division. This has included analytical work, correspondence, addresses, and the writing of special articles on matters pertaining to agricultural operations and farm life. As already indicated, the chief energies of the division have been directed towards giving assistance to the man on the land, in the care and use of manure, in the choice of fertilizer, in the purchase of feeding stuffs, etc. In this connection from 1,500 to 2,000 samples have been received, examined, and reported on. These included soils, naturally occurring fertilizers, limes and ground limestones, fodders and feeding stuffs, insecticides and fungicides, well waters, etc. We believe that this phase of the division's work has been found of very considerable value to the farming com- munities. The total number of samples received for examination, and reported on during the year, was 3,730, about 1,500 of which constituted samples collected in connection with special investigations and matters of research. The work of examination of flour samples, representatives of flour purchases made by the British War Office through the Department of Agriculture, has continued throughout the year. In all 704 samples have been analyzed as to water-content, and there has also been a very considerable amount of investigatory work done on the various methods in use in this determination, with a view of ascertaining their rela- tive accuracy. The Meat Inspection Division of the Health of Animals Branch submitted during the year 851 samples of examination and report. These comprised lards, tallows, oils, preserved meats, sausages, colouring matters and dyestuffs, preservatives, pickling solutions, spices and condiments, evaporated apples, and waste, etc. In addition to the analysis of these samples to learn if they met the requirements of the food stan- 15— 3i 36 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 dards, work of an investigatory nature has been undertaken in connection with certain newly introduced cures for meat products, methods of sampling and analysis for vege- table canned goods, and several other matters of considerable importance relating to the products of the packing-house industry. The investigational work with fertilizers, continues to yield interesting and valu- able data. During the past year this experimental work has been extended to other Stations of the system where conditions indicate the desirability of attempting the solution of soil fertility problems by this means. In this connection the co-operation of a large number of farmers throughout the Maritime Provinces and Quebec was enlisted to test, under varying conditions of soil and climate, the fertilizing value of dried ground seaweed. Many of the results indicate that this material is one of considerable promise in furnishing available nitrogen and potash. It is satisfactory to note that the large and ever-increasing volume of corre- spondence on the subject of manures and fertilizers has received prompt attention. Numerous samples of soil submitted to the division with these requests have been examined as to their nature and essential characteristics. The results thus obtained have permitted reports as to the most suitable means for the soil's amelioration. The interest in the value of lime and ground limestone for the improvement of soils that are sour or naturally deficient in lime continues to increase and, consequent upon this interest, a considerable number of soils have been examined for farmers as to the lime requirements. A numbe* of limestones occurring in various parts of the Dominion have also been analysed with the view of determining their suitability for the manufacture of ground limestone. In continuation of the investigation to ascertain the suitability of soil and climatic conditions throughout the Dominion for the growth of sugar beets for the production of sugar, varieties have been grown under special culture on the various Farms and Stations of the system, and the product analysed as to sugar-content and purity of juice. The results, as in the past, have been, on the whole, very promising. The work on the influence of environment on the composition of wheat begun in 1JH35, has, through the assistance and co-operation of the Meteorological Service, been expanded and now constitutes a study in agricultural meteorology. The correlation of weather condition with crop growth which this extension of the work makes possible, promises to yield results of very considerable importance to Canadian agriculture. It is gratifying to record that the interest of the farming community in the purity of their home water supply is maintained. There is no more important asset on the farm, looking to the health of the family and the thrift of the stock, than an ample supply of pure water. The results of the analyses of the past year might be taken as indicating more care in the selection of a location for the well and in the means for protecting the supply from pollution. In the examination of soils from the several irrigation tracts in Alberta, fifty-five groups, comprising 225 samples of soil have been analysed as to their water-solublo saline content. The results have been used by the Irrigation Branch of the Depart- ment of the Interior in their re-classification of the areas involved into irrigable and non-irrigable lands. UKI'ORT OF THE MINISTER 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Tin: Division of Field Husbandry. The main subdivisions as relating to the investigations being conducted by the Division of Field Husbandry at the Experimental Farms and Stations throughout the Dominion include: — (a) Studies in the methods of culture and curing of field crops. (6) Investigations of the relative merits of different crop rotations. (c) Determinations of the costs of growing field crops under regular farm conditions. (d) Tests of the influence of size and character of cultural implements on cost of crop production. (e) Comparisons (in a limited way) of varieties of grain and forage crops as food producers. (/) Experiments to show the value of underdrainage and irrigation. At the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, work is hampered, due to the fact that suitable land is not available upon which to conduct the several experiments that should naturally be included. The main object at the present time is to provide supplies of fodder and grain for the upkeep of the live stock on the Farm. At the same time the following projects are under consideration : — (a) Cost of production of field crops. (6) Merits of different crop rotations. (c) Methods of cultivation, including a test of deep ploughing versus shallow ploughing and subsoiling. (d) Merits of commercial fertilizers as a partial substitute for barnyard manure. (e) Value of underdrainage. WEATHER CONDITIONS AND CROP NOTES. The season was most unfavourable for seeding operations. The weather was excessively wet, making work on the land tedious and discouraging. After repeated interruptions, seeding was completed out of season, some areas being sown two and three times to secure a stand. However, growth was rapid, with prospects of a fair harvest. Hay grew luxuriantly, and a bumper crop of good quality resulted. Grain also did well but ripened prematurely, thus giving a low yield of inferior quality. Roots, forage corn, and potatoes were only fair, but favourable harvest weather pre- vailed. Conditions for fall ploughing, which was completed in good season, were also satisfactory. 18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 COST OF PRODUCTION OF FIELD CROPS. The data contained in the accompanying table comprise yields, and costs of pro- duction of corn, oats, and hay grown under field conditions. Cost of Production of Field Crops, Central Farm, 1916. Crops. Area. Yield per acre. Cost to produce. acres. 33 39 39 33 tons. 12 46 119 462 bush. 44 4* per acre. $27 44 16 23 per ton. S2 20 per bush, cents. 28 3 26 4 32 Hay 19 97 CROP ROTATIONS. The most important field of investigation is that with crop rotations. This work has been in progress at the Central Farm for many years, and at present thirteen rotations varying in duration and treatment, are permanently located. These rota- tions are being closely observed and studied, keeping in mind the following factors : — (1) Their ability to supply different crops in the proper proportions for certain needs. (2) Their power to keep weeds in check. (3*) Their comparative profit. (4) Their effect on the fertility of the soil. Five regular farm rotations are under way according to the following outline; — Rotation "A" (five years' duration). — Hoed crop, manured; grain, seeded down with clovers and grass; clover hay, dressed with manure in autumn; timothy hay, field ploughed in August, top worked and ribbed up in October; grain, seeded down with red clover to be ploughed under the following spring when the succeeding hoed crop is corn. Rotation "B" (five years' duration). — Hoed crop, manured; grain, seeded down with clovers and grass seeds, top dressed with manure in autumn ; clover hay, ploughed in autumn; grain seeded down with clovers and grass; clover hay. Rotation " C" (four years' duration). — Hoed crop, manured; grain, seeded down with clover and grass ; clover hay ; timothy hay, field ploughed in August, top worked and ribbed up in October. Rotation " D " (three years' duration). — Hoed crop, manured; grain, seeded down with clovers and grass; clover hay. Soiling Crop, Rotation "R " (three years' duration). — Corn for early fall feed, manured; peas and oats to cut green, seeded down with clovers and grass; clover hay, to cut green. h'i:i'(>irr or Tin: i//.\7nv/:a* 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The accompanying table contains the chief items in connection with these rota- tions:— Cost, Returns and Net Profits of Rotations "A," "B," "0/' "D," and "R," Cost to Value of Profit or Rotation. operate returns loss per acre. per acre. per acre. S cts. S cts. $ cts. A (five years' duration) 17 73 19 32 1 59 17 58 16 75 0 83 17 69 17 16 0 53 D (tlnve years' duration) 20 29 19 64 0 63 R (thiee years' duration) 18 73 24 66 5 93 The results for all crops in the rotations, with the exception of hay, were low, due largely to the very unsatisfactory weather conditions which prevailed during the seed- ing and harvesting season for grain especially. SHALLOW PLOUGHING AND SUBS0ILIXG VERSUS DEEP PLOUGHING. This experiment has been under way for thirteen years. Two four-year rotations differing only in the preparation of sod land for corn or roots, as mentioned above, are used, but the results have not yet shown any decided advantage in favour of either method. COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER AS A PART SUBSTITUTE FOR BARNYARD MANURE. This experiment was designed in 1913 to supply information regarding the rela- tive merits in regular farm rotation of : — (1) No manure or fertilizer of any kind but pastured one year in four. (2) Barnyard manure. (3) Complete commercial fertilizer. (4) Barnyard manure, together with commercial fertilizer. The results are in favour of barnyard manure alone over commercial fertilizer alone for this soil, with the possibility of combining the two advantageously under conditions where manure is scarce or high in price. Division of Animal Husbandry. The Animal Husbandry Division of the Experimental Farms has made a satis- factory expansion in the scope of its work during the past fiscal year. The lines of work which fall to this division are the laying out and the superintending of feeding, breeding, purchasing, management,' and housing of farm animals ; the manufacturing and marketing of their products, together with all experimental and demonstrational work connected therewith on the Central Experimental Farm, and, in consultation 40 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 with the Director of the Experimental Farms and the Superintendents of branch Farms, the supervision of similar work on branch Farms and Stations throughout Canada. LIVE STOCK ON THE CENTRAL FARM. The horses on this Farm are all of draught type excepting the necessary drivers. Among the draught horses are a number of excellently bred Clydesdale mares which are used not only for general farm work but also for breeding purposes. An excellent crop of filly foals was obtained during the past year, and already several mares have again dropped valuable foals this spring. Feeding experiments both with the working horses and breeding stock are being continued on the Central Farm in conjunction with somewhat similar work on the branch Farms. The extremely important work with beef cattle is of necessity still curtailed for lack of sufficient housing accommodation. However, a few choice young steers were finished for baby beef, not only to demonstrate the profits from such work, but also that these animals be used for demonstrational purposes in lectures to the many visitors. The herds of dairy cattle have improved rapidly during the past year. Good representatives may be found of four breeds, viz., Ayrshires, French Canadians, Hol- steins, and Jerseys, as well as a few choice grades of the Ayrshire and Holstein breeds. The milk production per cow has, amongst all breeds, increased largely during the past year. Some splendid records have been made by animals which were entered both in the Record of Performance and Record of Merit, all breeds showing a marked increase in maximum production and maximum profits. Many pure-bred animals from these herds are annually sold for a moderate price to breeders throughout Canada, it being the object in the making of these sales, to place this stock where the greatest amount of good may be done. A large number of experiments in the feeding, breed- ing, and handling of dairy cattle have been conducted during the past year. An increasing number of experiments with equipment, such as milking machines, have been conducted. Special attention also has been paid to the feeding and rearing of young stock, and a large number of calf-feeding experiments have been conducted. Experimental work along the line of dairy manufacturing is continuing to hold a very important place in the work of this division. The manufacturing, curing, and marketing of many dairy products, such as butter, fancy cheeses, cheddar cheese, and the like, has received all attention possible under the existing circumstances. "With the construction of a more capacious dairy, the amount of experimental work will be largely increased. From this division also has been distributed, to thousands of Canadian farmers, a large amount of information regarding dairying, as well as free forms for the keeping of cow records. The sheep on the Central Experimental Farm have again shown a marked improvement both as to numbers, quality, condition, and profits. Only two breeds, viz., Shropshires and Leicesters are represented on this Farm. However, from these flocks a number of excellent breeding animals have been distributed to branch Farms and to sheep breeders throughout Eastern Canada. REPORT OF THE MIX INTER 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Swine raising has again demonstrated itself as one of the best-paying branches in this division. Three breeds are represented in this herd, viz., Yorkshire, Berkshire, and Tamworth. Large numbers of young pure-bred animals have been sold during the past year for breeding purposes. Again a large number of feeding experiments have been conducted both under summer, fall, and winter conditions; these experi- ments dealing with more economical feeding, the choosing of superior foodstuffs, both for raising on the farm and to be purchased on the markets, the saving of labour in the feeding of hogs, and many such economic problems. ASSISTANCE TO BRANCH FARMS. The Dominion Animal Husbandman has visited the branch Farms and Stations throughout Canada and continued to be of assistance to the Superintendent of these Farms. In conjunction with the Superintendents, and under the supervision of the Director of the Experimental Farms, many new lines of live-stock work have been initiated. In addition a large number of sketch plans of buildings proposed for these branch Farms and Stations have been made by this division, which plans have been approved of and completed by the Department of Public Works. By such means of co-operation, building work on the branch Farms has been facilitated and the build- ings constructed are better adapted both for the purpose for which they are intended and as an example to the farmers in those provinces. It may be again recorded that the modern buildings on the Dominion Experimental Farms are being copied, in their essentials at least, by a large number of both the small and extensive live-stock breeders throughout Canada. Such is then a tremendous influence toward more modern, sani- tary, and economical farm structures. t MISCELLANEOUS. The regular correspondence of this division has again increased more than 30 per cent over the previous year. Every possible assistance ha9 been given inquiring farmers along the lines of maintenance of live stock, feeds, feeding, methods of breed- ing and general management for improved health and increased profits. The increase in correspondence again shows the greater confidence which Canadian farmers have in the work of this division. A most gratifying result of the work is the increasing interest of the Canadian farmer in improving of his live-stock buildings. This division has continued to assist Canadian farmers in every way possible toward the planning of new or the remodelling of old farm buildings. Over 550 blue-prints of modern farm structures to suit the individual needs of farmers inquiring, as well as photographs and brief specifications, have been distributed during the past fiscal year. Members of the staff of this division have judged at a large number of agricul- tural fairs, assisted at many agricultural short courses, and have addressed a large number of meetings throughout Eastern Canada during the year ending March 31, 1917. 42 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Division of Horticulture. The season of 1916 was one of the most unfavourable for fruit that has been experienced for many years in Ontario. A very wet spring and early summer was followed by an extremely dry, late summer and early autumn, with the result that dis- ease injured the crop to a marked degree while the weather was wet, and drought injured it when the weather became dry. In the orchards at the Central Experimental Farm, five sprayings were necessary to control the apple scab, and some varieties of apples were sprayed six times. During the month of September apples dropped badly, as the ground had become very dry. Notwithstanding the unfavourable conditions, the largest crop of apples in the history of the Farm was harvested, and other fruits bore medium crops. New Apples. — The many new varieties of apples originated at the Central Experi- mental Farm have attracted much attention. Collections of these were shown at various exhibitions in 1916. Some of the most valuable are seedlings of Mcintosh Red and Northern Spy, there being varieties among them having somewhat the same flavour as these well-known sorts but different in season, thus ensuring a season for apples of the Mcintosh type from summer until winter, and of the Northern Spy type from September until late winter, and being hardier than the Northern Spy. The best of these have been named and are being tested at different points throughout Canada. Some of the Mcintosh seedlings which are of the greatest promise are named Melba, Joyce, Brock, and Pedro; and of Northern Spy seedlings, Thurso, Rocket, Donald, Elmer, and Niobe. As there are too many varieties of apples already on the market it is not desired to recommend these for general planting until they have been thoroughly tested in a number of places. A bulletin entitled " The Apple in Canada — Its Cultivation and Improvement " was prepared by the Dominion Horticulturist and published during the year. The varietal and cultural work with fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants was continued at the Central Farm much as in previous years, although the absence of two assistants on active service was much felt, and the development of certain features of the work was delayed on this account. The breeding of new varieties of fruits, vegetables, and flowers was continued in 1916, and many new crosses and selections made. The Early Malcolm corn and Alacrity tomato, developed in the Horticultural Division, have proved very desirable varieties and were offered for sale by seedsmen in 1916. Especial attention is being given to the breeding of early and productive varieties of vegetables, as it is believed that there is great need for such in Canada. About seven acres of land devoted to experiments with vegetables and straw- berries was equipped with an overhead system of irrigation in 1915, and in 1916 this was in operation. Owing to the excessive rains, however, until nearly midsummer the strawberries and early vegetables were not in need of artificial irrigation, but it was used on the later vegetables with good results. The campaign for the utilization of vacant land in 1916 to grow food crops, and the call to Canadians to increase production everywhere, together with the opening of an information bureau to which any one desiring information might apply, resulted REPORT OF THE MINISTER 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 in greatly increasing the correspondence of the Horticultural Division, as a large pro- portion of those who wrote desired information in regard to the growing of vegetables. To help meet the demands for such information, two pamphlets were prepared by the Dominion Horticulturist, one of four pages and entitled " The Home Vegetable Garden," and another sixteen page one called " Garden Making on Vacant Lots, and The Home Vegetable Garden." These two pamphlets, of which large editions were published, seem to have met the needs of the people very well, and they have been asked for in large numbers, many cities and towns having taken up the utilization of vacant lots a* a civic undertaking. It is believed that the production of vegetables will be greatly increased in 1917. BRANCH FARMS AND STATIONS. The greatest amount of new work in horticulture was done at the two new Experi- mental Stations at Morden, Man., and Summerland, B.C., in 1916. Little planting had been done at the Morden Station in 1915 with the exception of the planting of Caragana hedges, which were to act as windbreaks for the future orchards, but in 1916 an orchard of between nine and ten acres, consisting of apples, crab apples, and plums was sent out. Between the rows of permanent trees were planted some 27,000 apple seedlings of the hardiest known varieties. These trees, in addition to the Cara- ganas, will be windbreaks for the named varieties, and from them it is expected to obtain at least a few good hardy sorts. Plantations of brush fruits were sent out, and experiments in the growing of vegetables and ornamental plants begun. The experimental Station established at Summerland, B.C., in the Okanagan valley, has already made good progress in horticultural work. Orchards of the prin- cipal fruits were set out in the spring of 1916, and the trees made a good start. A carefully planned series of irrigation experiments with fruit trees was laid out, from which valuable information should be obtained. Vegetable experiments and experi- ments with flowers were also carried on in 1916. Already a considerable number of horticulturists have been attracted to this Station which, though established but a short time, has become well known in the valley. The horticultural work on the older branch Farms and Stations was continued much as usual. There is being accumulated at these places a mass of useful inform- ation in regard to horticultural plants and their cultivation and how they succeed in different parts of Canada that is invaluable both to the new and old settlers. These Farms and Stations have also proved bureaus of information to those desiring to grow vegetables during war times to aid the Empire. Cereal Division, the season. The year 1916 proved one of the least favourable years for cereals since the establishment of the Dominion Experimental Farm system. In some parts of Canada excellent crops were produced, but the areas where small or injured harvests were reaped were unusually large. In the east a great area of country suffered from exces- 44 DEPART M F ST OF AORICI l.Tl RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 sive rains in spring which continued well into the month of June, with the result that many fields, which would have been sown with cereals, had to be treated in some other way; and among the fields which were sown many were so wet that the young plants started under very adverse conditions. The long period of wet weather was followed very quickly by intense heat which continued almost up to harvest time, and prevented the grain from filling out properly. Such a season was particularly hard on cereals and the yields were almost invariably small throughout the area in question. In the great grain-growing provinces of Central and Western Canada there were some districts which produced excellent crops, but the total yield of grain in the three provinces was rather low. Rust, frost, and hail all did an unusual amount of damage, though there were some favoured localities which escaped all three. Southern Alberta was perhaps the most fortunate. The worst damage from rust occurred in southern Manitoba and in southeastern Saskatchewan. The damage from this disease became gradually less as one passed from the southeastern towards the northwestern section of the great plains. An altogether exceptional frost, which occurred about the 10th of August, damaged grain on many of the low-lying fields over a very large section of country in the northern part of the settled portion of Alberta and Saskatchewan. While there was perhaps no large area of country which suffered particularly from hail, there was unusual damage from this source in many districts, the number of severe storms being quite abnormal. While it is regrettable that the season of 1916 should have fallen so much below that of 1915, in regard to the yields of cereals, it must be remembered that the previous year was extraordinarily favourable, and any comparisons which are to be made should take into account the average crop for a series of years rather than the wonder- ful crop of 1915. VARIETY TESTS. While the weather at Ottawa was decidedly unfavourable for cereals, and while the tests of varieties were therefore carried out -with unusual difficulty, nevertheless fairly good results were secured and some progress was made along all lines. At most of the branch Farms good crops were obtained, and useful observations were made at all of them, except at one where the crops were entirely destroyed. Among the hundreds of new cross-bred varieties and new selections which are under test, a few of the exceptionally promising sorts are now being propagated for more thorough trial in a greater number of localities. It is expected that in the near future at least one new variety of hulless oats, one new cariety of hulless barley, and one new variety of hard, red early-ripening wheat will be introduced to the public. This work necessarily proceeds very slowly, as it is important to avoid the mistake of prematurely introducing varieties which have not been sufficiently tested. Many new sorts are now, however, approaching the end of what may be termed their proba- tion period, and among these there are several of great promise. REPORT OF THE MINISTER 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 MARQUIS WHEAT. As usual, this extraordinary variety again won the highest international award last season and, in addition, it created what is probably a world's record for the yield of spring wheat on a large field, when a farmer in southern Alberta harvested 54,395 bushels from 1,000 acres of land. Such a magnificent yield would scarcely be credited were it not properly attested by trustworthy persons. FREE DISTRIBUTION OF SEED. In spite of unusual difficulties, a good stock of seed of the best varienes was secured for the distribution, chiefly from the Experimental Farms at Indian Head, Cap Rouge, and Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere. As the farmers have become of late years very critical in regard to the quality of the seed supplied to them, an earnest endeavour is made to send out nothing but the very highest class of grain, and free from all impurities. Many appreciative letters are received from farmers who are delighted with the quality of the grain which they receive. This year it was thought best to print an application form, on which a series of questions was asked, so as to easily obtain from the applicant a clear statement as to the conditions on his farm. The use of this application form so much facilitated the sending in of satisfactory applications, that a much larger number than usual was accepted. While the distribution is not complete at the time of writing this report, the statement may be made that the total number of samples of grain distributed this winter will be over 7,500, and that, in addition to these, about 3,000 samples of pota- toes will also be sent out. This is a considerable increase over the number distributed in the previous year. The grain samples are sent to all parts of Canada, but the samples of potatoes distributed from Ottawa are limited to the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, the other provinces being supplied locally from their own Experimental Farms or Stations. Division of Botany, destructive insects and pest act. The work in connection with the " plant disease " section under this Act is directed by the Dominion Botanist. During the year, special attention has been devoted to the elimination of disases of potatoes, by a system of field inspection during the summer, and by the inspection of the crops resulting, during fall and winter months. The systematic work clearly demonstrates the benefits resulting to farmers from attention to the control of diseases conveyed by planting tubers infected with black-leg, scab, rhizoctonia, etc., and particularly from the elimination of those groups of diseases which are conveyed by the tuber, but which do not show any symptoms on the same, as for instance, leaf roll, curly dwarf, mosaic, etc. The work also includes spraying demonstrations against late blight and rot. PLANT PATHOLOGY. Interesting progress has been made in the investigation of various phases of the white pine blister rust. This rust is destructive to all five-leaved pines, and also affects 4G DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 wild and cultivated currants which act as secondary hosts. This important disease will receive increased attention in the near future, as it is being realized that other- wise serious damage may result to these valuable resources of our forests. Likewise, good progress is being made by the various field laboratories, of which three are now in full working order. The St. Catharines laboratory continues its investigation of fruit-tree diseases, and a publication on the control of peach canker, which has now been satisfactorily worked out, is contemplated in the near future. The officer in charge also devotes considerable time to the problem of white-pine blister rust, which is firmly established throughout the Niagara peninsula. The laboratory at Charlottetown for Prince Edward Island, and temporarily for Nova Scotia, has devoted much time and attention to the improvement of the Bermuda seed potato industry. The Bermuda growers obtain most of their requirements of the potato variety " Garnet Chile " from Nova Scotia, and during recent years it was found that certain strains of this variety from Nova Scotia resulted in serious failures when planted in Bermuda. The work done to prevent such losses to the Bermuda farmers, and most likely the loss of trade in this variety for the Nova Scotia growers, has been very successful and is being highly appreciated in Nova Scotia and Bermuda. Several special publications were issued by the officer in charge, on the control of Late Blight, Black -leg and Mosaic diseases of potatoes. Experiments were also conducted in Nova Scotia with dusting compounds for the control of apple scab, which have so far not been conclusive, though promising. The laboratory for New Brunswick and Quebec has also much progress to report. The organization of the producers of potatoes, aiming at the improvement of the potato industry as far as freedom from disease, purity of variety, and increase in yield is concerned, has found many supporters. Among the experiments may be mentioned, " control of club root," " Experiments on the control of powdery scab of potatoes," besides a general plant disease survey over the two provinces. The Central laboratory finds its time very fully occupied by attention to the numer- ous inquiries received from farmers all over the Dominion. The demand for nitro-cultures for legumes has increased tenfold since last year, and the first returns are now being received, which clearly indicate the advantages of treated seed versus untreated seed. Pure cultures are much more reliable in their results, and far more easily applied. Of the more outstanding features of the work may be mentioned the activity of the divisional officers in connection with the blister rust of pines; various phases of research work were outlined, and experiments were conducted. The department par- ticipated in several conferences, held in Albany, N.Y., and Washington, D.C., being represented at these meetings by a special delegate. During the year the Dominion Botanist investigated the cause and effect of one of the most destructive rust epidemics affecting principally the spring wheat in the western provinces, and the establishment of two new field laboratories for research on rust and grain diseases was authorized. One of these laboratories is situated at Brandon, Man., the other at Indian Dead, Sask. Towards the close of the fiscal year REPORT OF THE MIX I XT Eli 4? SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 the appointment of Mr. W. A. Fraser, M.A., was authorized, to take charge of this special and highly technical work. Mr. Fraser, formerly Assistant Professor o'f Bio- logy at Macdonald College, is regarded as an eminent authority on rust diseases, and his appointment promises results of value to the grain-growing provinces particularly. The Dominion Botanist suggested and had designed by one of his technical assistants — an experienced artist — material for a coloured poster on black or stem rust of wheat, which, together with an authoritative statement, will form a very acceptable and instructive publication. The poster just came to hand at the close of the year, and will be widely distributed throughout the western provinces. ECONOMIC BOTANY. During the past year more than 1,000 species of plants were received for identifi- cation, some of these being weeds, some medicinal, and others poisonous. Considerable progress was made -in connection with the herbarium, 628 mounted sheets having been added to the collection. As in previous years, an exchange list of 429 species of plants was sent out to the leading botanical gardens of the world; 584 packets of seeds were received, and 697 packets were sent out. Some experimental work on flax commenced in the previous year was completed, the flax fibre being pronounced by an expert as the finest he had yet seen in Canada. Several plots of hemp for seed and fibre were grown, the report on the latter from the Doon Twines Company, Limited, being quite favourable. Several varieties of Soy beans ripened their seeds satisfactorily, as also did several plots devoted to the culture of the Castor Oil plant. Both black and white mustard, as the result of experiments carried on. during the year, appear to be well suited to the climate of Canada. Chicory roots, grown here during last season, were reported on by the Dominion Chicory Company as being " excellent in every way." The summer of 1916 was specially favourable for the growth of broom corn, but the report of the Parker Broom Company, on the sample submitted, would indicate that for purposes of manufacture this crop is hardly suitable for the Ottawa district. Several species of medicinal plants, of which the more important were opium poppy, anise, dill, belladonna, etc., were grown with fairly satisfactory results. The use of chemical solutions of iron sulphate and sodium arsenite, as a remedy for noxious weeds, was tested in the case of dandelion on lawns, wild mustard, and Canada thistle, with favourable results. Division of Forage Plants. The scope of the work of the Division of Forage Plants is gradually being extended. New lines are taken up every year as the work progresses, the most important ones this year being production of seed of various forage plants and experiments with grass and clover mixtures for hay and pasture. 48 DEPARTMENT OF IGRICl LTl RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 VARIETY TESTS. t A great number of varieties of field roots, including mangels, swede and fall tur- nips, carrots, and sugar beets, and also of Indian corn were tested as usual. Owing, however, to the very adverse climatic conditions, especially in the spring and early summer, the variety tests with the said crops did not give as good results as they usually do. BREEDING WORK. The breeding work is progressing very satisfactorily. It includes work with alfalfa, red clover, timothy, orchard grass, western rye grass, red top, meadow fescue, Ken- tucky Blue grass, English rye grass, mangels, and swede turnips. In previous reports it has been explained that the breeding work with alfalfa has for its main object the production of hardy, uniform strains of superior-yielding capacity. It is gratifying to be able to report that, this year, several hardy strains which has been developed during the last few years showed almost complete uniformity, when reproduced by seed. The breeding work with red clover is conducted chiefly with a view of producing hardy and, as a consequence, high-yielding varieties, it having been demonstrated through previous experiments that there exists a direct relation between degree of hardiness and yielding capacity in different so-called red clover varieties. Several " strains " have been developed which, according to experiences gained so far, are per- fectly hardy in the Ottawa district. The breeding work with grasses is also progressing satisfactorily. Most advanced is the work with "Western rye and timothy, of which quote a number of uniform varieties are being developed. SEED-GROWING EXPERIMENTS. The experiments with field root seed growing, so successfully started in 1915, were repeated this year and gave results similar to those of last year's, i.e., they indicated, most decidedly, that seed of good qaulity can be raised in the Dominion and that seed raising, if carefully undertaken, is a rather profitable business. In addition to the seed-growing experiments with field roots, some work was started this year with seed raising of alfalfa, red clover, and timothy. The principal object of these experiments, besides furnishing data as to yields and profits, is to ascertain what cultural methods give best results. VALUE OF CANADIAN-GROWN SEED. Iii order to test the veracity of the statements, often made in recent years, that home-grown seed of such crops as mangels, turnips, and carrots is at least as good as imported seed, a great number of experiments were conducted, not only at the various Farms and Stations belonging to the Experimental Farms' system, but also with private farmers, in most cases members of the Canadian Seed Growers' Association. Several varieties of mangels and turnips, seed of which was produced, in 1915, at the REPORT OF TI11J M I X I STKR 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Experimental Station, Charlottetown, P.E.I., Experimental Station, Kentville, N.S., Experimental Station, Fredericton, N.B., Experimental Station, Lennoxville, Que., and the Experimental Farm, Agassiz, B.C., were sown in comparison with ordinary commercial seed of the same varieties. The results were very much in favour of the Canadian-grown seed, as the crops realized from it were, in the vast majority of cases, larger than those obtained from com- mercial seed. MISCELLANEOUS. The herbarium material of grasses and kindred plants was largely added to this year, especially with forms from the foothills of the Rocky mountains, the district around Prince Rupert, B.C., and the Yukon Territory. In this connection it may be stated that arrangements' were made with the Cana- dian Klondike Mining Company, Dawson, Y.T., to conduct a large number of experi- ments of forage plants in the Klondike valley, the chief object being to investigate the hay-growing possibilities in the Yukon Territory. Division of Bees. The outstanding feature of the year 1916 was the unusually large crops of honey from alsike and white clover produced in Ontario, Quebec, and Manitoba, principally due to the wet spring followed by fine warm weather when the plants were in flower. The honey was sold at a fractional advance on the prices obtained the previous year, and was quickly bought up by housekeepers, sugar and canned fruits being high. Bees are nbw being kept on fifteen of the Dominion Experimental Farms. The highest production in 1916 was at Ottawa, where thirty-five colonies produced 8,269 pounds of honey, an average production of 236 pounds, or $30.77 per colony. Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere, Que., came second, producing 132 pounds per colony, and Inver- mere, B.C., third, with 118 pounds per colony. During the summer of 1916 the apiarist visited each of the Farms at which bees are kept, and made detours into promising regions for honey production, visiting apiaries and investigating in detail the species of plants from which the honey is gathered, and the weather conditions favourable for abundant production. The con- clusion was reached that honey crops that will compare favourably in size and quality witli those to be obtained in the best regions in North America may be secured in selected places in the Ottawa River basin, especially in some of its northern valleys, where alsike and white clover, fireweed, and certain species of golden rod and aster form successive sources of honey. For the fuller investigation of this region, co-opera- tive experiments with experienced beekeepers having apiaries situated at Montcerf, Que., Lytton, Que., and Thornloe, Ont., were carried out in 1916. Colonies of bees were also taken from Ottawa to representative locations at Sully, Que., and Kazu- bazua, Que., for the summer. Other promising regions visited by the apiarist were the districts south and southeast of lake Winnipeg, certain rich farming and swamp lands in the Maritime Provinces, and the alfalfa districts of southern Alberta. Two days spent at Melfort, 15—4 50 DEPARTMENT OF AGKICi'LTl h'E 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Sask., indicate that beekeeping is worthy of attention as a side line in this district. An extension of the system of co-operative experiments to these and other districts has been organized. Further study of the wild bees believed to be instrumental in pollinating alfalfa was made by the apiarist in southern Alberta. Wintering bees outside, four hives packed in shavings in a case, in an inclosure sheltered from wind, without attention during the winter, continues to prove success- ful in Ottawa, the average results of the last four years showing that the bees so wintered did better than those wintered in the cellar. An experiment in importing bees without combs by express from the south in spring was made at Ottawa and showed good promise. Containers for granulated honey made of white bond paper waterproofed with paraffin wax have been tried as an alternative for tin cans, the cost of which has greatly increased. The large earnings of beekeepers in East-Central Canada in 1916 has stimulated an increased interest in bees, and there has been a heavy demand for our new bulletin " Bees and How to Keep Them," published duing the year, especially the French edition. The continued high rate of increase in the correspondence of the division, and calls to the apiarist, to which he responded, to contribute papers to the annual con- vention of the Ontario Beekeepers' Association at Toronto, the Quebec Beekeepers' Association at Montreal, the Beekeepers' Association of British Columbia at Van- couver, and the Manitoba Beekeepers' Association, the first three of which he attended in person, as well as from several smaller organizations and the press, serve to indi- cate the growing service that the Bee Division has been called upon and has been enabled to give. Poultry Division*. As usual the work in the Poultry Department includes experiments along all lines that are of interest to the poultry producer. This year special attention has been given to experiments on the cost of feeds, cost of production, incubation, brooding, diseases, etc. Experiments along these lines have been conducted at the Central plant and also to a limited extent at the various branch Farms. ALTERATIONS TO CENTRAL PLANT. During the year the Central plant has been rearranged to make it more convenient for the visitors to be able to see the plant and stock without the danger of having the experiments interfered with. A new entrance has been made to the front of the plant connected with a driveway which runs lengthwise of the plant parallel with Maple avenue. The turkey plant has been refenced and two subways placed beneath the sidewalk. These subways connect the original plant with a portion of the forest belt that borders the Farm. REPORT OF THE MINISTER 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 In order to assist in the turkey experiments, a small, rough farm of thirty acres was rented, upon which the range turkeys were reared. The young turkeys were placed on this farm when hatched, and remained there until fall. HOUSES. A hot-water pipe brooder house has been erected and is in use for the early spring chicks. This house was much needed for the early hatches and, so far, is proving quite satisfactory. Unfortunately the water-fowl house on the duck plant was burned in the fall, which necessitated the transferring of the ducks and geese to the upper plant for the winter. The work at those branch Farms upon which poultry is kept has been made more efficient by the completion of most of the buildings and equipment, and the installing of a fuller stock of birds. Owing to enlistment and the demand for men in commercial lines it has been difficult to retain some of the poultry men, and it was necessary to make shifts sometimes when most inconvenient. DISEASES. Through the courtesy of Dr. Torrence, Veterinary Director General, Dr. A. B. Wickware, Assistant Biologist, has been assigned to poultry work. This makes it possible to carry on investigation in poultry diseases that up to this time was not possible. Considerable work along poultry disease investigation is being conducted, and we are looking for good results in this department. EXTENSION. Even more than usual has the demand this year for poultry lectures, judges, etc. With the exception of Mr. Fortier, it has not been possible for the members of the staff to accede to this demand. Mr. Fortier, however, has had much of his time occupied in this way, and owing to lack of time many of the requests for lectures, etc., have had to be refused. The survey work, started over a year ago, has apparently been very much appre- ciated, and has been the means of improving poultry conditions in the sections where the work has been conducted. During the year a second block of farmers in the province of Quebec has been selected. This block is in the vicinity of Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere Experimental Station. Similar work to that which is carried on at Cap Rouge is being conducted there. Through the Illustration Station Division, eggs have been distributed to the farmers operating these farms. The Experimental Farms or Stations in the three provinces, where this illustration work is being conducted, supplied to each of the Farms two settings of Barred Rock or White Wyandotte eggs. From these eggs very satisfactory reports have been received. During the winter and spring there has been an increased demand for poultry information, through correspondence and through visitors. The high price of living, 15-4* 52 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 coupled with the encouragement the Government is giving, seems to have stimulated more persons than usual to take up poultry-keeping. The inquiries come from those who live in towns and cities, as well as from farmers and specialists. Tobacco Division. The season of 1916 was no more favourable to tobacco growing than to most other crops. Speaking generally, the summer was too cool, and the rainfall was excessive. At Ottawa the tobacco suffered from sharp alternations between heavy rainfall and drought. The latter, especially, prevented the full development of the tobacco plants. In the province of Quebec the proportion of wrapper tobacco was considerably reduced by the poor development of the leaves on most plantations. The only areas spared were some hilly sections, having light, easily-drained soil, and which, in a normal season, give a yield below the average. In Ontario the situation was slightly better, and, despite the unfavourable season, the yield was not too greatly below the normal. The shortage in the tobacco crop generally throughout Canada led to a marked rise in prices. Ontario White Burleys at from 12 to 15 cents per pound. In Quebec the demand for the varieties grown there was very active, from 16 to 17 cents per pound being paid for a first-class product. The short crop of wrapper and binder tobacco in the United States raised the price of these grades in Canada materially. Canadian-grown wrapper tobacco sold at 40 cents a pound and binder tobacco at from 30 to 35 cents. The fact that such high prices were paid for the Canadian products would seem to indicate that the quality of the leaf was found satisfactory by the cigar manufac- turer. The growing of the yellow, hot-air cured tobaccos of the Virginia type, continues to increase rapidly in Ontario. The crop of 1916, about 500 tons, was the greatest yet produced. The inspection work, as yet confined to Ontario, is already producing results. About one thousand farmers were visited, their tobacco crops examined, and tobacco growing problems discussed. In the preparation of tobacco for the market the study of the fermentation of Canadian tobacco, with a view to its utilization in cigar manufacture, has been con- tinued. It has already been shown in a general way that certain varieties are suit- able for this purpose, and it has been also shown that the strength of such tobaccos •may be reduced by successive fermentations. However, much work yet remains in order to determine the best method to obtain a mild, fragrant tobacco, without excess of free ammonia, and suitable for the manufacture of cigars. From the Harrow Tobacco Station a distribution of White Burley seed was made, and from that at St. Cesaire, Que., a distribution of Comstack Spanish. In all, over 8,000 samples were sent out. Inquiries from tobacco growers become more numerous each year. In addition to this correspondence, a number of articles on tobacco growing in Canada were pre- pared by this division, and appeared in the agricultural press and trade journals. REPORT OF Till: MIMSTEB 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Division of Economic Fibre Production. During the past year a new division has been organized in connection with the Experimental Farms Branch, called the Division of Economic Fibre Production. The object of this division is to carry on experimental work with fibre plants and to investigate fibre production and manipulation in Canada. Investigational work is being carried on more especially with reference to flax and flax fibre. A complete experimental flax mill has been erected on the Central Farm at Ottawa. The mill is being equipped largely with the machinery at present in use in flax in ills, but provision is being made for the installation of new machinery in order to deter- mine the efficiency and economy of some of the newer inventions. The mill is pro- vided with three tanks for water-retting experiments. It is also provided with drying chambers in order to determine whether the costly system of field drying can be dis- pensed with. In addition to mill experiments, field experimental work with both flax and hemp is being conducted. These experiments are being carried on with a view to deter- mining what areas in Canada are suitable to fibre production; what varieties and strains of seed are best suited to different localities; the proper amount of seed to sow per acre; the right stage to sow and harvest fibre crops; the extent to which flax reduces the fertility of the soil; and what fertilizers can be economically used with fibre plants. During the past season experimental plots of flax, consisting of one acre each, were grown in various parts of Canada. While no conclusions can be drawn until fibre tests are made, it would seem that excellent fibre flax can be produced in many different sections of Canada. The Maritime Provinces, Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia would seem to have special possibilities along this line. Investigational work is being carried on as to the possibility of utilizing western seed flax straw for such commercial purposes as upholstering tow, fibre board and paper manufacture. Up to the present most of the work of this division has been along the lines of preliminary investigation, but it is hoped some concrete results will be available for publication another year. Division of Illustrative Stations. This being the second season during which the Illustration Stations have been in operation in the province of Alberta and Saskatchewan, results of the work carried on are now noticeable, particularly with the production of good seed. The department undertakes, for the first year, to supply farmers operating the Stations, with the best seed procurable. The varieties of seed chosen are selected and tested varieties grown on the Dominion Experimental Farms and proven most suitable to the climate and soil in which the Illustration Stations are located. In 1915, choice seed wheat was sown on the Illustration Stations, each having 17£ acres, which gave an average of 39$ bushels per acre. Each farmer also had 5 acres of Banner oats, which gave an average yield of 73 bushels per acre. 04 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 The farmers operating the Stations were allowed to reserve a certain quantity lor their own seeding, the balance of the good seed being sold to farmers of the neigh- bourhood, at reasonable prices. In most districts farmers took advantage of this oppor- tunity to secure well-graded seed. This year the advantage of good, well-graded seed is shown in several instances. The good seed, being nearly all of one variety, ripened earlier and gave a larger yield per acre than the poorly graded seed. Although the ripening season was late, in several instances the Marquis wheat grown on the Illus- tration fields and the crops grown from seed secured from the Illustration Stations were either ripe or far enough advanced to escape much injury from the early frosts. So noticeable has this been that farmers, when passing, made inquiries as to the variety of the grain growing, and in many instances gave orders for the seed. FORAGE CROPS. One of the special features of the work of the Illustration Stations is the intro- duction of good forage crops. Now that the prairie is being rapidly broken, and more live stock being pastured, farmers are finding it more difficult to secure sufficient prairie hay to carry them over winter, especially those going more into live-stock farming. Two years ago this division made provision for two acres to be sown with western rye grass on each of the Illustration Stations. This season's crop in every instance has been very satisfactory. Reports to hand give yields of from two to three tons of dried fodder, and as high as 760 pounds per acre of pure clean seed was harvested, which seed was sold to the farmers in the immediate district. The rye grass from which the seed was threshed was well cured and made good feed for live stock during the winter. During the past season many special inquiries have been made as to where the seed for this forage crop could be purchased, how much seed should be sown per acre, and many other questions. Alfalfa sown in 1915 has this year yielded heavy crops of excellent fodder, several stations recording as high as two and two and a half tons per acre. Next season it is the intention to save seed from as many fields as possible. The alfalfa fields seeded in 1916 made a strong growth and a good stand was left as a cover to the roots over winter. GARDENS. No farm home is complete without a vegetable, fruit, and flower garden, and it is a pleasure to state that several stations had good gardens in 1916, although many others had none whatever. The Dominion Horticulturist arranged and sent a suitable collection of seed to each Illustration Station. Several kinds of seed, which had been generated and their suitability tested on the Central Experimental Farm, were sent along with instruc- tions and record sheets so that notes might be taken as to their suitability to the different sections of the Dominion. One pleasing feature about the gardens is the interest taken in them by the women and children, as in many cases they do all the work, and find it both instructive and profitable. REP0R1 OF THE MINISTER 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 POTATOES. Potatoes are used in every home in Canada, and little thought is given to varie- ties having good cooking qualities. In 1916 the Experimental Farms supplied each operator of the Illustration Stations with two bags of the leading variety which had given good yields for a number of years, had good cooking qualities, shallow eyes and good shape, the object being to grow large quantities of good seed and also to have large quantities of one variety or at least one type of potatoes for sale. Farmers have suffered in having to accept lower prices because it was so difficult for a potato buyer to go into a country point and make up a full car of potatoes of an even grade in colour, size or in quality. Each farmer would offer a different variety which would mean a different colour and different qualities. The potato crop in the province of Quebec varied. In the eastern section, pota- toes were a big average crop, while in central Quebec the crop was extremely light. Potatoes in Saskatchewan and Alberta were fairly good, yielding from 150 to 300 bushels per acre. POULTRY. While the chief object of the Illustration Stations is soil cultivation and crop production, other departments of the farm receive more or less attention from the instructors. One of the departments, in which all farms are interested and upon which con- siderable information is asked, is poultry. The flocks, as a rule, are not what they might be, in most cases being a mongrel lot, without suitable care and housing. After consultation with the Poultry Division at Ottawa it was decided to send from the branch Experimental Farms in the respective provinces, two settings of eggs to each of the Illustration Stations. Therefore, in the spring of 1916, two settings were supplied the operators of the Illustration Stations. Arrangements are made with the operators of the Illustration Stations to sell, at reasonable prices, settings of eggs or spare cockerels to persons wishing to purchase for breeding purposes. The results from the first year's effort in this department are very encouraging. On some farms there have been this winter, a small bunch of pullets that will be used for breeding this spring. In several cases good cockerels were sold to neighbours, one operator of an Illustration Station in Saskatchewan supplying eight good breeding cockerels to his neighbours. VISITS. During the season, each Illustration Station was visited at least once each month by the inspector having charge of the work in each province, or by the supervisor. The object of these visits is to instruct the operators as to the best methods of cultivation and crop rotations, and also to give advice on general farm work. The inspector for the province of Alberta, Mr. J. F. Irwin, made a total of one hundred and one visits, while the supervisor made one visit to each of the fifteen stations in that province. 56 DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICl LTl BE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 The inspector for the province of Saskatchewan, Mr. E. C. Sackville, made seventy- five visits, while the supervisor made twenty visits to the fourteen Stations in the province. The inspector for the province of Quebec, Mr. J. E. Montreuil, made eighty-two visits, and the supervisor twenty-eight to the ten stations. MEETINGS. During the year, eleven meetings were held in Alberta, five in Saskatchewan, and twenty in Quebec by the supervisor and the inspectors, assisted by the Director of Experimental Farms and other speakers from the Department of Agriculture. The operators of the Stations gave their experiences and results with the work, which greatly interested the farmers of the district. A special feature has been introduced, that of holding meetings on the farms on which the illustration work is being conducted. In this way farmers derive a great deal of benefit from seeing the crops grow and having the kind of crop and method of cultivation explained on the field. Division of Extension and Publicity. The work of this division has materially expended during the year. An Experi- mental Farms exhibit was staged, under its supervision, at 166 places throughout the Dominion. Had it not been for the clashing of dates in the case of some of the smaller fairs, and the fact that at some points the fair buildings had been taken over for military purposes, the number would have been considerably greater. For distribution at these fairs, a number of additional exhibition circulars were brought out, there being now almost a hundred circulars in the series. Xumbers 5, 6, and 7 of " Seasonable Hints" were issued. The efforts to increase the departmental mailing lists were continued, by means of taking names at exhibitions, by extending an invitation to join the list in each issue of " Seasonable Hints,'"' and bjr mailing return cards to farmers. In these various ways, the division has increased the mailing lists by 42,450 names during the year. The multigraphs operated in this division, in addition to handling a large amount of form work for the various divisions and branch Farms, have rendered possible the issuing to the agricultural press of a number of timely articles on a variety of farming topics. These have met with a very favourable reception, and it is planned to con- tinue them during the coming year. Experimental Station, Charlottetowx, P.E.I. Spring work started about a week earlier than for a number of years, and all cereals were sown by the end of May. Ample rainfall and good growing weather brought crops on rapidly. Hay and clover gave excellent crops, while the yields of cereals were higher than the average, although wheat suffered a little from blight and insects. Potatoes and corn gave full crops. Fall pastures remained good, and live stock went into the stable for winter in good condition. REPORT OF THE MINISTER 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Experimental steer feeding was carried on during the winter, and good prices were realized for the finished animals. No building operations of any importance were carried on at this Station during the year. Experimental Station, Kentville, N.S. Spring opened with fairly moderate weather, and by the end of May seeding operations were well advanced. Moderate rains in June resulted in a splendid growth of all farm crops, but was not so satisfactory for fruit. Hay gave a much better crop than the previous year, but owing to dark weather in July, its cuing was considerably delayed. Dry weather in August caused the roots and potatoes to suffer greatly, but corn was unusually good. The grain crop, on the whole, was a good one, and the apple crop was of good quality. Experimental work in steer feeding was carried on during the winter. No buildings were erected during the season at this Station. Experimental Farm, Nappan, N.S. Farming operations commenced about two weeks earlier than usual, and prac- tically all grain was sown before the end of May. Cold and wet weather during June, however, retarded growth. Good weather in August enabled the hay crop to be cured and stored satisfactorily. Grain and root crops were good, while corn gave excep- tionally good returns. The apple crop was light. Some 35 acres were chopped, cleared, and stumped by the interned prisoners during the season. A number of steers were purchased for experimental feeding in November, and a new steer-feeding shed was built. Various repairs were made to the older buildings on the Farm. Experimental Station, Fredericton, N.B. The spring was very dry, and farming operations began well, but heavy rains in June delayed seeding considerably. Heavy floods injured the crops on the low-lying land, but on the higher land the yield of hay was very heavy. The weather during July and August was most favourable for crop growth. The grain crop was good, but potatoes only yielded about 75 per cent of the average crop. Corn and roots also yielded well. The pumping station, destroyed by fire in 1914, was rebuilt. Three colony houses for poultry were also built, and various repairs to old buildings carried out. A plant pathological laboratory in connection with the Division of Botany was erected. Experimental Station, Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere, Que. Spring opened much earlier than usual, and seeding operations were started in good time, but were considerably hindered by rainy weather in early June. A severe drought was experienced in July and August, and this lowered the yields of all grains, potatoes, and hay. Good crops of roots were obtained. A large amount of drainage work was carried on during the season. Several buildings, commenced last year, were completed, and a new permanent poultry house was erected. 58 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Experimental Station, Cap Rouge, Que. Although unfavourable weather caused some delay in seeding operations in the district, this work was completed at the Station at about the usual time. Hay gave good crops, while cereals and roots were about the average. A number of buildings on the Station were repaired during the season, but no new buildings of any importance were erected. An additional area of some eight acres, lying at the northeast corner of the Station, was purchased and added to the Station area. A great deal of work with live stock was carried on during the season. Experimental Station, Lennoxville, Que. Heavy rainfall during May held back seeding operations somewhat, especially on the low-lying land, and continued rain made haying very late, but this crop turned out very well, and was saved in good condition. The yield of grain was light, but corn produced a good crop. Potatoes gave only a light yield. A new dairy barn was built during the season, and a dairy herd installed. Live stock work with sheep and steers for feeding experiments was also carried on. A large amount of drainage work was accomplished. Experimental Station, Spirit Lake, Que. Preparatory work was carried on at this new Station under a foreman-manager. The interned prisoners formerly kept at Spirit Lake were removed, and the Station is now entirely under the charge of this department. Horses, implements, and other equipment have been purchased and installed, and a considerable amount of clearing and drainage work carried on. A fairly large area has now been cleared, and will be ready for cropping in 1917. Experimental Station, Kapuskasing, Ont. A certain amount of clearing work has been carried on at this Station under the supervision of a foreman-manager, in preparation for cultivation and cropping this year. A new barn, office building, and house for the stableman have been erected, as well as a water tank and power. A pump has been installed and a water system laid to maintain the water supply. Most of the lumber for the new buildings was cut, sawn and prepared on the Station. Experimental Station, Morden, Man. Further work with field crops and live stock has been carried on at Morden during the past season, and further work in the organizatikon of the Station has been con- tinued. Work in horticulture has also been commenced. A new office building has been erected. Experimental Farm, Brandon, Man. Cold weather in the spring delayed seeding operations somewhat, but better weather during June and July gave promise that a normal crop would be obtained. However, REPORT OF THE MINISTER SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 an attack of black rust, first noticed at the end of July, practically destroyed the wheat crop, and late oats and barley were also affected slightly ; consequently, the cereal crop was much below average. A heavy yield of hay was harvested, and corn did well. The main barn was remodelled during the season, but a disastrous fire occurred in December, which destroyed all the barns, together with feed, machinery, and other equipment. All the live stock, however, were saved. A temporary roof was put over the basement of the main barn, in order to house the live stock during the winter. A plant pathological laboratory, in connection with the Division of Botany, was erected in the fall. Experimental work in feeding steers has been carried on, all the animals showing good gains. Experimental Earm, Indian Head Sask. Seeding operations were delayed considerably by a cold spring, but more favour- able weather in June and July caused the crops to make good growth. A large yield of hay was obtained. Some damage to root crops and corn was done by cutworms, and warm, damp weather in August caused rust to make its appearance, destroying a con- siderable amount of the wheat and late-sown oat and barley crops. Potatoes, fodder corn, and roots gave good yields. A poultry administration building was erected, and also a plant pathological laboratory to facilitate work in the study of plant diseases. Experimental work with steer feeding was carried on, and the finished animals were sold at an excellent profit. Experimental Station, Rosthern, Sask. A late 9pring delayed seeding at this Station, so that much of the crop was not put in until the middle of June. Dry weather in June caused the hay crop to be much smaller than usual. The grain crop promised well, but was totally destroyed by a severe hail-storm in August. The vegetable and flower gardens were also destroyed. A new sheep barn was erected during the season at this Station. Live stock work in the experimental feeding of steers was carried on during the winter. Experimental Station, Scott, Sask. Owing to cold weather in April, seeding was not started until later than usual, while rainy weather in May delayed operations still further. Warm weather in June and July brought on the cereal and hay crops rapidly, the hay yielding well. Although several hail-storms did some damage in the district, the crops at the Station did not suffer in this regard. Potatoes gave a good crop. A new sheep barn and steer-feeding sheds were built. A herd of steers for experimental feeding was purchased in the fall. Experimental Station, Lethbridge, Alta. The season at Lethbridge was normal. The hay crop was a little below the aver- age. Slight hail-storms early in the season damaged the apple blossom, but did no GO DEPABTMEXT OF AC.RKTLTI'IIE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 damage to the other crops. Some rust was noticed in the district, but no damage was done at the Station. The grain crops in general were good, and potatoes and roots also gave good yields. Steers and lambs were purchased in the fall for feeding experiments. No building operations were carried on this year. Experimental Station, Lacombe, Alta. Favourable weather in April allowed most of the grain to be seeded by the end of the month. A cold spell in May retarded growth a little, but prospects for an aver- age crop were good. Unfavourable weather interfered somewhat with haymaking, and wet weather at harvest-time held back the gathering of the grain crops considerably. A killing frost in August did considerable damage to crops in some sections, and, although the yields were as high as usual, the grading was lower. Work with live stock, including steer-feeding, was carried on during the season. Experimental Station, Summerlaxd, B.C. Preparatory work was continued at this Station. Some field crops were grown, and work in horticulture continued. Irrigation work was carried out, and a further quantity of fluming put up in this connection. Experimental work in steer-feeding was carried on during the winter. No permanent buildings have as yet been erected at this Station. Experimental Station, Invermere, B.C. Exceptionally cold weather at the beginning of the growing season retarded growth considerably, but more favourable weather in July caused the crops to make good progress. Some damage to root and vegetable crops was caused by cut-worms. The alfalfa and clover crops were very good, while the grain yield and fruit crop were about average. Some work in road-making was carried on during the season, but no new buildings were put up. Experimental Farm, Agassiz, B.C. Cold, wet weather in the early spring delayed seeding considerably, but the weather later in the season being more favourable, the crops made good progress. The hay crop was very good, and the cereal crops were about the average, good weather during August and September allowed harvesting operations to be carried out satisfactorily. A great deal of work with live stock, including beef and dairy cattle, sheep and swine was carried on during the season, most of the animals giving good returns. No building operations of any importance were carried on during the year. Experimental Station, Sidney, B.C. Field crops of cereals and forage plants were grown and variety tests of fruits and vegetables made. Corn for ensilage and alfalfa gave good crops, but root crops h'i:roirr or nir mixistku 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 were lighter than usual. The hay crop was good, and grain .gave larger yields than expected. Pastures were a little short and dry, making it necessary to feed green corn. The quality of the orchard fruits was excellent and the yield a good one. Some work in fencing, drainage, and laying out areas for various lines of work on the Station was carried out, and a shed for steer-feeding work and two poultry houses were erected during the season. Substations. Experimental work was continued at Forts Smith, Resolution, and Providence, in the Northwest Territories, Fort Vermilion, Grouard, and Beaverlodge, in northern Alberta, Salmon Arm in British Columbia, and Minto Bridge in the Yukon Territory. Reports received from these points, together with samples of grain grown, proved of great value in obtaining information as to the agricultural possibilities at these far-distant points. HEALTH OF ANIMALS BRANCH. The Contagious Diseases Division of this branch is maintained for the purpose of preventing the introduction of the contagious animal diseases from outside sources, for the control and eradication of these diseases in the country, as well as the conduct of experimental and research work to determine certain facts, and to obtain definite knowledge to enable the department to deal intelligently with the many problems continually confronting it. Although two pathologists and nineteen other officers of this division are on active service in Europe, there has been, during the past year, no cessation of activity in the various lines of work conducted in this division. While this has necessitated the making of many changes, the efforts to protect the live stock of the country from disease have been faithfully continued, not only in guarding against its introduction from abroad, but by preventing the spread of infection already existing among Cana- dian herds and flocks. The nature of the duties performed by the officers of this branch is very frequently such as to provoke adverse criticism from those members of the general stock-owning and especially stock-dealing public, who, from want of thought or of experience regard- ing the disastrous effects of uncontrolled animal plagues, are inclined to look upon veterinary inspection with an unfriendly eye. It is therefore a source of gratification to find that the efforts of my officers in this direction are becoming more appreciated and understood, and that the work of controlling contagious diseases by the necessary compulsory methods is now being accepted by the stockmen as national and wise. The statistics for the year 1916-17, which will be found in the special report of the Veterinary Director-General, indicate that the policies of my department are sound and practical, and ecective in controlling contagious diseases of animals. GLANDERS. The very dangerous and highly infectious disease of horses, mules, and asses, known as glanders, has been practically eradicated from the greater portion of the 62 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Dominion. During the last few years the most serious outbreaks have occurred in limited areas in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. The success which has followed the slaughter of all the horses reacting to mallein, and the payment of compensation therefor, would indicate that it will also be possible to clear up the infected centres in the provinces in which it now exists. There is no doubt, however, that the department will be confronted in the future with new out- breaks throughout this country, as even the most careful measures will not absolutely prevent the importation of infection through some unobserved source. There were approximately 224 horses destroyed for this disease during the past year, for which $21,928 will be paid in compensation, this being a slight reduction over the amount paid in compensation last year. The mallein which is used by the inspectors of this branch for diagnostic pur- poses is all manufactured at the Biological Laboratory here, and during the past year over 14,000 doses were distributed to our officers. The same policy has been enforced in dealing with this disease since 1905, and consists in quarantining suspected animals until they have been shown to be free from the disease by the mallein test. All reacting horses are destroyed and, after the lapse of a suitable period, the contact horses are again tested, and if no reactions are obtained the quarantine restrictions are promptly removed. The same precautionary measures are taken with regard to the importation of horses from other countries. Those coming from the United States, if not accom- panied by a satisfactory mallein test chart, signed or endorsed by an officer of the Bureau of Animal Industry, are held at the boundary port and tested there by one of my officers. Those arriving from Great Britain must be accompanied by a certificate signed by an officer of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, stating that no con- tagious disease of horses has existed in the district from which the horses came. Horses accompanied by these certificates are not tested but are allowed entry after a careful inspection is made. This procedure has been found to be quite satisfactory, owing to the fact that these importations are almost entirely limited to valuable pure- bred stock, in which the disease is seldom seen. DOURENE. Excellent progress has been made in controlling this disease, which is largely due to the serum method of diagonsis. Very great difficulty was experienced for many years in dealing with this insidious malady, owing to the impossibility of recognizing it until the infection had been widely spread. Affected animals do not always manifest symptoms, but they are just as capable of transmitting the disease. It was therefore necessary, before the serum method was discovered to keep animals under restriction for very long periods, during which breeding was not permitted. This entailed serious financial losses to the horse owners, especially so as this disease was first discovered on the range in one of the best horse-raising districts in Alberta. Owing to the seriousness of the situation, the department decided to secure land for experimental purposes in the infected area, on which was established a research REPORT OF THE MINISTER 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 laboratory. Dr. Watson, whose experience at the Biological Laboratory, Ottawa, specially fitted him for this work, was placed in charge, and after several years was able to perfect a method of serum diagonsis, which has proved to be of the very greatest benefit, as by this means the disease can be diagnosed in affected animals, although they may show no symptoms and appear in perfect health. There have been approxi- mately 5,000 blood tests made, with only forty-eight positive results. The diseased animals have been slaughtered, and $3,900 will be paid in compensation. With the exception of one case, all of these animals were found in the old infected districts in the province of Alberta. The disease has therefore been practically eradicated in Saskatchewan, where a few years ago it gave considerable concern. There- is now every reason to believe that the officers of this branch will be able to eradicate this disease in this country in the very near future. MANGE IN CATTLE AND HORSES. Mange in cattle and horses has been found to a more limited extent than in previous years. This disease has never been prevalent in horses in this country, and any outbreaks that have occurred among these animals have been quickly controlled. In cattle, however, it has given the department anxiety for many years, as it has existed on the open range in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. The disease was so widely spread that it was necessary, before I assumed charge of this department, to enforce general compulsory dipping operations over an extended territory. Sufficient progress was, however, made to change this very troublesome and unpopular procedure to one of individual quaranting of affected and contract herds. The stockmen readily co-operated in the enforcement of these regulations, as they did not affect those whose herds were free from mange, and which had no history cf having been m contact with infection. As, however, the infection is still on the open range, it is even now necessary to restrict the movement of any cattle from a defined area in these two provinces, as otherwise the most careful measures could not prevent the extension of the infected area. Under the Special Mange Order, cattle cannot be moved out of this area unless they are accompanied by a veterinary inspector's certificate. Each shipment must be inspected by the veterinary inspector, and if the cattle are for any other purpose than immediate slaughter they must first be dipped twice under his supervision. Good progress has been made, and approximately one hundred townships were removed from the requirements of this order during the past year. Systematic measures are followed in dealing with this disease and in making careful inspections of all cattle in the mange area. A number of range riders are employed to ride the range and to report their findings to a veterinary inspector, who is given charge of a certain portion of the area. In this way it is possible for my officers to keep in close touch with the existing conditions throughout the centre terri- tory covered by the order. There were 1,450 animals found actually affected with this disease during the past year, and while the decrease in the number of active cases over the previous year is small, the infected area is yearly becoming more limited, and will enable the officers of this branch to concentrate their efforts with better results. G4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 SHEEP SCAB. Sheep scab has not been dealt with during the past year in any part of Canada, with the exception of Manitoba. In this province it still exists to a slight extent, fifty-four (54) cases having been detected in an infected district. A thorough inspection has been made of all suspected flocks, and all diseased and contact sheep are being systematically dipped. All possible measures are being taken to eradicate this outbreak at the earliest possible date. In view of the importance of keeping our flocks free from this disease, special measures are enforced for the protection of Canadian sheep from the introduction of infection from outside. Sheep from the United States imported for any other purpose than immediate slaughter must either be accompanied by a satisfactory dipping certifi- cate, signed by a Bureau officer, or be held at the boundary for thirty days, during which period any action which may be considered desirable can be taken with regard to them. ANTHRAX. This disease is fortunately not at all prevalent in this country, and in the last five years it has only been detected in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, where it has caused thirty-seven fatalities. In view, however, of the many opportunities of introducing infection in fodders, grains, and hides, as well as in other indirect ways, from foreign countries, in which the disease is prevalent, it is fortunate that there has not been a larger number of cases. My department supplies anthrax vaccine for immunizing purposes at cost. This is manufactured at the Biological Laboratory in Ottawa, and is forwarded to veter- inary practitioners only after the premises on which the disease has been found have been quarantined and a veterinary inspector has supervised the proper disposal of the carcasses of animals dying from this disease, as well as all contact matter. It is not considered wise to allow the veterinary inspectors to immunize the con- tact animals, and the owners must, therefore, give the department the name of the veterinarian whom they decide to employ to do this work, before the vaccine is for- warded. RABIES. There were approximately only nine animals found affected with this disease during the past fiscal period. It is very fortunate indeed that this troublesome malady, which is transmitted by the bites of rapid animals, chiefly the dog, and which is most important from a public health standpoint, has only been detected in a few areas in Ontario. While the fullest investigation did not result in determining the exact origin of the infection, the information obtained would indicate that the disease was introduced from New York state. In view of the limited number of cases detected in this country during the past year, it has not been necessary to enforce a muzzling order, as the individual cases were dealt with by ordinary quarantine measures. RKi'oirr or ru i: \n\ ISTER 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 TUBERCULOSIS. The suppression of bovine tuberculosis by reasonable practical measures has received very careful consideration for many years, but, with the exception of the Tuberculosis Order for dairy cattle, I have not so far been able to justify the chang- ing of the old policy of the department. Tuberculin is still manufactured at the Biological Laboratory in Ottawa and supplied upon the request of cattle owners to veterinarians, provided the owners agree to have all reacting cattle promptly earmarked. The veterinarian must report the result of the test on charts specially prepared for this purpose. The department also assumes charge of herds for the eradication of this disease, and makes systematic tests free of charge. All reacting animals are earmarked, after which the owner can dispose of them under official supervision in any way he may see fit. Before the department takes action in these cases the owner must give his assurance that he will follow the advice of the inspectors of the department. The inspectors also test pure-bred cattle for shipment to the United States, as well as those consigned to points in the province of British Columbia. The Tuberculosis Order, which was passed in 1914, and which provides for depart- mental assistance to municipalities which decide to provide milk for their citizens from tuberculin-tested healthy cattle, has been satisfactorily enforced in Saskatoon. Unfortunately, however, other municipalities have not seen fit to take advantage of this order, owing to the fact that they were unable to license all dairies from which milk was obtained. In some cases, milk was imported from the United States, while in other cases the provincial legislation did not give the municipality power to pass by-laws which would make the tuberculin test compulsory. The city of Begina came under the order, and the work of testing was well under way when the municipality discovered that certain provincial requirements made it impossible to comply with the requirements of the order. This work was therefore discontinued in this district. I am quite satisfied, however, from the experience which has been gained in the enforcement of this order in Saskatoon that its enforcement will be of material benefit to any community, and will also, if taken advantage of in a general way, prove of value in the eradication of bovine tuberculosis. The reduction in the number of reactors discovered during this year, compared with those found during the previous one, undoubtedly supports this view. There were approximately 160 reacting cattle out of 2,937 tests during 1915-16, and 39 out of 2,612 tests during the last fiscal period. The total amount of compensation paid in 1915-16 was $3,144.57, and last year $541.65. The owners, however, realized, in addition, $928.24 in salvage for the car- casses, which were passed during the last year and $3,824 during the previous year. As many municipalities were unable to observe certain requirements, I am, upon the advice of Dr. Torrance, considering asking Council to amend the order in such a way as to make it more practicable. It is my intention to have this order apply to any municipality, provided it is able to employ a paid sanitary inspector for its satisfactory enforcement, instead of limiting it to municipalities of not less than 5,000 inhabitants. 15—5 66 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 It is also my intention to have the dairies classified as raw-milk dairies and pasteurized-milk dairies. In the former case it will -be compulsory for all cattle to be tested with tuberculin, and in the latter case the test will not be enforced, but the milk will be scientifically pasteurized under proper supervision. HOG CHOLERA. A compulsory slaughter and compensation policy has been followed in dealing uith this disease for many years, with satisfactory results. There has been a material reduction in the number of outbreaks of this disease during the last year. It has only been prevalent in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec; only a few small out- breaks having occurred in British Columbia, Alberta, and Nova Scotia ; in Manitoba one isolated outbreak was dealt with, and in Saskatchewan the disease has not been observed. It is a difficult matter to trace the origin of these outbreaks, but from the facts which have been ascertained there is no doubt that the infection is maintained in this country very largely through the feeding of scraps of United States pork. The occurrence of the Manitoba outbreaks was of interest in that it occurred on premises where the hogs are being fed on garbage, and at a time when the garbage was being fed in a raw state. Special measures were put into force a few years ago, with a view to controlling the feeding of garbage to hogs. A policy of insisting upon garbage feeders being licensed has been followed, and in all cases where these licenses are issued the owners must have proper facilities for cooking the garbage, and must also have suitable accommodation for the number of hogs fed, which must be kept in a sanitary condition. Although this material is not considered to be a suitable food for hogs, owing to the fact that by the time it is fed it is frequently in a sour and fermented state, it is nevertheless questionable whether or not it would be practicable or desirable to abso- lutely prohibit its use for food purposes. The department is therefore taking reasonable measures in restricting its use and endeavouring to educate the hog owner to feed this material in a fresh but thoroughly cooked state, and also in the keeping of his premises in a clean and sanitary state. The inauguration, two years ago, of the system of inspecting and licensing premises where hogs are fed on garbage, together with the enforcement of the regula- tions with regard to the proper cooking of this material, has no doubt been an important factor in preventing outbreaks of hog cholera. Although the department still slaughters all hogs showing evidences of being affected with this disease, it does not in all cases follow the old policy of slaughtering all contact hogs which do not show symptoms of illness. The procedure started last year has been followed again this year, with satisfactory results. Contact hogs giving normal temperatures are injected with hog cholera serum. The premises on which they are kept are strictly quarantined and disinfected, and the owner is allowed to fatten the serum-treated hogs for the block. ItHI'OKT <>r THE MIMHTKR 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 In view of the danger of disseminating the hog cholera virus from plants where manufactured, these products are not permitted to be made in this country. The serum used by the department is procured from a reliable firm in the United States, and is used only by the officers of this branch. The importation of hogs from the United States into this country is also prohibited, unless an affidavit accompanies each shipment, stating that the hogs comprising the shipment have not been immunized against this disease. The United States authorities have suspected for years that the use of hog cholera virus as an immunizing agent has, through carelessness, caused very many outbreaks of hog cholera throughout that country. This department, therefore, considered it wise to restrict the use of serum to its own officials. It has been estimated that a material saving has resulted to the department, as well as to the hog owners, through the use of this serum. The department has treated with serum approximately 8,500 hogs. Under the old system the majority of these hogs would have been slaughtered as contacts, and an approximate compensation, amounting to $57,000, paid therefor. These hogs, however, have been treated, fed and slaughtered, for pork. The cost of the treatment of these hogs amounted to $1,600. The saving to the" department alone has, therefore, been approximately $55,400. In addition to this saving the farmer realized the market value for his pork, as the treated hogs were, with very few exceptions, free from disease, and were therefore utilized as a food product instead of being wasted. During the past fiscal year, 4,623 hogs have been slaughtered for this disease and $30,449.32 compensation paid therefor. FOXES. Owing to the great value of the fox industry on Prince Edward Island, I have thought it advisable to continue quarantining all foxes landed on this island until it can be ascertained positively that they are free from disease. These animals are quarantined at Charlottetown for thirty days on a site provided by the provincial authorities, where they are examined and kept under the supervision of a veterinary officer. Thirty-five (35) imported foxes were quarantined during the last fiscal period, all of which were found to be healthy. LABORATORIES. The work in the laboratories at Ottawa, Lethbridge, Alta., and Agassiz, B.C., has been of very great value to the livestock interests throughout the country. The many biological products manufactured at Ottawa for diagnostic and immunizing purposes have been of inestimable value in eradicating and controlling outbreaks of contagious disease. There have also been many thousand specimens examined microscopically at these laboratories for the purpose of ascertaining the cause of fatalities. 15— 5J 68 DEl'A RTMEXT OF A ORICUETURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 In view of the importance of ascertaining facts with regard to contagious abortion, and of determining some practical method for the control and eradication of this disease, one of the pathologists at the Ottawa laboratory is devoting his attention specially to it. An immunizing vaccine has already been made, but our work in connection with it has not advanced sufficiently to attempt its general use. I am in hopes, however, that the vaccine may eventually prove to be the agent needed for the eradication of this very serious malady. Another of the pathologists at this laboratory is devoting his whole time to investigating the diseases of poultry. The work in the laboratories in the West consists principally of the investigation of diseases peculiar to the provinces in which the laboratories are maintained. A great deal of the time of the pathologists at the Lethbridge laboratory is devoted to the examination of blood taken from suspected cases of dourine and for- warded by the officers in the field. The pathologist at Agassiz is engaged in investigating the life-history of certain parasites, with a view to determining to what extent they may carry infection of contagious diseases. He has also undertaken some interesting experimental work vvith regard to fern poisoning, and has definitely determined that a species of fern growing in certain localities in British Columbia actually contains an alkaloid, which is poisonous to horses. In addition to those lines the pathologists at these laboratories examine, mic- roscopically, specimens of diseased tissues forwarded from the abattoirs under federal inspection, with a view to deciding what official action should be taken in doubtful cases. Systematic measures are taken for the constant disinfection of stock cars, chutes, and yards, as there is probably no other more certain means of disseminating the infection of contagious diseases than by permitting the use of unsanitary cars, chutes, or yards. There are approximately twenty-five (25) inspectors, who devote all of ttieir time to this work; with the exception of four travelling inspectors they are heated at suitable points where cleaning and disinfecting facilities exist. In order to ensure that all cars are regularly disinfected, an order is in force which provides that all empty stock cars arriving at or passing through any of the places mentioned below, shall, unless bearing evidence of having previously been so t:eated, be cleansed and disinfected under the supervision of an inspector before bring allowed to proceed: — Halifax, N.S.; St. John, N.B. ; Montreal, Point Levis, Quebec, Que.; Chatham, Toronto, Ont. ; Winnipeg, St. Boniface, Man.; Moosejaw, Sask. ; Medicine Hat, Lethbridge, Calgary, Edmonton and Strathcona, Alta. ; Cran- brook, Kamloops, Nelson, Port Mann, Revelstoke and Vancouver, B.C. In order that this work shall be effective, it is very essential to ascertain the true disinfecting properties of materials used. The railway companies are required to forward to the laboratory here samples of disinfectants which they intend to pur- chase for the disinfection of their cars and yards. These samples are carefuly examined by the pathologist and their phenol coefficient definitely ascertained. If they are found to be satisfactory the railway companies are promptly notified and the use of the disinfectant allowed ; if not satisfactory, the department does not, under any circumstances, permit the preparation to be used. liKl'OUT OF Till; ULMSTER 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 QUARANTINES. The quarantine stations on the Atlantic and Pacific seaboards, as well as along the international boundary, are being maintained in a good sanitary and serviceable state, as it is most important that animals presented for entry can be safely detained and kept under official supervision in comfortable quarters. Special measures have been taken to make the Levis quarantine station modern in every respect. This is the largest and most important of our quarantine stations, and the one through which the most valuable importations from overseas enter. The buildings have been erected on the site which was purchased a few years ago, and are located in such a manner as to permit each individual shipment to be kept quite separate while in the stables and also while out at pasture. It was found advisable to change the inspection port at Bridesville, B.C., to a quarantine station, and to establish inspection ports at Sprague, Man., and Centre- ville, N.B. The latter point was made an inspection port in place of Florenceville, owing to the fact that it was closer to the international boundary and in a more suitable position. Meat and Canned Foods Division. The work of this division continues to increase, and its growth has been especially marked during the past year. This at first sight might appear to be a somewhat strange statement in view of the many reports of the shortage of meat-producing animals. The statistics, however, show that there were slaughtered at establishments operating under the Meat and Canned Foods Act, approximately 648,859 cattle, 2,245,515 swine, and 416,575 sheep. \\ ith the slaughter must also be considered the extraordinary imports made by the managements of the inspected plants. These amounted in port alone to 1,032,719 carcasses, besides cuts of pork which in weight would equal another 200,000 carcasses. The tremendous demands for meat foods to feed the armies of the Allies has drawn very heavily upon the supply in Canada; in fact, to carry out their contracts, Canadian packers were compelled, as above stated, to draw on the United States for nearly one-third of the pork handled. The prices paid to farmers have been the highest on record, and while the prices of grain and feedstuffs have been high there appears to have been a reasonable margin of profit left to the feeder. I trust, therefore, that the producers of Canada, upon whom so much depends at this time, will redouble their efforts in order that a '.teady supply of meat foods may be available both for export and home consumption. Time and space will not permit me to explain in detail the work carried on under the Act, which applies only to establishments engaged in export trade (either foreign or interprovincial) in meats or meat food products, fish, fruit or vegetables. The inspection of meats and their products is most rigid and thorough, and the work is performed by two classes of inspectors, veterinary and lay. The veterinary inspectors must first be graduates of a recognized veterinary college, and must pass a further examination prescribed by the Act before they can be appointed. They serve a probationary period during which they are instrufW 70 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 regarding their duties, and their work is supervised by one of our older officers. If at the end of this time they have shown their fitness for the position, they become attached to the staff; if not, their services are dispensed with. The veterinarians' duties begin with the arrival of the animals at the plant, when a careful examination is made and those showing suspicious symptoms are separated, tagged, and slaughtered at some specified time when they are given special examina- tion. All animals at the time of slaughter are very carefully examined, and those showing disease or abnormal conditions are dealt with as required by the regulations or as the judgment of the inspector demands. The lay inspectors also are required to pass a qualifying examination and to serve a probationary period before they become permanent employees. Their duties are confined to the maintenance of the general sanitary conditions of the plant, the equipment, the handling of the products, and also the marking of shipments leaving the establishment. Edible meats or meat food products which leave an establishment under inspec- tion must be marked with the inspection legend, which consists of the words " Canada Approved," the crown and the establishment number. Indelible products must be plainly and distinctly marked " Indelible, unfit for food." Every operation in these establishments is under the direct supervision and control of my officers during the whole time that work is being done. There are at present thirty-nine establishments under inspection, at which one hundred and twenty-seven veterinary and sixty-seven lay inspectors are stationed. FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. The inspection carried on in connection with establishments engaged in the manu- facture of canned, preserved, and evaporated fruits and vegetables is confined prin- cipally to sanitary conditions. My officers visit at such times as it is deemed neces- sary and advisable, examine closely the entire plant, leave a written statement as to the conditions found, and issue instructions as to needed improvements. A reasonable time is given to comply with their demands. If these are not met the plants are forbidden to operate. Careful examination is also made of all raw as well as of all finished products, and any that are found unwholesome or unfit for food are des- troyed. As, however, they are not during the whole time of preparation under our supervision, no special mark is authorized to be placed upon fruit or vegetable pro- ducts to show that they have been manufactured under the provisions of the Act. During the past four years samples have been taken of every fruit and vegetable canned in Canada. These have been very carefully examined, and much valuable information secured which has been recorded and which will assist materially in the promulgation of standards of quality, a matter at the present time receiving very serious consideration. Such standards, if indicated upon the label, would enable the purchaser to be reasonably sure of the quality of the contents of the tin. - The very unfavourable weather during the past season reduced the pack to such an extent that extremely high prices prevailed. h'i:roRT of Tin: mi muter 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 CONDENSED AND EVAPORATED MILK. This industry is growing rapidly, and has given us very little trouble. Nearly all the plants are models of construction and sanitation. During the year sediment tests have been made from the milk furnished by each individual supplying the plants. These tests show the condition of the raw milk in nearly all cases to be very satisfactory. From present indications my officers engaged in this work under the Act will have an extremely busy year, as the demand for the class of foods coming under their supervision is enormous. FKUIT BRANCH. The commissioner spent some time in the early part of the summer visiting the various fruit-producing districts of Canada, in order to keep in touch with conditions and with the marketing methods adopted in each section. A visit was also made to the state of Washington in order to form some estimate of the probable crop there, as the fruit from this state, together with that from other western states, seriously com- petes with Canadian apples in many of our markets. Special efforts were made to bring producers in closer touch with the wholesale trade, and to create a spirit of co-operation that would result in more satisfactory methods of marketing. The co-operation of the various railroads operating in Canada was obtained to give some publicity to Canadian fruit in their dining cars and hotels, and doubtless home consumption was increased by that means. No extensive advertising campaign was carried on. THE FRUIT SEASON. I The apple season of 1916 was one of the most unfavourable in the history of the industry. The spring was very wet in all sections of the Dominion except the Maritime Provinces, and growers were unable to get on to the land for spraying, cultivating, etc. In many instances, orchards did not receive proper attention, and the development of apple scab was consequently very serious and rapid. In Ontario, the apple crop was so poor in quality that less than 10 per cent was graded No. 1, and the total crop was only about 75 per cent of that harvested the previous year. In fact, the crop was undoubtedly the lightest and poorest in quality produced in many years. The Nova Scotia crop was about 680 barrels, or slightly more than that har- vested in 1915, and of very good quality. Of the total crop, 415,000 barrels were exported, 200,000 barrels marketed in Canada, and 65,000 barrels used in evaporators and canning factories, etc. In British Columbia the crop was slightly more than the previous year but there was a smaller percentage of No. 1 grade. The province exported to Australia and New Zealand, 70,000 boxes of apples, as compared with 31,000 boxes in 1913, 41,000 in 1914, and 55,000 in 1915. 72 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTI RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Peaches were about 75 per cent of a normal crop in Ontario, and practically a full crop in British Columbia. Plums and pears were a light crop in all sections, except in parts of British Columbia, where the pear crop was about 25 per cent larger than an 1915. Grapes were less than a normal crop. FRUIT CROP REPORTS. As in 1915, monthly fruit crop reports were published on the first of each month from June to October, inclusive. These reports dealt with all varieties of fruit in every section of Canada and in many parts of the United States as well. The publication of telegraphic reports was also continued. Every effort was made to secure information by telegram from reliable authorities in the producing dis- tricts of Canada and the United States, and from our fruit inspectors in the large markets. Cables were also received twice a week from Mr. J. Forsyth Smith, Can- adian Fruit Trade Commissioner, giving the sale price of all varieties of Canadian and American apples in Great Britain. These telegraphic reports were published twice weekly from August 15 to April 15. They have proven to be a valuable source of information to the public, and our mailing list is rapidly increasing as their value becomes known. INSPECTION WORK. For the purposes of inspection under part IX of the Inspection and Sale Act, the country was divided in 1912 into five districts, with a chief inspector in charge of each. This system has proved satisfactory and has been continued from year to year. The districts are: — 1. Maritime Provinces, 2. Eastern Ontario and Quebec, 3. Western Ontario, 4. Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, 5. British Columbia, In district 1 the number of inspectors was the same as last season, that is two permanent and fourteen temporary inspectors. All these men with the exception of one permanent inspector for New Brunswick and two temporary men detailed for duty on the docks at Halifax, were located in the producing district of Nove Scotia. The system of inspection at point of shipment, inaugurated in the Annapolis valley in 1914, has been continued and has been heartily endorsed by all the leading growers and dealers of the province. Nova Scotia had a crop somewhat below the average of the past seven or eight years, but of fair quality and our inspectors, moving about the packing houses, were able to do much to raise the standard of the packing and grad- ing, and the fruit exported from Nova Scotia during the season was honestly packed and brought high prices on the British markets. REPORT OF THE MINISTER 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 In Quebec, while the crop as a whole was of poor quality, many well-cared-for orchards gave crops not excelled in any other part of the Dominion. Although com- mercial fruit growing has not of late years received the same attention here that it has in other sections of Canada, varieties of the Mcintosh and Fameuse type are produced to a high state of perfection and there appear to be signs of a revival of interest in orcharding just at present. During the past season, therefore, when the exports from Montreal were exceedingly light, only some 68,000 barrels being shipped from that port, it was possible to locate our inspectors in the growing districts, where they were able to do excellent work, not only by assisting the growers towards a higher standard of grading and packing, but by enthusing them to give the proper atten- tion to their orchards. In eastern Ontario, as everywhere in this province, the apple crop was short and of exceedingly poor quality except in the few commercial orchards that had received particularly good care. Both here and in western Ontario the value of inspection at point of shipment was clearly demonstrated. With a short crop of poor quality, making the output of high-class fruit low and prices correspondingly high, the temptation was great to run as much fruit as possible into the No. 1 and No. 2 grades, notwith- standing the standards laid down in the Inspection and Sale Act. The constant pre- sence of our inspectors, in the orchards and packing houses, where they were able to give practical demonstrations of the proper methods of grading and packing, had such a restraining influence that the growers and shippers, instead of lowering the quality of the higher grades, packed an unusually high percentage of the crop in the No. 3 grade, thus keeping the No. 1 and No. 2 fruit remarkably true to grade. In pursuance of the policy of inspection at point of shipment, three of the tem- porary inspectors, who in former years were stationed in the marketing centres in the Prairie Provinces, were this year detailed for work in the producing districts of Ontario. In district 4 (the Prairie Provinces) there were, consequently, only eight inspectors, where last season we had eleven. I feel confident though that the additional work done in the producing districts more than offset the fact that somewhat fewer inspections were made in the marketing centres of the West. The inspection on the prairies is largely a matter of checking up the work done at the shipping points, and of catching lots which it has been impossible for the district inspector to examine. The inspection of imported fruit is also an important feature of the work here, as large quantities of American fruit compete in these markets with our domestic fruit. In the western markets too, our inspectors are able to be of considerable assistance to the growers and shippers in sending exact reports of the condition in which their fruit reaches its destination. In fact, our inspectors' reports have often been the means of effecting an amicable settlement of disputes between buyers and sellers which, in many cases, are caused merely by the misunderstanding that so often arises when business is carried on by persons more than a thousand miles apart, and having no personal knowledge of each other. In district 5 (British Columbia) the staff consisted during the past year of two permanent and five temporary inspectors, and the inspection work proceeded along much the same as in Eastern Canada. The temporary inspectors, appointed for the active fruit season, being experienced fruit men, have been able to give practical 74 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 assistance in the grading, packing and loading of fruit. This has been particularly- valuable during the past couple of years when the fruit-growing districts of the prov- ince have been practically denuded of all men of military age who before the war devoted their attention to the production of fruit. In many cases, women have been left alone to harvest the crop, and the inspectors of this department have esteemed it a privilege to assist in this work wherever possible. The systematic inspection of basket factories, commenced during the season of 1915, was continued during 1916. Owing largely to the representations made to the makers by the inspectors of this department, the quality of the packages has been much improved, and very few complaints were received from growers as to the strength and size of packages supplied to them during the past year. A complete list of the number of inspections made, the number of packages examined, etc., is hereto appended. It will be noted that in these figures the number of packages of small fruit examined in the season 1916-17 is very much less than the corresponding figures in previous years. This is due to the fact that, up to this year, tbese figures were given in quarts, whereas this year, and in future years, it is our intention to publish them in packages, without reducing the contents of each package to quarts. PROSECUTIONS. Violation of the Inspection and Sale Act, .part IX, with respect to the false pack- ing and marking of fruit, have been fewer this season than for many years. This was due, in part, no doubt, to the light crop, which gave our inspectors a chance to keep in touch with a much larger percentage of the shipments than usual, but credit must also be given to the system of inspection at point of shipment which has been adopted the last couple of years, the full value of which is just being felt. The educa- tional effect of having the inspectors located at the producing points, so that they Lave been constantly in touch with the shippers in their orchards and packing houses, has been very marked. The campaign commenced in 1915, to give adequate inspection to basket fruit, was continued during the past season, and the good result of the work done by our staff of inspectors in the soft fruit district was very apparent. Prosecutions in regard to the over-facing of packages — that is the placing of fine, large, highly coloured specimens on the top layer of a basket, while underneath the fruit was immature, off colour, and small — were only twelve in 1916, in comparison with twenty-one in 1915; and complaints of the under-filling of baskets and berry boxes, which had been common in the past, have almost entirely ceased. The trade recognizes that this is the result of the constant vigilance of our inspectors at the shipping points. In 1915, too, a vigorous campaign was carried on with respect to imported fruit to see that it was packed and marked in accordance with the requirements of the Inspection and Sale Act. The effect of that campaign and of the twenty-five convic- tions secured against importers who continued, after warning, to neglect to mark their fruit in conformance with the law, was such that this season there has been practically no complaint in regard to imported fruit, only two convictions being recorded for the whole season. REPORT OF THE MINISTER 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 INSPECTION STATISTICS. The following table gives comparative statements of the number of lots inspected and the number of packages inspected for the seasons 1912-13 to 1916-17, inclusive: — Number Number of Number of Variety. of lots in- packages in lots in- packages spected. spected. inspected . 1912-13. 18,457 1,321 ,440 80, 102 2,101 204,971 33, 578 119 16,219 2,719 II II 62 12,186 695 17 1,395 660 Peajs lx)\* "S 272 36 356 2 202 Peaches 65 25^592 l!557 „ 121 18, 837 2, 139 186 67,751 7,254 Tomatoes „ 264 39, 174 6,949 Small fruits ... . Quarts. 1,187 2,264,559 172,945 Total 310, 791 1913-14. * Brls.... 11,725 799,510 59,643 2, 631 341,679 29,879 „ 105 11,908 1,219 192 13,250 1,462 Pears 977 48,274 8 559 806 35^494 12^657 353 60,771 7,564 Plums 679 132 159 15 200 173 59^707 7,' 305 Small fruits 736 1,128,907 95,841 239, 329 1914-15. 8 '926 765,445 59,602 Boxes 2,769 457 055 36, 118 'l91 29,' 476 3^994 38 2,443 951 894 91,121 9,760 735 183, 952 10,035 147 17,797 2,422 643 180, 154 12, 294 305 103, 742 12,171 1,162 1,529,598 151,599 244 308,728 22,394 Total 321,300 1915-16. Brls.... 8,882 710,858 60,248 4,297 758,337 46,791 204 14,319 1,797 1,062 121,414 8,816 1,022 270,508 12,575 838 106,569 10,796 998 482,416 22,231 633 200,343 7,926 1,724 2,670,984 275, 234 260 382,332 11,395 Total 457.809 76 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 inspection statistics. — Continued. Variety. Number of lota in- spected. Number of packages in lots in- spected. 404,597 079,148 14,472 108, 420 289, 500 158,133 136,993 282,365 273, 435 Number of packages inspected. 1916-17. 6,412 2,337 188 200 1,179 609 624 2,039 193 43,359 32, 420 1,332 6,108 15,612 7,215 5,812 99, 799 7,951 Total 219,608 MOVEMENT OF APPLES. During the season (1916-17), 415, 90S barrels and 2,703 boxes of Canadian apples were exported from Halifax, and 45,588 barrels and 67,725 boxes from Montreal. The Prairie Provinces received, up to the end of December, 1,076 cars of British Columba apples, 616 cars of Ontario apples, 644 cars of imported apples, and 63 cars of Nova Scotian apples, a total of 2,399- cars. Between January 1 and March 31, 1917, 130 cars of apples were received in Winnipeg. MEETINGS. In addition to their other duties, the fruit inspectors have assisted at numerous meetings during the year in various parts of the Dominion, and in many cases have acted as judges of fruit at local fairs and exhibitions. Members of the staff have also been invited to attend and address meetings of fruit growers in the states of New Hampshire, Virginia, and New York. The packing expert of the department has done good work during the year, having conducted short courses in packing in Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. The box-packing end of his work is particularly important at the present time, inasmuch as our eastern growers have not been accustomed to putting their apples up in boxes, and yet of late years the box has been growing in favour with the consuming public, and if our growers do not have an .opportunity of becoming expert in this work, there is a grave danger of the market being captured by imported fruit. In British Columbia, while the art of box packing is thoroughly understood by the experi- enced packers, much good work has been done by our inspectors in teaching the young, inexperienced packers who have, to a great extent, had to look after this work since the beginning of the war. In addition to the general work along this line carried on throughout the active fruit season, during the past winter one of our permanent inspectors, an expert box packer, has conducted special packing courses at various points throughout British Columbia, all the arrangements for these courses being made by the Provincial Department of Agriculture. REPORT OF THE MINISTER 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 PRICES. Owing to the shortness of the fruit crop, the prices received by the growers were generally higher than those of 1915. Strawberries and raspberries showed an advance of perhaps 15 per cent. The scarcity of labour, however, seriously interfered with the picking of these crops, and in some parts of Ontario considerable quantities of raspberries and currants were not harvested. Peaches, plums, and cherries were in good demand. The average wholesale price of peaches and plums on the Toronto and Montreal markets were: — Peaches, 45 cents and 35 cents per 11 and 6-quart basket Plums 45 cents and 30 ceni * " " In spite of the information sent out from this department, through our crop and market reports, fruit growers did not realize the shortness of the apple crop, and, while prices for the ordinary commercial varieties averaged to the grower about $3.50 for No. l's, $3 for No. 2's, and $2 for No. 3's, f.o.b. shipping point, it was found that when these were collected by the various dealers, the supply was much shorter than had been anticipated, with the result that the dealers forced the price up to the retail merchants, and prices ranged from $5 to $8 per barrel for No. 1 grade, according to variety, the higher figures being for Mcintosh, Fameuse, and Spy. The chief factor, however, in the high price of apples to the Canadian consumer was the tremendous demand for this fruit in Great Britain. The apple crop of England was practically a failure, and there was keen competition for Canadian shipments on arrival in those markets. The highest prices we have ever known on a commercial scale were realized, the hig'hest paid being for some Virginia Albemarle Pippins which sold at from $17 to $19 per barrel, and the average on the British markets for No. 1 barreled stock of the followng Canadian standard varieties being as follows : — Nova Scotia Fruit. King- $7 50 Golden Russet $9 25 Blenheim 650 Stark 6 50 Ribston 6 25 Northern Spy 7 75 Greening 6 50 Ben Davis 8 00 Baldwin 700 Ontario Fruit. Wealthy $ 9 50 Snow $11 00 Alexander 7 00 Baldwin 9 50 Mcintosh Red 1100 Ben Davis 8 25 King 10 25 Golden Russet 9 25 Greening 9 00 Stark 900 Cranberry 9 50 Northern Spy 8 75 Note. — The Nova Sootian barrel is slightly smaller than the Ontario barrel. The natural result of these high prices was that practically all the fruit that was available, and for which space could be secured, went forward, resulting in a serious shortage of good fruit in Canada and very high prices being demanded for all that was offered for sale. Apple Embargo. On February 24, 1917, a proclamation was issued in Great Britain prohibiting the importation of fruit into Great Britain, except under license. Representations were made to the British Government on behalf of the fruit interests of this country 78 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 and the dealers of Great Britain, with the result that the embargo was raised, until the 31st of July, 1917, to allow the fruit of the Dominions to enter the United King- dom to the extent of 50 per cent of the imports of 1916. After July 31 the prohibition becomes absolute, unless the conditions necessitating the embargo have changed. The lifting of the embargo was a great relief to many Canadian shippers, who had held apples for shipment to the markets of Great Britain and who would consequently have suffered great loss had they, been obliged to divert the fruit to other markets. The Canadian apples were also eagerly sought by the consumers of the United Kingdom. ENTOMOLOGICAL BKANCH. The work of this branch has comprised the administration of the Insects and Pests regulations of the Destructive Insect and Pest Act; the suppression of the brown- tail moth in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick and the introduction of its parasitic and predacious insect enemies and those of the gypsy moth into Eastern Canada ; the conducting of investigations upon insects affecting farm, garden and orchard crops, forest and shade trees, domestic and other animals, household and public health, mills and stored products, and the giving of advice concerning the control of such insects; the naming of collections of insects for institutions and individuals; and the adminis- tration of an appropriation for the care of the orchards in the Indian reservations in British Columbia. In addition, the Dominion Entomologist has been called upon to advise on questions relating to the protection and encouragement of birds and on the conservation of wild life generally. Under the Destructive Insect and Pest Act, nursery stock originating in countries in which the San Jose scale occurs was fumigated at our various fumigation stations. In addition nursery stock originating in Europe, Japan and the New England States was inspected either at the ports of entry for nursery stock or on the premises of the importers for the gypsy and brown-tail moths and other foreign insect pests that such imported trees and plants are likely to introduce into the country. Owing to the con- tinued disturbed conditions in Europe, particularly in Belgium, Holland, and France, from which the greater part of the foreign nursery stock is imported, a continued decrease in the amount of nursery stock occurred; but in spite of all these changed conditions and the difficulties experienced in securing ocean transportation, it was possible to obtain a fairly large quantity of these foreign supplies upon which our nurserymen and florists are to a large extent dependent. The brown-tail moth situation in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick can still be regarded as being in a satisfactory condition owing to the careful scouting and destruction of the winter-webs of the insects in these two provinces. In Nova Scotia, 14,755 winter-webs were collected during the winter of 1915-16, as compared with 1S,154 winter-webs collected during the winter 1914-15, and in New Brunswick, where the infested territory is more extensive, 395 winter-webs were collected in 1915-16, as compared with 239 winter-webs collected during the previous season of 1914-15. Every effort is being made to prevent this dangerous insect pest of our fruit and shade trees ftom firmly establishing itself in New Brunswick, and from increasing in serious numbers and spreading in Nova Scotia. I am pleased to have the opportunity of REPORT OF THE MINISTER 70 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 acknowledging the continued co-operation of the provincial governments, who employ half the number of men engaged on this work under the direction of my officers. We are fortunately still able to record the fact that the gipsy moth, whose depre- dations are more serious in their effect than those of brown-tail moth, has not yet reached Canadian territory, although its arrival on account of its northeasterly spread in Maine may be expected any year, especially as it has now been demonstrated that the young caterpillars of the gipsy moth can be carried many miles by the prevailing winds. With a view to being more prepared for the arrival of the gipsy moth, which is only a matter of time, and to assist in securing the natural control of the brown-tail moth, we have continued to import the natural parasitic and predacious enemies of these pests from the New England states, which work has been rendered possible through the continued co-operation of the United States Department of Agriculture, which is gratefully acknowledged. The parasitic and predacious insects were collected by my officers in Massachusetts, and the parasites were reared at the gipsy moth labora- tory, Melrose Highlands, Mass., where we were afforded laboratory facilities: From this point these useful insects were shipped to our Entomologist Laboratory at Fredericton, and a distribution of the insects made from the laboratory to various strategical points in the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, and Ontario. Up to date nearly 100,000 parasites and 4,200 predacious beetles have been imported and liberated. The investigation of insect pests and their control is now mainly carried on at the entomological field laboratories that have been established throughout Canada during the last five years. The following is a brief summary of the various lines of inquiry that have been undertaken during the last year by my officers in charge of these laboratories under the direction of the Dominion Entomologist : — Annapolis Royal, N.S. — Investigations on the brown-tail moth, the introduction of its parasites and control work. The control of insects affecting orchard crops, including extensive experiments on the comparative value of different insecticides. In this work we have demonstrated the value of arsenate of lime as a substitute for arsenate of lead, both from the point of view of lower cost and superior mixing power. Our experimental and demonstration work in orchard spraying has resulted in a very great increase in the practice of spraying in the province, with a consequent increase in the amount and quality of the fruit. Fredericton, N.B. — In addition to the control work and investigations on the brown-tail moth in New Brunswick, my officers at this laboratory have had charge of the introduction and establishment of the parasitic and predacious enemies of the brown-tail and gipsy moths. Important investigations on the means by which the natural control of the tent caterpillars, the spruce budworm, and the fall webworm is effected were continued with important results, as comparatively little is known concerning the factors affecting the increase and decrease of these insects that from time to time are responsible for widespread depredations in Canada. Hemmingford, Que. — Investigations and demonstration work on the control of orchard insects in a region where little attempt is made to control orchard insects were 80 DEPARTM EX T OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 continued with beneficial results. In addition to educational work, a beginning was made of a study of a control of the wharble fly which is widely prevalent in the dairy- ing sections of this region. Vineland Ont. — An investigation of the aphids affecting apple, and their control was continued and satisfactory progress was made. In co-operation with the Pro- vincial Entomologist of Ontario the possibility of controlling the apple maggot by means of arsenical sprays was demonstrated. Investigations on insects occuring in greenhouses, and the more important insects affecting bush fruits in the Niagara fruit district were also continued. Strathroy, Ont. — The investigations on white grub, which are so widely destructive t>» field crops, was continued. Valuable data were secured. Treesbank, Man. — The main lines of investigation at this labratory were: the continuation of the study of the local species of white grubs, the life-histories and dis- tribution of the various species of grass stem-maggots and other insects affecting cereals. Lethh'idge, Alta. — The investigations on cutworms, and particularly the army cutworm, were concluded during the early summer and the results of these .valuable investigations were published during the year. Agassiz, B.C., and Royal Oak, B.C. — At the Entomological Laboratory at Agassiz, and also at a temporary laboratory at Eoyal Oak, investigations on fruit insects were carried on with conspicuous success. At Eoyal Oak the life-history and control of the newly discovered orchard pest, the pear thrip, were studied, and the methods of control by spraying was demonstrated to the great benefit of the fruit-growers in the infested region. In the Okanagan valley a beginning was made of a study of the codling moth under British Columbia conditions. Vancouver, B.C. — Further investigations on insects affecting the forest trees of the province were made from this laboratory, and special attention was paid to a serious borer affecting the cedar along the coast. The survey of insects affecting the coniferous forests of the interior of the province was also continued, but the state of the lumbering industry prevented the carrying out of certain lines of control work that otherwise would have been conducted. It is gratifying to note the increased value of these regional laboratories to the agriculturists whom they are intended to help. The advice and assistance of the officers in charge of the laboratories is in constant demand, and their work is proving to be of great value in rendering timely assistance. At Ottawa, investigations on white grubs were commenced and experiments on the control of root maggots were continued. A new species of moth was received from Newfoundland, where it was destructive to cabbages. Certain species of greenhouse pests were studied, including the Florida fern caterpillar, which had not been recorded previously in Canada. The investigations on forest insect depredations in British Columbia have been continued, and more attention was given during the past year to insects affecting the REPORT OF THE MIS Is Till; 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 forests and lumber industry in Eastern Canada. Special attention was paid to the control of borers in logs, which insects cause serious losses annually, and effective methods of preventing these losses were found. The study of several important species of insects destructive to shade trees in Eastern Canada was undertaken, and good pro- gress was made with the result that it is possible to recommend satisfactory methods of control for the locust borer and alder leaf-miner. By an arrangement with the Department of Militia and Defence, the Dominion Entomologist visited most of the military camps in Canada last summer, for the pur- pose of lecturing on the control of insects affecting troops, and advising the sanitary officers in the prevention of flies and lice in the camps. This assistance was greatly appreciated. In addition, a special circular on this subject was prepared for distri- bution to the officers and non-commissioned officers of the Canadian overseas forces. Further progress in the study of the mosquitoes of Western Canada was made. Numerous other miscellaneous lines of study have been undertaken on insects affecting the household, stored grain, etc. A large portion of the time of the Dominion Entomologist has been devoted to questions relating to the conservation of our native birds and mammals. It is gratify- ing to be able to record the successful conclusion of our efforts to scure better and much-needed protection for our migratory insectivorous birds and wild fowl by the ratification in Washington on December 7, 1916, of the International Convention between Great Britain and the United States for the protection of migratory birds in Canada and the United States. The Dominion Entomologist has also been called upon to advise on the protection of mammals and the treatment of noxious species, and is acting as secretary to the interdepartmental Advisory Board on Wild Life Pro- tection which was appointed in December last. The following publications have been issued from the Entomological Branch dur- ing the year : — The Cabbage Root Maggott and its Control in Canada, with notes on the Imported Onion Maggott and the Seedcorn Maggott. By Arthur Gibson and R. C. Treherne. Bulletin No. 12, 58 pp., 29 figs., 1916. The Army Cutworm. By E. H. Strickland. Bulletin No. 13, 31 pp., 15 figs., 1916. Spraying for Insects affecting Apple Orchards in Nova Scotia. By G. E. Sanders and W. H. Brittain, Entomological Circular No. 8, 11 pp., with spray calendar, 1916. The Suppression of Two Insects affecting Troops. By C. Gordon Hewitt. Special Circular for Canadian Expeditionary Forces, 8 pp., 2 figs., 1916. In addition to the above publications the officers of the branch have contributed papers embodying the more technical results of their work to The Canadian Entomo- logist and other scientific journals. Articles have also been contributed each month to The Agricultural Gazette of Canada, and in a number of cases reprints of these articles were issued. During the year considerable additions have been made to the National Collection of Insects, which is now in good order and, with certain exceptions, most of the orders 15—6 82 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 of insects have been arranged and correctly named. In addition to the insects collected by my officers, we have received numerous donations from private collectors, and one of my officers, Mr. Tom Wilson, whose subsequent death I record with regret, gave the large private collection made by himself and Mr. W. H. Bush in British Columbia. The insects collected on the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-16, have now been received, and arrangements are being made for their identification and description. BRANCH OF THE CANADIAN COMMISSIONER OE THE INTER- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE. Notes. — On April 4, the opening of the new fiscal year was marked by the re-election, by the Permanent Committee, of Marquis Cappelli to the Presidency of the Institute. He had occupied this office for six years, and his address to the Per- manent Committee reviewed briefly the progress that had been made during that time. At the beginning of that period its only organ was a meagre bulletin giving in a very few pages the then imperfect statistics of cereal production. It had now developed so as to be an international review of the statistics of practically all agricultural pro- duction and commerce. There was introduced during the same period the "Inter- national Review of the Science and Practice of Agriculture " and the " International Review of Agricultural Economics," both published in five different languages. The former is a review of reviews of agriculture, its material being abstracted from 2,500 periodical publications issued in all countries and written in all languages. This work is impossible of accomplishment by any particular individual or any existing institution. The "International Review of Agricultural Economics" served as the basis of the studies of the American Committee which visited Europe in 1913 to study co-operation and agricultural credit, the committee having begun their campaign at Rome by consulting the Institute experts and attending the meetings of the General Assembly then being held. In the same six years, the president continued, there were created the "International Year Book of Agricultural Statistics" and the "Inter- national Year Book of Agricultural Legislation," containing for each' year the text of the most important agricultural laws in all countries. These results had been brought about by harmonious co-operation between the Permanent Committee and the employees of the staff, to whose efficiency the president paid a tribute. There was a tendency to extend the statistical data to the production and commerce of all agri- cultural products, and to the information necessary for a thorough appreciation of all the great economic movements such as freights and exchange, which refer directly or indirectly to the trade of these products. There was, moreover, a tendency to extend the Institute's activity to the whole scientific and practical movement connected with plant diseases and pests, to make the Institute the authorized centre and organ of all the agricultural laboratories and institutions in the world. Later the president took up the same theme and read before the Permanent Com- mittee the address on the International Institute made by the Minister of External Affairs of Australia, in which the latter also reviewed and highly commended the remarkable work accomplished during the past six years. REPORT OF THE MINISTER 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Financial Situation, — The expenditure for the calendar year 1916 was 870,000 francs, and the cash held in reserve at the end of the year 691,000 francs. It ia expected that the arrears of contributions, which are due chiefly by the central Euro- pean belligerent governments, will be paid up after the war, as those governments have not ceased to derive the usual benefits from the Institute's operation. Sir Edward Buck, K.C.S.I., representative for India on the Permanent Com- mittee, died at Eome on July 5, 1916. In the early spring he had undertaken to replace Sir James Wilson, the regular representative of Great Britain, India, and the British Dominions, during the latter's temporary absence in London. He was, however, unable to attend the last two meetings which preceded the summer holidays. Sir Edward Buck, formerly a Director of Agriculture for India, possessing high technical qualifi- cations and the rare experience of a long and successful career, was a deeply convinced champion of the International Institute. He was one of the most active and effective workers in connection with the Institute's original organization, and, only a year or so before his death, made a strong appeal to the various British governments to increase their active support of and collaboration with the Institute. Changes in the Institute Staff. — By reason of a successful competitive examination in October, 1915, Professor Lorenzoni was chosen to occupy the chair of political economy at the University of Macerata, and tendered his resignation as Secretary- General, to take effect from October 31, 1916. He was succeeded by Mr. Dragoni, Instructor General and Chief of the Service in the Italian Ministry of Agriculture, Commerce and Industries, and who had been connected with the settlement of import- ant international questions. At the same time the Acting Secretary-General, Dr. Paul Van Hissenhoven, became free to devote himself exclusively to the statistical branch of the Institute work, of which he is the permanent chief. Dr. Hissenhoven is particularly well qualified for this work in consequence of his previous experience as secretary of the Antwerp Board of Trade and professor at the Antwerp Commercinl Institute. Professor Lorenzoni's retirement caused much regret, inasmuch as he had been connected from the start with the creation of the Institute, and, besides the duties of Secretary-General, filled with exceptional distinction the position of Chief of the Bureau of Economic and Social Institutions. It is unfortunate, that his severance from the institute is chiefly the result of the protest of Austria because notwith- standing his being a native of Italia Irrendenta, he served a term at the front in this war in the Italian army. Ocean Freight Rates. — One of the notable reports of the year was that undertaken by the retiring Secretary-General, Professor Lorenzoni, entitled "Ocean Freight Bates and the Transportation by Sea of Cereals." The first part of the report, pre- sented in November, 1916, was received by the Permanent Committee with the highest commendation, and Professor Lorenzoni was charged by private arrangement to proceed with the completion of part II after his retirement from the Institute to undertake University work. This report, when completed, will serve as the basis for the discussions on this important question at the next General Assembly. 15— 6 J 84 DEIWRI Mi:\T OF AGRfi I ' f/l'l HE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Control of Grasshoppers. — In April, on the initiative of the Government of Morocco, Mr. Louis Dop, Vice-President of the Institute, introduced proposals for the purpose of bringing about international action in the control of grasshoppers and locusts. It was suggested by Mr. Dop that action should be especially directed towards suppressing the pest in its original breeding grounds. He was of the opinion that a permanent concerted campaign carried on by Egypt, Tripoli, Tunis, Algeria, Morocco, and West Africa would either abate or entirely suppress the periodical migration of the acridians. Measures of like nature had been adopted with success in South Africa and in South America. On the latter continent the convention organized in Mont- i ideo, Uruguay, in 1913, had been followed by another congress after a visit had been made by specialists to the supposed original habitat of the acridians in Bolivia. On the proposal of the delegate for Russia that many other world states would be interested in the question, it was decided to consult the adhering Governments on the expediency of holding an International Conference, which might be held, as was the last Inter- national Meteorological Conference, just before the meetings of the General Assembly, by which its deliberations might be ratified. An elaborate monograph of 186 pages was prepared by the Bureau of Agricultural Intelligence and Plant Diseases and sent to the various Governments to aid them in coming to a decision. The Canadian Office. — The " Bulletin of Foreign Agricultural Intelligence," which had been published since October, 1910, was discontinued with the December, 1916, number. This was done to give effect to a recommendation in the report of the Joint Committee of both Houses on the Printing of Parliament. A section of the " Agricultural Gazette " (Part V) has been allotted in order to replace the Bulletin to some extent, and to continue to make available to Canadians the valuable information published by the Institute at Rome. Among the more prominent articles published in the " Bulletin of Foreign Agri- cultural Intelligence " during the year were : " Co-operation in Minnesota," " Co- operative Dairy Societies in Great Britain," " The Value of Birds to Man," " Review of the World's Agricultural Legislation of 1914," " Co-operative Abattoirs in Den- mark," " Insurance Conditions in Reference to the Transport of Cereals," " Droughts and Hot Weather," " Entomophagous Insects and their Practical Employment in Agriculture," " The United States Federal Farm Loan Act," " Protection of Orchards against Frost," u Protection of Birds in Canada and the United States," " Inter- national Control of Ocean Carriage and Freight Rates," " Meteorology and Agricul- ture," " Wheat and the War, 1915-16 and 1916-17," and other similar editorial reviews of the world's cereal situation. A large number of inquiries for more information than was furnished in the summarized articles published in the Bulletin were answered during the year. In many cases the original article and additional information were procured from the author or the Institute. A limited number of the three original Institute Bulletins, " The International Review of the Science and Practice of Agriculture," " The International Review of Agricultural Economics," and " The International Crop Report and Agricultural Statistics," in French and in English, are received from Rome by the Institute Bianch. These are sent to a list of Government officials and experts in different lines REPORT OF THE MINISTER 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 of agriculture. A number of copies are held in reserve at the branch to be sent occasionally to readers of the Foreign Intelligence section of the " Agricultural Gazette," who wish to receive more details of the information therein outlined. Library of the Institute Branch. — The library records show that there were, on March 31, 3,448 bound books and 27,130 unbound books and pamphlets, irregular serials being included in the latter term. The United States periodical " Agricul- tural Index," received by the library, covers pretty thoroughly all current agricul- tural literature of the English-speaking countries. Practically all of the periodicals therein indexed, together with many others received in exchange, in all some 350, are conventiently arranged on the library shelves. The various card catalogues, about 105,000 in number, published by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Library of Congress, have been kept up to date. These are of great assistance to the experts making use of the library, an effec- tive means of building up the library, and in compiling bibliographies. While the library primarily serves the purposes of the Institute, it is sought to make it of the utmost assistance to agricultural experts, whether officials of the Federal Government or otherwise. It is of particular importance that an official should, by this means, be able to examine the latest books and publications to enable him to decide upon the acquisition of the ones most suitable for his own special purposes. Hence, lists of the volumes received were from time to time circulated among the various agricultural specialists. THE PUBLICATIONS BRANCH. The work of the Publications Branch is continually on the increase. While the number of publications issued by the department was slightly less for the fiscal year of 1916-17 than in 1915-16, or sixty-two compared with sixty-six, the number of copies sent out exceeded that of the previous year by 215,283. It is noteworthy that since the introduction of the Patriotism and Production and the Production and Thrift movements, the increase both of the mailing lists and of the general demand has been most marked, the total of 1914-15 over 1913-14 being 737,021; of 1915-16 over 1914-15, 1,284,981; and of 1916-17 over 1915-16, 215,283; or an aggregate increase in three years of 2,237,285. In these circumstances the comparative growth from year to year warrants the assumption that the work will continue to develop in extent. This possesses the appearance of ever-widening appreciation of the efforts of the department to prepare and send forth informatory and advisory literature to farmers, breeders, fruit growers, and to amateurs who follow any one of these pursuits. The steady increase from year to year of the number of publications sent out on request by mail from all parts of the country is evidence not alone of abiding influ- ence, but also of the growth of intelligent interest in products of the soil by the public in general. This phase of the question is especially illustrated by the demand for publications bearing on the cultivation of home and school gardens. For a pamphlet entitled " The School Garden," 21,600 requests were received, apart from 1,800 dis- 86 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 tributed according to mailing list ; for another entitled " The Home Vegetable Gar- den," 15,300 requests were received; and for a third, entitled "The Home Vegetable Garden and Patriotic Garden Competition," 8,100 requests were recorded. For the complete Experimental Farms report altogether 114,360 requests were complied with, and for the divisional reports the total distribution reached 694,400. For " Seasonable Hints," in addition to 802,844 sent out as per mailing list, 14,460 were despatched in response to requests. Of entomological publications, 66,740 were circulated. In all, the requests responded to in 1916-17 numbered 333,767, in addition to 2,972,951 sup- plied to the regular mailing lists. A complete statement of circulation for the year follows, and also a statement for ihe last five years indicating the expansion of the work of the branch: — CIRCULATED IN" 1916-17. Character of Publications. Reports Bulletins. . . Seasonable Hints (3 issues) Pamphlets Circulars Leaflets Gazette (12 issues) Foreign Agricultural Intelligence (9 issues) . Agricultural Institute publications, original War Book Total ...../ Mailing List. 782,690 366,012 802,844 272, 502 386,500 131,000 71,982 149,431 8,190 1,800 2,972,951 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT FOR FIVE YEARS. Year. Names on Lists. Number of Publications. Number Mailed. Increase over Preceding Year. 1913-14 168,292 178,000 202,000 240, 000 306,200 48 69 46 66 62 1,450,000 1,069,433 1,806,454 3,091,435 3,306,718 737,021 1,284,981 215,283 1914-15 1916-17 10,724,040 2,237,285 The methods of operation in circulation have been detailed in previous reports, but improvements are still being made from time to time and every effort is put forth to adopt expeditious and labour-saving devices. In common with other branches of the service, the circulation, recording, storing, and despatching divisions of the branch have suffered in the loss of experienced help. Female labour has been substituted to some extent for male labour, and to partially supply the place of seven young men who have joined the overseas force and two others who have secured engagements elsewhere. There are now employed in the branch, including the editorial staff of The Agricultural REPORT OF THE MINISTER 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Gazette, thirty-six people, comprising twenty-five men and eleven women. Of these, twenty are clerks, four messengers, and twelve packers. During the year The Agricultural Gazette has ranged in volume each month from eighty to ninety-six pages, and has contained contributions, varying from one to fifteen from each contributor on different subjects, from 180 officials of the Fed- eral Department of Agriculture or of the agricultural, educational or other depart- ments of the nine provinces of the Dominion, in addition to the writings of the editorial staff. Each month symposia have been given of the subjects more immediately receiving the attention of the various provincial governments. Every effort has been made to make these as complete as possible in order that the whole country might be covered and the activities of each province be known one to the other. A large amount of work in connection with the revision and growth of the mailing lists was done. During the past fiscal year about 120,000 new stencils were embossed. In the work of revision, 16,150 addresses were changed or cancelled. On the addressing machines, 2,408,700 envelopes were addressed. A total of 435,000 stencils were used. 88 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 III. PATENTS OF INVENTION. The following tables show the transactions of the Patent Office, Department of Agriculture, from April, 1916, to March 31, 1917:— Applications for patents 8,751 Patents and certificates granted — Patents 7,520 Certificates 1.599 Total 9,119 Caveats , 358 Assignments of Patents 3,661 Notices under section 8 831 Receipts. Cash received . Cash refunded Net cash , $ cts. 227,094 09 3,777 39 223,316 70 Expenditure. Salaries Patent record Receipts over expenditure $ cts. 90,850 00 28,916 91 119,766 91 103,549 79 223,316 70 Detailed Statement Patent Office Fees for Year 1916-17. Month. Notices. Patents. Assign- ments. Certified Copies. Caveats. Sundries. Subs- cription. Total 19 L6. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. 174 00 17,905 20 752 90 297 05 190 00 5 00 16 10 19,340 25 156 00 19,236 95 784 15 237 35 160 0(1 29 10 12 80 20,616 41 150 00 15,922 80 603 80 230 81 205 00 22 15 52 20 17,186 70 July . . 126 00 15,212 57 624 50 304 75 189 (1(1 14 45 28 8(i 16,500 07 102 85 14,777 55 609 95 257 55 143 (1(1 14 00 6 95 15,911 85 September 134 00 15,385 69 585 35 221 90 125 00 10 00 7 86 16,469 79 130 90 15,998 4ii 670 10 243 80 165 00 12 40 42 4(1 17,263 00 111 00 16,822 62 573 10 263 85 170 oo 12 lid 31 20 17,984 67 124 00 16,791 90 733 84 171 85 125 00 13 00 38 65 17,998 24 1917. January 164 40 22,379 44 804 95 362 67 165 00 20 25 28 69 23,925 4(1 February. ....... 132 00 18,911 (in 860 00 248 64 165 00 11 00 13 55 20,341 10 March 157 00 22,001 48 800 28 288 75 213 00 47 65 48 30 23,556 46 1,662 15 211,345 60 8,402 92 3,128 97 2,015 00 211 00 327 4!) 227,094 (i!» lUll'OliT OF THE MINISTER 89 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The total number of patents granted to Canadian inventors was 1,091, and were distributed among the provinces of the Dominion as follows: — Ontario 465 Quebec 287 British Columbia 72 Manitoba 84 Alberta 59 Saskatchewan 62 New Brunswick 29 Nova Scotia 29 Prince Edward Island 3 Yukon 1 Patents issued to residents of Canada, with the ratio of population to each patent granted : — Provinces. Manitoba Ontario British Columbia Alberta Quebec Saskatchewan Yukon New Brunswick Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island Statement of the number of patents issued under the Act, on which the fees are paid for periods of six, twelve, or eighteen years, at the option of the patentee; and of patents on which the certificates of payments of fees were attached after the issue of patents originally granted for periods of six and twelve years : — Period for which fees were paid on first issue — 6 years 7,493 12 " 4 18 " 23 Patents on which Certificates were attached after issue — 6 years * 1,555 12 " 44 Reissues — ... 6 years - 10 12 " 2 18 " 1 Comparative Statement of the transactions of the Patent Office from 1907 to 1917, inclusive. Patents. One to Every. 84 5,423 465 5,426 72 5,451 59 6,350 287 6,979 62 7,942 1 '8,512 29 12,134 29 16,977 3 31,242 Years. 1907, 1908. 1900, 1910 1911, 1912 1913 1914 ]f»15 1916 1917 Applica- tions for Patents. 7,077 7,406 7,239 7,789 8,037 8,293 8,681 8,359 7,302 7,793 8,751 Patents and Certificates Granted. Patents. 6,121 6,774 6,395 7,223 7,249 7,399 7,502 7,918 6,867 6,812 7,520 Certifi- cates. 634 744 827 1,010 1,002 1,113 1,199 1,323 1,211 1,419 1,599 Total. 6,755 7,518 7,222 8,233 8,251 8,512 8,701 9,241 8,078 8,231 9,119 Caveats. 285 317 319 448 406 348 353 354 391 419 358 Assign- ments of Patents. 3,003 2,900 3,001 3,147 3,256 3,725 3,741 3,432 3,391 3,311 3,661 90 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Nationality of Inventors. Countries. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 5,021 4,885 4,997 4,964 5,220 4,645 4,972 5,772 392 359 506 495 558 450 360 352 241 304 336 307 300 107 14 10 60 77 99 75 76 76 76 62 75 97 108 100 115 83 55 45 37 33 46 47 50 29 31 37 39 54 52 64 40 40 44 43 20 25 20 23 33 19 21 5 23 20 24 40 35 11 0 0 Italy 8 12 6 16 14 15 8 8 12 26 23 20 22 14 22 10 8 5 14 15 16 11 12 18 12 16 10 1 3 3 3 7 6 6 6 5 5 0 0 14 18 6 17 13 9 5 6 IS 20 17 10 32 24 29 20 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 7 4 2 2 11 7 10 8 7 4 4 0 0 3 4 4 • 1 0 0 1 1 5 1 1 9 3 0 0 1 3 1 1 3 0 Chile 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 Grand Duchy of Luxemburg 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 Algeria 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 1 3 2 1 0 5 3 1 7 3 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Poland 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 11 8 8 5 2 7 5 1 1 2 3 5 3 0 0 3 3 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 3 2 0 0 0 1 3 3 0 0 2 4 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 Tunis 1 0 0 0 0 Ceylon 1 0 0 0 0 Straits Settlements . . 1 0 0 0 3 ] 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 2 1 5 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 * These ten patents were granted during the year to assignees of subjects of the Emperor of Germany ; the assignment to citizens of countries not at war with Great Britain having been made previous to the outbreak of hostilities. The total number of reports issued by the examiners during the year was 13,019 and 13 patents were surrendered and reissued. REPORT OF THE MINISTER 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Out of the total number of patents granted by this office during the year there were 5,772 issued to inventors or assignees resident in the United States, being 76 per cent of the whole issue. There were more patents granted to citizens of the United States during the last fiscal year than in any previous year of record. This branch of the department continues to receive the official reports of patents from Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, United States, Mexico, Portugal, Italy, Belgium, France, and Japan, in addition to other periodicals of a scientific nature, in exchange for the Canadian Patent Office Record. There were 2,198 patents brought under the conditions of the compulsory license clause, section 44 of the Patent Act. The number of notices under section 8 of the Patent Act was 831. Since the declaration of war, the following licenses were granted under the Orders and Regulations respecting Patents of Invention, made under " The War Measures Act, 1914 " :— Number of Patent. Name of Registered Owner. Short Title. Name and Address of Licensees. Date of Grant. J ooDoO Farbwerke Vorm. IMeis- ter Lucius & Bruning assignee of Paul Ehrlich and Alfred Bertheim. The ^Manufacture of New Derivatives of the Para-Oxyarylar- sinic acids. Ernest ^^eil ^Icics-llum i 1Q1J. liOV. Zo, lefl^. 152320 Farbwerke Vorm. Meis- ter Lucius & Bruning assignee of Paul Ehrlich and Alfred Berthein. The Manufacture of New Derivatives of the Para-Oxyarylar sinic acids. Ernest Neil Macallum and Charles Newton Candee, Jr., trading under the name and style of the Synthetic Drug Company, Toronto, Ont. Gustave Archambault, M.D., Montreal, Que. 144873 Farbwerke Vorm. Meis- ter Lucius & Bruning assignee of George Korndorfer. The Manufacture of Derivatives of Dio- xydiamino-a r s e n o- benzene. Ernest Neil Macallum and Charles Newton Candee, Jr., trading under the name and style of the Synthetic Drug Company, Toronto, Ont. Gustave Archambault, M.D., Montreal, Que. 144874 Farbwerke Vorm. Meis- ter Lucius & Bruning assignee of George Korndorfer and Baptist Reuter. The Manufacture of Derivativesof Diaini- dodioxy- arseno - ben- zene. Ernest Neil Macallum and Charles Newton Candee, Jr.. trading under the name and style of the Symthetic Drug Company, Toronto, Ont. Gustave Archambault, M.D., Montreal, Que. 78745 HUlsberg & Co. Gesell- schaft mit beschraank- ter Haftung, assignee of Max Ruping. Improvements in or re- lating to the Impreg- nation of Wood and Other Porous Mater- ials. Vancouver Creosoting Co., Ltd., Vancouver, B.C. July 12, 1916. 92353 HUlsberg & Co. Gesell- schaft mitbesehriinkter Haftung, assignee of Max Ruping. The Impregnation of Wood and other Porous Materials. Vancouver Creosoting Co., Ltd., Vancouver, B.C. 92 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 [V. COPYRIGHTS, TRADE MARKS, INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS AND TIMBER MARKS. Statement of Fees received by the Copright and Trade Mark Branch from April 1, 1916, to March 81, 1917. Month. 1916. April May June. July August September. . October November. .. . December 1917. January February March Refunds. . . Trade Marks. $ cts. 2,792 24 2,566 05 2,766 50 2,289 90 1,827 00 2,380 00 2,892 00 2,584 82 2,430 63 3,261 73 2,636 55 3,036 50 31,463 92 6,944 90 24,519 02 Copy- rights. $ cts. 125 54 125 50 115 75 98 00 130 75 109 00 131 60 149 60 164 65 128 30 139 70 160 50 1,578 89 21 00 1,557 89 Designs. $ cts. 82 50 128 00 134 50 110 00 131 00 60 00 100 00 135 00 73 80 83 50 140 00 391 00 1,569 30 197 00 1,372 30 Timber Marks. $ cts. 19 90 4 25 2 00 4 00 6 00 6 00 6 00 14 00 2 00 20 00 26 00 12 00 122 15 2 00 120 15 Assign- ments. Copies. $ cts. 76 00 31 50 71 00 31 00 48 00 36 00 58 00 32 00 27 00 125 00 43 00 95 50 674 00 19 50 654 50 f cts. 11 50 58 00 17 50 28 75 35 00 27 00 45 00 53 75 33 25 38 10 35 65 36 75 420 25 2 00 418 25 The particulars of the registrations made by the Copyright and Trade Mark Branch of the Department of Agriculture during the year ended March 31, 1917, are as follows : — I. Copyrights — Full copyrights without certificates l,0Si2 Full copyrights with certificates 15'0 Temporary copyrights without certificates 3i0 Temporary copyrights with certificates .... Interim copyrights without certificates 112 Interim copyrights with certificates 10 Renewals of copyrights 4 Assignments >BZ 1,441 II. Trade marks 840 Renewals of specific trade marks 74 Assignments of trade marks 249 III. Industrial designs 1'9'6 Renewals 3>8 Assignments 27 IV. Timber marks 5'5 Assignments 4 Total registrations 2,924 V. Letters received • e,&22 VI. Letters sent 7,075 REPORT OF THE Ml \ T8TER 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 The following table shows a comparative statement of the business of this branch from 1904 to 1916, inclusive: — x ear. Letters Received. Letters sent. Copyrights Registered. Certificates of Copyright. ~6 - 1 u H 1 Industrial Designs Registered. Timber Marks Registered. Assignments Registered. Jr ees Received Gross. x ees Received iN et. $ cts. $ cts. 1904 2,858 3,293 1,106 228 621 107 25 118 20,647 30 1905 3,367 3, 902 1,130 189 661 139 22 154 23,706 75 1906 6, 340 5,193 1 , 228 169 1,119 125 47 282 33,107 10 1907 4,475 4,353 1,140 175 848 182 39 136 30,073 20 1908 6,647 4,980 1,416 170 892 162 44 343 37,514 00 1909 6,320 .">, 7 ,">n 1,535 171 1,059 143 108 174 38,071 31 1910...., 6,411 7,688 1,699 206 1,021 118 39 386 42,153 76 1911 7,027 7,091 1,593 213 1,212 149 39 230 43,327 86 1912 9,435 9, 322 1,760 205 2,315 228 15 559 51,043 21 43,061 55 1913 8,4 41 9, 220 1,835 207 1,378 165 57 264 49,409 68 41,251 98 1914 2,190 9,292 1,675 193 1,106 224 24 242 39,599 69 32,840 87 1915 6,815 7,446 1,477 146 1,019 215 27 279 35,653 21 29,645 11 1916 6,822 7,075 1,384 160 840 196 55 333 35,829 21 28,642 81 94 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 V. PUBLIC HEALTH AND QUARANTINE. Perhaps the most noted event during the year from the Public Health standpoint has been the epidemic outbreak of infantile paralysis in the United States, and to a much less extent in Canada. Other infectious diseases have not prevailed to any unusual extent during the year. At the coast quarantine stations on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, 168,857 persons have been inspected. In 1914, the last year before the war, the number was 582,697. The admissions to the quarantine hospitals were 96. In the last year before the war the number was 1,996. In every instance the disease was stamped out at the station, and so prevented from appearing inland. From the middle of August until the end of November the production was required of certain prescribed certificates from all children under sixteen years of age desirous of entry into Canada from the states affected with infantile paralysis, over the inter- national boundary between the Dominion and the United States. Asiatic Cholera. — During the past year this disease has been reported in the following countries: Austria-Hungary, Borneo, Ceylon, China, Egypt, Germany, Greece, India, Indo-China, Japan, Java, Korea, Persia, Philippine Islands, Russia, Siam, Straits Settlements, Turkey in Asia, and Turkey in Europe. On account of the prevalence of cholera in many localities in the Orient, steerage passengers arriving at the British Columbia quarantine station at William Head were subjected to bacteriological examination and were not admitted to entry until it had been determined by such examinations that they were not cholera carriers. By the 24th of February last the threatening had so far passed that such examinations were suspended. Similar action was taken at the same time at the quarantine stations of the contiguous states on the Pacific, Bubonic Plague. — This disease has been reported during the year in the follow- ing countries: Argentina, Azores, Brazil, Ceylon, Chile, China, Ecuador, Egypt, Great Britain, Greece, Hawaii, India, Indo-China, Japan, Java, Mauritius, Persia, Peru, Russia, Straits Settlements, Siam, Union of South Africa, British East Africa. In Great Britain eleven cases of human plague have been reported during the year. Three in Bristol, two in Hull with one death, and six in Liverpool with three deaths. Plague-infected rats have been found in London and in Liverpool during the year. Precautionary measures were taken at our Atlantic ports to prevent the land- ing of rats from vessels arriving. Plague-infected rats have also been found during the year in Hong Kong, Shan hai, and Hawaii ; and at New Orleans, La., and Seattle, Wash., in the United Stat In California, plague continues also amongst the ground squirrels. REPORT OF THE MINISTER 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 In India the following figures give some indication of the ravages of this disease: October 15 to December 23, 1916, cases 89,512, deaths 67,068; December 31, 1916, to January 13, 1917, cases 30,487, deaths 23,53S; January 21 to 27, cases 15,872, deaths 12,783. Smallpox. — This disease has had its usual worldwide prevalence again this year. It has not shown itself at any of my Atlantic stations, owing possibly to the small number of passengers arriving from Europe. It has been brought from the Orient to ihe British Columbia station by two steamships. Typhus Fever. — This disease, one of the oldest diseases of which record can be found, was, up to two years ago, an almost forgotten malady, at any rate as an epi- demic, though always more or less present in many countries where sanitation is back- ward, such as the Balkans, Turkey, Persia, Arabia, China, and most of Asia. Now, however, war conditions have spread the disease through Serbia, and disturbed eco- nomic conditions in Mexico have disseminated the infection far and wide in that country, where it has always been present in a limited or endemic form. Yellow Fever. — The results of the application of the steps to prevent and destroy the mosquito host of the yellow fever germ have reduced this disease to a negligible quantity as far as this continent is concerned. Its principal habitat now seems to be the west coast of Africa. Enteric Fever. — One of the striking things about this war is the triumph of science over this disease. During the Boer war it was stated that one man out of every nine in the British force in South Africa was invalided through this disease. In the Spanish- American war, of 107,000 men in camps, 20,000 contracted the disease. Whilst our own Department of Militia has just announced that during the twelve months ending December 31 last, only 167 cases of typhoid fever occurred amongst the many thousands of men of the Canadian Expeditionary force in Canada. Leprosy. — There are at present in the lazaretto at Tracadie, N.B., thirteen lepers, six males and seven females. This is the smallest number for very many years, and only about half the number present a few years ago. Ten are of French-Canadian origin, one of Icelandic, one of Russian, and one of Assyrian. There were two deaths during the year. No admissions. Amelioration of symp- toms and sufferings continues to be observed under the treatment now being carried out. The two former inmates discharged, apparently cured, in 1912, and the two resi- dents seemingly now free from the disease, remain without any indication of its recurrence. Officers report their high admiration of the continued devotion of the nursing religious sisters in their attendance on the lepers. At the leper lazaretto at Darey Island, B.C., five lepers have been admitted during the year. One, a Japanese, was deported; one, a Russian, was, after three months' observation, released under certain conditions of periodic examination, as not being a menace to the public health; the remaining three, being two Chinese and one Chilean-Kanaka, are still under treatment and care. 96 DEPA R Til EX T OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Beri-beri. — The importance which diet plays in the production, prevention, and treatment of this disease is now generally recognized. When certain substances are lacking, nutrition suffers, and when they are removed disease supervenes. Diseases of this nature have been denominated deficiency diseases, of which one of the most typical would seem to be beri-beri. Anthrax. — A fatal case of this disease was reported on the 8th instant as occurring at Longwood, in the vicinity of Huddersfield, England, in an employee in a woollen mill at that place. The wool originated mostly in the East Indies. A second case occurred on the loth instant. Infantile Paralysis. — In view of the large number of cases of this disease — stated to be 24,000 in all — in the neighbouring States, instructions were issued in August last requiring every person under sixteen years old, desiring to enter Canada over our land frontier, coming from any one of the affected group of states to produce a certificate properly attested, stating that the bearer had not the disease, nor had been in contact with any one who had. This certificate had to be issued not longer than twenty-four hours before departure. This requirement was raised at midnight of November 30 last. Precautions against rats. — Owing to the reported finding of plague-infected rats at Liverpool, it was thought necessary that steps should be taken to prevent the landing of rats from vessels at the Atlantic ports. The precautions are: — The breasting out of the vessel from the pier for not less than six feet. The placing on every hawser between the vessel and the pier of a funnel or disc of metal, not less than three feet in diameter and not more than three feet from the vessel. The reduction of the gangways to a minimum by day and their guarding by quartermasters. At night all gangways to be withdrawn, or if one be essen- tial, that it be lighted as well as guarded. As once a quarantine clearance is given, incoming vessels pass from my jurisdic- tion to that of the Minister of Marine, that department undertook to instruct its harbourmasters at all Atlantic ports to have these precautions enforced. Cerebrospinal Meningitis. — Information was received from the Militia Depart- ment this spring that certain soldiers returning to Canada by way of St. John, N.B., were supposed to have been in contact with cases of cerebro-spinal meningitis before embarking at Liverpool. These men were detained at quarantine for special examina- tion by the bacteriologist there. His report was that the cultures were negative in all cases. Circulars. — Circular letters were issued from time to time to the different officers, drawing their attention to the various matters during the year connected with the appearances and movements of epidemic disease abroad. Public Health Meetings. — During the year the Director-General of Public Health attended the annual meeting of the Canadian Public Health Association for the Pre- vention of Tuberculosis at Quebec in September. REPORT OF THE MINISTER 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Public Works Health Act. — The inspectors report that the year has hern excep tionall.v free from infectious disease amongst the workmen employed in the various works connected with railway construction, canals, and tunnels. They report the medical service as satisfactory, and the sleeping quarters and boarding of the men employed fully equal to the good conditions of previous years. Changes in the Medical Staff. — At Halifax, N.S., Dr. J. V. Graham lias replaced Dr. Blackett as substitute for Dr. V. N. Mackay, overseas. At St. John, N.B., Dr. Heagerty again took winter duty for Dr. Warwick, overseas. At William Head, B.C., the position of assistant medical officer and bacteriologist is at present vacant. A' Prince Rupert. B.C., Dr. John Cade is acting as a substitute for Dr. Tremayne, overseas. The whole respectfully submitted, MARTIN BITRRELL, Minister of Agriculture. 15-7 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 A. 1918 PUBLIC HEALTH REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH. (F. Montizambert, C.M.G., I.S.O., M.D.Edix., F.R.C.S.E., D.C.L.) March 31, 1917. Sir, — I have the honour to submit this my report as Director-General of Public Health for the year ending this day. At your various coast quarantine stations the number of persons inspected, and of persons admitted to your quarantine hospitals continue to show a marked decrease owing to the enormous falling-off in immigration and passenger travel on account of the war. The number of vessels inspected continues to show an increase, in part at least due to the withdrawal for war purposes of large vessels and their replacement by more numerous smaller ones. Along a considerable portion of your frontier international quarantine line precautions have had to be taken against the inroads of Anterior Poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis) which has been present during a part of the year as an epidemic in some of the adjoining states. Asiatic Cholera. — Since my last annual report this disease has been reported in the following countries: Austria-Hungary, Borneo, Ceylon, China, Egypt, Germ- * any, Greece, India, Indo-China, Japan, Java, Korea, Persia, Philippine Islands, Russia, Siam, Straits Settlements, Turkey in Asia, and Turkey in Europe. On account of the prevalence of Cholera in many localities in Asia, steerage passengers arriving at your British Columbia quarantine station at William Head were subjected to bacteriological examination, and were not admitted to entry until it had been determined by such examination that they were not cholera bacillis carriers. This was continued until the 24th of February last. Up to that time 1,087 bacter- iological examinations were made. No cholera carrier was found. At that date the threatening had so far passed that this examination ceased to be necessary, and was consequently suspended. Similar action was taken at the same time at the con- tiguous United States stations. In the British Medical Journal, September 30, 1916, Capt. H. Grame Gibson, R A.M.C.. gives the following account of a new solid medium for the isolation of the cholera vibrio : — Based on the fact that the cholera vibrio alone of all the intestinal organ- isms acidifies starch, the following alkaline medium has been devised for its rapid isolation. Owing to the medium possessing differentiating properties it should be especially useful in the detection of " cholera carriers," as the faeces emulsified in broth can be plated directly on to it. In the case of water examination, after enrichment in peptone water for a few hours, if a drop or two of the pep- tone water is plated a tentative diagnosis can be arrived at in eighteen hours owing to the allied vibrios taking a longer time than the true cholera vibrio to 15— 8 100 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 bring about acid production. The formula is : Agar 30 grams, peptone 10 grams, starch 10 grams, sodium bicarbonate 1.5 grams, litmus (sufficient to colour medium), and water 1,000 c.cm. Weigh out 30 grams of powdered agar and emulsify with 250 c.cm. of cold water. Then weigh out 10 grams of peptone (Chapoteaut and 1.5 grams of sodium bicarbonate. Mix together and emulsify in another 250 c.cm. of cold water. The two emulsions are then mixed in a two-litre flask and another 500 c.cm. of water added. The solution is complete in the steamer. When dis- solved the medium is clarified with white of egg and filtered in the steamer. Weigh out 10 grams of potato starch, emulsify it with some of the filtered agar, and add the emulsion to the remainder of the medium. The whole is sterilized by the fractional method, after which enough sterile watery solution of litmus is added to bring about a blue colour of the medium. The final reaction of the medium will be found to be -2 to phenolphthalein. I tried several degrees of alkalinity and found that 0.15 per cent sodium bicarbonate gave quite the best results. If the plates are examined eighteen hours after inoculation, by looking obliquely through them with a dark background behind, the plate being held parallel to the window, the cholera colonies will be seen to have acquired a faint pink colour, while the colonies of the other intestinal organisms are blue or of a whitish colour. The examination is facilitated by the use of a hand lens. At this time the allied vibrios also produce blue colonies, but at the end of about thirty-six hours they also acidify the medium, though to a less extent than cholera. At the end of twenty-four to thirty-six hours the cholera colonies have attained a delicate pink colour with a faint pink halo round them, while the other colonies still remain blue; also the colonies are of a good workable size to pick off and proceed with the serological tests. After forty-eight hours, if the cholera colonies are in excess and the plate spread somewhat thickly, the medium itself becomes distinctly acid, and colonies other than those of cholera take on the pink tinge. However, the cholera colony even at this time can still be distinguished by the deeper red centre which the other colonies lack. The only other organisms which are known to acidify starch are some of the diphtheroid group and some of the non-pathogenic water vibrios. These should not present any great difficulty, as Gram's stain on the one hand, and the serological test on the other, dispose of these organisms. Experiment 1. — Ten cubic centimeters of broth were inoculated by emulsi- fying some faeces in it. To this was added a very small quantity of a culture of V. cholerae. The tube was well shaken, and 0-25 c.cm. of the broth trans- ferred to a second tube of broth. Two drops of this broth were immediately plated on to the medium, the same rod being successively used for three plates. The first plate was too crowded to be of any use, but the second and third plates gave good discrete colonies, and on these plates the cholera colonies could be recognized in eighteen hours. Every colony on these plates was picked off, and all the pink colonies were proved to be cholera, whilst the blue colonies in every case proved otherwise. Experiment 2. — The first broth tube from the previous experiment was kept at room temperature for two days. At the end of that time 0-25 c.cm. of this broth was added to 10 c.cm. of fresh broth, and a drop of this was immedi- ately plated out as in the first experiment. The plates were rather too thickly spread to give good discrete colonies, but the cholera colonies could be easily detected. These colonies were again tested with cholera immune serum, and' the differentiation proved correct. I'l llUV. II KALI II 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Experiment 8. — This experiment was undertaken to see whether any of the normal water vibrios were capable of acidifying starch. The water was taken from a pond after heavy rain, and was taken straight to the laboratory. Some of the water was first enriched by incubating in peptone water for a few hours. One drop of this peptone water was then plated, and at the end of eighteen hours a few pinkish colonies were present. Some more of the water was plated direct, and in this case it took twenty-four hours before any pinkish colonies appeared. In both cases the pink colonies that were present were of a lighter shade than that which is produced by the cholera vibrio, and I do not think that they are very likely to be confounded with it. In addition, the red centre to the colony that is produced by the cholera vibrio in forty-eight hours was not present in these cases. This organism proved to be a normal vibrio of water.. Other Experiments. — The following organisms were also plated out: B. typhosus, B. paratyphosus A, B. paratyphosus B, coliform organisms, B. dysen- teriae (Shiga and Flexner), B. enteritidis (Gaertner), streptococci, V. Finkler Prior, V. metchniJcovi. In no case did the above organisms acidify the medium, except in the case of the two vibrios, which produce a slight pink halo, but the colonies them- selves, when viewed obliquely, do not become pink until a very much longer time has elapsed than that required to recognize the vibrio of cholera. In a recent number of The American Journal of Tropical Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Allan J. McLaughlin, United States Public Health Service, Commissioner of Health of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, says in speaking of improvement in media : — One other advance in our methods of handling Asiatic cholera suspects has been made by Goldberger, which promises to increase our efficiency in deteetiug Asiatic cholera carriers when making stool examinations on a large scale. There has been no great change in the bacteriologic methods of Asiatic cholera diagnosis in the past ten years, and these methods are based upon the procedure of the German Imperial Health Office. As a time-saving measure, test tubes are used instead of large flasks for the peptone solution. This necessitates that the amount of feces added to the tube must be small, and if the vibrios are very scarce a carrier might be recorded as negative. Large flasks and many platings are impracticable on a large scale where the daily examinations may run in thousands. Goldberger's media permit the planting of relatively large quantities of feces, using the same convenient size of test tubes. Goldberger suggests two enriching solutions, an alkaline egg peptone, and an alkaline meat infusion peptone. The cholera vibrio grows well in both solutions, though less luxuriantly than in ordinary cholera peptone. The multiplication of the ordinary fecal bacteria is markedly restrained, especially the colon bacillus. Goldberger's work shows that in his media the vibrios, if present even in small numbers, will increase and not be overgrown, even after seventy-two hours. Goldberger's media were devised after a careful study and test of the various selective media suggested by Dieudorine, Neufeld and Wiothe, Esch, Pilon, Crenderopoulo and Panayotatou, Krumwiede, Pratt and Grund, Hoff- man and Kutscher, Moldavan and others. 15— 8J 102 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 The addition of Goldberger's media to our equipment should make the passage of an Asiatic cholera carrier through our quarantines still more unlikely. It is true that this medium has not yet been tested in actual field work, but the laboratory tests suggest that it is the most valuable addition to our cholera technic which has been made in recent years. Bubonic Plague. — This disease has been reported during the year in the follow- ing countries: Argentine, Azores, Brazil, Ceylon, Chile, China, Ecuador, Egypt, Great Britain, Greece, Hawaii, India, Indo-China, Japan, Java, Mauritius, Persia, Peru, Russia, Straits Settlements, Siam, Union of South Africa, British East Africa. How plague may be present in rats without making its appearance in man is well illustrated by the experience of the steamship City of Durham. The history of this vessel emphasizes what students of the subject know must be true, namely, that throughout the world there are many ports infected with plague in which the presence of the disease is not known because human cases have either not developed at all or not in sufficient numbers to attract attention. Such ports in turn undoubt- edly serve as foci from which the infection is carried by rats to ships and thus to other ports. The steamship City of Durham arrived at Hongkong August 23, 1916, without cargo, from Shanghai, China, and proceeded at once alongside of a concrete rat-proof wharf. Immediately upon arrival the ship was fumigated with 4 per cent sulphur dioxide. After the fumigation six dead rats were found. Examination of these rats showed that two of them were plague infected. The crew of 66 men were immedi- ately examined and none found sick. The captain stated that no case of human plague had ever occurred aboard his ship. This steamship is engaged in a geneal freight trade between New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and ports in the Far East, including Calcutta, Bombay, Rangoon, Vladivostok, Japan ports, Shanghai, Hongkong, and others. On her last voyage the ship left New York June 17, 1916, calling at Colon, Canal Zone, San Francisco, Muroran, Vladivostok, Shanghai, and Hongkong in the order named. The master of the ship stated that while en route between Colon and San Francisco a member of the crew died of "internal trouble" June 29 and was buried at sea. On previous voyages the ship had been alongside the wharves at Calcutta and Rangoon, but whenever tied to a wharf standard rat guards had always been used on all lines. It was further stated that rats had very seldom been seen on the ship and the master had never known of sick or dead rats being found on the vessel. Great Britain. — Eleven cases of human plague have been reported during the year. Three in Bristol, August 18-31; two in Hull, August 19-31, with one death; and six in Liverpool, Sept. 22-Oct. 6, with three deaths. The Local Board of Health of England and Wales stated that the three cases reported at Bristol occurred in persons connected with a rag factory in that city, and one of the cases at Hull was in a boy who had been at work on the steamship Kench lying at Hull for repairs. The three cases reported at Liverpool on September 22 oc- curred in residents in the stable warehouse district one mile distant from the water- front, and were all in persons of the same family. The last plague-infected rat at Liverpool was reported found during the month of October, 1916. In London during the period from October 5 to November 6, 1916, out of 601 rats examined four were found plague-infected. The last plague-infected rat was found November 6, 1916. Plague-infected rats have also been found during the year in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Hawaii; and in New Orleans and Seattle, Wash., in the United States. The last one at Seattle was reported by Surgeon Lloyd as having been on the 16th of this month at Pike Place market, between Pike and Pine streets-, and was proved posi- tive for plague infection on the 28th instant. PI BLIO II r ILTR 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 In California plague infection continues also amongst the ground-squirrels. For the following summary with relation to places in California T am indebted to the Public Health Reports issued by the United States Public Health Service. Record ok Plague Infection. Places in California. Cities : San Francisco Oakland Berkeley Los Angeles Con tit it's : Almeda (exclusive of Oakland Berkeley). Contra Costa . . Fresno Merced Monterey San Benito San Joaquin Santa Clara San Luis Obispo Santa Cruz Stanislaus San Mateo and Date of Last Case of Human Plague. Jan. 31 >, 1018 Aug. y, 1911 Aug. 28, 1!)07 Aug. 11, 1908 Sept. 24, 1909 July 13,' 1915 None June 4, 1913 Sept. 18, 1911 Aug. 31, 1910 None Date of Last Case of Kat Blague. Oct. 23, 1908. Dec. 1, 1908 None 'Oct. 17, 1909 None Date of Last Case of Squirrel Blague. Aug 21, 1908 June 23, 1910 June 28, Oct. 27, May 12, May 27, July 1, Aug. 20, June 21, Jan. 29, May 30, June 2, June 21, 1910 1911 1910 1910 1910 1911 1910 1910 1910 1911. 1910. Total Number Rodents Found Infect ed since May, 1907. 398 rats. 120 rats. None. 1 squirrel. 293 squirrels ;1 wood rat. 1,029 squirrels. 1 squirrel. 7 squirrels. 38 squirrels. 72 squirrels. 18 squirrels. 32 squirrels. 1 squirrel. 5 squirrels. 18 squirrels. 1 squirrel. 1 Wood rat. The work is being carried on in the following-named counties: Almeda, Contra Costa, Stanislaus, San Benito, Santa Cruz, Monterey, Merced and Santa Clara. Passed Asst. Surg. Williams reported that a squirrel killed March 16, 1917, in San Mateo county, Cal., 2 miles west of San Mateo, was proved positive for plague infection March 29, 1917. In June, 1916, a plague-infected squirrel was shot near Redwood city, San Mateo county. This was the first infected squirrel that had been found in this county. San Mateo county had constituted a presumably uninfected barrier between the city of San Francisco and the territory in which infected squirrels were known to be present. Redwood city, where the first squirrel was found, is 20 miles from San Francisco, while the locality where the second squirrel was found near San Mateo is 10 miles nearer the city. If this indicates that the infection is travelling north in San Mateo county, measures will need to be taken to prevent the further spread to the suburbs of San Francisco and the reinfection of the rats in the city. In South America, Col. D. C. Howard, Chief Health Officer, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone, states: — Bubonic plague has shown no decrease in its distribution in South America during the year of this report, but on the contrary has probably extended to localities previously considered non-infected or at most only in the suspicious class. One marked increase of this disease occurred in the vicinity of Paita, Peru, and an extension of the disease northward from Guayaquil, Ecuador, has taken place, involving the country districts in the vicinity of Manta and Bahia, Ecuador, these ports are a relatively short distance below the Colombian border and the prevalence of plague in these vicinities can only mean an extension of the disease northward and closer toward zone ports. In view of the fact that plague is so generally distributed, along the west coast of South America 104 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 particularly, we have endeavoured to tighten and improve our anti-plague measures with reference to the ships in zone ports. Our local measures of breasting off, rat guarding, raising of gangways at night, fumigation, etc., have been watched very closely because the potential danger to the zone from the standpoint of rat introduction is much greater than through the agencies of human transmission. To this end mechanical cleanliness and improved sani- tary conditions aboard ship have received careful attention, and the value of all these measures emphasized to the local shipping interests. In India the following figures give some indication of the ravages of plague: October 15 to December 23, 1916, cases 89,512, deaths 67,068; December 31, 1916, to January 13, 1917, cases 30,487, deaths 23,538; January 21 to 27, cases 15,872, deaths 12,783. Smallpox. — This disease has had its worldwide prevalence again this year. It has not shown itself at any of your Atlantic ports of entry, possibly from the small number of passengers arriving. It has been brought from the Orient to your William Head, B.C., station. In a speech made by Socialist Deputy Hoffmann in the Reich- stag, March 22, he is said to have stated that there are 30,000 cases of smallpox in Germany and that the disease is spreading rapidly. This report, which has been repeated by newspapers in Austria, has been denied by the German authorities, who admit that there have been 135 cases of smallpox in Berlin alone, with eleven deaths. Typhus Fever. — With regard to this disease the Medical Record says: — Typhus fever, one of the oldest diseases of which record can be found, was up to two years ago an almost forgotten malady, at any rate, as an epidemic True, in many countries, in which sanitation was backward, and especially ' where domestic hygiene was lacking, typhus was endemic, and, as First-Lieut. Horace C. Hall points out in the Military Surgeon, November, 1916, in the Balkans, Turkey, Persia, Arabia, China, and in Asia generally typhus has been endemic since the earliest of folk-lore legends. And within the past three centuries, along lines of commercial intercourse and travel, the disease has become largely endemic in Bussia, Poland, Austria, Germany, and Latin America. But, as said before, there has been no serious epidemic of typhus fever until war conditions spread the disease through Serbia, and disturbed economic conditions in Mexico disseminated the infection far and wide in that country. It is a disease which is spread by neglect of proper sanitary pre- cautions and conditions favourable to vermin also favour the spread of typhus, in fact, it has been demonstrated that the disease may be transmitted from man to monkey and therefore presumably from man to man by means of the com- mon body louse. While admitting that the body louse does convey the infec- tion and that the head louse and bedbug may be regarded as suspicious con- veyers, Hall thinks that it has not been conclusively proven that vermin are the only means of conveying the disease. The predisposing causes of typhus are famine, filth, overcrowding, and conditions favourable for the thriving of vermin. The main means of prevention are to find and kill the lice and bugs, a difficult task indeed when dealing with a primitive and dirty people such as the Mexican peons, the class of individuals among whom Hall gained his experience. With regard to treatment it was found that immunizing vaccine, so far available, had not' been of any material service. Hall controls the fever with baths, the delirium with bromides and an ice-cap, and gives egg albumen in water, even though it has to be placed in the stomach through a tube passed through the nose. He gives large broken doses of calomel, followed by mag- PL bLJC HEA LTH 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 nesium sulphate and high cnemata which are left in as long as possible. If the urine is scanty, these enemata are of physiological salt solution. He begins the strychnine as a matter of routine, to combat the muscular weakness which is certain to follow. , An ice-cap is kept on the patient's head and he is bathed not oftener than four times within the twenty-four hours. When the crisis is approaching Hall gives hypodermic injections of camphor in oil, alternated with spartein sulphate, to tide over the period. The only specific complication noticed by this observer is that of gangrene of the leg, most commonly the left, below the seat of election for amputation just below the knee It is a dry gangrene, extremely painful and slow to show the line of demarcation. In 95 per cent of such cases it is best to amputate, as soon as the line of demarcation is indicated. Hall remarks that in 25 per cent of the educated, high-strung civilized American patients he has treated for this disease he has observed a form of toxic insanity complicating the final outcome of the cases. This is due, no doubt, to the continued high fever and severe toxic poisoning. This insanity is not transitory, that is to say, that while within a few weeks the reasoning power returns to neai'ly normal, there remains a mild delusional insanity for a considerable period. The Medical Journal states : — Naturally the occurrence of typhus fever on a large scale in some of the countries engaged in war has aroused much interest in the cause and preven- tion of this disease. Most physicians are familiar with the measures used for preventing typhus infection by .destruction of the body louse. At this time attention is directed to observations bearing directly on the primary cause of typhus fever. Some time ago Plotz described a bacillus, B. typhi-exanthematici, which he cultivated from the blood of a patient with the mild form of typhus — Brill's disease — occurring in New York, and also from the blood of immigrants with typical epidemic typhus. Now the bacteriologic study of the blood has been extended to the disease as it occurs in the Balkans and Russia, as well as in Mexico, blood cultures on typhus patients in these countries in a large per- centage of cases revealing the presence of B. typhi-exanthematici. In Mexico, Olitsky, Denzer and Husk obtained the bacillus in most of the cases studied, the bacilli being most numerous in the early stages of the attack and in the most severe forms of the disease. They found the blood of the typhus patients whom they studied to be infectious for guinea pigs, and recovered the bacillus from the spleen of guinea-pigs infected with typhus blood or by means of lice from typhus patients. They also assert that they have obtained the bacillus from lice from typhus patients; but when so isolated the bacillus is gram-negative, becoming, however, gram-positive on subculture. Baehr and Plotz, who made the investigations in the Balkans and Russia, obtained cultures of the bacillus from the blood in nineteen of forty patients in Serbia and Bul- garia, while in Russia and Galicia, where the conditions were more favourable, the cultures were positive in nineteen of twenty-four cases. They were able to show that the bacillus is present in the blood during the entire course of the fever from the first day on, and that the more severe the disease the more marked the bacteremia. In two cases in which cultures were made during the initial chill, the blood contained enormous numbers of bacilli; in one case ninety-one colonies developed to each cubic centimetre of blood inoculated. The results obtained so far from blood cultures show, then, that the bacillus described by Plotz appears to be present in the blood in the febrile period of typhus fever as it occurs in the United States (Brill's disease and epidemic typhus), Mexico, Serbia, Bulgaria, Austria and Russia, and certainly the intimate association of this bacillus with typhus fever would seem to be estab- 106 DEPARTMENT OF AGftli I LTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 lished clearly enough. It is a matter of regret, however, that, owing to the prevailing conditions in the countries in which the disease now is epidemic, it has not been possible to carry on still more extended investigations on this important bacillus, more particularly in the line of prophylactic inoculations, which, so far as the results at hand appear to indicate, may be of great value. The agglutinius for B. typhi-exanthematici first appear at about the time of the crisis and describe a typical immunity curve. An exceedingly interesting development in the typhus work is the demon- stration of Prowazek, Eocha-Lima, and Toepfer and Schussler that lice which have bitten typhus patients in the febrile stages of the attack contain large numbers of peculiar minute bodies, especially in the epithelial cells of the diges- tive tract. In Giemsa preparations these bodies are reddish, short, elliptic and coccus-like, sometimes with polar staining. It may be recalled that Ricketts and Wilder also described rods with polar bodies in lice infected with typhus fever, and Rocha-Lima has given these bodies the designation Rickettsia prowazeki. So far these bodies have been found only in lice which have been picked up from typhus fever patients or from their clothes or from other sources, and placed on typhus fever patients and allowed to bite them. Early in the attack there are only a few infected lice found on the typhus patient under natural conditions, but as the attack progresses the number increases and in the early stages of convalescence most of the lice found are said to contain the bodies. Experiments appear to show practically the same conditions; that is to say, early in the disease the lice must be left in contact with the patient longer before the bodies develop to any extent; but toward the ninth day or so, only a short time, even a single bite suffices. When convalescence has set in it is impossible to secure the development of the bodies by letting lice bite the patients. As stated, the bodies are absent in lice obtained from healthy persons and from persons suffering with diseases other than typhus fever; hence the presence of such bodies in a number of lice obtained in suspected cases of typhus fever is said to be sufficient to make the diagnosis of typhus. Teofer and Schussler state that abortive cases of typhus fever give rise to a rich development of Rickettsia in lice. Lice containing them are infectious for guinea pigs; that is to say, when guinea pigs are injected with suspensions of crushed bodies of such lice, they develop the febrile reaction which is regarded as characteristic of typhus infection in guinea pigs. Rocha-Lima was unable to obtain growths of the bodies in the mediums employed by Plotz to grow B. typhi-exanthematici, and he also found only a superficial similarity between the Plotz bacillus and Rickettsia, the bacillus being larger and gram- positive, whereas the bodies are gram-negative; but Baehr and Plotz appear to regard the bodies as identical with the bacillus, and Olitsky, Denzer and Husk report the successful isolation of the Plotz bacillus from typhus lice. Nicolle is an investigator of typhus fever who holds that we are still ignorant of the actual cause of the disease. In his experimental work he employs what he calls typhus virus, by which is meant virulent emulsions of the spleen and other organs of typhus-infected guinea pigs. His most recent work deals with the production of an antityphus serum. The serum from typhus convalescents having been found to possess specific preventive properties, he assumed that the typhus virus serve as antigen. Accordingly, asses were injected intravenously with emulsions of leukocytes of infected guinea pigs, and then many times with emulsions of spleen. The serum was found to acquire antityphus properties, being preventive as well as curative in guinea pigs, and the Tunisian investigators even claim that the serum has given favourable results in human-typhus, the death rate in a series )f serum-treated cases being much reduced as compared with the ordinary death rate. By means PUBLIC HEALTH 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 of suitable immunity tests, Nicolle shows that Algerian, Moroccan and Balkan typhus viruses appear to be identical. These apparently significant results are not of necessity inconsistent with the view that the bacillus described by Plotz is the cause of typhus, as this bacillus has been found in the blood and organs of guinea pigs infected with typhus and consequently may have been the actual agent of immunization. If that is the case, immunization with the bacillus itself should give the same or even better results. At all events, it is clear enough that still further work will be required to settle all the ques- tions as to the causation of typhus, even though great progress has been made. Soldiers of the Turkish army in Syria are dying from typhus at the rate of 1,000 a day, according to a despatch from the country forwarded through Port Said and given out by the American committee for Armenian and Syrian relief. In addition to the famine from which the people of Syria are long reported to have been suffering, epidemics of both typhus fever and cholera are sweeping over that country, the despatch says. Outbreaks of typhus fever in Germany have occasioned fresh attempts to be made to discover the micro-organism of this disease. Bofinger has figured appearances in the red blood corpuscles, which bear a very close resemblance to Seidelin's " bodies " in yellow fever; in view of the findings in the third report of the Yellow Fever Com- mission (West Africa) these objects may safely be excluded as bearing any causal relation to the diseases under consideration. Goldenstein, when investigating an epidemic due to Macedonian prisoners of war at Sofia, obtained a motile bacillus in pure culture from the blood of thirteen out of twenty-four patients during life. Unlike the organism of Plotz, it grows under aerobic conditions. It is a very short diplo- bacillus, and on agar forms small dry scale-like colonies of yellowish colour. On sub- culture a more definitely bacillary form is assumed, and the colonies become softer in consistency; it reacts negatively to Gram's stain. Gelatine is not liquefied. The serum of patients with fully developed typhus fever agglutinated this organism by the hanging drop method in dilutions varying from 1 in 50 up to 1 in 1,600 in one case. Injection of cultures into guinea-pigs caused only the unsatisfactory phenomenon of fever, which lasted for five to ten days and then disappeared. The author himself preserves an open mind as to whether he has found the true causal agent. Though the transmission of typhus by lice is generally accepted as proved, yet the disease has been acquired under conditions in which there was no intimate contact with patients and the mode of passage of the sluggish louse from the infected to the healthy individual appeared inapplicable. Schilling, finding that Turkish officers entertained the belief that lice could be borne through the air for a considerable distance, tested this belief by an experiment which consisted of standing in a moderate wind a short distance to leeward of infested men who had stripped. Small lice, measur- ing about one-twelfth of an inch, appeared on the outer surface of the clothing of the observers, and it was concluded that they had been detached and carried along by the wind. The adult louse is usually anchored to the under surface of the shirt, but young lice are more active and would therefore be the more readily detached. The observa- tion, if confirmed, may help to clear up some difficulties in explaining the spread of typhus fever in certain circumstances. Yellow Fever. — The British Medical Journal speaking of the Yellow Fever Com- mission appointed by the Colonial Office, says: — A series of reports on questions connected with the investigation of non- malarial fevers in West Africa, instituted by the Yellow Fever Commission recently appointed by the Colonial Office, have been published as supplements of the Yellow Fever Bureau Bulletin. They form two bulky volumes, of which the first has 7 plates, 9 plans and maps, and 128 charts, the total number of 108 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GE97.GE V. A. 1918 pages being 352. Volume II has 12 plates, 1 map, 107 charts, and contains 400 pages. It is thus evident that an enormous mass of material has been col- lected, and Sir James Kingston Fowler in his preface states that ''whilst accepting no responsibility for the views expressed in these reports, the Commission are of opinion that the results of these researches, conducted, as many have been, in the face of very great difficulties, should be placed on record, not only tc commemorate the painstaking efforts of the investigators concerned, but also because they may prove useful as a basis for criticism and discussion, and may thus assist in the solution of the problems which still confront those whose administrative duties bring them into contact with yellow fever." The recent history of yellow fever in "West Africa is interesting. The late Sir Rubert Boyce, it will be remembered, some years ago propounded the theory that yellow fever was universally endemic all over the West Coast of Africa. If he had said that it prevailed endemically in certain areas, probably no one would have seriously disagreed with him, but the assertion of its universality was severely criticised. In many ways, however, these present reports are a result of Boyce's views. They bring out the fact — a fact, however, not seriously disputed before — that epidemics of yellow fever do from time to time occur in West Africa, the origin of which cannot be traced to importation from other parts of the world. The disease can, then, be spoken of as being endemic in West Africa, or at least in parts of it. Yet another point brought out is the difficulty of diagnosing yellow fever, not only clinically, but even in some instances pathologically after death. The parasite of yellow fever is still unknown ; there is therefore no single definite test by which it can be established that any individual case is or is not one of yellow fever. Mild atypical cases are notoriously difficult of diagnosis, and as those who thus suffer do not die, it is not possible to be absolutely certain the attack was one of yellow fever. This is a point in connection with which much work remains to be done. It is, of course, right to state that Seidelin, one of the commissioners' investigators, claims that he has discovered the parasite of yellow fever, and the open-minded attitude the commission takes is shown by the fact that papers for and against that view appear side by side in the second volume of these reports. The destructive criticism of Seidelin's views con- tained in a recent paper by Wenyon and Low finds support in papers by David Thompson and Lieutenant-Colonel Harvey, and it seems probable that the sug- gestion that the paraplasma is the parasite of yellow fever will not survive. In that case much of the matter in Volume II will have no permanent value, as, for instance, the chapters on experimental yellow fever in laboratory animals, reports on the transmission of Paraplasma flavigenum, and the report on some histological lesions observed in laboratory animals infected with yellow fever. Apart from these criticisms, many of the other reports are very valuable, and show evidence of careful and painstaking work. Lieutenant-Colonel Statham's conclusions on page 386 should be carefully noted by future investigators of the disease in West Africa. The pendulum has swung to the other side, and, as he states, fever with transient albuminuria is now considered highly sus- picious of yellow fever. Albuminuria, however, is common not only in some of the types of malaria, but also equally in many other conditions, so that too much stress must not be laid on the symptom. Dr. Wyler's and Dr. Leonard's reports give a good idea of the yellow fever cases observed in Lagos during 1913 and the beginning of 1914. No one who has seen yellow fever in the West Indies and South America can read these reports without being convinced of the correctness of the diagnosis. Some of the cases which showed malarial parasites in the blood — notably, for example, Case 26, p. 270 — might be ques- tioned, hut about the majority there is not the slightest doubt. The only point PUBLIC HEALTH 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 lacking in the reports of the cases is the absence of careful blood counts per cubic millimetre and differentially. It is a pity that so good a chance was lost. The volumes as a whole, then, form a valuable contribution to our knowl- edge of yellow fever, and they will no doubt give rise to criticism and discussion. One word of warning to those who administer the West Coast colonies — Stegomyia fasciaia, the carrier of yellow fever, seems to be as prevalent as ever in many parts of the coast. Now is the time to act against it. To wait until another epidemic appears will be too late. To be forewarned is to be fore- armed; remove the intermediary and there will be no further trouble with the disease it carries. The examples of Cuba, Panama, Colon, and Rio point the way. Enteric Fever. — The Department of Militia and Defence have just announced that for the twelve months ending December 31, 1916, only 167 cases of typhoid fever were reported as having occurred amongst the many thousands of men of the Cana- dian Expeditionary Force in Canada, notwithstanding the fact that typhoid fever is endemic in all parts of Canada, and is a disease especially affecting young adults from IT to 30 years of age. This comparative freedom on the part of the Canadian Expeditionary Force is seen to be most striking when it is recalled that during the Boer war one man out of every nine in the British forces in South Africa was invalided through this disease, and that in the Spanish- American war, of 107,000 men in the camps at Tampa, Florida, and elsewhere, who had not left the shores of the United States, 20,000 contracted the disease. The remarkable change can only be attributed to inoculation. The Provincial Board of Health for Ontario has supplied to date all the typhoid and paratyphoid vaccine used by the entire Canadian Expeditionary Force (about 450,000 men). In all, nearly 600,000 doses have been supplied free of cost. At the German Congress of International Medicine, which has been in session at Warsaw, Surgeon-General Huenermann reported that in the worst typhoid month (December, 1914), since the war began the number of typhoid cases in the German army was only one-fourteenth as many as in the worst month of the Franco-Prussian War, when the total number of German troops in the field was far smaller than now. The use of the Pfeiffer-Kolle anti-typhoid vaccine, which is now in general use, has, he said, been given in millions of instances without any serious consequences, and it was due to this vaccine that such a wonderful reduction of typhoid fever cases has been brought about. To quote an extract from the London Times' report of the speech in the House of Commons on March 1 of Mr. H. W. Forster, financial secretary to the War Office : — Nothing in the war was more striking than the triumph of science over disease. One of the most remarkable phenomena was the almost total disap- pearance of enteric fever, the dread scourge which in former wars had deci- mated our armies even more effectually than the efforts of the enemy. That was the more surprising when one considered the vast numbers of men, their density on the ground, and the poisoned condition of the soil, especially in France. The last weekly returns of the number in hospitals suffering from typhoid fever were: France, four cases; Saloniki, nine; Egypt, three; Mesopotamia, eight; total, 24. The fever among British troops in France up to November 1 last year was 1,6S4; para typhoid 2,534 and indefinite cases 353, a total of 4.574. In the South African war nearly 60,000 cases were admitted to hospital, and there were 8,227 deaths. Thus several times as many died from this disease in South Africa as there were cases in France up to November 1 last. The admission ratio of typhoid fever among the troops in France who had not been protected by inoculation was fifteen times higher than amongst those who had been inoculated and the death ratio was seventy times higher. 110 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Leprosy. — There are at present in your lazaretto at Tracadie, N.B., thirteen leper patients, six males and seven females. This is the smallest number for many years past. There were two deaths during the year. There were not any admissions. Ten are of French-Canadian origin, one of Icelandic, one of Russian, and one of Assyrian. The Medical Superintendent, Dr. Langis, reports in part as follows: It is now six months since we resumed the treatment by means of intramuscular injections of chaulmoogra oil, combined with camphor and resorcin. We inject 5 c.c of this compound once a week. The good results obtained at the San Lazaro Leper Hospital, Manila, and elsewhere, by administering the oil with the hypodermic syringe, these last three or four years, decided five of our patients to submit to the objectionable pain caused by the needle. It is sore, especially the young ones find it so, but the good derived from it more than compensates the suffering, which generally does not last long. There have been no inflammatory processes following these injections. The inmates taking advantage of this treatment from the very first experienced some relief, and if they continue a few months longer we hope to find them greatly improved. To this date, with two female patients, thirteen and nineteen years old, the youngest has improved the most. The few nodules on her face are disappearing; also the characteristic macules and infiltrated patches on her body. The other is an advanced case, but with her so far the improvement is remarkable. With the other women, one a tubercular, the other a mixed type of leprosy, the disease is not progressing. Results obtained so far are encouraging. The fifth case, a male, suffered with keratites, but the opacity on the cornea is slowly disappearing. The evidence in favour of chaulmoogra oil so administered is well demonstrated in our small colony by comparing almost similar cases of the disease who obstinately refuse the injections. They are complaining and getting worse every day. the disease with them is fast progressing. The medical superintendent of the Lazaretto writes : " I wish to express my deep appreciation of the good sisters for their unfailing assistance and co-operation. The sublime service rendered by them to our unfortunate lepers especially during the last and most trying stage of the disease, cannot be given in words to do them justice." To this I desire to add my tribute of praise and appreciation. Nothing could be nobler than the self-effacing devotion exhibited in their attendance on the lepers, evidently from the highest possible sense of religious duty. In the United States in 1915, special blanks sent to the health departments of states and to cities having a population of over 10,000 at the time of the 1910 census asking for information regarding the known occurrence of leprosy in their respective jurisdictions during the calendar year 1915. The following table gives the informa- tion furnished in the blanks returned. It is probable that there were a few known cases in cities from which no reports were received. Undoubtedly there were also a number of cases which were not reported because their existence was unknown to the health departments. /•/ BLIC HEALTH 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Keports of Leprosy, by States, for 1915. i The health officer estimates at least If J»Be8 ™ .*£*jSS« sense, all, because we advise how these e^atf^^^^ °< h m~ °" case is isolated on a county poor farm. » Patient died Octobei 7, 1915- ' Ite cates at Diamond Head, not under State control. 112 D E PA It T .1/ E V T OF AG 11 1 CULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 A French historian in connection with the introduction of the alleged cure for tuberculosis by Dr. Friedmann a few years ago, calls attention to the little-known fact that the medicinal use of the sea turtle is by no means of recent date. On July 8, 14S3, King Louis XI of France sent George the Greek, master mariner, to the Cape Verde islands to seek "various things touching nearly to the well-being and health of our person." The Cape Yerde islanders had the reputation of possessing a cure of leprosy, a report of which had been brought back to France by a traveller from the coast of Guinea at about the time King Louis was in declining health. According to the recital of this traveller, the big sea turtles were caught by the islanders when they came out on the beach at low tide to feed. They were at once killed and their blood caught in large tubs. Persons afflicted with leprosy bathed in the blood and afterwards ate of the turtles' flesh. This treatment was kept up for two years, at the end of which time the patients were usually completely cured of the dread- ful disease. This record would tend to show that Louis XI was a leper. That such was the case had been rumoured by chroniclers, but the reason of the expedition to the Cape Verde islands, now published for the first time, throws much light on the psychology of Louis XI, his ill-humour and his sedulous avoidance of mankind during the last days of his life. The wretched man evidently believed himself smitten with leprosy. He was, however, never fated to test the efficacy of the sea turtle remedy for he died August 30, 1483, before the return of the expedition. In the British Medical Journal, October 21 last, Sir Leonard Rogers, Professor of Pathology, Calcutta, inserts a preliminary note on the intravenous injection of gynocardate of soda in leprosy. He writes as follows: — In a recent paper I recorded a long experience of gynocardates by the mouth, and six months' use of solutions injected subcutaneously in the treatment of leprosy, and stated that this line of treatment had given greater improvement in my hands than any other. I find from my correspondence that as early as July, 1912, I inquired from a leading firm of manufacturing chemists if they could supply me with a soluble form of gynocardic acid or magnesium gynocardate suitable for hypodermic injection, but received a reply in the negative. In my recent paper I regarded gynocardic acid and chaulmoogric acid as synonymous on the strength of the following statement in the last (1915) edition of Martin- dale and Westcott's Extra Pharmacopoeia: " Chaulmoogra oil contains a quan- tity of palmitic acid, with three other fatty acids; of these the so-called gyno- cardic acid (chaulmoogric acid) is supposed to be the active ingredient." Dr. Pyman has kindly informed me that this view is erroneous, as the work of Moss, and subsequently of Power and Gornall, showed that, on fractionizat- ing the total fatty acids of chaulmoogra oil, those with the higher melting points, including palmitic and chaulmoogric acids, the sodium salts of which are very sparingly soluble in water, first separate, while Moss gave the name of gyno- cardic acid to the residual acids with low melting point of about 29° O, the sodium salts of which are freely soluble in water. According to Power and Gornall, Moss's gynocardic acid is not an individual substance, but is composed of a number of fatty acids with different melting points. What I have used, then, for hypodermic injection in leprosy are the soluble soaps of lower melting point, fatty acids of chaulmoogra oil, which, following Moss, are rightly designated gynocardic acid, and which give the characteristic reddish-brown colour changing to olive green, with strong sulphuric acid. By further fractionization, several acids with different melting points can be separated, which may conveniently be called fractions B, C, etc. During the present year I have been isolating and investigating these with the help of Dr. Sudhamoy Ghose, D.Sc.Edin., working in the laboratory of Professor Rai Chuni PI BLIC HEALTH 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Lai Bose Bahadur, and aided by a grant from the Indian Medical Research Fund, obtained though the kindness of Sir Pardey Lukis, Director-General Indian Medical Service, to each of whom I desire to express my thanks. I have now discovered that the sodium salts of the lower melting point fatty acids can be safely given intravenously in animals in relatively very large doses, and I have already used them intravenously in some twenty well- marked leprosy cases during the last six weeks, with results which clearly show the intravenous route to present important advantages over the subcu- taneous one. I therefore propose in the present paper to place on record briefly my methods so as to allow others to test them in this distressing and widely prevalent disease. I should mention that M. Vahram has recently recorded cases of leprosy treated by subcutaneous and intravenous injections of a suspension of a dried and pulverized mixture of chaulmoogra oil and gum arabic, the dose of the oil having been only from Vioo to %o of a grain; yet two cases were reported as improved after some thirty injections. I find the sodium gyno- cardate I have been using is two hundred times less toxic for rabbits than his insoluble dried chaulmoogra oil, while my preparations have the immense advantages of being freely soluble in water, being, indeed, just the form of substance in which fats are normally absorbed from the digestive canal through the blood vessels, so the soluble gynocardates appear to possess manifest advantages over Vahram's insoluble suspension of dried chaulmoogra oil, which was fatal to rabbits in the small doses of 0-0004 gram per kilo. These substances may be prepared either from the cold-drawn chaulmoogra oil, or, as I pointed out in my former paper, from the buttery substance obtained by further compression of the seed of Taraktogenos kurzii (products of which alone are dealt with in this paper, although hydrocarpus oils are also being investigated, but the soluble sodium soaps of which have been found to be more irritating when injected subcutaneously than those of Taraktogenos kurzii) with the aid of heat obtained by steam circulating around the compres- sion chamber. Hitherto this product has been regarded as a waste product, although I have found it to contain a large proportion of the active substances of the oil. Briefly, the method of preparation is to saponify the oil or butter with caustic potash and absolute alcohol, the soaps thus obtained being converted into fatty acids by means of sulphuric acid. These fatty acids are dissolved in hot alcohol and separated into fractions with varying melting points by gradual cooling and removal of the acids, which solidify at differing degrees. The fractions thus obtained may be further purified by dissolving in ether and recovering again by evaporating off the solvent, by which means they are rendered somewhat less irritating when the sodium salts are injected subcu- taneously, for which purpose they must be neutralized accurately with the aid of phenol-phthalein. When about two-thirds of the fatty acids have thus been separated the residual third, which is liquid at room temperature in Calcutta (about 28° C), is obtained by distilling off the alcohol, and may be previously termed gynocardic acid C. Of the first separated two-thirds those with the higher melting points of from 43° to 40-8° C. form sodium soaps which are insoluble, or only slightly soluble in water, and may be termed fraction A. They include palmitic and chaulmoogric acids, and are unsuited for either hypodermic or intravenous use, while it is very doubtful if they are of any value internally. They constitute about half of the total fatty acids. The remaining acids of this two-thirds have melting points from 37° to 40° C. and form sodium soaps which are freely soluble in water and may be termed gyno- cardic acid B. A still larger number of fractions may be separated out if desired, as we have recently done. The best product for clinical use which we have yet obtained was got by extracting finely divided and dried Taraktogenos 114 DEPAR1 VENT OF AQRICI LTl RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 seeds with ether and subsequent fractionization as above. The sodium soaps of fractions B and C mixed together caused very little local irritation when injected subcutaneously, while the observations on intravenous injections recorded later in this paper are mainly based on the use of this pro- duct, which clearly contains all the lower melting point acids of both the cold compressed oil and the butter obtained by further compression of the seeds with heat. It will be referred to as fractions B and C of the whole seed. First, with regard to the further progress of the three cases described in my first paper. Case 1 has not been seen again, but I have received reports that the satisfactory condition recorded previously is maintained. Case 2 wrote to me several months after his return to Europe that a leading British authority had declared him to be free from all active signs of the disease, so he may be regarded as apparently cured, although a longer period must elapse before it will be evident if the recovery will be permanent. Case 3 is still under observa- tion, although she has only been able to attend very irregularly for the injec- tions. After a month's absence she returned with slight recrudescence of the macular patches, but improved again with further treatment, but is still not clear of the disease, having given the method no fair trial. I have now just completed a year's experience of the subcutaneous method, but owing to my cases having been, with one exception, entirely out-patients or very advanced cases in a leper asylum, and to the earlier preparations in par- ticular having given rise to considerable local pain and induration, only one patient has been under observation for the full period of a year, and eight more have been under regular treatment for six months and over. Five of the cases were of the anaesthetic type and four tubercular. The former includes the patient who has been under observation for a full year, and at the end of eight months all the light patches had disappeared and sensation had returned to them, which was complete except in the largest patch, where there is still slight loss of response to a light touch. An ulcer early healed, and he has regained power in one foot which previously showed foot-drop. During the last four months he has only received occasional injections, so as to keep him under observation, and he continues free from symptoms and appears to be practically cured. Two other cases in which the hands were affected have nearly regained the lost anaesthesia and some power, and continue to improve steadily. The fourth case showed typical claw hands, with great loss of sensation and power, and also foot-drop, as well as anaesthetic patches on the face and neck. After six months' treatment he has regained nearly all the lost sensation, except in one hand, where it is partially restored, and much of the power, being able to shave himself with a razor, and his case is most promising. The fifth anaes- thetic patient improved so much that after eight months he considered himself cured and went to his country against advice. He returned after four months with some return of anaesthesia and is improving again under the intravenous treatment. The results, then, in the anaesthetic cases may be regarded as very promising. Of the four tubercular cases one advanced case in a boy has been under treatment for ten months, during which greatly thickened and nodular ears have become smooth, and his face is now normal. Very few broken down bacilli could be found at the last microscopical examination, and he appears to be nearly free from the disease, the improvement having been most remark- able. The second case showed a number of tubercles on the chin and nose, up to half an inch in diameter, being the most advanced case I have ever seen. Here again the improvement after eight months has been great, although numerous bacilli can still be found, and progress is slow. It has been more rapid since intravenous injections have been given. Two other cases with well PUBLIC III. A LI II 115 ESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 marked facial affection have also greatly improved after seven and eight months' treatment respectively, but are still not well. In addition, an earlier case with affection of the face, and hard nodes on the arms containing numerous bacilli at first, after treatment for four months has lost nearly all his lesions, and no leprosy bacilli could be found in the remains of a node recently examined, so in this case the outlook is very hopeful. On the whole the tubercular cases have responded rather more slowly to the treatment than the anaesthetic ones, while I have noticed that there is greater local pain and induration at the sites of the injections in the former class. It is not improbable that intramuscular injections of sodium gynocardate would be more rapidly absorbed and more effective than subcutaneous ones, but I have not yet tested this point. Dr. Victor G. Heiser obtained his very favourable results in leprosy by intra- muscular injections of chaulmoogra oil combined with camphorated oil and resorcin. In the case of pigeons the minimal lethal dose of a 2 or 3 per cent solution of fractions B and C was 0-045 gram per kilo. Of fraction B it was 0 04 and of fraction C 0-06 per kilo., so the sodium soaps of the lower melting point acids are less toxic for pigeons than the lighter melting point ones ; 4 and 5 per cent solutions are more toxic for pigeons than 2 and 3 per cent ones containing the same amount of the drug. In the case of rabbits, 0-1 gram per kilo, in a 3 per cent solution proved fatal, but 0-075 produced no effect, although it is equivalent to 78 grains in a man of 80 kilos., showing the very slight toxicity of the drug even intravenously. Lieutenant-Colonel W. D. Sutherland, I. M.S., Imperial Serologist, has very kindly tested the haemolytic action of sodium gynocardate, and he informs me that it produces a slight and interesting type of haemolysis, but one which is negligible from the practical point of view. When death takes place in pigeons it occurs within one to four minutes with convulsions. If this period is survived vomiting often occurs, but is followed by recovery. When over 1 grain had been given without any harm in rabbits of 1-500 grams, equivalent to over 50 grains in a man of 70 kilos., I felt justi- fied in trying the drug intravenously in leprosy cases, beginning with one- tenth of a grain, and increasing by one-tenth at each successive dose, using a 2 per cent solution, and have already given up to four-fifths of a grain with no immediate effect, or any sign of toxic influence, apart from the local reac- tions and fever to be described later, and rarely some headache. A 2 or 3 per cent solution may be made in distilled water (or normal saline), and after sterilization in an autoclave \ per cent carbolic acid is added. For intravenous use the solution should be quite clear, and if any precipitate forms it should be filtered and resterilized. The veins in the forearm are dis- tended by stretching a stout piece of rubber tubing around the upper arm, one end being put through a loop under the other, so that it can be rapidly loosened by pulling out the loop. If the veins are very small the air bag of a sphyg- momanometer may be used and pumped as tight as necessary to fully distend the veins. The selected vein is punctured through the skin of the forearm or hand with a fine sharp needle, and, if there is any doubt about the vessel hav- ing been entered, a drop of blood may be drawn up in the syringe, and the whole quickly injected before clotting can take place. The pressure hand may now be released, the needle withdrawn, and collodion applied on cotton wool. Little or no irritation results if some of 2 per cent solution escapes into the tissues around the vein, so the same vessel may be used repeatedly. The two great advantages of the intravenous over the subcutaneous method are its painlessness and greater efficiency. As nearly all my cases are Indian out-patients, over whom there is no control, some of them ceased to attend long before any material result could be expected from the subcutaneous injec- 15—9 116 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 tion on account of the pain and induration at the seat of injection. Since the intravenous route has heen used no such disappointments have been experienced. Of much greater importance is the more rapid improvement which has been observed to follow the intravenous injections, which is already clearly evident. Several months are required to produce any decided improvement by the sub- cutaneous method, while, especially in tubercular cases, the progress is apt to be disappointingly slow even after it has started. It is far too early to say what will be the ultimate results of the intravenous medication, but my present experience is decidedly encouraging. The most striking result is the occurrence of definite local reactions in the diseased tissues, sometimes accompanied by fever, which has been seen in several cases after from two-fifths to three-fifths of a grain of sodium gyuo- cardate intravenously, of a degree that I have not seen occur after subcutaneous injections, although Dr. Heiser has recorded some local reaction after intra- muscular injections of chaulmoogra oil, and I have seen more rapid improve- ment of lesions in whose neighbourhood the subcutaneous injections of gyno- cardates have been made. The most decided reaction was in the greatly thickened ears of a tubercular case, in whom fever occurred for three days with redness and swelling of the helix, accompanied by some serious discharge containing broken down leprosy bacilli. After the subsidence of the reaction at the end of ten days the diseased tissues were decidedly softer and less indurated than before, while nodules on the face, not showing the local reaction, were also diminished in size. In another case with very large tubercles on the face, a similar but less acute reaction was also followed by distinct improvement. In two anaesthetic cases, with greatly thickened ulnar nerves, tenderness and slight swelling appeared in the affected portions after intravenous injections, which has been followed by some return of sensation in previous anaesthetic areas of the hand. One of these patients also had fever, but had been previously subject to it. It is thus clear that intravenous injections of the drug have produced selective local reactions in the diseased tissues, which have been most evident in those patients with the greatest amount of infiltration of the tissues with leprosy bacilli, so they are most interesting and suggestive. It is too early to say whether the drug should be pushed to the extent of producing such reactions, but I am inclined at present to think they are decidedly beneficial when moder- ate in degree, while I have as yet seen no ill effect to follow them, although the possibility of dissemination of the bacilli in the body must not be lost sight of. Conclusions. — I have now given about two hundred intravenous injections of gynocardate, and my experience has led me to substitute it almost entirely for the subcutaneous method. Further experience is required to ascertain how far it is advisable to push the doses, but there can be little room for doubt that even half a grain intravenously is likely to have a greater effect than four grains slowly absorbed from a subcutaneous injection. My present impression is that the intravenous method is likely to prove as great an advance on the subcu- taneous one as the latter has in my hands on the oral administration of gyno- cardates or chaulmoogra oil. I desire, however, once more to clearly state that I make no claim to be able to cure leprosy, although I now have hopes that in time even this may eventually result from continued researches on the lines indicated in this and my previous paper on gynocardates, which are largely an extension of Dr. Heiser's important work on the treatment of leprosy by injec- tions of chaulmoogra oil. In conclusion, I may point out that the reactions produced by gynocardates in leprous tissues, and the apparent destruction' of Hansen's bacillus, raises the very important question as to whether some such similar reaction may not be obtained in the case of another human acid-fast bacillus — namely, that of PUBLIC HEALTH 117 ESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 tubercular diseases. Fortunately, this hypothesis can be tested by animal experiment, and I have already commenced a research on the subject. Beri-Beri. — The Medical Journal of January 27, 1917, has the following: — It is in a high degree interesting to observe that the importance which diet plays in the production, prevention, and treatment of disease is now gener- ally recognized. This recognition is due, to some extent, to increased and more definite knowledge as to the diet necessary for nutrition and growth. It used to be thought that such diet should consist solely of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, salts, and water. This view, however, has been revised by the discovery by Funk and others that a diet, to fulfil all the conditions requisite for normal nutrition and growth, must contain also vitamines. Our knowledge of these vitamines is yet Very far from complete, but enough has been ascertained by experimental research and by clinical experience to state that when these sub- stances are lacking nutrition suffers; and that, following a diet from which the vitamines have been removed, disease supervenes. Diseases of this nature have been denominated deficiency diseases, of which one of the most typical is beri-beri. The deficiency theory of beri-beri is strongly borne out by a careful con- sideration of all the circumstances. Experimentally, it has been demonstrated that by feeding fowls on polished rice a polyneuritis is brought about, a condi- tion is produced, indeed, pathologically indistinguishable from beri-beri. Furthermore, when rice polishings are added to the rice, the birds rapidly return to the normal. It was in this manner that Funk showed that there was present in the aleurone layer of the rice grain an organic substance the absence of which caused beri-beri. But the proofs that beri-beri is a deficiency disease are eminently conclu- sive from the clinical standpoint. As Marshall Findlay points out in . the Practitioner for January, 1917, the experiments of Frazer and Stanton in Java are almost classical. In these experiments four hundred and ninety-three Japanese coolies were employed; of these, 220 were fed on white rice, the remainder on the non-polished variety, with the result that among the former class twenty cases of beri-beri developed, while among the latter there were no cases. Instance can be piled upon instance in which the continued consump- tion of rice deprived of its pericarp and the greater part of its aleurone layer has been followed by beri-beri; and per contra, when the deficiency has been supplied, the disease has speedily been cured. It is probable, in fact more than likely; that there are other predisposing causes, of which the most important, according to Findlay, are the temperature and relative humidity of the atmosphere. In the Philippines, beri-beri is much more common among men than women, although the diet of both sexes is prac- tically the same. The men, however, are largely employed in mines, in which the air is hot and moist. In the Lancet of March 11, 1910, Wilcox contributed an especially able paper on beri-beri, in the course of which he dealt exhaustively with the treat- ment of the disease, and pointed out that the vitamine for preventing beri-beri or polyneuritis in animals is different from that which prevents scurvy. He further drew attention to the fact that yeast is a substance which is perhaps the richest in anti-beri-beri vitamine, and that egg-yolk, brain, liver, kidney, sweet- bread, oatmeal, haricot beans, and peas, are all fairly rich in vitamine. In the treatment of beri-beri, first of all, when available, yeast should be given. Three or four raw eggs should be given daily. Pea soup is a valuable article of diet in the treatment of this condition, and naturally all foodstuffs which contain the largest amount of anti-beri-beri vitamine are indicated. Moreover, a valu- able addition to such dietary will be fresh lemon juice. 118 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Vitamines is the new word that is attracting so much attention in the medical world at the present time. It signifies certain qualities in food materials which are essential to normal vitality in animals and human beings, though their presence has been up to this time scarcely suspected and though they exist in quite small quantities. Whenever they are entirely absent from the diet of a particular individual he will eventually suffer from a severe painful condition of nerves and certain mutilating developments in the skin. For instance, when rice is polished before being eaten certain materials are removed which are necessary to health, and if rice is a large factor in the diet beri- beri results. The same conditions with regard to corn lead to pellagra. Highly milled wheat is lacking in vitamines, but usually the people who eat white bread supply their vitamines from other sources. They must be healthy. Sterilized milk is always lack- ing in vitamines, and pasteurized milk very probably also, the heat destroying these substances. Apparently the vitamines, as the name would imply, represent certain vital quali- ties in foodstuffs which may be rather easily destroyed or removed. Because of their presence a great many important foods are more healthful if taken in the natural state. Dr. Casimir Funk, of New York, claiming to be the author of the term " vitamin," writes to the Journal as follows: — The following statements I wish to make in justification of my position as the author of the term " vitamin " as well as in refutation of some of the state- ments printed in your editorial entitled "What is a Vitamin?" {The Journal, May 6, 1916, p. 1470). I have no doubt that the sense of justice and fairness which have always impressed me in your publication will guide you to publish my letter in an early issue of The Journal. When early in 1911 I started the research which led to the isolation of the vitamin-fraction from various foodstuffs, my work was inspired by the remark- able results of Eijkman, Grijus and Schaumann, who were able to prove that in rice-polishings and in yeast, substances are present which protect fowls, pigeons and men against beri-beri. My task was then to find out to which chemical group these protective substances belong, and this has been success- fully accomplished and described in two publications {Lancet, London, Novem- ber 4, 1911; Jour. Physiol., December 22, 1911). From reasons unknown to me, references to these two early publications are usually omitted in the literature, and the paper of Hopkins {Jonr. Physiol., 1912, xliv, 425) is quoted, which has been undoubtedly partially influenced by my work. It was only in 1912 {Jour. State Med., June, 1912) after a careful revision of my experimental data that I introduced the term " vitamin " for these protective substances which are indispensable for life and which, judging from their chemical reactions, belong undoubtedly to the group of organic nitrogenous bases. Later on I went farther, and a few substances were isolated and analyzed which, I have reasons to believe, are chemically related to the original vitamin present in less purified fractions. I am glad to say that even now, after five years, there is not a single paper in the existing literature able to refute my experimental data. That the introduction of the term " vitamin " was justified we can judge from the quick succession of terms used to designate the same substances : torulin of Moore, oryzanin of Susuki, antiberi-berin of Tsuzuki, accessory substances of Hopkins, and finally substances A and B of McCollum. If terms could only be applied to chemically pure, fully identified substances, 90 per cent of the already existing names in the physiologic chemistry would have been discon- tinued (example: names of ferments, hormones, proteins, nucleins, polysac- chards, lipoids, cerebrosids, etc.). I'l BLIC EE I LI II 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 As to the necessity of two different substances (one soluble in alcohol and the other in water) for growth of young animals, the work done in conjunction with A. B. Macallum was not able to substantiate it. Vitamin is soluble in alcohol and more so in water, but we are dealing here with one and the same substance. Our present results so far show that the beri-beri-vitamin suffices for growth of young rats; for long maintenance (over sixty days) a small supply of antiscorbutic vitamin seems necessary; otherwise scurvey with even slight rachitic symptoms occurs in rats. This condition can be avoided by using autolyzed (wet) yeast or orange juice, in difference to dried yeast, which apparently possesses no anti-scorbutic properties for rats. So far in our experi- ments butter was found to have no action on the growth of rats, but was found to have slight antiscorbutic effect (scurvy-vitamin carried down from milk). In order to avoid further complications and fallacies in the already complicated problem of growth in rats, we wish to test our preliminary results in all direc- tions before final publication; but we find that some of the recent results on the growth of rats, on which your editorial is based, give not the slightest justification for the discontinuation of the term " vitamin." In the same issue of The Journal, Dr. E. J. Wood deals with pellagra as being due to a deficiency of vitamin. Apparently by mistake my name was omitted as the originator of this hypothesis {Jour. State Med., June, 1912 ; " Die Vitamine," Wiesbaden, 1914). Later on I pointed out (Jour. Physiol., December, 1913; Michen. med Wchnschr., 1914, No. 13) that the acute form of pellagra prevailing in the United States might be due to the use of exten- sively milled corn, to which conclusion Dr. Wood also arrives. E. B. Yedder, Washington, D.C., ends an article on the relation of diet to beri- beri with the following conclusions : " As there are many conditions under which it is difficult for certain people and institutions to produce a rich and varied diet, I should like to repeat and emphasize the simple dietary rules which I have elsewhere formu- lated for the prevention of deficiency diseases : 1. In an institution where bread is the staple article of diet, it should be made from whole wheat flour. 2. When rice is used in any quantity, the brown undermilled, or so-called hygienic rice, should be furnished. 3. Beans, peas or other legumes, known to prevent beri-beri should be served at least once a week. Canned beans or peas should not be used. 4. Some fresh vegetables or fruit should be issued at least once a week and preferably at least twice a week. 5. Barley, a known preventive of beri-beri, should be used in all soups. 6. If corn- meal is the staple of diet it should be yellow meal or water-ground meal, that is, made from the whole grain. 7. While potatoes and fresh meat, known preventives of beri-beri and scurvy, should be served at least once a week, and preferably once daily. 8. The too exclusive use of canned goods must be carefully avoided. I am sure that the strict application of these rules will eradicate scurvy and beri-beri, and believe that they would be equally efficacious in eradicating pellagra. Dengue. Since the original work of Graham in 1903, of Bancroft in 1905, and of Ashburn and Craig in 1907, Culex fatigans has generally been supposed to be the real carrier of dengue. It is true that Bancroft had apparently two successful cases of infection with Stegomyia fasciata, the subjects being bitten by such insects twelve and ten days after they had bitten dengue patients. Clelland, Bradley, and McDonald have recently followed iip the insect carrier in an epidemic of dengue which was raging in Queensland, and had extended to some of the north coast towns of New South Wales. In a critical analysis of the previous work they point out that Graham admits that in many, perhaps in all, of his experiments Stegomyia. fasciata was present amongst his mosquitos, and that therefore all he proved was that mosquitos can carry the disease, the variety, or varieties remaining in doubt. They lurtber criticise Ashburn and Craig's account of transmission by Culex fatigans. "The successful 15—10 120 DEPART ME\ T OF A t, UK 77.7 7 'HE 8 GEOFGE V, A. 1918 case," they say, " was probably one of dengue, but arguing on analogy with yellow fever, the very short mosquito ' ripening ' period (less than two days) would make one accept it with reserve as originating from the mosquitos. One cannot certainly exclude the possibility of there being other sources of infection. Failing other evidence, the case is undoubtedly very suggestive of the possibility of Culex being a vector of dengue, but we can hardly understand the importance attributed to this isolated case by most textbooks." The three observers made two series of mosquito experiments. In the first, four persons were bitten by Stegomyia and two by Culex. The results were negative. There was, however, a large mortality in the mosquitos collected, and, except one individual who received ten bites, the bitings were unsatisfactory; these results are not further referred to in the paper. In the second series of experiments a collection of about 100 Stegomyia fasciata and 112 Culex fatigans was made from the district in which dengue fever had occurred; in some cases the insects were taken from the actual bedrooms where patients were lying sick with the disease. This hetero- geneous collection was then given the chance of feeding upon a dengue patient, and many of both types bit freely. They were then taken to Sydney, a town free from dengue cases, and there produced the disease in four out of seven persons on whom biting experiments were made. That the disease produced was really dengue was proved by the fact that blood taken from three of the cases reproduced the disease when injected into other persons. Two cases were heavily and repeatedly bitten by Cullex fatigans with no result. These experiments prove that Stegomyia fasciata can spread the disease, but whether Culex fatigans also may not do so is not quite clear from the context of the paper. It is, at any rate, not absolutely disproved. The failure of Culex fatigans to produce the disease in the two cases mentioned may have been due to non- infection of the insects or to some insusceptibility of those bitten. More experiments are required to prove this point. It would be well to rear the mosquitos from larvae and then let them bite infected cases ; this would also afford useful information as to the length of the cycle of development in the mosquito, the incubation period in man, and other interesting points. The observations, however, as they stand are very interesting and suggestive, though they do not finally settle the point as to whether one genus of mosquito or more is implicated in the spread of dengue. Anthrax. — A fatal case of anthrax was reported March 8, 1917, as occurring at Longwood, in the vicinity of Huddersfield, England, in an employee in a woollen mill at that place. The patient was a man who had been working at a shaking machine at which dust was shaken from the wool and carried by a fan into another room. The wool originated mostly in the East Indies. The type of the disease in the case reported was internal or pulmonary anthrax. A second case occurred on the 15th instant. Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis. (Infantile Paralysis.) D. James J. Walsh points out that this is not a new disease. If any one, he says, will got to the Phila- delphia Museum he will' find there the skeleton of a little prince of one of the early dynasties of Egypt who lived more than 4,000 years ago and who was crippled by infantile paralysis. The form of crippling by this disease is so typical that Dr. John K. Mitchell, the son of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, of Philadelphia, did not hesitate to make the diagnosis even after this length of time. Besides there are a number of pictures of the six- teenth and seventeenth centuries which present victims of infantile paralysis. Some of Murillo's pictures of the objects of charity down the centuries painted as decorations for the Hospital at Seville in Spain present some of them. Spanish painters were very realistic in their studies of such subjects, and so it is not hard to recognize the actual diseases present. Indeed, the hardest thing in the world I know of, after years spent at the history of medicine, would be to find a new^ disease that we were sure was new. Tuberculosis has been traced back for more than 4,000 years; hints of cancer are to be found for as PUBLIC BE \ LTB 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 long as the memory of man runneth. Bubonic plague has been definitely traced 1,000 or more years before Christ. The name for appendicitis is only twenty-five years old, but the disease has been traced far beyond and is as old as mankind's present stage of anatomy. Hookworm disease is familiar only for ten or fifteen years, but Dr. Sandwirth, of Cairo, finds traces of it in Egypt more than 3,000 years ago. The examination of the arteries of mummies shows "hardening of the arteries," that latest disease to attract attention, in existence 2,000 years before Christ. Infantile paralysis in ancient Egypt then would be no surprise. Since 1905, infantile paralysis has appeared more or less fre- quently throiighout North America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Alaska to the Gulf of Mexico. As a rule the disease has occurred in isolated form ; but, occa- sionally, there have been severe and alarming epidemics. There have been cases of anterior poliomyelitis — as infantile parlysis is scientifically known — in every state in the Union and in every large city each year for a number of years past. Epidemics have occurred in New York in 1907, in Minnesota and Nebraska in 1908-1909, in Iowa in 1910, in Ohio and Kentucky in 1911, in New York State in 1912. The disease appeared in epidemic form in the city of New York during the early part of last summer (1916). Since the early summer of 1916 there have been 24,000 cases of infantile paralysis in the United States. Eighteen thousand of these were in New York City and the adjacent territory, in the States of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecti- cut and Massachusetts, the Borough of Brooklyn being the first to become infected. In the Montreal district, from October 16 to 25, there have been twelve cases of infantile paralysis in Westmount, and only one since the last-mentioned date. In Verdun, there have been only two cases before the 24th of October. In Montreal West, they had two cases on the 25th of October. In Lachine, there was only one case on the '26th. In Ville Saint-Pierre, they have had three cases previous to the 24th of October. In Outremont, there has not been a single case reported. And in Montreal where there had been eighty-five cases from January until the 26th of October, we have had since this last date three cases on the 27th, two cases on the 28th, two cases on the 30th, two cases on the 31st, one case on November 2, one case on the 3rd, two cases on the 4th and not a single one on the 20th of October, the 1st, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th of November. Infantile paralysis is an acute, infectious disease, usually attacking children, ushered in, as a rule, with the symptons common to other acute infections and resulting in partial paralysis which comes early in its course. It is caused by the invasion of the brain and spinal cord by a minute germ or organism. The disease is not as infectious as scarlet fever or diphtheria. In most communities only a very smalL percentage of exposed persons acquire it, This percentage varies, however, and is usually higher in rural districts than in larger cities. Under certain conditions, which we do not clearly understand, the disease becomes very infectious and epidemics result. The apparent difference in infectiousness in city and country has been explained by these facts: (1) Only a small percentage of people are susceptible to infantile paralysis. (2) When the disease appears in a community, those persons who are exposed and not immune, acquire the disease and, if they survive the attack, are doubt- less immune to a later attack. (3) Infantile paralysis is present more or less constantly in large cities so that exposure of susceptible persons is much more likely than in smaller centres of population. It is this lesser likelihood of exposure of the suscep- tible person in the smaller and more isolated community which is said to be responsible for the greater percentage of infections and also for the larger number of odults affectfd in rural epidemics. 15— 10 J 122 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Age is an important factor in the disease. As a rule it attacks those under 5 years of age. It is stated that children under 5 constitute but 10 per cent of the total popu- lation; but that they furnish 50 to 90 per cent of the cases of infantile paralysis. In some epidemics, children from 5 to 15 years of age seem as susceptible as those younger. Not over 10 per cent of cases are among adults. Practically all epidemics of infantile paralysis and most isolated cases occur during the summer season — between the months of May and November — and there is said to be some connection between the disease and hot, dry weather. On this account, the disease is thought by some authorities on the subject to be spread by dust. It is interesting to note that the epidemics at Buffalo and Cincinnati occurred during wet weather. , As a rule the disease in the United States has been largely confined to the North- ern and North Central states and the chief epidemics have occurred in these sections. Virginia, Mississippi and some other southern states have not entirely escaped out-" breaks. The disease is transmitted, in all probability, by the secretions of the patient, dried or otherwise, coming in contact with the nasal passages or throat of the suscep- tible person. Experimentally the disease has been transmitted through the digestive tract, but it is not likely that this occurs often. The fact that the virus so tenaciously resists drying makes it reasonable Uj assume that the disease is carried in infected dust. At the present time, it seems that the chief means of transmission are kissing, sneezing and coughing, the two latter throwing the virus into the air whence it is directly carried to the noses and throats of others, Many cases are transmitted by mothers, who, after caring for the noses and throats of children who may be carriers of infection, carry the virus to other children. Lower animals, birds and fowls very probably suffer from this infection; but it is not likely that man acquires infection in very many instances from these animals. However, poultry, pigs, dogs and cats are still somewhat under suspicion. In certain cases it has been practically proven that hies carry infection; but this is not the common means of transmission. At one time it was believed that the disease could be transmitted by biting insects carrying the virus in the blood taken from the patient. This is not proven nor have the germs been shown to be present in the blood. Incidentally, the character of living conditions seem to have little to do with the development of the disease. It develops in clean homes as well as in those which are filthy ; and attacks the healthy child as well as it does the weakling. In recent epidemics it has been possible to prove contact with the sick in only about 25 per cent of cases. This is doubtless due to the large number of undiagnosed cases and the healthy virus carriers. With regard to prevention. — according to Dr. Simon Flexner, ''Protection to the public can be best secured through the discovery and isolation of those ill of the disease, and the sanitary control of those persons who have associated with the sick and whose business calls them away from home. Both these conditions can be secured without too great interference with the comforts and the rights of individuals." The essential facts upon which our preventive measures rest are: — (1) Infantile paralysis is contagious. (2) The convalescent patient may carry the organisms of the disease for weeks or months. (3) Healthy persons, exposed to infection, may carry organisms in their throats and nasal passages for a long period of time. (4) The infectious material comes largely from the nose and throat; but it is also found in the intestinal passages and may be present in the urine and sweat. (5) Children are particularly susceptible; but adults are not necessarily immune. IT IS LIC HEALTH 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 (6) Infection probably takes place tbrough the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. (7) The exact means of transmi.-sion is uncertain. The disease has been attributed to dust infection, to fly-borne infection, to food infection and to direct contact. It is impossible at this time to say which, if any, of these theories is correct. In view of this uncertainty, preventive measures to be effective must be very general in character. All persons suffering from the disease must be rigidly quarantined for a period of at least five weeks. There should also be quarantine or rigid observation of all persons who have been in contact with patients suffering from the disease. There should be careful destruction of all discharges from infected persons and ni all things contaminated with such discharges. After the death, removal or recovery o'* the patient, the premises should be thoroughly disinfected. The virus of infantile paralysis is destroyed by bright sunlight. Hence the ouarters occupied by the patient and the rest of the house should permit free access of sunlight at all times. Disinfection of rooms and contents should be followed by thorough sunning. The public should be warned that convalescent patients may carry the virus of the disease for considerable and uncertain periods after complete recovery. At the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association held in Cincinnati, Ohio, October 24-27 last, it was moved by Dr. E. P. Lachapelle of Montreal, seconded by Dr. Frederick Montizambert, of Ottawa: — That in view of the fact that infantile paralysis has existed for several months and still exists in the United States and Canada, taking on in some localities an epidemic character; that considerable anxiety is expressed by the public generally, and that the public, the physicians and the health authorities may well expect an authoritative statement upon the subject from this association in annual convention; Be it resolved, that the President be forthwith authorized to appoint a small committee of specialists and of those who have had experience of the disease, with instructions to meet immediately and to prepare a report of the present actual knowledge of the cause of the disease, the manner and agents by which it is spread, the best methods of treatment, and the best preventive measures ; And that this committee submit its report before the close of this annual meeting; and that such report be given to the public immediately. The resolution committee of the association unanimously approved of the above resolution, and, in accordance with it, the president, John F. Anderson, appointed the following special committee: Dr. Haven Emerson, Commissioner of Health, New York City; Dr. Wade Frost, United States Public Health Service, Cincinnati, O. ; Dr. A. J. Chesley, Epidemiologist, Minnesota State Board of Health. Committee Report. — The specific cause of poliomyelitis is a micro-organism, a oo-called virus, which may be positively identified at present only by its production of poliomyelitis in monkeys experimentally inoculated. Such experiments have shown this virus to be present not only in the nervous tissues and certain other organs of persons who have died of poliomyelitis, but also in the nose, mouth and bowel dis- charges of patients suffering from the disease. It has been proved" by similar experiments that healthy associates of poliomyelitis cases may harbour the virus in their noses and throats. These experiments, together with "the fact that monkeys have been infected by direct application of the virus to the mucous membrane of the nose and by feeding of 124 n e pa it i n /; mo r a a iu culture 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 the virus, are strong evidence that in nature infection may be directly spread from person to person. Observations on the occurrence of the disease might seem at first thought to be inconsistent with this conception, since contact between recognized cases can seldom be traced. However, this may be adequately explained by the lack of means for detecting mild non-paralytic cases and by the belief that healthy carriers of the virus and undetected cases are considerably more numerous than frankly paralyzed cases. Many facts, such as the seasonal incidence and rural prevalence of the disease have seemed to indicate that some insect or animal host, as yet unrecognized, may te a necessary factor in the spread of poliomyelitis, but specific evidence to this effect is lacking, and the weight of present opinion inclines to the view that polio- myelitis is exclusively a human disease and is spread by personal contact, whatever other causes may be found to contribute to its spread. In personal contact we mean to include all the usual opportunities, direct or indirect, immediate or intermediate, for the transference of body discharges from person to person, having in mind as a possibilty that the infection may occur through contaminated food. The incubation period has not been definitely established in human beings. The information at hand indicates that it is less than two weeks, and probably in the great majority of cases between three and eight days. If the foregoing conception of the disease is correct, it is obvious that effective preventive measures, approaching complete contr'ol, are impracticable, because isolation of recognized cases of the disease and restraint upon their immediate associates must fail to prevent the spread of infection by unrecognized cases and carriers. These difficulties would appear to be inherent in the nature of the disease. Nevertheless, we may hope for the development of more thorough knowledge which will permit of mere effective control of the disease than is now practicable. Of first importance is the more general recognition by practitioners of non-paralytic cases through clinical observation and laboratory procedures. Lumbar puncture has been shown to offer valuable aid in diagnosis, and a more general use of this test is to be encouraged, since it not only facilitates accurate and early diagnosis, but in many cases affords symp- tomatic relief as a therapeutic procedure. Without undertaking to predict the future progress of research, we may hope for certain possible developments which may afford far more effective control of the disease, with substantial relief from many incon- veniences at present inevitable. Among these possibilities we would include a practical test for the detection of all clinical types and carriers, a simple and reliable test for distinguishing between susceptible and insusceptible persons, and means of conferring artificial immunity against poliomyelitis. At present our information demands the employment of the following admin- istrative procedures in attempting to control the disease: — 1. The requirement that all recognized and suspected cases be promptly reported. 2. Isolation of patients in screened premises. The duration of infectivity being unknown, the period of isolation must necessarily be arbitrary. Six weeks has been recommended by the Conference of State and Territorial Health Officers with the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service as sufficient, and this period has been generally accepted throughout the United States. 3. Disinfection of all body discharges. 4. Restriction of the movements of intimate associates of the patient as far as practicable. This should include at least exclusion of the children of the family from S' hools and other gatherings. 5. Protection of the children as far as possible from contact with other children or with the general public during epidemics. 6. Observation of contacts for two weeks after the last exposure. There is no specific treatment of established value in poliomyelitis. During the persistence of the acute symptoms of the disease the important principles of treatment ViniAC II h'A I /I'll 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 are rest in bed, symptomatic relief, and passive support for the prevention of deform- ities. Active measures during this stage are not only useless but are apt to cause serious and often permanent injury. Hospitalization of patients where possible should be encouraged. The best chances of recovery from residual paralysis demand skilful after-care, often long continued, and always under the direction of a physician familiar with the neurological and orthopedic principles of treatment. The provision of such after-care often becomes a community problem, demanding the co-operation of all available agencies, social and professional. In view of the large number of cases of this disease in the neighbouring states instructions were issued by you requiring every person under sixteen years old desiring to enter over the land frontier, coming from any one of the affected group of states to produce a certificate properly signed stating that the bearer had not the disease, nor had been in contact with any one who had. And the certificate had to be issued not longer than 24 hours before departure. Through the kindness of the Immigration and Customs Services their officers examined and checked these certi- ficates. This inspection was put on in August and taken off at midnight of 30th November. As far as the United States Public Health Service was concerned the epidemic in New York was officially declared to be at an end on the 5th October. The inspection of children in interstate traffic was discontinued and the quaran- tine lifted. Government physicians who had been on duty in that city were directed to report to their regular stations in various parts of the country. In Philadelphia, quarantine was raised on October 1 ; and in Baltimore on November 1. Opening the new Yorkville Forum, at the Lyceum, Eighty-sixth street and Third avenue, Dr. Haven Emerson, Health Commissioner, expressed his belief that there will be no epidemic of infantile paralysis next summer. At the same time he made it clear to the two hundred persons present that common rules for health must be obeyed strictly as a precaution against the disease. He also explained how infantile paralysis could be prevented from spreading. "Last summer." said Dr. Emerson, "there were 2,400 deaths from infantile paralysis, but we do not expect an epidemic of the disease this summer. The fear of the disease last summer led people to be more careful about their health and con- tinued precautions in this direction will be very helpful as a means of preventing infantile paralysis. Keep the sick from the well. There are many mothers and fathers who fail to call a physician when their children get sick and allow them to remain ill without profes- sional medical aid for a week or more. By that time the disease is in an advanced stage. Had the parents called in a physician at the beginning a different story might be told. Since last December there have been reported on an average each month until now two or three cases of infantile paralysis. But the disease is more prevalent in the summer, and we expected to have more cases during that time. There is no reason to believe, however, that there will be an epidemic of infantile paralysis next summer. The New York Herald of 3rd December last has the following as a special despatch :— In the laboratories of the famous Mayo Brothers' clinc at Rochester, Minn., a micro-organism has been discovered which is believed by investigators in pathology to be the causative agent of infantile paralysis, which last summer killed or crippled, it is said, nearly twenty thousand American babies. Dr. E. C. Rosenow, who is in charge of the experiments, will not yet assert positively that the germ which he and his associates, Dr. E. B. Towne, of Boston, and Dr. G. W. Wheeler, of New York, have succeeded in isolating, is the germ 126 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTl RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 of infantile paralysis, but in what he terms a " preliminary note," presented to the State Medical Society, it is shown that innumerable experiments during the last few months all point in the same direction. If it be true that the agent of the disease has thus been found — and there is no real doubt in the minds of the scientists acquainted with the experiments that this has been done — then half of one of the greatest battles in modem medical science already has been won. There remains the important task of developing a serum or vaccine, or perhaps both, with which immunity may be established in human beings. Before another summer the world may hear that infantile paralysis has been definitely relegated to the category of such diseases as diphtheria and small-pox and other readily controlled diseases. With the memory of last summer's horror still fresh in the public mind, the full import- ance of the discovery cannot be overlooked. Because of the high hopes which the discovery of some mistake or broken link in the present chain of scientific evidence would dash, those interested in the experiments at Rochester are especially chary of making announcements. Nevertheless, Dr. Rosenow's guarded report cannot but have the effect of creating intense public interest in the outcome of experimentation with curative vaccines and serums. It is known that a quantity of both already has been prepared and is being employed upon animals at the Mayo laboratories. In the "preliminary note," Drs. Rosenow, Towne and Wheeler give the results of their study of the epidemic which was worst last summer in New York. Dr. Rosenow passed more than a month in the thick of the fight waged against the disease by the New York health authorities and the experiments outlined were based upon more than fifty acute cases of the disease both in New York and Rochester. Inoculation of rabbits, dogs and monkeys with the germ taken from human beings has been followed in every case by the onset of what is; called character- istic poliomyelitis, or infantile paralysis. The symptoms produced in the animals are in every respect the same -as those witnessed in human beings. Cultures made from dogs and rabbits dead of the disease, when injected into other dogs and rabbits have produced instant and fatal attacks of infantile paralysis. It is no secret that since the isolation of the germ of infantile paralysis many experiments have been made at Rochester looking to the perfection of a vaccine or serum for its prevention. It should be added, however, that the cure, even if found, would not restore the use of their crippled limbs to children who have been victims of the disease. More iniquities of the Rat. — The British Medical Journal of February 17 last adds another indictment against the rat and its fleas as the carriers of the infective agent in Weil's disease. And Dr. Mark Richardson, formerly Secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Health has added still another to the list of their enormities by advancing the theory that the rat and its fleas may be responsible for the spread of infantile paralysis. The British Medical J ournal says : — Every man's hand is against the rat. In political circles the rat's character is held to explain the moral turpitude that leads from time to time to defections from the party. Women, it is credibly reported, will fly from the rat with all the alacrity they display in escaping from the dangerous proximity of the domestic mouse. Indeed, one would probably be well within the truth in stating that the rat's only real friend among human beings is the schoolboy, who is apt to cherish white specimens of the race as pets. From the epidemiological point of view rats have had a thoroughly bad name of late years, if only as the pre- sumedly involuntary carriers of fleas infected with the bacillus of bubonic t PUBLIC HEALTH 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 plague, a disease that kills its tens of thousands every year. Rats, too, are the carriers of infection in the rare disease known by the name of " rat-bite fever," of which over eighty cases have been described in Europe, Asia, and America, during the last twenty years. It is of interest to note, while this fever is under discussion, that certain Japanese investigators have quite recently reported that, after investigating two cases of the disease, they have identified a new spiro- chaete, which they name the S. morsus muris, as the cause of rat-bite fever in Japan. This organism is found in about 3 per cent of Japanese house rats, and, a matter of importance from the point of view of treatment, it is most markedly affected by salvarsan. It is true that other scientists have found quite other organisms (aspergilli, telosporidia, diplococci, bacilli) to be the cause of rat-bite fever, and in the British Medical Journal of February 19. 1916 (p. 285), will be found an account of Dr. F. G. Blake's confirmation of Schottmiiller's dis- covery that the causal organism of the fever is a streptothrix. But it is pointed out that rat bites may be quite capable of infecting human beings with other diseases as well as with true " rat-bite fever," and that the cases recorded by Schottmiiller and Blake differed in several important particulars from rat-bite fever as it occurs in Japan. From the experimental point of view, rat-bite fever may be transmitted from rats to guinea-pigs, as was proved by Ogata in 1911. This experimental rat-bite fever has been investigated by three bacteriologists at Tokyo, and they claim to have proved that the disease is due to a spirochaete that under the microscope differs in form from that described by the four Japanese investigators mentioned above, but resembles it in being sensitive to the action of arsenical compounds. About ten rats out of some forty employed with success in these experiments were found to be carriers of the spirochaete of rat-bite fever. But this does not complete the tale of the rat's nosological infamy. There is now good reason for believing that rats may also be the carriers of the infect- ing agent in Weil's disease. As may be seen by reference to any medical text- book, some thirty years ago Weil described an epidemic form of infectious jaun- dice that has since been known by his name, and is now also known as spiro- chaetosis icterohaemorrhagica. A variety of jaundice that is similar, if not identical, occurs in Japan; and, as was related in the British Medical Journal of April 1, 1916 (p. 491) certain Japanese medical men identified in 1915 a new spirochaete, the S. icterohaemorrhagiae, as the organism giving rise to this variety of epidemic jaundice. The identical organism has been isolated from cases of infectious jaundice in France, in Italy, and in the lands of the Central Powers. An account of the occurrence of the same disease in the army in Flanders, written by Captain Adrian Stokes, R.A.M.C. (T.), and Captain J. A. Ryle, R.A.M.C. (S.R.), will be found in the British Medical Journal of Sep- tember 23, 1916 (p. 413). The disease is clearly widespread at the present time, therefore. It is also highly infectious, and has even been caught in a bacteri- ological laboratory by a very careful worker engaged in transmitting the virus from one experimental animal — a guinea-pig — to another. The pathogenic spirochaetes are excreted in the urine and faeces of the patients, a face which may indicate the common routes of infection in Weil's disease, and points out the paths along which general prophylaxis against its spread must be sought. But prophylaxis by both active and passive immunization is also possible. A recent paper on the subject by the Japanese doctors Ido, Hoki, Ito, and Wani, establishes the fact that guinea-pigs can be protected against infection by the specific spirochaete in two ways — either by inoculation with cultures of the organism, or by the injection of immune serum from other animals already pro- tected in this manner. In the case of man, only passive immunization has yet 128 DKl'AHl I//.A J or AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 been attempted, by the use of serum derived from a horse protected against spirochaetosis icterohaemorrhagica through vaccination with preparations of the spirochaete. Although no case has occurred in which the efficacy of this immune serum could actually be put to the test, the authors are of opinion that it does confer on man a partial immunity to the disease; this is supposed to last for from six months to a year. They also give evidence to show that in Japan both the house rats and the brown ditch rats are often carriers of the spirochaete which may be found in their kidneys, as was pointed out in 1916 by Miyajima. The importance of this observation is indicated by the fact that cooks and butchers seem particularly prone to this form of acute infectious jaundice; indeed, two of the fifty-five patients treated by the authors had been bitten by rats from seven to nine days before they devoloped the disease. Prohably the infection is transmitted from rats to man by means of the rat's urine, directly or indirectly, in most cases. Nearly 40 per cent of the rats in the city and coal mines of Kyushu were found to carry highly virulent pathogenic spiro- chaetes in their kidneys. A full account of the serum treatment of Weil's disease, so far as it has been tried at present, has been published by DrsT Inada, Ido, Hold, Ito, and Wani. At first the serum was obtained from goats immunized by inoculation with the spirochaete. This was in August, 1915 ; later the serum obtained from patients convalescent from the disease was employed, and later still the serum from actively immunized horses. The serum acts mainly by destroying the spirochaetes ; technically speaking it is spirochaetolytic and spirochaetocidal, and that it has any antitoxic effect has not yet been demonstrated. It should be given subcutaneously or intravenously in large doses (up to 60 c.cm.) as early as possible in the disease. In all, thirty-five patients were treated, of whom five died of the disease, though one was moribund on admission to hospi- tal. These figures show a mortality of about 11 per cent. As a rule, the mor- tality from Weil's disease in Japan appears to be from 30 to 50 per cent. Such results as these show that the serum treatment is at any rate promising; but the authors do not claim more for it at present, considering that the number of cases .treated is not large enough to justify the drawing of any more definite conclusions. They find that the serum destroys the spirochaetes contained in the circulating blood, promotes the development of antibodies, and lessens the number of the organisms in the patients' viscera, where they are already num- erous by the fifth day of the disease. , The following fadts supporting the theory that infantile paralysis is transferred by rodents, insects, or both are offered by Richardson. (1) Summer incidence of the disease; (2) the resemblance of the disease in its epidemiology to malaria and yellow fever has been noted more than once; (3) the positive results of Rosenau and also of Anderson and Frost, together with the success- ful experience of Flexner with the bedbug. That the bedbug might be the inter- mediate link in the chain seemed to Richardson highly improbable in view of the fact that infantile paralysis attacks with almost equal frequency all strata of society. The possible relation of the rat to infantile paralysis was first brought to Richardson's attention in 1910 through an observation made by Dr. Charles E. Simpson, state inspector of health. In investigating an epidemic of the disease, Dr. Simpson observed the fact that many rats, whose homes had been in a town dump, were compelled, because of a fire in that dump, to seek refuge in the neighbouring houses. In these houses infantile paralysis seemed to be unduly prevalent. Another experience pointing in the same direction occurred in a small country neighbourhood occupied as a summer colony by a number of city residents. The only immediate unusual factor to PUBLIC HEALTH 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 m be assigned for this epidemic was the removal, from one situation to another, of an old barn. The barn cellar was dug up and improved, and during this operation, the affected children played in the excavation. The inference is, of course, that many old rat holes were destroyed and that the accumulation of years in the way of rat disease and fleas may have been distributed broadcast to the outside world. A third observation, but a rare one, was made in a Massachusetts city where, in an infected district, many rats were said to have been found dead. In another city a muddy river and its tributaries honey- combed to a greater or less extent the municipality. The location of the cases of infantile paralysis seemed to have a remarkable relation to this stream and its branches. Indeed, the whole Massachusetts experience seems to indicate that the disease has been endemic along its rivers, most of which are polluted by sewage to a greater or less extent. The possible association of the water rat was thus indicated. The great increase in poliomyelitis during the last twenty-five years has been explained as due to great increase in facility of transportation all over the world, so that infinitely increased human contact has become possible. The same . argument would apply, however, to the transfer of infected rats from one locality to another. Indeed such transfer in freight cars and ships carrying grain, cattle, pigs, etc., must be common. The relation to the railroads of cases of infantile paralysis has been noticed by a number of observers. Nothing could be more probable than that children living near railroads should play in rat infected freight cars. Infected rats furthermore, if dropped from freight cars, would necessarily seek their food in the immediate neighbour- hood. t In the transfer of the infection from the rat to man, the agency of the flea is assumed, although the possible contamination of food by rodent excretions might well be considered. The insect transfer might be simply mechanical or it might require a preliminary cycle of development of the virus in the flea. Furthermore, the possible role of cats, dogs and other animals, or even human beings, as carriers of infected fleas, would be apparent. Moreover, in grossly unsanitary surroundings, the fleas might carry infection from one child to another directly. These theories, Richardson says, explain better than any other hypothesis submitted the epidemiologic facts as observed in infantile paralysis. Dr. Richardson states that Rosenau has recently produced paralytic phenomena in rats by inoculation of the virus of infantile paralysis. Extended experimental investigations will be necessary to determine the value which should be attached to his theory, but Dr. Richardson is, we think, correct in saying that it is not easy to make the theory that it is conveyed by human contact fit all the facts. According to the Federal Public Health Service, it costs $1.82 to board a healthy rat a year, says the Minneapolis Journal. That is at the rate of half a cent a day. The rat is voracious and not over-particular about his food, taking the same wherever he can find it. The total annual board bill of the rat tribe in the United States must therefore be some hundreds of millions of dollars. In return for this liberal expenditure in his behalf Moncieur Rat does nothing whatever that is useful, and much that is positively harmful. His worst disservice is playing host to the fleas that spread the bubonic plague, but he spreads other dis- ease germs as well. From an economic standpoint he is a wastrel, and from a health standpoint a plague-carrier. It has been generally accepted that rat population of a country is about equal to the human in numbers. Taking the population of Canada at seven and a half millions at the above cited cost of the board of a rat, our total annual board bill of the rat tribe would amount to $13,650,000. 130 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Anti-rat Begulations. — To limit or prevent the landing of infected rats from in- coming vessels arriving from Liverpool after the discovery of plague-infected rats there certain precautions now enjoined by you at our Atlantic ports. These included. The breasting out of the vessel from the pier for not less than six feet. The placing on every hawser between the vessel and the pier of a funnel or disc of metal not less than three feet in diameter and not more than three feet from the vessel. The reduction of the gangways to a minimum by day, and their guarding b> quartermasters. At night all gangways to be withdrawn, or if one be essential, that it be lighted as well as guarded. As soon as an incoming vessel has received her quarantine clearance she passes from your jurisdiction and comes under that of the Minister of Marine. The Marine Department kindly consented to have your views in this matter carried out, and they issued instructions to all their harbour-masters at all the Atlantic ports to have these regulations enforced. Cerebrospinal meningitis. — Having received information from the Militia Depart- ment that some soldiers returning to Canada via St. John, N.B., this month were supposed to have been in contact with cases of cerebro spinal meningitis before embarking at Liverpool, these men were detained at quarantine for bacteriological examination. These proved negative in all cases. International Frontier Inspection. — No frontier quarantine inspection has been required this year, with the exception of the precautions against the introduction of infantile paralysis already described. Transfer of Baltimore Quarantine. — In June last the Medical Record announced that this State controlled station was in course of being transferred to the United States Public Health Service. This completes the transfer of State quarantines to the United States Federal Government. Circulars. — Circular letters were issued from time to time to your different officers, calling their attention to the various matters during the year connected with the appearances of epidemic diseases abroad. Buletins, etc., received. — The weekly Public Health Reports of the United States Public Health Service have been regularly received and are of great value, as are also the monthly bulletin from provincial, state, and municipal boards of health in Canada, the United States, and other countries. The bulletins of the International Office of Public Health, Paris, and of the Sleeping Sickness Bureau, London, have been regularly received throughout the year, and in both cases spare copies have been distributed to the provincial boards of health. Official visits, inspections, etc. — On the 23rd June I left, by your instructions to inspect on the Atlantic seaboard, inspected at Grosse Isle, Que., the leper lazaretto at Tracadie, N.B. ; the quarantine stations at Chatham and St. John, N.B. ; Digby, Halifax, Sydney and Louisburg, N.S.; and Charlottetown and Summerside, P.E.L On August 17, I left for the Pacific coast. I inspected at Vancouver, Victoria, William Head, and Prince Rupert, and the leper lazaretto at Darcy Island. No annual meeting of the Canadian Medical Association was held this year, owing to the absence of so many medical men on military duty. On September 12 and 13 I attended a Joint Congress of the Canadian Public Health Association, and the Canadian Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis at Quebec, Que. On October 24 and 27 I attended the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, which includes the United States, Canada, Mexico and Cuba, at Cincinnati, Ohio. /'/ BLIC EE ILTB 131 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 Changes in Medical Staff. — Halifax, N.S., D. J. V. Graham has replaced Dr. Blackett as substitute for Dr. V. W. Mackay, overseas. St. John, N.B., Dr. Hagerty again took winter duty for Dr. Warwick, overseas. William Head, B.C., no successor yet for Dr. Chester P. Brown. Prince Rupert, B.C., Dr. John Code substitutes for Dr. Tremayne, overseas. Stations, etc. — Grosse Isle, Que. — Vessels inspected 355, being an increase of 10 over last year, and at the advanced inspection Station at Riinouski, Que., 28, being a decrease of 12 since last year. Persons inspected at Grosse Isle 32,281, at Rimouski 16,707. A total of 48,988, a decrease of 4,348 since last year, of 102,329 as compared with the season of 1913, and of 244,5'SO as compared with 1914. Infectious disease occurred on 24 vessels. The admissions to hospital were 60. One death from diptheria. In 1913 there were 947 admissions, and in 1914, 1,720. These figures are liable to be equalled or surpassed after the war. By order of the Department dated August 3, 1916, all troop ships and Admiralty transports were exempted from quarantine inspection when in a healthy condition. Owing to the decrease this year in the number of mail steamers coming up the St. Lawrence, you were satisfied from the 1st of July, with two inspecting officers instead of three. Dts. Lepage and Lord continued on duty for the season. Halifax, N.S. — Vessels inspected 402, being 128 more than last year. Persons inspected 29,042, 18,347 less than last year. The admissions to hospital were eleven. St. John, N.B. — Vessels inspected 267, being 5 less than last year. Persons inspected 30,882, being an increase of 7,005 over last year. Admissions to hospital seven. Chatham, N.B. — Vessels inspected 120. Persons inspected 1,149. No quarantin- able disease. Digby, N.S. — No vessels for quarantine inspection. Sydney, N.S. — Vessels inspected 276, being 28 more than last year. Persons inspected 70,979, being within 54 of last years figure. Only two cases of sickness ; one case of measles, one case enteric fever. Louisburg, N. S. — Vessels inspected 78, as against 112 last year. Persons in- spected 2,119, last year 2,985. Charlottetown, P.E.I. — Vessels inspected 14. Persons inspected 114. No case of quarantinable disease was found on these vessels. The charge of two cases of measles in March off the Car Ferry belonging to the Marine Department was assumed as a help to that Department. As our quarantine hospital was not accessible at that time of year, they were treated at a private house. All expenses were assumed by this Department. In May a case of diphtheria in a member of the crew of the same Car Ferry was admitted to and treated in our quarantine hospital. Summerside, P.E.I. — No vessels for quarantine inspection. William Head, B.C. — Vessels inspected 230. Persons inspected 44,679. This shows an increase of 57 in vessels inspected, and of 17,899 in persons inspected as contrasted with last year. Smallpox was brought to the station by two steamships. Other minor diseases were amoebic dysentery varicella, and mumps. Total admissions to hospital fifteen. Owing to an outbreak of cholera in Japan from the beginning of Octobei all storage passengers from the Orient were detained for the bacteriological examination of their socretn. A total of 1,087 persons were so examined. No cholera carrier was found. 132 i)i:i'Ah'TMi:\r or acricilture 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 On the 24th February last the threatening Nod so far passed that these examina- tions were from that date suspended. Similar action was taken at the same time by the public health authorities of the contiguous ports of the United States. Victoria, B.C. — Vessels inspected six. Persons inspected 1,005. No quarantinable disease. Vancouver, B.C. — No vessels inspected. Prince Rupert, B.C. — No vessels inspected. A fresh water supply is urgently required. Also a disinfection building. There is, as yet, no provision made for handling an infected vessel at this port. Tracadie Leper Lazaretto. — There are at present only thirteen patients. Six males and seven females. Only about half the number present a few years ago. Two deaths during the year. No admissions. Those of the patients who are being treated by intra-muscular injections of Chaulmoogra Oil combined with camphor and resorcin show continued signs of improvement. The devotion and care given to the patients by the nursing religious sisters continue to be above all praise. Darcy Island Leper Lazaretto, B.C. — Five lepers have been admitted during the year. One a Japanese has been deported. One a Russian after three months observa- tion has been released under conditions of periodic examination as not being a menace to the public health. Two Chinese, and one, a Chilean-Kanaka, remain under treatment and care. The sudden death occurred on April 19 last of A. E. Wilson, the orderly and caretaker at Darcy Island. He had been for years a faithful and valuable official, and his death is a loss to the service. Public Works Health Act. — Mr. C. A. L. Fisher, your inspector for Eastern Can- ada states that the public works in his territory have been composed of railway, canal and mountain tunnel construction. He reports the year as having been exceptional in the non-appearance of infectious diseases amongst the men employed, with the excep- tion of half a dozen cases of enteric fever (mostly mild) on the Welland Ship Canal works. Mr. Fisher on his several tours of inspection found the medical service fully satisfactory, and the sleeping quarters and boarding of the men employed fully equal to the good conditions of previous years. Dr. A. E. Clendenan your inspector for Western Canada points out that the volume of work has been very materially lessened with the duration of the war. The Grand Trunk Pacific has ceased construction. The Canadian Pacific have no large undertakings since the completion of the Rogers Pass Tunnel. The Canadian Northern has only diminished numbers of employees on urgent lines. On the other hand the Edmonton, Dunvegan and British Columbia railway with its branch the Canada Central, The Hudson Bay railway, Esquimalt harbour on the Pacific ocean, and Nelson harbour on Hudson bay are all being pushed with the vigour of former years. The medical service has been such that no complaints have been made by employees. Not one epidemic of infectious disease has occurred during the year. Here and there individual cases cropped up but were so treated as to prevent their being a menace to others. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, , F. MONTIZAMBERT, M.D. Director-General of Public Health. MISCELLANEOUS 133 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15 MISCELLANEOUS. APPENDIX No. 2. EXHIBITIONS. San Diego, California, March 31 1917. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of the operation of the Exhibition Branch of your Department for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1917. During the whole fiscal year of 1910-17, our exhibit has been one of the main features of the Panama-California International Exposition, held at San Diego, Cali- fornia. This exposition opened its doors to the public on the 18th February, 1916. Our participation was then quite ready, the Canadian Building having in fact been opened to the visitors three days before the official opening, viz., on the 16th of February. Our display is installed in one of the finest buildings of the exposition which has been placed at our disposal by the management, free of charge. It occupies a most advantageous situation on the main thoroughfare of the exposition, so that no visit- ors to the grounds can fail it to see it. The Canadian exhibit is composed of the natural products of the country. It includes the products of agriculture, horticulture and forestry, as well as important collections of minerals and of fish and game specimens. The water-powers of Canada are also shown in relief .maps. The progress of colonization in our Country is fully illustrated by means of large panoramas and other pictures. Our transportation sys- tems are well advertised, especially those affording facilities for the handling of the crops in the Canadian Northwest. Our display of fresh and bottled fruit is parti- cularly effective, and our mineral exhibit is receiving the highest commendations from all. During the whole period of the exposition the weather was fine and the influx of tourists at San Diego very important. Large numbers of people visited the expo- sition, and very few of them, if any, failed to see our exhibit. One of the especially gratifying features of our participation was the visit of several high officials of the various United States transcontinental railroads, who were all very complimentary in their praise of our exhibit as a priceless advertise- ment for Canada and our three Canadian transcontinental railways. Numerous inquiries about the wheat lands of the Canadian Northwest were received by the staff, and also by the representative of the Department of the Inte- rior who had his quarters in the Canadian Building. The interest created regarding Canada in this part of the country by our exposition was very noticeable and has been demonstrated in a practical manner by the numerous bookings for the Canadian West that have been made continuously during the year. The Panama-California Intei*national Exposition was scheduled to close its doors on the 31st of December, 1916; but in view of the fact that the attendance at the end of the month of December was still very satisfactory, and considering also that during the winter months the tourists are very numerous in San Diego as well as in the whole of southern California, the management of the exposition decided to pro- long the exposition during three months, that is, until the end of March, 1917. The expectations of the committee in that respect were fully realized, as the success of the exposition continued unabated until the end of the three months* extension. We received an extensive and very complimentary publicity from all the news- papers of this part of the country, and the management of the exposition have been 134 DE/'ARTHEXT OF AG RICI ETC RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 very appreciative in tlieir remarks regarding the. value of our exhibit as a drawing card. And I am glad to state that, in fact, the Canadian exhibit has achieved here a great success, and of a kind that will entail the best practical and beneficial results for Canada. The whole respectfully submitted. WM. HUTCHISON, - Commissioner. The Honourable The Minister of Agriculture of Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada. 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CANADA A. 1918 REPORT OF THE VETERINARY DIRECTOR GENERAL (F. TORRANCE, B.A., D.V.S.) FOR THE YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 1917 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT. OTTAWA J. de LABROQUERIE TACHE PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1918 [No. 15b— 1918.] 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b A. 1918 REPORT OK THE VETERINARY DIRECTOR GENERAL. Ottawa, March 31, 1917. Sir, — I have the honour to present my report for the year ending March 31, 1917. The health of Canadian live stock has been fairly good, and the ravages of con- tagious diseases in general have been restrained within narrow limits, the statistics comparing favourably with those of previous years. The stamping out of foot-and- mouth disease in the United States has relieved us of much anxiety and enabled us to dispense with the extra precautions it had been necessary to take for the protection of Canada from this infection. Tuberculosis of hogs is shown by slaughter-house statis- tics to have again increased, and during the past five years has increased at the rate of 1 per cent per annum, and is now at the alarming figure of 19-37 per cent of hogs under federal inspection. The figures for cattle do not show any corresponding increase, the percentage for the same five years remaining practically stationary. Conserva- tion of food demands that this great loss of food, lost through condemnation of tuber- cular meats, should be prevented by attacking the sources of infection and preventing the spread of the disease from cattle to hogs. This can be accomplished to a great extent by the sterilization of the by-products of cheese factories and creameries, and in my opinion this should be made compulsory. The cost of sterilization would be more than repaid by the protection of hogs and calves against tuberculosis. In spite of the absence on military service of many members of our staff, the work of the branch has been carried on efficiently and economically, in both the Contagious Diseases and Meat Inspection Divisions. A detailed description of the work of the two divisions follows, beginning with our field work in control of contagious diseases. GLANDERS. A slight reduction in the number of horses destroyed is noted, as compared with last year, and, as before, the greater number of these were found in Saskatchewan. As previously indicated in former reports, the conditions in that province render the eradication more difficult than in other parts of Canada, and I am glad to note a reduction from 191 killed in 1916, to 164 killed in 1917. Dominion. — Two were killed on inspection, 187 at first test, 31 at second test, 7 at third test. 1 at fourth test, total 228 (valued at $33,609, at a cost of $22,238.95). Eighty-two showed clinical symptoms. Eight thousand four hundred and eleven horses were tested with mallein, of which 233 reacted, 229 reactors being destroyed, the remaining 4 were returned to the United States. Of the 233 reactors, 82 showed clinical symptoms of glanders at or daring the test. Eighty-four horses are under control for retest. Of the above 229 horses slaughtered, 2 were killed without compensation. 15b— 1 \ 4 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Nova Scotia. — Fifty-two horses were tested and proved to be healthy. New Brunswick. — One hundred horses and one Shetland pony tested and proved to be healthy. Quebec. — Eight were killed at first test, 1 at second test, total 9 (valued at $1,494; at a cost of $995.99). Six showed clinical symptoms. Seven hundred and ninety-five horses were tested with mallein, of which 9 reacted and were destroyed. Of the 9 reactors, 6 showed clinical symptoms at or during the test. No horses are under control for retest. Of the nine slaughtered, 5 were in the electoral district of Nicolet, 2 in Terre- bonne, 1 in Dorchester, and 1 in Pontiac. Ontario. — One horse reacted to first test and was destroyed. Two hundred and ninety-three horses, 5 mules, and one jack were tested with mallein ; one horse reacted and was destroyed, having been imported at Cornwall, Ont. Manitoba. — Six hundred and sixty-two horses and seven mules were submitted to the mallein test for the first time, and nine horses to the second test; all proved healthy. Saskatchewan. — One hundred and twenty-four were killed at 1st test, 30 at 2nd test, 7 at 3rd test, 1 at 4th test, 2 on inspection ; total, 164 (valued at $24,320, at a cost of $16,046.35). Fifty-two showed clinical symptoms. Four thousand seven hundred and twelve horses, 89 mules, 4 asses, were tested ■with mallein, of which 165 reacted; 164 were destroyed and one returned to the United States. Of the 165 reactors, 52 showed clinical symptoms at or during the test. Six horses are under control for retest. Of the 164 horses slaughtered, 97 were in the electoral district of Regina, 46 in Moose Jaw, 13 in Assiniboia, 4 in Humboldt, 4 in Battleford. Alberta. — Fifty-four were killed at 1st test, 1 at 2nd test; total, 55 (valued at $7,795, at a cost of $5,196.61). Twenty-four showed clinical symptoms. Some 1.167 horses and 20 mules were tested -with mallein, of which 55 horses reacted and were destroyed. Of the 55 reactors, 24 showed clinical symptoms at or during the test. Seventy-eight horses are under control for retest. Of the 55 slaughtered, 39 were in the electoral district of Macleod, and 16 in Medicine Hat. British Columbia. — A total of 496 horses and 6 mules were tested with mallein, of which 3 reacted and were returned to United States. ¥ ukon Territory. — One horse tested at White Horse, and proved healthy. HOG CHOLERA. Comparing this year with last, our losses show a reduction of 18-8 per cent. Again most of our outbreaks started from premises where raw garbage was fed to pigs. Our system of licensing garbage feeders appears to be working well, enabling us to maintain a close supervision over these places, and to get early information of the appearance of disease. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 3 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b The use of serum for the protection of exposed hogs has been as extensive as cir- cumstances would permit, and has resulted in a large saving to the country and to the hog raisers. Serum Treatment of Hogs, 1916-17. A total of 7,197 hogs were serum treated, 7 of which received second treatment; 289,794 cubic centimetres were used in above-mentioned treatment. Serum cost, $4,350. Amount saved by serum treatment — Compensation saved to Department . $ 72,000 Value saved to owners (estimated) 144,000 $216,000 In the Dominion, 4,623 hogs, valued at $19,607.50, were destroyed as diseased, at a cost of $30, 497-98 in compensation. Nova Scotia. — $130 was paid for hogs slaughtered the previous fiscal year. New Brunswick. — One owner's premises were quarantined on suspicion, involving the control of 1 hog. Quebec. — Thirty-five outbreaks of hog cholera occurred, in which 1,570 hogs, valued at $21,160, were destroyed in the undermentioned districts, at a cost of $14,030.59 in compensation; 148 premises were also quarantined on suspicion, involv- ing the control of 606 hogs; 4 hogs, valued at $54, were destroyed for purposes of examination, but no evidence of hog cholera was found. No. Hogs No. Hogs District. outbreaks. destroyed. District. outbreaks. destroyed. Jacques Cartier . 2 84 LeVis 2 7 Laval 4 317 Champlain 1 57 Montmorency . 3 50 LotbiniSre 1 8 Quebec 4 764 Montcalm 1 5 Terrebonne 2 40 Portneuf 1 2 Bagot 2 32 Dorchester 1 6 Two Mountains 1 53 Beauce 1 2 Compton 1 4 Richelieu 1 42 Rouville 3 ol Three Rivers - and St. Argenteuil 1 10 Maurice 1 S Nicolet 1 35 Bellechasse 1 13 35 1,570 Ontario. — Forty-five outbreaks of hog cholera occurred in Ontario, in which 2,887 hogs, valued at $26,980.50, were destroyed in the undermentioned districts, at a cost of $15,489.40 in compensation; 439 premises were also quarantined on suspicion, involving the control of 6,603 hogs; 45 hogs, valued at $349.50, were destroyed for purposes of examination, but no evidence of hog cholera was found. No. Hogs No. Hogs District. - outbreaks. destroyed. District. outbreaks. destroyed. Welland 3 148 Simcoe, S.R 2 105 Middlesex 1 59 Simcoe, N.R 2 140 Essex, N.R 1 46 Lincoln 2 2«5 Essex, S.R 3 125 Nipissing 3 173 Kent, E.R 1 183 Parrv Sound 1 115 Kent, W.R 1 203 Lambton, E.R 2 44 peel 1 149 Lambton, W.R 2 42 York, N.R 1 62 Norfolk 1 216 York, C.R 1 63 Waterloo, S.R 1 85 York, S.R 1 15S Hastings, E.R 1 .42 Elgin, E.R 1 4 Russell 3 307 Elgin, W.R 1 41 Carleton 1 49 Algoma, E.R 3 37 Huron, E.R 1 19 Ontario, S.R 1 4 Brockville 1 47 Glengarry 1 4 Wentworth 1 > 2 45 2 S87 6 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Manitoba. — One outbreak of hog cholera occurred in Manitoba, in which 17 hogs, valued at $198, were destroyed without compensation. Saskatchewan. — No outbreak of hog cholera occurred in Saskatchewan during the year 1916-17; 5 premises were quarantined on suspicion, involving the control of 218 hogs ; 9 hogs, valued at $77, were destroyed for purposes of examination, but no evidence of hog cholera was found. Alberta. — Eight outbreaks of hog cholera occurred in Alberta, in which 145 hogs, valued at $1,424, were slaughtered in the undermentioned districts at a cost of $949.33 in compensation; 8 premises were quarantined on suspicion, involving the control of 396 hogs ; 11 hogs, valued at $127.50, were destroyed for purposes of examina- tion, but no evidence of hog cholera was found. No. No. Hogs District. Outbreaks. destroyed. Edmonton 1 140 Macleod 1 5 2 145 British Columbia. — One outbreak of hog cholera occurred in British Columbia, in which 5 hogs, valued at $43 were slaughtered at a cost of $28.66 in compensation. The above mentioned premises were in the electoral district of Nanaimo. One owner's premises were also quarantined on suspicion, involving the control of 73 hogs. One of these hogs was destroyed for purposes of examination, at owner's request, but no evidence of hog cholera was found. DOURINE. A total of 48 animals, valued at $4,924, were slaughtered as being affected with this disease, at a cost of $3,222.63, distributed as follows: — Province. Electoral District. Animals Quarantined . Slaughtered. Saskatchewan. Alberta. Manitoba. Battleford... . Moose Jaw Medicine Hat Macleod Red Deer Calgary Strathcona. . . Victoria Dauphin 40 79 15 4 1 V 140 1 141 1 11 35 1 47 In the electoral district of Medicine Hat there was one animal, valued at $30, taken over for experimental purposes at a cost of $20 in compensation. HEALTH OF A VIMAL8 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b IIORSK MA N( i K. Province. Outbreaks. Animals Affected. Animals Quarantined. Saskatchewan 6 62 122 376 172 5 In the province of Quebec, electoral district of Beauce, one animal, valued at $200, was slaughtered, $133 being paid in compensation. Some 16,194 horses and 95 mules were inspected on being presented for shipment from the quarantined area in Alberta and Saskatchewan. CATTLE MANGE. This disease remains confined to certain portions of southern Alberta and south- western Saskatchewan, the infected district comprising what is known as the mange area. The movement of cattle from this area is under strict regulation, all cattle requiring veterinary inspection and dipping, unless destined to an abattoir for imme- diate slaughter. Within the area, continual efforts are being made to eradicate the dis- ease by systematic dipping. Progress in this direction is fairly satisfactory, and, as a result, the number of infected herds is being reduced, and from time to time, as .con- ditions warrant, the mange area is reduced in size. Animals Animals Province. Outbreaks. Affected. Quarantined. Saskatchewan 12 892 10,799 Alberta 40 628 38,613 52 1,520 49,412 Some 33,082 cattle were inspected on being presented for shipment from the quarantined area in Alberta and Saskatchewan, and 158,868 cattle were inspected in Winnipeg on arrival from points west thereof. RABIES. Alberta.' — In Calgary, Alta., one owner's premises were quarantined. Ontario. — In Ontario, 51 piemisfis were quarantined distributed as follows: — District. Dufferin Durham Elgin, W.R. . . . Halton Middlesex, N.R. E.R. Peel Perth, S.R. Oxford, S.R. Toronto South , Premises quarantined. District. Toronto Centre Welland Waterloon, S.R. Wellington, S.R. York, C.R N.R " S.R Premises quarantined. 1 6 1 1 4 3 8 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 SHEEP SCAB. In Quebec, one sheep was quarantined in the electoral district of Montmorency, on suspicion of sheep scab. In Manitoba, 54 animals on four premises were found to be affected with sheep scab, involving the control of 226 animals on 10 premises as follows: — District. Affected. Quarantined. Dauphin 54 214 Portage la Prairie 0 12 54 226 In accordance with the quarantine regulations, 49,802 sheep, imported into Canada, were quarantined for the prescribed period of thirty days. TUBERCULOSIS. Our further experience in the operation of the new regulations shows that a step in the right direction has been taken. The absence of friction between our officers and the dairymen, whose herds have come under our regulations, is an indication that they are receiving fair treatment. It is also gratifying to note the comparatively small expense that has been incurred in removing tuberculous cows from the herds supplying milk to the two cities which have accepted federal aid. The experience of these cities will be likely to induce other municipalities to follow their example and thus protect their citizens from the danger of consuming raw milk from suspicious and perhaps diseased cows. Some 444 cattle were tested on being imported into Canada, 13 of which reacted, S were classed as suspicious, arid 423 proved healthy. There were 1,802 cattle tested for export, 53 of which reacted, 6 were classed as suspicious, and 1,743 proved healthy. A total of 2,991 cattle were tested, some being for shipment to different provinces of the Dominion, and others in herds under the supervision of the department, 207 reacted, 12 were classed as suspicious and 2,772 proved healthy. There were 5,741 cattle tested by private practitioners, 481 of which reacted, 69 were classed as suspicious and 5,191 proved healthy. All reactors were permanently earmarked by a veterinary inspector, in cases where the owner did not voluntarily destroy them. MUNICIPAL TESTING. Saskatoon Statistics. — Of 954 cattle submitted to first test, 13 were reactors, or 1-36 per cent; 1,058 submitted to second test, 16 were reactors, or 1-5 per cent; 435 submitted to third test, 5 were reactors, or 1-1 per cent; 129 submitted to fourth test, no reactors; 24 submitted to fifth test, no reactors; 14 submitted to sixth test, no reactors. Seven reactors slaughtered; valua $1,605; compensation, $534.30. Four reactors, purchased subject to test, were returned to previous owners. Three reactors not yet slaughtered. In addition to the above, 9 animals which reacted during 1915-16 were slaughtered this year; value, $960; compensation, $202.95. Regina. — Testing commenced March, 1916, and was continued until September, 1916. Hi: A l. Til OF AMU ! /..'.' SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b Of 2,253 cattle submitted to first test, 117 were reactors, or 5 19 per cent; 443 submitted to second test, 4 were reactors, or 0-9 per cent; 120 submitted to third test, no reactors. Eighty-five reactors slaughtered, value, $5,140, compensation, $1,624.77. ANTHRAX. The following outbreaks were reported and dealt with during the year: — Animals Province. Outbreaks. Quarantined. Quebec 4 103 Ontario 6 246 Alberta 1 120 11 469 SCABIES IN FOXES. In Prince Edward Island, four foxes were quarantined on suspicion. IMPORT INSPECTIONS. Import inspections from United States and Newfoundland were: 63,624 horses, 10,694 mules, 6,146 cattle, 70,848 sheep, 223 swine, 147 goats, 19 asses, 3 foxes, 9 bears, 1 buffalo, 11 ponies, 2 deer, 2 donkeys, 9 camels, 2 wild horses, 2 burros, 72 elk. Import inspections from Europe and elsewhere were: 80 horses, 299 cattle, 389 sheep, 10 swine, 1 jackass, 2 dogs. A total of 3,673 horses were tested on arrival from the United States and allowed to proceed to their destination. 10 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 PURE BRED IMPORTS. • HORSES. Breed. Great Britain. United States. Elsewhere. Total. Belgian 13 13 Clydesdale 68 3 71 Hackney 1 3 .... 4 Percheron 154 154 Shetland 7 7 Shire 1 1 Standardbred 84 84 Thoroughbred 9 12 21 Welsh Pony 3 3 Total 79 279 358 CATTLE. Breed. Aberdeen Angus. Ayrshire . Brown Swiss . . . Dutch Belted . . . Guernsey Hereford Holstein Jersey Polled Angus . . . Polled Durham . Shorthorn Total Great Britain. United States. Elsewhere. Total. 37 37 "18 4.' 22 13 13 1 1 10 10 25 25 21 21 60 ' 25 85 15 27 42 3 3 *308 1 309 341 202 25 568 SHEEP. Breed. Great Britain. United States. Elsewhere. Total. Cotswold 15 15 Dorset 7 .... 7 Hampshire 59 .... 59 Karakul , 117 117 Lincoln 102 3 105 Leicester 2 .... .... 2 Oxford 12 12 Shropshire 266 70 336 Southdown 6 44 50 Suffolk 4 .... 4 Total 407 183 117 707 SWINE. Breed. Great Britain. United States. Elsewhere. Total. Berkshire 3 4 T Chester White 8 . • • • • 8 Duroc Jersey 11 •••• H Large Black 5 .... .... ■> Ohio Improved Chester 2 .... 2 Poland China 1 1 Tamworth 2 .... - Yorkshire 2 .... .... 2 Total 10 2<8 38 GOATS. Breed. Great Britain. United States. Elsewhere. Total. Anglo Nubian 11 • • • • H Toggenburg 1 — • 1 Total 12 32 HEALTH OF AS I MA LS 1 1 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b DISEASED IMPORTS. Port. Cornwall, Out. — Horses .... Big Muddy, Sask. — Horses. . Kingsgate, B.C. — Horses . . . Grand Forks, B.C. — Horses Bridesville, B.C. — Goats . . . Huntingdon, B.C. — Cattle . . No. animals in infected shipments. No. of shipments. No. of animals infected. Origin. United States Action. Reactor destroyed. Both returned. Both returned. All returned. Returned. Returned. Total 18 • ANIMALS INSPECTED EOR EXPORT. Port. Horses. Cattle. Sheep. Charlottetown to Newfoundland 50 268 245 Summerside " 4 3 65 " United States ' . . 11 Halifax to Newfoundland 6 1 " " Great Britain 2,796 " " St. Pierre and Miquelon .. 48 32 " Bermuda 18 24 2 " " Jamaica .. 2 } ■ " " United States " " * New Zealand Sydney to Newfoundland 200 1,205 223 St. John to destination unknown 2,053 . . . . • " United States 1 Toronto to " 10,095 2,091 " " Bermuda . . 42 Totals 5,127 11,689 2,669 Swine. Dogs. 166 so 256 Cats. * 1 monkey. LABORATORIES. The biological laboratory at Ottawa has continued to supply the mallein and tuberculin used by our officers in the diagnosis of glanders and tuberculosis, and has furnished an immense amount of black-leg vaccine, which is sold to farmers at a nominal price, and used for the protection of their herds against that disease. Other biological products, such as strangles and influenza bacterins have been produced in limited quantities, much of it supplied to the British Remount Commission for use in Canadian remount depots. Anti-abortion vaccine has also been prepared for use by our officers in experimental work in this disease. The staff of this laboratory has also done much useful work in examining morbid specimens sent in for diagnosis, in research work on diseases of poultry, and in the mounting and preparation of speci- mens for exhibition. The branch laboratories at Lethbridge and Agassiz have done useful work in deal- ing with local problems affecting the live stock of southern Alberta and British Columbia, respectively. Dourine has chiefly occupied the attention of our acting pathologist at Lethbridge, his work in the serum diagnosis of that disease being of inestimable value in its eradication. At the Agassiz laboratory, the careful research work of Dr. Hadwen has already added much to our knowledge of the life-history of some important parasites of cattle and sheep. The value of such information is very great, as, without it, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to devise means for dealing with these parasites. A tecbnical bulletin on the subject has been published. 12 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 MEAT INSPECTION DIVISION. Owing to the heavy demand for meat foods, for the Allied armies as well as the peoples of Great Britain, Erance and Italy, the Meat Inspection Division has experienced its busiest year since the inception of its work and the beginning of the war. This greatly increased amount of work has not only involved added responsi- bilities, but has been performed under what in ordinary times would have been con- sidered hardship and a handicap, owing to a shortage of experienced help. Yet your responsible officers met and handled the unusual situation cheerfully and no less effectively, thanks largely to the capability of the inspectors in charge of the various plants. The question of overtime work by our officers in establishments had been under consideration, and finally special reports were called for in connection with it. These contained conclusive evidence that, in many instances, overtime work had not been warranted. While, perhaps, it may be impracticable, if not impossible, to entirely eliminate the practice of overtime work in establishments generally, it has been reduced materially in some of them, while in others it has ceased altogether. This change has been brought about through a plan adopted in October, and agreed to by the packers without demur, whereby the management of an inspected establishment shall pay for the services, after 6.30 p.m. o'clock, of an inspector; veterinarians at the rate of 75 cents, and lay inspectors at the rate of 50 cents per hour. The department's annual qualifying examination for veterinarians was held at various points in Canada on April 22, 1916. Fifty candidates wrote on the papers of this examination, which was passed by thirty-three, ten of whom have been appointed to positions in the Meat Inspection service. The regular increases in salary were given at the beginning of the year, and they were, I need hardly say, much appreciated. During the year many improvements were made in establishments under inspec- tion. Owing to the greatly increased amount of business in such establishments, some large additions were made to several of them. These additions being up to date in construction and equipment, a great and economic step forward has been made, as such additions are naturally much more readily maintained in a proper sanitary condition. This stands for the conservation of meat foods, and lessens materially the condemnation of foods because of contamination. Legal action was taken by the department during the year in two cases of violation of the Meat and Canned Foods Act. One violation was an illegal shipment at Moose Creek, Ont. The other was by a railway in Quebec, which broke a seal on a car of meats. In each case a conviction was secured and a fine imposed. The new Union abattoir in Winnipeg was completed in 1916, and began operations under inspection on December 14, 1916. It is officially known as Establishment No. 8. The following statistics are respectfully submitted: — A. Total slaughter: — Cattle Sheep Swine 648,859, Increase over 1915-16, 416,575, " 1915-16, 2,245,511, Decrease underl915-16, 106,705 head or 19-68 percent. 13,428 " 3-33 118,182 " 500 " HEALTH OF AN I M ALU 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b B. The provinces show increases or decreases as follows : — 1 rovincc. Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Head Per cent Head Per cent Head Per cent +48-557 19-43 + 1-291 0-77 -79-165 5-54 + 8-497 4-77 -2-448 1 -90 -48-611 12-56 +26-300 58-58 +5-072 19-78 -13-868 6-76 + 3-717 78-73 -2-661 34-93 -11-196 25 06 Alberta +17-394 37-88 +4-970 14-18 +29-567 12-58 British Columbia + 2-461 15-59 + 138 0-67 + 10-879 27-01 + 380 100-00 +1-490 21-74 P.E.I - 601 22-16 +3,576 44 15 - 5,788 24-90 C. The percentage of slaughter for each province for the total for all Canada: — Province. Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Per cent Per cent Per cent 45-99 . 40-21 60 10 Quebec 28-79 30-32 15 07 Manitoba 10-97 7-37 8-50 Saskatchewan : . . 1-30 1-18 1-49 Alberta 9-76 9-64 11-78 2-81 4-91 2-28 006 200 Prince Edward Island 0-32 4-37 0-78 SLAUGHTERINGS. Cattle. — With the exception of a decrease in Prince Edward Island, all the prov- inces showed an increase in cattle killed. Sheep. — In sheep killings, we find Quebec and Saskatchewan behind last year, while other provinces are ahead. Swine. — In swine, we find all provinces showing a decrease, with the exception of Alberta and British Columbia. Provincial percentage to total kill (see table C).— Ontario still holds the highest percentage to total kill in the three species, although slightly lower than last year. Quebec shows a larger decrease than Ontario, while Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta show increases in cattle. Only Manitoba and Alberta improve their position in sheep, Saskatchewan being lower, than last year, Alberta and British Columbia being the only western provinces to show an increase in percentage of hogs killed to total. 14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 CARCASS CONDEMNATIONS. Cattle. — The percentage of carcass condemnations this year is 1-68 per cent against 1-95 per cent last year. This of itself is very satisfactory, but the proportion condemned for tuberculosis is much higher than last year, namely, 39-90 per cent against 31-20 per cent previous year. This is probably due to the large number of canner stock killed. Those condemned for bruises, cripples, and imperfect bleeding are slightly under last year, 3-41 per cent against 3-89 per cent. Calves condemned for immaturity are considerably lower than previous year, 37-75 per cent against 48-03 per cent. Emaciated cattle are a little lower than last year, 5-61 per cent against 6-58 per cent. The porportion of calves killed to total kill is a little lower than last year, 14-83 per cent against 17-20 last year. Sheep. — The slightly lower percentage of sheep carcasses condemned, 12 per cent against 14 per cent calls for little or no comment. Swine. — Comparatively, there is no difference between the number of swine car- casses condemned this year and last, the percentages being 0-27 per cent and 0-28 per cent, respectively, while the total percentage is about the same. We find that those condemned for tuberculosis are a little higher than last year, 62-22 per cent against 61-76, while those condemned for cyst, cellulosce are a little lower, 8*10 per cent against 8-28 per cent. The condemnations for hog cholera amounted to only 72 carcasses, which is very satisfactory. Other condemnations run around the same per cent as in the previous year, and call for no comment. In looking over our imports we find that Canada brought in from U.S.A. points over 153,000,000 pounds of pork. The greater proportion of this was in the shape of singed sides to make Wiltshire bacon to enable the packer to fill war orders. These singed sides equalled 1,040,000 singed hogs, and weighed about 119,000,000 pounds, the balance, 34,000,000 pounds, being hams, backs, other cuts, and barrelled pork. This 34,000,000 pounds is equal to about 260,000 hogs which, added to 1,040,000 singed, bring the American hog import to an equivalent of 1,300,000 hogs, or around 58 per cent of what was killed in Canadian houses under Government inspection. It seems strange that with the unprecedented high prices of the past year that the Canadian farmers do not produce more hogs. Of course we are not alone in this respect, our neighbours have the same condition to report. It makes one ask the question: Is Canada, with all its possibilities, producing all the hogs she can? In the face of the increasing population and the ever-increasing demands from England and her allies for hog meats and fats, the situation is looking very serious, for at present the United States and Canada are the only countries to whom England and her allies can look to for increased supplies of this kind. In looking over our exports, it is satisfactory to note that we only exported 166,236 head of cattle (about 33 per cent of which were under one year), against 241,578 last year. There is also a reduction in sheep, 59,340 (73 per cent of which might be classed as lambs), against 94,588 the previous year. Our bacon exports increased 64 million pounds over last year. HEALTH OF ANIMALS 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b Below you will find u comparison between hog killing of Canada, Denmark, and Ireland for calendar years: — Year. Canada. Denmark. Ireland. 1912 1,650,966 1,564,246 2,255,479 2,616,461 2,313,389 1,358,646 2,084,786 2,215,850 2,654,041 1,960,965 1,534,011 950,000* 1,416,490 1,181,285 1,266,620 1,376,063 1,277,050 697,900 1913 1914 1915 1916 ♦Estimated. 16 DEPARTMENT OF AGR1 CULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 co oo — co >o c-i co" •—4 ■ ic "O "O — ■ cj »o CO u o o - lO -h CO t"~ o o o MCltfl -t> en ct> so ~h LO o -h Q ci ■' r. . - ■r. - -■ — to CO 't, >> >> e H o .S z ..2: z >■ = - ~ _' 0 ag-e : Es .J I h 2 1 S a ~ ~ - 5 3 s h o It ><' >jO g r>C-i.T3 O 3 «! J) a o _ § S 8 2 S3 a CJ J; " X X X X -///•: 1 ///'// OF .1 \ 7.1/ m.s SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b us j> CM 00 — ■ - o t-1 — so — . oo SO S3 S-S - = r i 3 - a . - 15b— 2 18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 The following summary shows the results of post-mortem inspections of cattle, sheep, and swine from April 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917 :— Cattle marked "Canada Approved Carcasses of cattle "Condemned". Percentage of cattle "Condemned' Portions of cattle "Condemned" . . Sheep marked "Canada Approved Carcasses of sheep "Condemned" Percentage of sheep "Condemned Portions of sheep "Condemned".. Swine marked "Canada Approved" 2,239,375 Carcasses of swine "Condemned" 6,136 Percentage of swine "Condemned" "27 Portions of swine "Condemned" 1,031,942 Total number of carcasses "Passed" 3,293,388 Total number of carcasses "Condemned" 17,557 Percentage of carcasses "Condemned" *53 Total number of portions "Condemned" 1,369,232 In addition to the animals slaughtered at inspected establishments, the following amounts of dressed and cured meats and lard, etc., were received during the fiscal year from foreign countries :— Lb. Beef, 11,542,163 Mutton 762,164 Pork 140,966,449 Lard 1,424,712 During the course of reinspection the following meats were condemned: — Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Poultry. lb. lb. lb. lb. 7,866 45 66,698 190,259 8,224 81,670 356,318 2,150 168,134 147,453 4,819 174,759 10,487 28 6,875 1,517 712,383 15,266 498, 136 1,517 Total amount condomned on re-inspection, 1,225,785 pounds. FRUIT AXD VEGETABLES. Owing to labour conditions, the plants engaged in canning fruits and vegetables have been under a severe handicap. A number of them did not operate at all. As a result, the total of the pack was much less, and the prices were much higher than would otherwise doubtless have been the case. Sanitary conditions are well maintained. Their improvement during the past four years has been very marked. Samples of all canned fruits and vegetables in Canada have been examined, and a record made. This record constitutes convincing evidence that, for the protection of the trade and the consumer, standards of quantity and quality should be established, promulgated, and enforced. The first steps are now being taken to that end. 637,956 10,903 1*68 215,072 416,057 518 •12 122,218 // i: \LTH OF A .\ IMM.s n SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15b The evaporators have been reported by our inspectors to be in good condition.. Owing to the scarcity of apples, but about 40 per cent of the evaporators were operated during the year. However, the quality of the output was a decided improvement upon that of previous years. There has been quality if not quantity this year. Our super- vision of the manufacture of evaporated apples, and our insistence upon the moisture- content being not more than 25 per cent, have been the primary causes of that improvement in quality shown "in the high grade of evaporated apples now on sale. EVAPORATED AND CONDENSED MILK. The establishments manufacturing evaporated and condensed milk have bad an exceptionally heavy year, but nevertheless the plants have been well maintained. During the year, sediment tests were made of all milk supplied by the various patrons. The results of these tests were compared with those of tests made of milk supplied to the retail t;rade in cities and towns, to butter factories and -to cheese factories. The comparison has shown that a capital quality of clean milk was being supplied to the manufacturers of evaporated and condensed milk. The favourable nature of this comparison reflects credit not only upon the patrons, but also upon the manufacturers of evaporated and condensed milk. It demonstrates that the manufac- turers' campaign among their suppliers has been effective and therefore a success. 8 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c. A. 1918 REPORT ON THE AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION ACT 1916-1917 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA J. de LABROQUERIE TACHE PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1918 [No. 15c— 1918.] 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c A. 1918 Ottawa, December 15, 1917. To the Hon. T. A. Crerar, Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to present herewith my report for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1917, as Commissioner under the Agricultural Instruction Act. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, W. J. BLACK, Commissioner. 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c A. 1918 CONTENTS. Page. Ontario 8' Quebec 22 Manitoba 37 Saskatchewan .- 45 Alberta 55 British Columbia 60 Nova Scotia 68 New Brunswick 76 Prince Edward Island 82 Veterinary Colleges '. 87 5 8 GEORGE V SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c A. 1918 REPORT ON THE AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION ACT FOR THE FISCAL YEAR 1916-17. Tabled in 'pursuance of Section 8 of the above named Act. Dominion Grant of 1916-17. dates of payments and amounts paid to provinces. Province. Date. 1st Half. Date. 2nd Half. $ cts. - $ cts. June 23, '16. 37,429 64 Sept. 8, '16.. 37,429 64 Saskatchewan Sept. 18, '16.. 37,434 88 Aug. 28, '17. . 37,434 88 New Brunswick June 15, '16. . 29, 604 80 Oct. 23, '16. . 29,604 80 British Columbia July 20, '16. . 31,866 25 Jan. 12, '17. . 31,866 25 Manitoba Aug. 17, '16. . 29,383 60 Nov. 22, '16. . 29,383 60 Alberta June 24, '16. . 30,873 61 Dec. 13, '16. . - 30,873 61 17, '16. . 15,221 87 Nov. 22, '16. . 15,221 ^ Quebec June 29, '16. . 121,606 12 Nov. 22, '16.. 121,606 12 Ontario June 8, '16. . 125,579 22 Jan. 12, '17. . 150,579 23 Oct. 6, '16. . 25,000 00 VETERINARY COLLEGES. Ecole de M6decin et de Science V6terinaire de Montreal S 5,714.28 • (Paid on 4th January, 1917.) 7 8 DEJ'AETMEXT OF AORICI ' LT1 RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918, ONTARIO. AGREEMENT 1916-17. 1. District Representative work including clerical or other assistance in connection with the administration $120,000 00 2. Agricultural College: — (a) Capital expenditure §55,000 00 (b) Salaries and expenses of additions to staff and maintenance 14,000 00 69,000 00 3. O.A.C. Short Courses, travelling and living expenses of winners of Acre Profit and Live Stock competitions 1,800 00 4. To encourage agriculture, manual training as applied to work on the farm and Domestic Science in High, Public, Separate and Continuation Schools, and in Universities, to be available for grants and for travelling and living expenses of teachers and others in attendance at Short Courses or other educational gatherings, in addition to services, expenses and equipment, and to be paid out on the recommendation of the Department of Education. . 26,000 00 5. Educational work in connection with the marketing of farm products, including organiza- tion of co-operative societies, collection, printing and distribution of information on current prices and systems of marketing 5,000 00 6. Stock and Seed judging Short Courses and Institute Lecture Work 2,000 00 7. Drainage Work 10,000 00 8. Demonstration and instruction in vegetable growing. . . .'. 4,000 00 9. Demonstration work on soils 4,200 00 10. Work in Beekeeping 1,500 00 11. Dairy Demonstrations 1,658 45 12. Fruit Work:— (a) Experimental work at Vineland Horticultural Experimental Station. 82,500 00 (6) Demonstrations with vegetables and hardy fruits in Xew Ontario. . 3,500 00 6,000 00 13. To provide for Agricultural School, including purchase of land, construction of buildings, purchase of equipment, and other services and expenses pertaining thereto, including operation and maintenance of the same 50,000 00 $301,158 45 District Representative Work. The work of the District Representatives has developed into the most important branch of the work of the Agricultural Department. During the past year there were 45 offices in as many different counties or districts. Formerly it was the policy of the Department to have the offices in charge of a graduate of the Ontario Agricultural College with either an undergraduate or graduate as Assistant. In view of the large number of enlistments, 25 of the men engaged in this work having responded to the call to the colours, it was decided that it would be impossible to attempt to continue Assistants in all of the offices. Hence it was decided that Assistants would be supplied only in the larger counties and that, in the other counties the work of the District Representatives might be supplemented by local help. In most cases some young farmers who have taken a Short Course at the College or at a District Representative Agricultural Class were utilized in plot inspection, helping at School Fairs or the other phases where extra help was needed for short periods. Necessarily a great deal of attention has been devoted to the campaign for increased production so necessary under war conditions. In addition to giving information on all kinds of subjects, they have rendered special assistance in the matter of distribution of seed and distribution of labour. The offices of the District Representatives have been designated as branches of the Labour Bureau so that farmers might apply locally, and if their requests could not be filled locally, they would be passed on to the central office. In addition to this special work, the regular work of the District Representatives has been well maintained. One of the important features of this work has been that devoted to interesting the boys and girls on the farm in A.GRICI I I i R \L I.\ 8TRI CTIOK ACT 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c farm matters and imparting information as to better methods. One of the most effective means of accomplishing this has been the School Fair, and the following figures will show that the School Fair movement has developed in spite of the shortage of help and the difficulties incidental to war conditions: — 1915 1916 Number of fairs held 234 275 Number of schools included 2, 291 2, 620 Number of children taking part 48,386 60,262 Attendance at fairs 157 , 266 1 78 , 246 Number of entries 116,236 113,263 Number of home plots *. 51,243 55,947 In the matter of Agricultural Classes the War has had a greater effect, as a considerable number of those who would otherwise attend have volunteered for active service or have been required to stay at home on account of the shortage of labour. The total attendance last winter at these Classes extending over four weeks was in the neighbourhood of 800. Out of these Classes have grown the Junior Farmers' Improvement Associations, an organization to maintain and carry on the interest developed in the Classes by a series of experiments and the Inter-County Live Stock Judging Competitions. In connection with the latter it may be explained that a Team comprising three chosen from the Classes represents the County at the Winter Fair at Guelph for Western Ontario to compete for a cup donated by the late Hon. J. S. Duff, and Teams similarly chosen from the Counties in Eastern Ontario meet at Ottawa to compete for a cup donated by Peter White, K.C. The winners, which last year were York and Dundas Counties respectively, met in Toronto early in February during the meeting of the Live Stock Associations and competed for a Provincial Champion- ship Cup donated by the Union Stock Yards. This was won by Dundas County, which has the honour of holding the first Provincial Championship. Other work carried on by District Representatives included Home Vegetable Garden Contests, Acre Profit and Live Stock Competitions, campaign against the smut menace, drainage surveys, demonstration orchards, alfalfa experiments, addressing educational and co-operative gatherings of various kinds, and a large variety of other very useful work. Women's Institutes. Although no appropriation was included in last year's Federal Grant for Women's Institutes, considerable work was done with the balance left from the previous agreement. This was very largely spent in providing speakers for Women's Institute meetings held throughout the Province. The special feature being developed in this connection is a two weeks' domestic science course for girls carried on much the same as the four weeks' courses in agriculture for boys. Very frequently, but not always, this is held at the same time and place as the boys' course, and the community of interest adds to the success of both courses. Last winter one of the girls' classes joined the boys' class in an excursion to Toronto where they visited the offices of the Department of Agriculture, after which the girls visited the Technical School and places for domestic science training, while the boys visited the Stock Yards and other similar points of agricultural interest. Last winter some 80 of these Classes were held throughout the Province with an attendance of over 2,500. Drainage Wckk. Two distinct lines of drainage work have been carried on. The availability of additional funds has greatly increased the usefulness of the work directed from the Ontario Agricultural College, which consists in making surveys, 10 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1913 supplying blue prints and holding demonstrations to give instruction as to the laying of tile. The demand for this class of work has shown a great increase, and the fact that over 150 ditching machines have been brought into the Pro- vince has made possible the laying of a great deal of tile in spite of the labour shortage, which would otherwise be a great handicap. The other phase of the drainage work has been that carried on in the Algoma and Rainy River Districts. Labour for digging seemed to be one of the chief obstacles in the newer districts and the work did not appear to be sufficient to warrant the purchasing of a ditching machine or tile outfit on a commercial basis. In 1915, it was decided that practical assistance could be rendered by purchasing an outfit and demonstrating the possibilities of drainage in this way, doing the work on a basis of cost. This proved so successful that it was extended by the purchase of a machine for the Rainy River District in 1916, both machines being kept busy last season much to the advantage of the respective districts. Dairy Demonstrations. In view of the importance of improving the market qualit}^ of Ontario dairy products, it was decided that certain work should be undertaken in 1916 with a view to laying the foundation for a system of grading. A special man was employed and was engaged in making tests of samples of butter accessible in a number of the cold storages. The information he obtained in this way as to methods of marketing was utilized in giving instructions to the different creamerymen as to how improvements could be effected. It also placed the Department in possession of information as to the points of strength and weak- ness in the Ontario product, and as a consequence, it was decided to adopt a system of butter grading for the Province. This preliminary educational work having accomplished its purpose, the cost of butter grading will in future be carried under the regular appropriations of the Department. Kemptville Agricultural School. During the past year an announcement was made by the Minister of Agriculture for Ontario to the effect that the Department had decided to estab- lish an Agricultural School in Eastern Ontario and that the village of Kemptville had been selected as the site. It is the intention that this School shall offer short courses and a two year course in Agriculture, and shall serve the eastern section of the Province, which is not now so served. The work of the Depart- ment in connection with School Fairs and Agricultural Classes has apparently created- a demand for an institution of this character. Some 200 acres of land were purchased at Kemptville, a town well located on the railway and con- venient to several Eastern Ontario Counties. This land will be operated as part of the School in order to give practical emphasis to the principles taught. Purchases of live stock and equipment have also been made, but the main build- ing will not be constructed until the conclusion of the war. Short Courses, Ontario Agricultural College. In pursuance of the policy of former years, the District Representatives conducted Acre Profit Competitions and Live Stock Profit Competitions. The idea is to not only demonstrate the possibilities of an acre of land or a few head of stock, but also to interest the boys in this practical way. It has not been thought sufficient to award a prize merely for the largest yields unless the largest yields were accompanied by a careful accounting which meant also the largest AGR1 CULTURAL INSTRUCTION ACT 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c profits. The prize awarded to the winner in these competitions in the different counties is free travelling and living expenses to Guelph for the two weeks' Short Course in Live Stock and Seed Judging. The prize is, therefore, equally as educational as the competition. Vegetable Work. It is now recognized by those engaged in the vegetable growing industry that the appointment of a Vegetable Specialist under The Agricultural Instruction Act a few years ago has proven one of the best steps in the interests of the vegetable industry in the Province. During the past year the Vegetable Specialist carried on further work in connection with the control of celery and onion blight and the cabbage root maggot. This work consisted both of making practical experiments and conveying the information to the growers. During the winter months conferences were held in the different vegetable growing centres. These were made very practical and helpful and have been an important educational factor. During the past summer about 1,500 feet of film showing various phases of the work was prepared, and its display proved a most helpful feature of the conferences referred to. Demonstration Work on Soils. This work is carried on under the Professor of Chemistry at the Ontario Agricultural College who directs a field staff during the summer months, visiting various sections of the Province and charting the different soil formations. Analysis of a large number of samples is also made and practical growing tests are carried on. The work with reference to Western Ontario has been prac- tically completed, and a publication is being issued giving this information to the public. The work will be continued in Eastern Ontario. Fruit Demonstrations in Upper Ontario. In 1915 it was decided that it would be good work to demonstrate the usefulness of certain varieties of tender or semi-tender fruits in Upper Ontario. In order to accomplish this with a minimum outlay, arrangements were made with the Provincial Secretary's Department of the Government by which a portion of the Farm owned by them and operated as a Prison Farm near Fort William should be at the disposal of the Department. The Department appointed a competent man to take charge of the work, and preliminary efforts have laid the foundation for most useful work in the newer sections. CO-OPERATION AND MARKETING. The work of the Branch devoted to co-operation and marketing has been entirely of an educational nature. The efforts of the Director and his assist- ants, who so far are only temporarily employed, have been confined very largely to giving instruction on the marketing of different products. A number of new associations have been organized, but considerable time has been spent in placing organizations already in existence on a proper footing. Agricultural Education. The Inspector of Elementary Agricultural Classes, Dr. J. B. Dandeno, reports that in 1916, 752 Public and Separate Schools qualified for grants for the teaching of Agriculture. The requirements are, teaching in class for at 12 hi:r.\inv/:\T of Aaitici litre 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 least one hour a week throughout the school year and home or school gardens. The equipment needed is paid for in the form of grants to the Boards. The teaching of Agriculture is recognized only in Forms III, IV, and V, and in these classes there were, in 1916, over 13,000 pupils. The cost is about 75 cents a pupil per year. The Inspectors are required to pay special attention to the teaching of Agriculture, and an allowance is made them for the work. Though much of the teaching is as yet by no means what might be desired, yet most of the work is very creditable and some exceedingly good. Twenty-one Secondary Schools conducted classes in Agriculture in 1916 with about 600 pupils. Allowances are made to Boards for equipment and to teachers for conducting the work. The cost of instruction in Agriculture in the Normal Schools is met mainly from Provincial funds, but the Federal grant is drawn upon to provide special equipment. In 1916, 196 teachers attended the Summer School courses at the Ontario Agricultural College. Of these 153 attended the course leatling to an Elementary certificate, and 43 attended the Intermediate certificate course. Students are allowed $25 for maintenance and travelling expenses, conditional on their teaching Agriculture throughout the year following the course. In 1917 and thereafter, a short course in Farm Mechanics, of at least four weeks, will be given to teachers who are qualifying to teach Agriculture in the High Schools. Officers Provided by the Dominion Grant. (a) Officers, regularly employed, whose salaries are paid wholly from the Agricultural Instruction Grant: — Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph — Lecturer in Poultry, F. N. Marcellus, B.S.A. Lecturer in Farm Management, A. Leitch, B.S.A. Lecturer in Rural Sociology, A. Maclaren, B.S.A. Lecturer in Geology and Soils, John AVoodward. Lecturer in Physics, J. R. Spry, B.S.A. Soil Analyst, S. R. Curzon, B.S.A. Demonstrator in Horticulture, H. S. Fry, B.S.A. Lecturer in Chemistry, C. W. Stanley. Lecturer in Animal Husbandry, J. P. Sackville, B.S.A. Poultry Specialist, G. R. Wilson. *Horticulturist, G. J. Culham, B.S.A. *Assistant in Soil Work, F. Bryant. Assistant in Soil Work, D. Johns. Department of Agriculture, Toronto — Stenographers, four. Director, Co-operation and Markets Branch, F. C. Hart, B.S.A. Assistant, Co-operation and Markets Branch, J. B. Fairbairn, B.S.A. District Representative Supervisor, R. S. Duncan, B.S.A. Assistants in Vegetable Work, Frank F. Reeves, Geo. Madden, Richard Aymer. Department of Agriculture, Outside Service — Corn Specialist, P. L. Fancher, B.S.A., Chatham. Plant Breeding Specialist, W. R. Leslie, Fort William. Horticultural Experiment Station, Vineland, Ont. — Assistant Experimentalist, P. E. Culverhouse, B.S.A. In charge of Fruit Extension Work, O. J. Robb. *On Active Service. AORICU-LTURAL INSTRUCTION WT 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c Department of Education, Toronto — Director of Elementary Agricultural Education, Dr. J. B. Dandeno. Teacher of Domestic Art, Miss A. E. Robertson. (b). Officers regularly employed, whose salaries are paid in part from the Grant. Department of Agriculture, Outside Service — Forty-five District Representatives. ONTARIO. Summary Statement, April 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917. Classificati >n. Balance, April 1, 1916. Grant. Refunds. Total Credits. Expendi- ture. 1 District Representatives 2. Ontario Agricultural College — (a) Capital expenditure (b) Salaries and expenses of addi- tions to staff and maintenance 3. O.A.C. Short Courses for winners of Acre Profit and Live Stock Com- petitions.* 4. To encourage Agriculture, Manual Training and Domestic Science in Schools 5. Marketing of Farm Products 6. Stock and Seed Judging, Short Courses, etc 7. Drainage Work 8. Demonstrations in vegetable grow- ing 9. Demonstration work on soils 10. Bee-keeping 11. Dairv Demonstrations 12. Fruit Work- Co) Experimental Work, Vineland Station (6) Demonstrations with veget- ables and fruits in New On- tario 13. To provide for Agricultural school. . $ cts 3,847 10 27,677 73 2,378 68 115 23 608 01 233 67 ,530 59 10 34 38 37 52 31 868 23 $ cts 120,000 00 55,000 00 14,000 00 1,800 00 26,000 00 5,000 00 2,000 00 10,000 00 4,000 00 4,200 00 1 , 500 00 1,658 45 2,500 00 3,500 00 50, 000 00 $ cts. 101 50 1,000 00 411 05 2,085 00 185 00 53,360 26 301,158 45 3,782 55 Additional from 1915-16. Women's Institutes Short Courses, Fall Fair Judges Demonstrations in Live Stock and Poul- try r Transferred from Agric'l Aid account. . . Demonstrations in Fruit Growing Lectures on Horticulture Miscellaneous 5,045 27 427 59 2,070 60 4,297 42 224 20 3,663 00 132 81 368 50 4 39 69,088 34 301,158 45 4,288 25 $ cts. $ cts. 123,948 60 123,101 53 83,677 73 28,338 01 16,378 68 13,022 82 1,915 23 1,890 75 37,608 01 14, 7,233 67 4, 6,941 64 12,095 34 4,038 37 4,200 00 1,552 31 1,658 45 3,368 23 3,500 00 50, 185 00 358,301 26 5, 178 08 427 59 2,443 49 4,297 42 224 20 3,663 00 844 67 615 12 800 85 439 73 943 76 685 60 878 24 519 87 2,107 00 138 25 603 66 234,929 86 123, 5,007 32 59 85 1,541 60 1,100 00 213 18 2,401 77 374,535 04 245,253 58 129,281 46 14 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 1. — DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES. Balance April 1, 1916 $ 3,847 10 Grant 1916-17, §103,000,00, by transfer, $20,000.00 120,000 00 Refunds credited to appropriation 101 50 123,948 60 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 123, 101 53 Balance March 31, 1917 v 847 07 Brant $ 2,717 19 Bruce 2,444 03 Carleton 2,358 60 DufTerin 4,366 36 Dundas 2,432 57 Durham 2,975 50 Elgin 2,761 05 Essex 2,162 60 Frontenac 2,309 71 Fort William 1,270 83 Grenville 3,502 62 Glengarry 3,181 32 Gore Bay 2,158 53 Grey 2,729 26 Halton 1,666 71 Hastings 1,739 77 Haldimand 1,785 59 Kenora 1,661 21 Kent 2,806 07 Lambton 2,339 66 Lanark 2,180 38 Leeds 2,638 56 Middlesex 2,733 53 $56,921 65 Lennox $ 2,498 82 Muskoka 2,057 28 Miscellaneous 17,553 70 New Liskeard 2,045 34 Northumberland 1,986 14 Norfolk 2,168 72 Ontario 3,042 43 Oxford 2,523 36 Prince Edward •. 2,744 39 Port Arthur 1,261 71 Peterboro 2,127 07 Peel 3,868 12 Rainy River 2, 153 66 Renfrew 2,044 75 Sault Ste. Marie 1,826 58 Simcoe 2,781 08 Sudbury 1,910 89 Victoria 2,232 24 Waterloo ...... 2, 123 01 Welland 2,408 27 Wentworth 2,026 51 York 2,494 14 Cochrane 301 67 $ 66, 179 88 56,921 65 $ 123,101 53 2.— ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, (a) Capital Expenditure. Balance April 1, 1916 $ 27,677 73 Grant, 1916-17 75,000 00 Refund credited to appropriation 1,000 00 S 103,677 73 By transfer to District Representatives 20,000 00 $ 83,677 73 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 28,338 01 Balance, March 31, 1917 $ 55,339 72 Poultrv Building, — Labour $ 599 60 Material 299 42 $ 899 02 Physics Buildings, — Labour 673 48 Material 1,123 91 Furnishings 1,498 93 Incidentals 37 59 3,333 91 Chemistry Building, — Labour 899 30 Materials 2,497 33 Contracts 20,485 01 Incidentals -. 233 44 24,105 08 $ 28,338 01 In addition to finishing up work in connection with the Poultry Building and Physics Building, the main work carried on was the addition of a new wing to the Chemistry Building. Adh'ICI UTHAI. IMi'rm 'CTION ACT 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c (b) Salaries and expexses of Additioxs to Staff. Balance, April 1, 1916 $ 2,378 68 Grant, 1916-17 14,000 00 $ 16,378 68 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 13,022 82 Balance, March 31, 1917 $ 3,355 86 R. Bryant, Assist, in Drainage Work, services $ 720 00 G. J. Culham, Lecturer in Horticulture, services and expenses 835 00 S. R. Curzon, services 166 00 H. S. Fry, Lecturer in Horticulture, services and expenses 1,548 05 A. Leitch, Lecturer in Farm Management, services 1,841 00 J. P. Hales, Lecturer in Poultry, services 1,200 00 C. M. Laidlaw, Assist, in Drainage Work, services 93 95 F. N. Marccllus, Lecturer in Poultry, services ' 1,641 00 J. R. Spry, Lecturer, services and expenses 1,601 40 C. W. Stanley, services 200 00 J. P. Sackville, Lecturer in Animal Husbandry, services 1,241 00 J. Woodward, Lecturer in Chemistry, services and expenses. 1,935 42 $ 13,022 82 3.— SHORT COURSES, O.A.C. Balance, April 1, 1916 $ 115 23 Grant, 1916-17 1,800 00 $ 1,915 23 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 1,890 75 Balance, March 31, 1917 $ 24 48 Travelling and living expenses of winners of competitions $ 1,835 75 Printing and Stationery 55 00 $ 1,890 75 4— TO ENCOURAGE AGRICULTURE IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Balance April 1, 1916 S 11,608 01 Grant, 1916-17 26,000 00 $ 37,608 01 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 14,844 67 Balance March 31, 1917 •. -. $ 22,763 34 J. B. Dandeno, services as inspector $ 2,499 96 A. F. Robertson, services as Instructor in Domestic Art 1,500 00 Instructors and students, services and expenses 4,601 03 Grants 5,405 50 Printing, advertising, contingencies 378 18 $ 14,844 67 5.— EDUCATIONAL WORK RE MARKETING. Balance, April 1, 1916 $ 2,233 67 Grant, 1916-17 5,000 00 $ 7,233 67 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 4,615 12 Balance, March 31, 1917 $ 2,618 55 F. C. Hart, Director, services and expenses $ 2,614 04 J. B. Fairbairn, Assistant, services and expenses $ 1,040 90 Stenographer 618 75 Printing, stationery, contingencies 341 43 $ 4,615 12 1G UKl'A RTMEXT OF AGRICl LTl RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 6. — STOCK AND SEED JUDGING. Balance, April 1, 1916 $ 4,530 59 Grant, 1916-17 2,000 00 Refunds credited to appropriation 411 05 $ 6,941 64 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 3,800 85 Balance, March 31, 1917 S 3,140 79 Services and expenses of Instructors, — G. Browne S119 10 C. E. Bain 19 10 G. A. Brethen 4 20 W.J.Bell 150 00 W. E. Baker , 361 50 R. H. Harding 238 25 J. Gardhouse 14 30 W. J. Gardhouse 25 25 H. M.King 24 30 W. Leitch 93 55 J. M. McCallum 115 15 G. E. Day 33 55 A. R. Ness 98 61 E. P. Bradt 99 80 G.A.Putnam 100 00 W. G. Orvis 17 25 E. Gordon 50 90 1,564 81 G. R. Green $ 50 00 H. G. Reed 267 90 F. H. Silcox 15 90 R. S. Stevenson 315 15 D. M. Winter 50 00 F. R. Mallory 96 12 J. P. Sackville 37 20 D. MacVannel 6 25 C. Schuyler 77 25 R. M. Tipper 21 24 A. W. Sirett 50 00 Forward 1,564 81 S 2,561 82 Labour, cartage, etc 359 31 Rent of stock 395 91 Print, and Advertising 372 31 Rent of halls, etc 102 50 Livery hire 19 00 % 3,800 85 This expenditure was largely for lecturers who did Educational work throughout the country in short courses in Stock and Seed Judging, carried on under the Institutes Branch of the Department. 7.— DRAINAGE WORK. Balance, April 1, 1916 $ 10 34 Grant, 1916-17 10,000 00 Refunds credited to appropriation 2,085 00 % 12 095 34 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 10^439 73 Balance, March 31, 1917 . % 1,655 61 W. Dunn, Demonstrator, services and expenses % 557 49 E. Murdock, Demonstrator, services and expenses 291 00 I. B. Martin, Demonstrator, services and expenses 411 10 J. W. Wadsworth, Demonstrator, services and expenses 335 43 W. H. Scott, Soil Analyst, services and expenses 709 88 A. M. Morton, Laboratory Assistant, services 360 00 C. M. Laidlaw, expenses 79 35 Stenographer - 129 50 Fieldmen, services and expenses 685 88 Draftsmen, services and expenses 126 34 Tile layers 250 71 Machine operators 321 13 Surveyors 136 54 Concretemixer _ 870 54 Ditching machine 2,390 41 Tile, supplies, repairs, etc 2,008 06 Printing, postage, stationery, cartage 776 36 $ 10,439 73 AGRICl LTl R LL IX 8TBI CTIO \ ACT 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c 8.— DEMONSTRATION IN VEGETABLE GROWING. % cts. Balance, April 1, 1916 38 37 Grant 1916-17 4,000 00 4,038 37 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 3,943 76 Balance, March 31, 1917 , • ■ 94 61 S. C. Johnston, Vegetable Specialist, services and expenses 2, 196 69 Sundry persons lecturing, services and expenses 510 35 Livery and incidentals 479 80 Furnishings and equipment 700 39 Printing, stationery, etc 56 53 3,943 76 9— DEMONSTRATION WORK ON SOILS. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 4,200 00 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 3,685 60 Balance, March 31, 1917 ' 514 40 R. A. Brink, services and expenses 315 70 S. R. Curzon, services and expenses 700 00 H. L. Fulmer, services and expenses 26 80 A. L. Gibson, services and expenses 177 46 R. Harcourt, services and expenses 177 55 W. L. Iveson, services and expenses 282 99 D. Johns, services and expenses 540 00 C. Stanley, services and expenses 824 58 J. Woodward, services and expenses 170 40 Supplies, equipment, repairs ■ ■ ■ 357 75 Sundry persons, services and expenses ; 96 50 Freight and cartage 13 07 Incidentals 2 80 3,685 06 10.— DEMONSTRATIONS IN BEE-KEEPING. $ cts. Balance, April 1, 1916 52 31 Grant. 1916-17 1,500 00 1,552 31 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 878 24 Balance, March 31, 1917 674 07 Students and Instructors, services and expenses — $ cts. $ cts. C. E. Arnold 61 85 J. Armstrong 50 25 A. Denison 102 26 A. E. Hutchison 34 00 G. F. Kingsmill 137 12 M. Pettit 205 84 S. A. Stewart - 64 00 655 32 Stenographer 150 00 Supplies, etc 72 92 878 24 A number of short courses and demonstrations were given at fall fairs and other centres. ii.— dairy Demonstrations. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 1,658 45 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 1,519 87 Balance, March 31. 1917 138 58 J. H. Scott, services and expenses as official grader of butter 1,504 42 Contingencies 15 45 1,519 87 15c— 2 18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 12 (o) .— HORTICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. $ cts. Balance, April 1, 1916 868 23 Grant, 1916 2,500 00 3 368 23 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 2, 107 00 Balance, March 31, 1917 1,261 23 $ cts. P. E. Culverhouse, Special Hypatics, services and expenses 1,256 06 E. Culp, assistant, services and expenses 161 15 Supplies, equipment, incidentals 689 79 2,107 00 12 (b). — FRUIT DEMONSTRATIONS IN NEW ONTARIO. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 3,500 00 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 1, 138 25 Balance, March 31, 1917 2,361 75 E. M. Ricker, services and expenses 125 51 W. R. Leslie, services and expenses 100 00 Trees and equipment . 79 72 Contingencies 186 39 Fuel 647 13 1,138 75 13.— AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 50,000 00 Refunds credited to appropriation 185 00 50,185 00 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 21,603 66 Balance, March 31, 1917 28,581 34 $ cts. Purchase of land 14, 500 00 Purchase of live stock and implements 5,337 77 Equipment 263 55 Labour 792 18 Seed grain 624 88 Sundries 85 28 21,603 66 WOMEN'S INSTITUTES. $ cts. Balance, April 1, 1916 5,045 27 Refunds credited to appropriation 132 81 5,178 08 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 5,007 32 Balance, March 31, 1917 170 76 Lectures — Services and Expenses — S cts. E. Broughton 34 90 R.M. Black 120 35 C. Brown 108 30 E. G. Conover 11 40 E. B. Chapman 80 50 E. D. Campbell 20 48 E. Collins 609 80 B. A. Duncan 178 97 M. I. M. Foote 281 04 G. Gray 680 45 H. E. Graydon 78 60 O. E. Hayes 255 13 I. Hobbs 124 90 E. McKay 187 90 B.McDermand 75 00 A. McEwen 218 65 D. Pirie 66 20 Ailliiri LTl RAL INSTRl OTIOH ACT 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c WOMEN'S INSTITUTES— Concluded. Lectures — Services and Expenses — Concluded. $ cts. $ cts. J.D.Ross 375 21 A. P. Scott 75 00 L. K. Sirrs 139 65 M.L. Woelard 250 02 A. H. Willett 71 40 M.H.Williams 75 00 M.M.Steele 116 85 M.M.Smith 66 60 M. Yates 182 85 4,485 15 Printing, advertising, contingencies 522 17 5,007 32 SHORT COURSES FOR FALL FAIR JUDGES. $ cts. Balance April 1, 1916. 427 59 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 59 85 Balance March 31st, 1917 367 74 $ cts. Sundry persons, services and expenses 59 85 DEMONSTRATIONS IN LIVE STOCK AND POULTRY.. $ cts. Balance, April 1, 1916 2,070 60 By transfer from Poultry Work, Agricultural Aid 4 39 Revenue credited to appropriation _ 368 50 2,443 49 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 1,541 60 Balance, March 31, 1917 901 89 Lectures Services and Expenses — $ cts. % cts. H. Barton 50 00 S. K. Burden : 15 00 E. S. Bates 25 00 W. Barrie 15 00 L. N. Clark 25 00 G. E. Day 35 00 W. F. Elliott 15 00 J. M. Gardhouse 30 00 J. Gardhouse 60 00 L. R. Guilds '. 30 00 E. A. Hales 49 50 W. A. Leitch 35 00 R. Miller 55 00 R. McEwen 40 00 E. L. Richardson 30 00 509 50 Reporting conventions 230 00 Printing 165 51 Purchase of animals for demonstrations 592 34 Sundries 44 25 1,541 60 This expenditure was mainly for educational work, carried on in connection with the winter fairs at Ottawa and Guelph. DEMONSTRATION IN FRUIT GROWING. $ cts. Balance, April 1, 1917 4,297 42 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 1, 100 00 Balance, March 31, 1917 3, 197 42 O. J. Robb, services as fruit specialist 1, 100 00 15c— 2\ 20 DEP \ RTMENT OF AGRICl LTl RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 The expenditure under this head consisted in maintaining a fruit specialist in the field, working with Vineland as his headquarters. LECTURES IN HORTICULTURE. S cts. Balance, April 1, 1916 224 20 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 213 18 Balance, March 31, 1917 11 02 Instructors, services and expenses 213 18 This covers the services and expenses of a few lecturers who were sent out to give information on horticultural work in towns and cities. MISCELLANEOUS. $ cts. Balance, April 1, 1916 3,663 00 Expenditure to March 31, 1917 2,401 77 Balance, March 31,1917 •. - 1 , 261 23 $ cts. R. A. Moore, services lecturing 80 00 A. Maclaren as lecturer on rural sociology 1,590 81 Seed 730 96 2,401 77 AGRICULTURAL AID GRANT, 1912. Statement, April 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917. Balance, April 1, 1916. Balance on hand March 31, 1917. Milking Shorthorns Dairy Survey Ontario Veterinary College Additional land Western Ontario Creamery work Total Live stock, Northern Ontario — Refund Total S cts. 1,856 11 215 51 13,494 93 1,131 90 16,698 45 3,427 84 20, 126 29 S cts. 1,856 11 215 51 13,494 93 1,131 90 16,698 45 3,427 84 20,126 29 AGRICl LI URAL I \ 8TRI CI TO \ AC1 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c Comparative Statement of Expenditure of Provincial Funds for Agricultural purposes for the years 1913, 1914, 1915, and 191(5, and estimated Ex- penditure for 1917. Service. 1913 To Oct. 31. 1914 To Oct. 31. 1915 To Oct. 31. 1916 To Oct. 31. 1917 To Oct. 31. Appro- priations. Department of Agriculture — Salaries, contingencies, incidentals and mis el- laneous County representatives Live Stock Interests — Grants and Winter Fairs, Grants to Poultry Asso- ciation and Horse Shows, Stallion Registra- tion, Sheep Experiments, etc., Spring Shows. Dairy Interests — Grants: Instruction and Inspection, Dairy School, Miscellaneous Agricultural and Horticultural Societies — Insurance, Field Crop Competitions and Judges, Exhibitions Special Grants Institute — Farmers' and Women's Fruit Interests — Grants, Spraying Assistance, Special Crop Experi- ments, Cold Storage experiments, San Jose Scale, Horticultural Experiment station, Apiary Inspection Demonstration Work Ontario Veterinary College — Salaries and Expenses Ontario Agricultural College, Macdonald Institute and Ontario Experimental Farm Salaries and Expenses Demonstration Farm, Northern Ontario $ cts. 98,306 79 40,596 68 38,793 66 58,574 35 129,473 98 32,932 25 45,454 87 32,929 74 264,458 55 $ cts. 109,973 95 39,668 93 38,563 78 58,701 09 125,548 19 27,323 52 54,934 72 33,589 22 284,507 65 S cts 021 72 917 01 079 35 601 40 867 11 187 08 515 68 989 05 289,315 94 $ cts. 87, 137 90 82,299 36 37,314 11 56,698 72 158,216 36 27,305 31 46,949 41 23,231 08 290,405 04 15,500 41 t cts. 1,031 00 1,600 00 450 00 297 00 750 00 800 00 31 .122 100 00 229 00 092 00 000 00 Total. Revenue. 741,520 87 177,131 50 771,811 05 157,141 80 755,494 34 138,906 62 825,057 70 130,577 30 990,449 00 Net Total . 564,389 37 614,669 25 616,587 72 694,480 40 Note. — The above statement does not include expenditure under colonization, factory inspection and stationary engineers' branches. 22 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 QUEBEC. AGREEMENT, 1916-17. $ cts. 1. Poultry 15,000 00 2. Horticulture— Fruit growing 33,000 00 3. Bacon 8,000 00 4. Schools of Agriculture 60,000 00 5. Agricultural teaching in Academies, Rural Schools and Normal Schools 14,000 00 6. District Representatives, Agricultural Teachers — Agronomies 25,000 00 7. Experimental Union .' : 2,000 00 8. Alfalfa and clover t 5,000 00 9. Seed selection 4,500 00 10. Bee-keeping 9,000 00 11. School of Veterinary Science 5,000 00 12. Dairying • 29,000 00 13. Drainage 8,000 00 14. Domestic Science 10,000 00 15. Maple sugar 4,000 00 16. Conferences, Publications, etc 11,712 23 Total 243,212 23 The report of Dr. J. C. Chapais, Assistant Commissioner for Quebec, contains the following particulars as to the work performed during the year: — Poultry Rearing. Twenty-five poultry rearing, breeding or feeding stations were in operation. These stations are operated by their owners and leased to the Department for ten dollars per month. Five stations conducted customs incubators. Twenty- thousand eggs were distributed to school children. Horticulture. "The staff of the Horticultural Division of the Quebec Department of Agriculture comprises twenty-eight officers, of whom two are permanent, ten are instructors employed during the whole year, and sixteen are instructors employed for eight months. The work of the service is spread over twenty-one demonstration fields, twenty-nine fruit growing stations and six demonstration orchards. During the winter of 1916-17, lectures and demonstrations were ^delivered in twenty-two counties. Assistance was also given at short courses and in connection with school exhibits. Bacon Industry. « In 1916 the direction of the St. Valier abattoir, built and equipped to demon- " strate bacon curing and general abattoir work, was placed in the hands of the Quebec Cheesemakers' Co-operative Association, which will continue to operate it for instruction purposes under the management of Mr. A. Hansen, a Danish expert brought to this country in 1912. Schools of Agriculture. Two visits were paid to the Schools of Agriculture at Oka and Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere. It was feared that the disastrous fire which destroj^ed the Trappist Monastery at Oka would interfere with the running of the Institute, but such proved not to be the case. Following are statements of expenditure of these institutions to March 31, 1917. AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION ACT 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c OKA AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE. Expenditure of Federal Grant, July, 1916 to March 31, 1917. $ cts. Enlargement of College Building, annual payment 5,000 00 Teaching Staff, salaries and allowances 5,098 47 Expenses of various branches 375 00 Administration, salaries and wages 2,775 00 Insurance, heating and lighting 1,763 42 Allowance for maintenance of students at $9 per month 1,200 00 Demonstration plots, maintenance during recess 202 00 16,413 89 SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE, STE. ANNE DE LA POCATIERE. Expenditure of Federal Grant, July 1916 to March 31, 1917. $ cts# Building Extension, annual payment 6,000 00 Salaries and allowances, Teaching Staff 5,330 00 Administration, wages 1,563 00 Insurance, heating and lighting 2, 112 96 Allowance for maintenance of students 1,486 58 Demonstration plots ' 500 00 Library 256 19 Milk investigation work 225 00 Poultry-keeping 100 00 Incidentals 57 00 17,630 73 Agricultural Teaching in Academies and Schools. Short courses for School Inspectors were provided both at Oka and at Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere. The subjects dealt with included horticulture, poultry and bee-keeping as well as general agriculture. The lecture staff of the Quebec Department of Agriculture delivered lectures on agricultural topics in the various classical colleges and in some of the primary schools and institutions. Lectures in domestic science, agricultural economics, co-operation, etc., were prominent in the programme. School gardens to the number of 759 were carried on in 59 counties during 1916, and 37 school fairs were held in the French counties, to which 5,749 children contributed 10,900 exhibits. In addition, there were thirteen school fairs held in the English counties with 2,493 children contributing. District Representatives. The following representatives and assistant representatives carried on work in the districts named : — Representative. District. Albert, J. N Belanger, M. A. J Cloutier, Henri Desilets, Alphonse Fort in, J. A Husk, R. E Leclerc, J. M MacDougall, W. G Magnan, Jean-Chs — . . . . Parent, L. V Raymond, Abel Rousseau, R. A Roy, Alphonse Assistant representatives Belanger, M. J. A Delaney, Wilfrid Gagnon, Roger Gosselin, L. A Landry, Arthur Paquet, J. A Saint-Armand R Bonaventure and Gaspe. Chicoutimi and Lake St. John. Iberville and Rouville. Quebec and Montmorency. Champlain. Beauharnois and Huntingdon. Abitibi. Compton and Sherbrooke. Portneuf Richmond. Bellechasse et Dorchester. Bagot and Drummond. Arthabaska and Megantic. 1 Hstriet . Beauharnois and Chateauguay. Quebec and Montmorency. Kamouraska and LTslet. Bellechasse and Dorchester. Bagot, Drummond and Bellechasse. Quebec and Montmorency. Portneuf 24 DEPARTMENT OF AQRICl UTl RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 The work embraced the following subjects, viz.: — Dairy husbandry, bee- keeping, poultry husbandry, horticulture, general agriculture and school gardens. Experimental Union. This institution has its headquarters at Belvidere ViUa, Ste.-Foye Road, Quebec, where lectures and demonstrations are given to farmers, normal school students and boys from the city who intend to make farming their vocation. In the programme of work for the season, emphasis was placed on greater production. To promote poultry husbandry, a co-operative incubator is operated, while some twenty poultry houses have been erected in the newer parts of the province and small flocks of birds distributed. Experiments in alfalfa growing are conducted with the assistance of the district representatives. Clover Demonstrations. Thirty-four clover demonstration fields were operated with the object of promoting the growing of clover for seed. The two clover hullers owned by the Department were demonstrated in localities where a beginning was being made. The production of seed clover continues to make rapid expansion, and the demonstrations carried on have been very successful in stimulating pro- duction. One hundred and twenty-five hullers are now owned in the province, principally by clubs. Underdrainage. The policy of encouragement to underdrainage was continued. Nine instructors, French and English, were kept at the disposal of farmers who wished to underdrain their land, and plans were prepared free of charge. During the season, 84,430 feet of trench was dug on nine farms by the two ditching machines operated by the Department. Short Courses. Short courses for farmers (Semaines agricoles) were held in two divisions, the work of the eastern section from Quebec to Gaspe being performed by the professors of the two schools of agriculture, while in the western section the department's staff of lecturers took charge. In the East courses were held at eight points in five counties. Number of lectures, 245; number of demonstra- tion-, 23; total attendance, 19,204. In the West, one course was held in each of sixteen counties. Number of lectures, 558; number of demonstrations, 46; total number in attendance, 33,670. Macdonald College. Animal Husbandry—The attention of this department during the year was again devoted to sheep husbandry. The demonstration flocks of pure- bred sheep were increased from eight to thirteen. The example of these flocks and the distribution of the pure-bred rams resulting from them is having a marked influence. . Co-operative wool grading and marketing was continued through the associations of sheep breeders, "and two sales of pure-bred sheep were conducted. Poultry Husbandry. — This line of extension work included (1) exhibits at Fairs and demonstration and lectures at various centres; (2) demonstration with different types of poultry houses at six points; (3) the maintenance of pure-bred flocks in connection with housing demonstrations, and the distribution of suitable breeding stock to the farmers of the community; (4) the distribution of eggs to rural schools for hatching purposes. Rural School Department. — Most of the work carried on during the year was in connection with school fairs. The number of schools taking part in liGRICl LTl RAL INSTRl CTION ACT 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c 1916 was 191, and the number of exhibitors 2,493. Seed and eggs were supplied for distribution by the poultry, cereal, and horticultural departments. Some 4,893 samples of seed and settings of eggs were distributed in 325 schools, both French and English. The department has 900 plots to be visited and reported upon. In addition to school fair work, a course of lectures is given to the Macdonald Summer School Students and also at the Summer School for teachers at Lachute. Rural schools are visited, school boards interviewed, school grounds improved, and lectures in agriculture given in the superior schools. Household Science. — Five Homemakers' Clubs were organized during the year, and much patriotic and food and nutrition work accomplished. Fifty-seven demonstrations were given to school children on canning and bread-making. Emphasis was laid on canning as a means of preventing waste in war time, and the formation of canning and marketing clubs was assisted. A bulletin on canning was issued. Short Courses. — The following winter short courses were held: (1) At Montreal, surburban gardening; four evenings; attendance 367. (2) At Macdonald College; four days; Animal Husbandry; Cereal Husbandry; attendance 56. (3) At Macdonald College; two weeks; Poultry Husbandry; attend- ance 10. Classes in Veterinary work were given at the College and also at points throughout the Province. • Investigation and Research. — In the department of Biology, the study of the Bud Moth, an important apple insect in Quebec, was completed. In the Horticultural department work in apple pollination was continued, and a test and study of onion and cabbage seed undertaken. Three demonstration orchards are conducted by this department; also experiments in vegetable irrigation. The work of the Cereal Husbandry department consisted mainly in the con- tinued investigation of root crops, experiments with alfalfa and corn at country points and in rendering assistance to school fairs. In the Chemistry department the investigation of maple sap products was continued; while in the Physics department, the investigation of certain aspects of soil fertilization was carried on. Statement of Receipts and Disbursements for year ended March 31, 1917. Receipts — S cts. Credit, balance April 1, 1916 279 29 Grant, 1916-17 20,500 00 Dr. balance, March 31, 1917 2,947 62 23,726 91 Disbursements — (Including salaries of members of Staff pai l wholly or ptirtly from grant). — S cts. Animal Husbandry 4,852 73 Biology , 1,006 54 Cereal Husbandry 2,226 57 Chemistry 1,051 90 Demonstration 3,111 48 Horticulture 398 14 Household Science 2,205 11 Physics 700 00 Poultry 2,239 41 Veterinary Science 1,653 40 Rural Schools 3,25147 General : 733 10 Short Courses. . . 297 06 S23.726 91 26 ///:/' i in mi. \ r or a<;i:ici u i re 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Officers receiving Remuneration from the Federal Grant. (A ) Persons, regularly employed , whose salaries are paid wholly from the Agricul- tural Grant. Instructor L. P. Belzile, Department of Agriculture, Quebec. " Raoul Dumaine, St-Guillaume d'Upton, Quebec. " J. G. Morgan, Department of Agriculture, Quebec. " J. M. Talbot, Department of Agricultre, Quebec. " Antonio Mathieu, Department of Agriculture, Quebec. " Lucien Dupuis, Department of Agriculture, Quebec. " J. E. Grise, Department of Agriculture, Quebec. " Cyrille Vaillancourt, Department of Agriculture, Quebec. " J. T. Hamel, Department of Agriculture, Quebec. " Wilfrid Delaney, Department of Agriculture, Quebec. " Francisque Petraz, 1366 Maple Ave., Montreal. " G. Reynaud, Berthierville, " Jos. Reddy, Department of Agriculture, Quebec. " J. J. Gautreau, Department of Agriculture, Quebec. Bacon Industry, A. Hansen, St. Valier, Bellechasse county. Seed Expert, Ls. Lavellee, St. Guillaume d'Upton, Quebec. Lecturer, Miss Eveline LcBlanc, Bonaventure, Quebec. " Miss Eva Pare, Causapscal, Quebec. Entomologist, Georges Maheux, Department of Agriculture, Quebec. * Clerk, J. D. Barbeau, 142 Sauvageau St., Quebec, " Poultry Branch." " O. Roberge, Ste-Rosalie, Quebec. " Ros. Carbonneau, Department of Agriculture, " District Representatives — J. N Albert, Bonaventure, Quebec. Michel Belanger, Roberval, Quebec. E. N. Blondin, Huntingdon, Quebec. Henri Cloutier, Rougement, Quebec. Alp. Desilets, Quebec, Que. J. A. Fortin, St. Stanislas, Quebec. Arthur Landry, St. Charles, Bellechasse Co., Quebec. J. M. Leclair, Makamik, Abitibi, Quebec. J. C. Magnan, St. Casimir, Portneuf, Co. Quebec. W. G. MacDougall, Lennoxville, Quebec. L. V. Parent, Richmond, Quebec. Abel Raymond, Plessisville, Quebec. R. A. Rousseau, Acton Vale, Quebec. Assistant District Representatives — ■ Paul Brunelle, Department of Agriculture, Quebec. Wilfrid Chamberland, Acton Vale, Quebec. Roger Gagnon, Ste-Anne de la Pocatiere, Quebec. Sauveur Gosselin, Rougemont, Quebec. Gustave Mongeau, Roberval, Quebec. Denis Ouellet, St-Stanislas, Champlain, Quebec. J. A. Plante, St. Casimir, Portneuf, Quebec. Evangeliste Poulin, Richmond, Quebec. Alex. Rioux, Makimik, Quebec. X. N. Rodrigue, Bonaventure, Quebec. L. C. Roy, Plessisville, Quebec. J. R. St. Arnaud, Lennoxville, Quebec. St. Hilaire, Pierre, St. Charles, Bellechasse Co., Quebec. Therrien Lucien, Huntingdon, Quebec. [jQRICl LTl RAL TNSTRl CTION A.01 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c ( B ) Persons, regularly employed, whose salaries are paid in part from the Agricul- tural Instruction Grant. J. Arthur Paquet, Accountant, Department of Agriculture. School of Agriculture, Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatiere. Professor of Chemistry, L'Abbe Geo. Cote; " of Horticulture, L'Abbe P. Levasseur; " " L'Abbe A. Letourneau; " of English, L'Abbe T. Ennis; " of French, L'Abbe Ed. Beaudoin; " of Mathematics, L'Abbe S. Lord; " de Droit Rural, Notaire Dupuis; " of Botany and Entomology, Geo. Bouchard; " de Genie Rural, Albert Sirois; Instructor Bacon Curing, Frs. Dionne, B.S.A.; Professor of Horticulture, Albert Jalbert; Demonstration in Dairying, P. Boulet; Assistant farm foreman, N. Jourdain; N. Senechal; Assistant Professor and Superintendent of Demonstration Plots, L.-d-G. Fortin, B.S.A.; Demonstrator in Dairying, Joseph Verret; " Horticulture, Mederic Chalifour; Domestics (4 persons). The Oka Agricultural Institute, La Trappe, Que. The salaries of the following are paid wholly from the Federal Subsidy: — Director: Rev. Father Jean de la Croix; Chiefs of general practice, Brothers Gerard and Celestin, and other heads of Departments. Chaplains: RR. FF. Humbert and Alfred. Chief Master: Father Yves. Institute Secretary, Donat Fortin and assistant; Professor of Chemistry and instructor agricultural engineering: H. Nagant; " of Physics, J. N. Ponton; " of Agricultural and experimental field, Ph. Roy; " of Entomology, Firmin Letourneau; " of Veterinary Medicine, Dr. A. Dauth and Brother Isidore; " of Apiculture: Father Maur; " of Horticulture: Father Athanase; " of Poultry Husbandry: Brother Wilfrid; Instructor in horticulture: L. Arscott; " arboriculture: Father Honore; The salaries of the following are paid partly from the Federal Subsidy: — Professor of English: Rev. Brother Benjamin; " of Arboriculture, Rev. Father Leopold; " of Biology, zoology and zootechny, Rev. Brother Isidore; 28 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Macdonald College. Officers regularly employed, whose salaries are paid wholly from, the Agricultural Instruction grant. Veterinarian, N. E. McEwan, B.V.S.C, V.S.; Sheep Husbandry, A. A. McMillan, B.S.A.; Assistant in Biofogv, E. M. Duporte, B.S.A.; " Physics, R. Dougall, B.S.A.; " Animal Husbandry, A. E. McLaurin, B.S.A.; " Chemistry, J. G. Van Zoeren; Crop Investigator, E. A. Lods, B.S.A.; Demonstrator Homemakers' Clubs, Mrs. N. C. MacFarlane; Assistant Demonstrator Homemakers' Clubs, Miss J. Babb; Rural School Demonstrator, J. E. McOuat, B.S.A.; Assistant Rural School Demonstrator, J. Harold McOuat, B.S.A.; District Demonstrator, C. H. Hodge, B.S.A., Shawville, Quebec. QUEBEC, Balance of Grant of 1915-16. Statement from March 31, 1916, to September 26, 1916. Classification. Balance, April 1, 1916 Expended to Sept. 26,1916 Poultry Fruit Bacon Schools of Agriculture Instruction in Academies and. schools. District representatives Experimental Union Clover and Alfalfa Seed Bee-keeping Tobacco Dairying Drainage ! ". Domestic Science Maple Sugar Lectures and Publications. % cts. .5,456 02 5,759 40 575 92 18,594 94 383 00 1,319 30 1,000 00 4 96 542 99 3 45 281 80 459 59 1,924 29 0 60 § 36.306 26 S 36,306 26 1. — POULTRY. Salary and Expenses, Instructors — S cts. R. Dumaine 317 98 Rev. J. B. A. Allaire 153 76 A. A. Lapointe 33 50 .J.G.Morgan - 289 79 Leon Picard 248 11 Rev. Fr. Liguori j 389 10 J. D. Barbeau • 102 50 Art. Mathiew , 215 40 Art. Heroux J 50 00 Art . Chabot .. '.'! '. . 31 45 Pascal Fortier, allowance organizing station 60 00 1,891 59 Superintendents, Poultry Plants allowance, rental 1,287 60 Printing '. 1,691 04 Eggs for distribution. 98 30 Eggs for Incubation 289 95 Equipment — Incubators 81 00 Beauceville Poultry Station.allowance for construction of " eleveuse ".. .. 116 54 5,456 02 I ORICl LTl I'M. I \ STRl CTIO \ \< T 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c 2 .—HO RTIC U LT U RE. Fruit Division: salary and expenses — Solymc Roy, Chief Horticulturist $ 423 84 J. H. Lavoie, Assist. Horticulturist 527 42 Rev. V. A. Huard, Provincial Entomologist 225 00 P. Reid, Superintendent, Demonstration orchards, expense.. 34 95 $ 1,211 21 Inslrctors, Lecturers, Salary and expenses — J. T. Hamel $ 433 35 Phil. Hamel 145 90 J.M.Talbot 360 29 Alf. LeBel 368 00 Tel. Roy 55 61 Jas. Cloutier 210 83 F. X. Gossilin 205 22 L. Dupuis 122 50 G. Renaud 87 50 Sundry persons, expenses ! 46 70 $ 2,035 90 Berthierville Nursery 712 12 Printing — J. H. Lavoie, 20,000 copies " Guide to Horticulture ". . . .$ 1,100 00 5,000 copies Bulletin No. 21 288 00 Miscellaneous 88 03 S 1,476 03 Equipment, supplies, incidentals 324 14 $ 5,759 40 3.— BACON. A. Hansen, Bacon expert, salary and expenses $ 272 96 A. C. St. Pierre, Manager, St. Valier, salary and expenses 148 35 $ 421 31 Insurance, abattoir 83 50 Printing and incidentals 71 11 $ 575 92 4.— SCHOOLS OF AGRICULTURE. School of Agriculture, Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere, balance of grant and board of students $ 7,384 94 Oka Institute of Agriculture, balance of grant 5,910 00 Macdonald College, balance of grant 5,00 000 Orphelinat Agricole a Vauvert 300 00 $ 18,594 94 5.— AGRICULTURAL TEACHING IN ACADEMIES, RURAL AXD NORMAL SCHOOLS. Seeds for distribution to school children $ 292 30 Lecturers, services 90 00 Incidentals : 0 70 S 383 00 6.— DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES. General Expenses — $ cts. J. W. Leclair 188 47 A. Raymond 105 95 H. Cloutier - 73 69 J. A. Fortin 110 63 J.N.Albert 29 65 A. Paquet 49 70 R. A. Rosseau 106 50 J. C. Magnan Ill 25 A. Desilets 218 35 A. Landry 14 50 1,008 69 Typewriter 158 10 Printing 80 38 Miscellaneous 72 13 1,319 30 30 ih:partment of agriculture 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 7— EXPERIMENTAL UNION! $ cts. Balance of grant to Quebec Experimental Union 1,000 00 8. — CLOVER AND ALFALFA. Postage 4 96 9.— SEED SELECTION. Salaries and Expenses — $ cts. J. E. Kronstrom 50 00 Les Brown 116 70 A. Pare 50 00 Ls. Lavellee 62 50 L. Francoeur '. 119 80 L. P. Belzile 77 70 A. Desmarais 65 75 Incidentals 0 54 542 99 10.— BEE-KEEPING. Incidentals $3 45 13.— DRAINAGE. Drainage Specialists, Services and Expenses — $ cts. R. Ba-bin 50 00 L. P. Gauvin 62 25 N. April "I 64 35 O. Garneau 50 00 W. Giroux < 50 00 276 60 Incidentals 5 20 281 80 14.— DOMESTIC SCIENCE. $ cts. Rev. O. L. Martin, Provincial Inspector, salary and expenses 343 08 Allowance to Domestic Science School, Roberval, for equipment 48 00 Incidentals 68 51 459 59 15.— MAPLE SUGAR. $ cts Beauceville School — Alex. Boulduc, Supt., Allowance and expenses 100 00 Labelle School, J. H. Lefebvre, Supt., rental 350 00 Ste. Louise School, J. L. A. Dupuis, Supt., allowance, expense, rental 331 30 St. Casimir School, A. Tessier, Supt., rental, 1916 400 00 M. Belanger, Instructor, services and expenses 203 60 Alfred Lebrun, services and expenses 96 05 A. Francoeur, services and expenses 127 55 Sundry persons, expenses, sugar-making demonstrations 224 30 Supplies and incidentals 91 49 1,924 29 Incidentals 16.— LECTURES, PUBLICATIONS. $0 60 A&RlOTJL'n km. i\sti;i < tion act 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c QUEBEC. Grant of 1916-1917. Summary Statement, April 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917. No Classification. Grant. Expendi- ture. Dr. Balance. Cr. Balance. Poultry - ; Horticulture Bacon Schools of Agriculture Agricultural teaching in academies, rural and normal schools District representatives Experimental Union..- Clover and alfalfa Seed selection Bee-keeping School of Veterinary Science Dairying Drainage Domestic Science Maple Sugar Conference?, publication*, etc Total. $ cts 15,000 00 33,000 00 8,000 00 60,000 00 14,000 00 25,000 00 2,000 00 5,000 00 4,500 00 9,000 00 5,000 00 29,000 00 8,000 00 10,000 00 4,000 00 11,712 23 $ cts 15,000 00 26,022 64 6,025 41 51,556 58 10,176 42 27,964 43 2,000 00 5,000 00 4,500 00 9,000 00 25,000 00 7,850 15 8,481 50 2,343 51 10,645 60 % cts 2,964 43 243,212 23 211,566 24 2,964 43 $ cts. 6,977 36 1,974 59 8,443 42 3,823 58 5,000 00 4,000 00 149 85 1,518 50 1,656 49 1,066 63 34,610 42 2,964 43 31,645 99 1. — POULTRY. $ cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 15,000 GO Expended, March 31, 1917 15,000 00 15,000 00 15,000 00 Salaries and expenses — $ cts. Rev. Fr. Liguori 1,250 63 Rev. J. B. A. Allaire 909 05 J. D. Barbeau 437 66 J. G. Morgan 953 57 Leon Picard 775 75 R. Dumaine 992 13 Ant. Mathiew 855 54 Tel. Roy...... 128 30 Sundry persons 81 57 Superintendents poultry plants 2,549 00 Supplies poultry plants 923 44 Equipment poultry plants 217 98 Special Course, Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere 214 00 Expenses re Poultry Improvement Oka Institute 101 35 Preparing and printing 20,000 copies Poultry Bulletin 4,610 03 15,000 00 32 DBPARTUUXT OF AO MCI LTl HE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 2.— HORTICULTURE. $ cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 33,000 00 Expended, March 31, 1917 < 26,022 64 Balance forward 6,977 36 33,000 00 33,000 00 Fruit Division — $ cts. Solyme Roy, salary and expenses 368 45 J. H.Lavoie 1,022 24 Rev. V. A. Huard 97 75 Geo. Maheux 1,092 61 Books, periodicals, office supplies 597 45 Furniture 389 75 Bulletins and printing 1,637 56 Supplies and incidentals 1,157 31 Fruit Stations — Superintendents, allowances 2,169 33 Supplies and incidentals 1,196 22 Fruit trees and implements 474 52 Nursery Berthierville 1,140 97 Instructors, lecturers, etc., salaries and expenses — Peter Reid 1,369 09 A. Label 1,130 05 L. Dupuis 1,987 65 Phil. Hamel 957 12 G. Raynaud 1,389 80 J.M.Talbot : 1,346 94 J. T. Hamel 1,055 80 J. H. Grise 991 04 Jos. Cloutier T 726 70 Et. Paradis 242 67 A. Pearson 370 60 O. Gauvin 157 78 T. E. Tremblay 164 95 Arm. St. Pierre -= 164 98 Sundry persons 1,401 31 Equipment— Stereopticon 80 90 Canning machinery, Oka Institute 1,141 10 26,022 64 3.— BACON. $ cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 12,000 00 Expended, March 31, 1917 6,025 41 Balance forward 5, 974 59 12,000 00 12,000 00 $ cts. A. Hansen, salary and expenses 2,238 99 Sundry persons, salary and expenses 86 67 Insurance, abattoir 289 88 St. Valier abattoir, repairs 99 22 Bulletins and printing 1,683 20 Pork and bacon meetings, services and expenses, sundry persons 1,427 45 Incidentals 200 00 6,025 41 AGRICl f.TI R LI / \ n/7// < TIOX ACT 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c 4. — SCHOOLS OF AGRICULTURE. Grant, 1916-17 8 60,000 00 Expended, March 31, 1917 t 51,556 58 Balance forward 8,443 42 $ 60,000 00 $ 60,000 00 Ste. Anne de la Pocat iere $ 1 6 , 000 00 Allowance for students' board 1,256 58 $ 17,256 58 Oka Agricultural Institute 17,000 00 Macdonald Agricultural College 17,000 00 Orphelinat Agricole a Vauvert 300 00 $ 51,556 58 5.— AGRICULTURAL TEACHING IN ACADEMIES, RURAL AND NORMAL SCHOOLS. Grant, 1916-17 $ 14,000 00 Expended, March 31, 1917 $ 10, 176 42 Balance forward 3 , 823 58 $ 14,000 00 t 14,000 00 Services and Expenses — J. G. Magnan $ 753 35 Lecturers, sundry persons 3,816 95 - $ 4,570 30 Printing 280 89 Incidentals 413 00 i School fairs expenses 484 28 Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere, allowances to Short Course students 1,459 85 Oka Institute, allowances to Short Course students 1,854 37 Macdonald College, Special Course allowance 1,113 73 $ 10,176 42 6.— DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES. Grant, 1916-17 S 25,000 00 Expended, March 31, 1917 $ 27,964 43 Balance forward 2,964 43 $ 27,964 43 S 27,964 43 Salaries and Expenses — J. M. Leclair S 1,962 54 R. A. Rosseau 2,069 18 . A. Raymond 1,237 68 J. C. Magnan 1,963 39 J. B. & H. Cloutier 1,978 78 J. A. Fortin 1,757 59 W. Delaney 849 88 J. A. Desilets 856 54 Ray Husk 1,666 54 J. R. St. Arnaud 745 50 Art. Landry 1,076 30 Alp. Roy 1,120 57 W. G. Macdougall 1,252 96 L. V. Parent 1,144 26 M.Belanger 766 02 J.N.Albert 1,877 42 L. A. Gosselin 1,486 00 Alp. Paquet 681 25 Alp. Desilets 841 22 Stationery and Incidentals 1,165 81 Macdonald College, supplies and furnishings for seven representatives 1,505 00 S 27,964 43 15c— 3 34 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 7.— EXPERIMENTAL UNION. Grant to Experimental Union of the Province of Quebec % 2,000 00 8. — CLOVER AND ALFALFA. Salaries and Expenses — ^ L. P. Belzile *....$ 91320 L. Francoeur 588 16 L. Brown 100 00 O. Garneau 135 30 E. Francoeur 101 95 Sundry persons 524 94 Demonstration plots, rental and expenses 1,126 38 Allowances rental, etc., of plots 723 12 Supplies and seed 224 92 Gas engine 500 00 Incidentals 62 03 $ 5,000 00 9— SEED SELECTION. Salaries and Expenses— Ls. Lavallee $ 1,207 01 O. Roberge 486 45 L. E. Kronstrom - 482 81 J. A. Paquet 450 00 L. P. Belzile 691 09 A. Raymond t 447 77 O. Garneau 163 20 M. Francoeur .-. 241 55 Sundry persons 30 62 Supplies and seed 255 82 Incidentals 43 68 $ 4,500 00 10.— APICULTURE. Salaries and Expenses — C. Vaillancourt $ 1,234 02 Hector Beland 874 40 A. A. Comire 736 28 H. Comire 784 00 L. J. A. Dupuis 757 25 Luc Dupuis : 774 00 Elz. Girard 751 60 D. Rochefort 390 65 Henri Beland 331 30 W. J. Comire 414 50 O. Comire 589 65 P. A. Dupuis , 461 50 B. Brissette 500 00 E. Brissette * 227 25 $ 8,826 40 Young Women's Club supplies 60 00 Supplies and Incidentals 63 15 Orphelinat Agricole St. Damien, honey extractor 25 00 Beauceville College, hives 25 45 S 9,000 00 12.— DAIRYING. To September 30, 1916 $ 25,000 00 Towards salaries and expenses of inspecto-.« of cheese and butter factories % 25,000 00 AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION ACT 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c 13— DRAINAGE. Grant, 1916-17 $ 8,000 00 Expended, March 31, 1917 $7,850 15 Balance forward 149 85 $ 8,000 00 $8,000 00 Sic. Anne de la Pocatiere, salaries and expenses — UlricJean : S 622 10 R. Barbin 835 85 O. Garneau 659 69 F. N. Savoie 171 50 N. April 482 73 L. P. Garvin 442 97 — ■ $3,214 84 Macdonald College, salaries and expenses — G. E. Emberley $ 437 02 L. C. Hawke 332 95 F. G. Hetherington 323 36 J. W. Sutherland 153 49 C. M. Ewart 279 00 $ 1,525 82 John Drolet, services and expenses 848 24 W. Giroux, " " 1,140 83 J. Delaney, " " 50 00 Renewals, repairs, supplies .* 679 65 Incidentals and postage 390 77 $7,850 15 14— DOMESTIC SCIENCE. Grant, 1916-17 •. $10,000 00 Expended, March 31, 1917 $8,481 50 Balance forward 1 , 518 50 510,000 00 $10,000 00 Salaries and Expenses — Rev. O. L. Martin $ 751 90 Miss E. Leblanc 458 62 Miss Eva Pare 461 58 Miss J. Anctil 121 20 Grants to Domestic Science Schools 5,529 42 Macdonald College, grant special course 500 00 Domestic Science Schools' Exhibit, Quebec 342 85 Printing and stationery .' 315 93 $ 8,481 50 15.— MAPLE SUGAR. Grant, 1916-17 $4,000 00 Expended, March 31, 1917 * $2,343 51 Balance forward 1 , 656 49 $4,000 00 S4.000 00 Allowances, Sugar Schools — St. Louise : $ 992 54 St. Casimir 330 00 Beauceville 500 00 A. Francoeur, travelling expenses 50 00 Printing 304 37 Supplies 166 60 $ 2,343 51 16.— SHORT COURSES AND LECTURES. Grant 1916-17 $11,712 23 Expended, March 31, 1917 $10,645 60 Balance forward 1,066 63 $11,712 23 $11,712 23 15c— 3^ 36 DEPARTMENT OF A OR I ('L'f/Tl RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 16— SHORT COURSES AND LECTURES — Concluded. Salaries and Expenses — Rev. A. Michaud $ 664 95 Jos. Pasquet 603 75 Rev. H. Bois 409 65 Rev. J. B. A. Allaire 460 20 J. G. Bouchard 719 31 J. D. Leclair 150 00 O. Gauvin 185 75 Jean Masson. 400 00 Jos. Moren 751 65 A. Desilets 312 91 J. Masson 362 40 R. Gagnon 362 90 G. St. Pierre 451 36 J. Art. Paquet 150 00 J. L. A. Dupuis 505 40 Sundry persons, services, and expenses 2,367 39 Supplies and incidentals 279 23 Grant for Farmers' Special Course, St. Anne de la Pocatiere 576 00 Oka Institute allowances for expenses, 710 75 College of Agriculture, St. Thomas d'Aquin, grant for special course / 222 00 $ 10,645 60 QUEBEC. Comparative Statement of Expenditure of Provincial Funds for Agricultural purposes for the Years 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, and Estimated Expenditure for 1917 and 1918. Service. 1913 to June 30. 1914 to June 30. 1915 to June 30 1916 to June 30, 1917 to June 30. Civil Government Salaries and Contin- gencies i • Agricultural Schools Housekeeping Schools Agricultural Societies Farmers' Clubs or Agricultural Circles, including grant to S. Shore Railway. . Council of Agriculture Horticultural and Agricultural Societies, Montreal and Provincial Veterinary Instruction Dairying Dairy Factories Inspection Provincial Laboratory Lectures on Agriculture Fruit Growing Poultry Raising Journal of Agriculture Agricultural Merit Exhibitions Miscellaneous School of Agriculture, Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere — Towards construction Towards maintenance 41,533 34 20,208 39 10,000 00 120,614 08 90,851 82 4,529 03 1 , 000 00 5,994 96 74,441 50 2.000 00 6,537 56 11,856 29 3,000 00 29,000 00 4,000 00 32,000 00 100 00 10,000 00 10,000 00 $ cts. 45,220 96 18,534 99 18,500 00 164,551 98 99,650 00 3,665 83 1 , 000 00 5,500 00 76,000 00 $ cts. 45,500 00 29,863 09 10,290 29 146,296 56 97,000 00 2,787 99 1 , 000 00 4,772 68 67,676 14 45,424 05 30,000 00 8,518 00 105,061 96 148,020 10 2,272 68 1,000 00 6,500 00 94,451 64 1 , 540 24 7,029 44 10,865 48 3,000 00 29,000 00 2,607 65 32,000 00 100 00 2,000 00 5,406 09 6,580 36 2,099 14 27,000 00 3,270 38 31,000 00 100 00 4,000 00 3,927 21 4,605 33 2,126 47 26,624 30 3,298 40 30, 500 00 35 00 45,800 00 30,000 00 12,000 00 115,000 00 85,000 00 3,000 00 1 , 500 00 5,500 00 97,000 00 20,000 00 2,000 00 9,000 00 5,000 00 3,000 00 27.000 00 3,500 00 32,000 00 100 00 10,000 00 Totals. 477,666 528,766 57 482,642 72 516,365 14 496,400 00 475, 100 00 AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION ACT 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c MANITOBA. AGREEMENT, 1916-17. 1 Instructors and Representatives $ 17,668 19 2 Instruction and demonstration 16,197 03 3 Women's Work 16,634 78 4 Boys' and Girls' Clubs 12,950 18 5 Bulletins and Printing 5,649 82 6 Miscellaneous 1,667 20 $ 70,767 20 Extension Service. The work of the Extension Service is carried on in close co-operation with Agricultural Societies, Home Economics Societies, the Agricultural College and the Departments of Agriculture and Education, and is included under the following headings: — 1. Short Course Schools; 2. District Representatives; 3. Boys' and Girls' Clubs; 4. Agricultural Society Activities; 5. Home Economics Work; 6. Farmers' Week; 7. Institute Lectures. Short Courses. Greater attention was paid to the short course schools than in any previous year. Altogether 217 courses were held, these being divided as follows: — A. Agricultural and Home Economics — 17 courses, each of two weeks' duration. B. Dressmaking, Millinery, Cooking, Canning and Home Nursing — 169 courses, each of four or five days, for members of Home Economics societies. C. Agricultural Woodworking — 18 courses, each of two weeks' duration for the older members of Boys' and Girls' Clubs; given during the summer vacation. D. 10 weeks short courses in Sewing and Cooking for the older girls who were enrolled in Boys' and Girls' Club work; held during the summer vacation. The sessions at these courses ranged from 2% to 3 hours each and the attendance was as follows: — A. 836 men enrol 745 women B. 4,187 " 8,108 " C. 360 boys 230 girls ed. Aggregate attendance $ 15,158 12,838 37,702 16.216 -" " 5,2£0 2,115 Grand aggregate $ 83,309 38 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 george v, a. 1918 Normal School Agricultural Course. In co-operation with the Field Husbandrjr and Poultry Husbandry Depart- ments of the College, and the Dairy Branch of the Department of Agriculture, lectures were given at the Brandon Normal School. Later in the term a three weeks short course in Field Husbandry was carried on. At the close of the course an examination was held and most of those in attendance received first year standing in their subject at the Agricultural College. District Representatives. Enlistments and retirements reduced the number of representatives from seven at the beginning to three at the end of the year. The work performed is similar to that carried on in other provinces, emphasis being placed on Short Course Schools, Boys' and Girls' Clubs, Field Demonstrations, Dairy and Poultry Improvement work, Live Stock judging, Plot Inspection, and toward the end of the year, the promotion of Rural Credits Associations among the farmers. In the short course work each representative took charge of a series of schools commencing about the end of November and continuing until March. \ Boys' and Girls' Clubs. In Boys' and Girls' Club work the Extension Service aided teachers and public school inspectors in encouraging all phases of agricultural and home economics work, and as a further assistance, the help of bankers, merchants, farmers, and various other organizations was sought and secured. Over 13,000 boys and girls were enrolled as members. The most popular lines of work were chicken raising, gardening, pig and calf raising, cookery and sewing. During the season 110 fairs were held at which over 11,000 members exhibited and fully 38,900 people attended. Two judges were supplied for practically all the fairs, one for girls' work and the other for boys' work. At the close of each fair, the exhibits were discussed and instructions given as to the best lines to adopt in making the following \rear's work a success. Agricultural Society Activities. While the Agricultural Societies give valuable assistance to all phases of extension work, special mention should be made of the standing crop and good farming competitions, seed grain fairs, dressed poultry shows, and ploughing matches. About thirty of each of the above were held. Judges were supplied for all of these competitions, and advantage was taken of the occasion to discuss farming problems. The judges supplied were either members of the Agricultural College staff or men who had a wide farming experience. During 1917 summer- fallow competitions will be conducted. There are 72 Agricultural Societies in the province, with a membership of about 8,000; all of the societies held either a summer or a fall fair and from three to ten judges were supplied for each fair, mainly for the live stock classes. An increasing number are asking for extension service judges for women's work. Home Economics Societies. There are now over 100 societies in the province, with a membership of 4,000. While the energies of the members are being devoted mainly to Red Cross work, sufficient time was spared for attendance at short courses, as well as A&RIOTJLTl I'M, INSTBl < TION ACT 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c individual lectures and demonstrations. During the greater part of the year, from six to eight members of the staff devoted all their attention to the Home Economics Societies, mainly in giving demonstration lectures, and in conducting, short courses. During July three district Home Economics Conventions were held, at Dauphin, Boissevain, and Portage la Prairie, respectively. The programme for each of these Conventions was supplied for the most part by members of societies living within the district, which proved to be a splendid means of developing the latent talent of a large number of members Farmers' Week. During the Winnipeg Bonspiel, held in February, the various farmers' organizations hold their annual conventions. The Provincial Seed Grain Fair is also held at this time, and the Extension Department co-operates in making these meetings as practical and helpful as possible. The attendance was be- tween 1,400 and 1,500. Educational Exhibits. The Extension Service in co-operation with the College placed Educational Exhibits at a number of Agricultural Society Fairs as well as at the Brandon Exhibition and the International Soil Products Exhibition at Peoria, Illinois. Dairy Produce Grading. This work is rapidly increasing each year. During the season of 1914 2,223 samples of creamery butter were examined and graded, representing 26,676 fifty-six pound boxes; 1915, 3,780 samples, representing 45,360 boxes; 1916, 4,518 samples, representing 67,770 boxes. Defects are pointed out and suggestions made for improving the quality. Sixty-eight car loads of creamery butter were exported during the year and a government grade certificate accom- panied practically every car. The grading of cream and butter has been the means of greatly improving the standard of the creamery output. To encourage and to further stimulate their best efforts in cream grading, pasteurization, and all other essentials necessary for the production of as large a percentage of " First Grade Butter " and " Specials " as possible, premiums were paid to creameries on the basis of quality of product. Dairy instruction was continued in the northern part of the province, chiefly among the Ruthenians. About one hundred meetings were held, and over a thousand farm homes visited. Publications. The Publications Branch edited and supervised the printing and, to a large extent, the distribution of all agricultural literature published under the auspices of the Manitoba Department of Agriculture, whether the expense of publication was borne by the Dominion grant or paid for by Provincial moneys. ■ During the year 1916 from March 31 to December 31, the following publi- cations were issued: — No. of Copies. Bulletins 46,000 Circulars 30,000 Posters and Placards 15,000 Printed Programmes and folders 23,000 Printed forms * 23, 000 Circular letters and news letters, very many thousands. 40 DEPARTMENT OF ACHWULTl RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Early in the year 1916 a mailing machine was installed and mailing lists have been compiled and kept revised. The use of this machine enabled this Branch to conduct a great deal of mailing with expedition. Very free use was made of circular letters, both in the way of collecting information and also of disseminating it. Conspicuously useful in this direction was a news service, by means of which every newspaper in Manitoba interested in agricultural progress was kept supplied with news on timely subjects. The news items supplied in these letters were very widely published. The effort to supply information was not confined to the English papers, but arrangements were made whereby a series of specially prepared agricultural articles were published in leading papers printed in the Swedish, Norwegian, French, Icelandic, German, Ruthenian, and Polish languages. Demonstration Farms. In the report on the Agricultural Instruction Act for 1915-16 there appeared a statement showing the returns for the year from the fourteen demonstration farms established in 1913. One of these, situated at Killarney, consisting of approximately seventy-five acres, was purchased to be developed as a permanent Demonstration Station in the interests of horticultural work. Each of the other thirteen consisted of forty acres, secured under a ten-year lease, to be used for demonstrating the value of good cultivation, careful selection of seed, and the suitablility of certain crop rotations as a means of increasing production in the province. Early in the year 1916 the Provincial Minister of Agriculture cancelled the agreements with the owners and operators of these farms, and hence their use as demonstration plots was discontinued. Work on the Killarney Provincial Demonstration Farm is still in its early stages and not sufficiently advanced to report definite results. An eight-year rotation and a small amount of cultural work is all the cereal work that is being carried on, besides the production of feed for the live stock. Owing to the bad season, the crops were below the average. The grain in many cases was so poor that it was not threshed, and some that was threshed yielded very poorly. The early sown grain in every case was fairly good, the wheat yielding as high as 27 bushels and 20 pounds, oats 54 bushels, and barley 50. The late grain yielded: Wheat, 23^ bushels; oats, 22; barley, 24, spring rye, 30 bushels and 20 pounds. The crop of fodder corn was a success, yields running approxi- mately 12 tons per acre. Poultry Work. A great deal of the work of this department consists of lectures to Boys' and Girls' Clubs, Dressed Poultry Fairs, Short Courses, and Normal Schools. Ten lectures were given to Boys' and Girls' Clubs during September and Octo- ber; ten to Dressed Poultry Shows during November and December; sixty-one lectures at Short Course meetings, and eleven lectures to teachers at the Brandon and Portage la Prairie Normal Schools. Officers Provided by Dominion Grant. Instructor, Gas Engines A. C. Campbell. " Bee-keeping R. M. Muckle. " Poultry J. E. Bergey. " Dairying W. J. Crow. " " D. E. Mackenzie. . .C. S. Prodan. AQRICl LTl RA1 INSTRl CTI02i ACT 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c SuperintendentKillaniey Demonstration Kann, Nelson S. Smith. District Representative J. H. Kiteley. " " Fred F. Parkinson. W.R.Roberts. Home Economies Lecturer Margaret Smith. E.Crawford. Lillian Clarke. " " Caroline G. Senior. R.M.Atkinson. Stenographer, College Extension Division .... Accountant J. P. Grant (part salary). MANITOBA. Grant of 1916-17. Summary Statement, April 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917. No. Classification. Balances April 1, 1916. Grant 2nd Variation. Refunds. Total Credits. Ex- penditure. Cr. Balance. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Instructors and Representatives. . . Instruction and Demonstration. . . . ($12,000.00 for subsequent agree- $ cts. 6,831 81 13,904 01 * 2,500 00 $ cts. 17,668 19 $ cts. $ cts. 24,500 00 $ cts. 24,272 37 $ CtSj 227 63 16,197 03 489 75 33,090 79 12,000 00 21,090 79 17,400 00 13,483 78 6,500 00 3,270 76 19,607 75 17,254 46 13,450 83 6,320 59 2,574 18 1,483 04 145 54 32 95 179 41 696 58 Women's Work 765 22 533 60 850 18 1,603 56 16,634 78 12,950 18 5,649 82 1,667 20 Miscellaneous 26,988 38 70,767 20 489 75 86,245 33 12,000 00 83,480 IS 2,765 15 12,000 00 Plus.. . . Plus.... 98,245 33 14.705 15 (*From School Agriculture 1915-16.) 1. INSTRUCTORS AND REPRESENTATIVES. Grant 1916-17 $ 17,668 19 Balance April 1 6,831 81 Expended March 31, 1917 S 24,272 37 Balance forward 227 63 Salaries and Expenses. $ 24,500 CO $ 24,500 00 42 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 1. INSTRUCTORS AND REPRESENTATIVES — Concluded. F. S. Jacobs, Prof. Animal Husbandry $ 249 96 A. J. Galbraith, Instructor in Chemistry 1,283 31 Miss C. L. Groff, Instructor in Household Arts 866 64 J. A. Neilson, Secretary, Horticulture and Forestry 777 30 R. M. Muckle, Provincial Apiarist 1,462 51 J. E. Bergey, Demonstrator Poultry 533 32 L. A. Gibson, Dairy Instructor 1,587 34 W. J. Crowe, Dairy Instructor 2,348 35 W. J. G. Weiner, District Representative 2,064 61 L. V. Lohr, District Representative 1, 195 46 N. S. Smith, Provincial Apiarist 2,118 87 W. R. Roberts, Secretary, Horticulture and Forestry 2,053 89 F. J. Hudson, District Representative 1,277 48 J.R.Bell, " " 1,743 13 J. H. Kiteley, " " ' 882 50 F F. Parkinson, " " 1,302 12 A. Skorobohocy, " " 514 58 F. F. Boresky, " " 462 04 S. J. Sigfuson, " " 598 34 J. E. Sirrett, " " 263 82 A. C. Campbell, " " 375 00 R. W. Murchie, " " 300 00 Incidentals 11 80 % 24,272 37 2. INSTRUCTION AND DEMONSTRATION. Grant 1916-17 ($12,000.00 for subsequent agreement) $ 16, 197 03 Balances April 1, 1916, Instruction and Demonstration 13,904 01 School Agriculture, 1915-16 2,500 00 Refunds 489 75 Expended March 31, 1917 $ 19,607 75 Balance forward , 1 , 483 04 Balance forward (subsequent agreement) 12,000 00 $ 33,090 79 S 33,090 79 Killarney Farm — Buildings $ 2,197 73 Live Stock 387 18 Equipment "... 1,267 56 Maintenance and Supplies, Labour 2,892 57 S 6,745 04 Short Courses 6,428 39 Tile drainage M. A. C - 2, 192 12 District Representatives Expenses 1,388 18 Expenses special judges and lecturers 514 80 Equipment 130 13 Printing, stationery, incidentals 601 59 Baldur Farm 40 70 Grant Brandon Poultry Show 300 00 Prizes, Dressed Poultry 685 20 Seed Grain Prizes . 84 05 Farmers' Week Prizes 64 00 Boys' and Girls' Club Prizes •. . 25 00 Butter Contest Prizes 237 12 Wool Marketing 120 43 Incidentals 51 00 S 19,607 75 3. WOMEN'S WORK. Grant, 1916-17 $ 16,634 78 Balance April 1, 1916 765 22 Expended March 31, 1917 $ 17,254 46 Balance forward 145 54 $ 17,400 00 $ 17,400 00 mRWVfjTl R I L l\sri,'i CTI0T8 AQT 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c 3. WOMEN'S WORK— Concluded. Salaries and expenses — Miss E. Crawford $ 2,338 41 Hattie M. Gowsell 892 85 M argaret Sm ith 2 , 205 36 Caroline G. Senior 1,716 31 L.Clark 1,695 00 R. M. Atkinson 861 32 Mrs. C.Graham 1,296 88 ,A. Hay 925 00 Mildred Tew 514 75 Lecturers and Demonstrators — Sundry persons 3,025 00 Supplies and Incidentals 214 09 Grants to Home Economics Societies 1,239 07 Grants Exchange Libraries 75 00 Prizes, Farm-house plans 117 90 Printing, etc 137 52 8 17,254 46 4. BOYS' AND GIRLS' CLUBS. Grant, 1916-17 8 ' 12,950 18 Balance April 1, 1916.. . .'. 533 60 Expended March 31, 1917 $ 13,450 83 Balance forward 32 95 8 13,483 78 8 13,483 78 Services and Expenses, Sundry persons, judges, lecturers, etc 8 8,999 09 Grants 838 70 Prizes 2,445 95 Printing 184 50 Supplies and incidentals 982 59 S 13,450 83 5. BULLETINS AND PRINTING. Grant, 1916-17 8 5,649 82 Balance, April 1, 1916 850 18 Expended, March 31, 1917 I 6,320 59 Balance forward • 179 41 $ 6,500 00 S 6,500 00 Geo. Batho, salary 8 1,874 97 Printing bulletins, circulars, and posters 4,303 18 Advertising 142 44 $ 6,320 59 0. MIS< "ELLANE* >US. Grant, 1916-17 $ 1,667 20 Balance, April I, 1916 1,603 56 Expended, March 31, 1917 8 2,574 18 Balance forward 696 58 $ 3,270 76 S 3,270 76 Equipment — Addressograph and plates • • •$ 1, 185 66 Miscellaneous, including postage 1,088 52 Salary, part, Jas. P. Grant, Accountant 300 00 8 2,574 18 44 DEl'ARTMEST OF ACRK'l LTl RE 8 GEORGE V. A. 1918 AGRICULTURAL AID GRANT 1912-1913. Expenditure to May 31, 1916. Demonstration Farms $ 5,425 90 Demonstration Trains 3,278 45 Agricultural meetings, lectures 1,046 10 Ploughing matches 230 98 Poultry Industry 985 20 Grants to Agricultural Societies 18,001 65 S 28,968 28 Balance unexpended 2,901 33 $ 31,869 61 Comparative Statement of Expenditure of Provincial Funds for Agricultural Purposes for the Years 1913, 1914, 1915 and 1916 and Appropriations for 1917. 1913 1914 1915 1916 Service. To Nov. 30 To Nov. 30. To Nov. 30. To Nov. 30. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. Department — Salaries 14,729 97 14,700 00 14,555 00 12,522 26 Office expenses 1,675 28 1,496 07 1,727 81 1,990 39 Agricultural Societies and Farmers' Institutes 41,937 40 39,426 53 48, 145 78 45,787 69 General Agriculture 7,309 06 8,315 60 9,799 69 23,429 90 Grants to Live Stock Associations, Winter Fairs, Ex- hibitions, and Societies (Dom Fair, S20.000.00, special in 1913) 36, 473 00 19,229 00 5,707 72 12,895 82 Manitoba Agricultural College — Salaries 68,393 02 76,190 00 103,709 95 101,369 45 36,461 85 52,172 71 65,791 83 75,246 52 Fuel..... 12,537 55 40,342 06 35,337 25 69,804 15 Totals 220,517 13 251,872 08 284,775 03 343,046 19 Revenue — Agricultural College fees, etc. . . 16,509 91 18,175 77 42,876 10 63,146 01 Net total 204,007 22 233,696 31 241,898 93 279,900 18 AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION ACT 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c SASKATCHEWAN. AGREEMENT, 1916-17. 1. College of Agriculture $ 22,800 00 2. Instructors, Directors, Superintendents and District Representatives — Salaries and Ex- penses 30,700 00 3. Instruction and Demonstration in live stock, dairying, soils, crops, etc., including Short Courses 7,000 00 4. Women's Work 4,500 00 5. Bulletins and Miscellaneous printing 3,900 00 6. Agricultural instruction in Public, High, and Normal Schools — Nature Study, School Gardens, Domestic Scionse, Training of Teachers 4,500 00 7. Contingencies and miscellaneous 1,469 76 Total $ 74,869 76 Better Farming Train. The number of places visited by the " Better Farming Train " in 1916 was 56, the distance travelled was 810 miles over Canadian Northern lines; the attendance was 22,673, made up of 8,245 men, 13,392 women and 5,455 children. The total cost was $4,787. As in previous years, the college fur- nished the live stock for demonstration purposes as well as many other exhibits, and also supplied several members of its regular staff, who acted as lecturers and demonstrators. The railway company supplied the rolling stock and operated the train free of charge. Short Courses. Under the Extension Division of the College of Agriculture, 59 Short Courses in Agriculture were held at 51 points. The aggregate attendance was 7,311. At a number of leading points separate classes were held for Normal School students with a view to awakening greater interest in Agriculture in the minds of those who intend entering the teaching profession. At the College of Agriculture, a two-weeks' course in traction engineering was held, with a regular attendance of 195 students. Apart from this, no short courses in agriculture were provided at the college during the year, the week usually devoted to this object being given over to the annual convention of live-stock breeders. Women's Institute courses were held during the winter at fifteen points, the total attendance being 756. Agricultural and Household Science Education. The policy of the Department of Education to extend and encourage instruction in Agriculture and Household Science in the Schools was continued under the direction of the Agricultural Instruction Committee. The Director of Household Science, Miss F. A. Twiss, was given the assistance of Miss H. McMurtry, who will instruct in Household Science at the Normal School at Regina. At the Saskatoon Normal School, the Director of Women's Work, Miss A. Delury will undertake similar duties. Ninety-eight teachers took the course in Agriculture, conducted at the University, and twenty-one took the Household Science Course. The railway fares of teachers who satisfactorily complete a course are paid, and living accom- modation is provided. Seventy-five per cent of the schools of the province this year attempted garden work, and increased interest is being shown in the planting of school grounds. A bulletin of 70 pages entitled " The School Garden " was issued and distributed. 40 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 The number of School Fairs held during the year was 84, being exactly double that of the year previous. Many of these fairs were organized by Rural Education Associations. About 40 of these associations have been organized since 1915, with the object of promoting school fairs, contests for boys and girls and young people's clubs. The work of the Co-operation division of the Department of Agriculture is financed by the grant. During the year, 91 co-operative producing, marketing and purchasing associations were registered under the Agricultural Co-operative Associations Act, making a total of 352 since the Act first came into effect in December 1913. Throughout the year speakers were supplied to assist groups of farmers in organizing. Continuing the co-operative wool marketing work begun in 1914, the division proceeded to act as a marketing agenc}' for producers. Under arrangement with the Dominion Live Stock Branch expert graders were supplied. Poultry* marketing stations at Regina and Saskatoon were operated from November to January, as in previous years, the project being advertised by posters and leaflets. The division again undertook the work of supplying flower and vegetable seed for school and home gardens at a nominal cost. Upwards of 400 schools were supplied with seeds of varieties known to be suited to Saskatchewan con- ditions. The work performed by the College of Agriculture of the University of Saskatchewan comprising College Extension, investigation and research, was outlined somewhat fulhy in the report of 1915-16, pp. 71-72. In the fields of investigation and research the work was continued in 1916-17 on the lines indicated in that report, and it is unnecessary to again refer to it in detail. The nature of the Extension work carried on is indicated in the summary that follows : — During the year ended June 30, 1917, there were held at the Agricultural College of the University of Saskatchewan and at various points in the Province the following: — Co-operation and Marketing. University of Saskatchewan. Summary of Activities. Attendance. At the University — Summer School Agricultural Societies' Convention Live Stock Convention r Dairymen's Convention Short Course in Traction Engineering Veterinary Short Course Short Courses for Returned Soldiers. . Short Course for Young Girls Home-makers' Convention in 1917 Excursions to the College 3,000 123 200 120 100 195 50 76 80 300 4,244 At various points in the Province — 13 Spring Shows 62 Ploughing matches 100 Junior exhibitions for children 60 Seed Fairs 15 Conferences with home-makers 59 Short Courses for farmers 1 Better Farming Special, in 1917 124 Exhibitions (excluding those at Regina, Saskatoon, Battleford, Prince Albert, and 250 7,000 15,000 5,500 756 7,300 40,000 12,000 Weyburn) 87,806 92,050 Ad It I CI I/I! It A l. IXSTItl CTI ON ACT 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c Officers provided by the Dominion Grant. (A) Officers, regularly employed, whose salaries are paid from the Agricultural Instruction Grant. Vivid Representative, J. W. Hunter, Live Stock Branch, Department of Agri- culture, Regina. Dairy Inspector, J. A. McDonald, Department of Agriculture, Regina. Dairy Inspector, P. E. Reed, Department of Agriculture, Regina. Field Representative, L. C. Wirtz, Dairy Branch, Department of Agriculture Wadena. District Representative, J. G. Rayner, North Battleford. Professor of Cereal Husbandry, G. H. Cutler, Saskatoon. Professor of Animal Husbandry, A. M. Shaw, Saskatoon. Assistant Professor of Animal Husbandry, W. H. J. Tisdale, Saskatoon. Assistant Professor of Agricultural Engineering, J. MacGregor Smith, Saskatoon. Professor of Poultry Husbandry, R. K. Baker, Saskatoon. Assistant Professor of Dairying, K. G. MacKay, Saskatoon. Assistant Professor of Physics, A. E. Hennings, Saskatoon. Assistant Professor of Chemistry, T. Thorvaldson, Saskatoon. Director of Women's Work, Miss A. Delury. Lecturer for Homemakers' Clubs, Miss Daisy Harrison. Director, School Agriculture, F. W. Bates, Department of Education, Saskatoon. Director, School Agriculture, A. W. Cocks, Department of Education, Regina. Director, Household Science, Miss F. A. Twiss, Department of Education, Regina. Assistant Household Science, Miss Helen McMurtry, Department of Education, Regina. (B) Officers, regularly employed, whose salaries are paid in part from the Agricul- tural Instruction Grant. Director, Co-operative Work, W. W. Thompson, Department of Agriculture, Regina. Assistant Director, Co-operative Work, *W. G. Mawhinney, Department of Agriculture, Regina. (C) Officers employed a part of each year whose salaries are paid from the Agricul- tural Instruction Grant. Field Representative, J. S. Fulton, Live Stock Branch, Department of Agricul- ture, Regina. Field Representative, M. P. Tullis, Weeds Branch, Department of Agriculture, Saskatoon. Field Representative, Wm. Thomson, Weeds Branch, Department of Agriculture, Veregin, Sask. Field Representative, R. J. Lewis, Weeds Branch, Department of Agriculture, Vandura, Sask. Field Representative, W. E- Walker, Weeds Branch, Department of Agriculture. Field Representative, J. S. Naylor, Weeds Branch, Department of Agriculture. Field Representative, A. J. McPhail, Live Stock Branch, Department of Agri- culture. *Enlisted 48 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICl LTl EE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 SASKATCHEWAN. Grant of 1915-16. Summary Statement, April 1, 1916, to September 30, 1916. No. Classification. April 1, 1916, Balances. Transfer. Total Credits. Expendi- ture. Cr. Balance. , Sept. 30, 1916. 1 4 2 3 5 6 7 8 College of Agriculture Women's Work $ cts. } 13,614 43 19,686 37 5,592 02 1,100 00 1,746 97 878 30 849 01 114 24 $ Cto. $ cts. 13,614 43 19,686 37 5,592 02 1,100 00 1,746 97 1,978 30 849 01 114 24 $ cts. 13,473 85 11,251 35 2,111 92 1,100 00 1 , 608 89 1,282 02 722 61 $ cts. 140 58 8,435 02 3,480 10 138 08 696 28 126 40 114 24 Instructors, directors, superintend- ents and district representatives, salaries and expenses Instruction and demonstration in live stock, dairying, soils, crops, etc., including short courses Boy's and Girl's work Bulletins and miscellaneous pay- Instruction in public , high and normal schools in agriculture, nature study and domestic science, school gardens, training of teachers Contingencies and miscellaneous. . . . Interest accrued 1,100 00 43,581 34 1,100 00 44,681 34 31,350 64 13,130 70 1. and 4.— COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE. Balance, brought forward, April 1, 1916 $ 13,614 43 Expended to September 30, 1916 $ 13,473 85 Balance on hand, September 30, 1916 140 58 $ 13,614 43 $ 13,614 43 DETAIL8. Instruction and Research — Salaries — Seven professors, and assistants, part time $ 3,903 72 Two professors, full time 2,050 00 Four assistants in Field Husbandry Work 1,619 14 Extension Work — Salaries — Six professors and assistants, part time 2,888 74 Director and lecturer in Women's work 1,435 12 Expenses, women's work 1,577 13 $ 13,473 85 2.— INSTRUCTORS, DIRECTORS, SUPERINTENDENTS AND DISTRICT REPRESEN- TATIVES—SALARIES AND EXPENSES. Balance on hand, March 31, 1916 $ 19,686 37 $ Expended to September 30, 1916 11,251 35 Balance on hand, September 30, 1916 8,435 02 $ 19,686 37 $ 19,686 37 AdhWCI I.TI AM/. / \ s/h'l rrfoV I < "/' 40 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c Department of Agriculture. Salary. Expenses. Live Stock — J. W. Hunter, Field Representative $ 600 00 8 644 45 J. S. Fulton, Field Representative 493 33 621 80 $ 2,359 58 Weeds— W. W. Thomson $ $ no 34 W. E. Walker 30 00 M. P. Tullis 97 80 J. S. Naylor 400 00 326 60 R. E. Lewis 203 23 254 35 Dairying — J. A. McDonald 8 650 00 P. Reed 750 00 8 234 55 L. C. Wirtz 500 00 Dairy Special 159 40 Dairy Branch (Butter) 17 36 1,422 32 2,311 31 Co-operative Work — W. W. Thomson 8 $ 8 04 W. G. Mawhinney 466 67 474 71 District Representative — J. G. Raynter $ 533 32 $ 533 32 Education* Department. Miss F. A. Twiss 8 833 36 8 206 45 A. W. Cocks 1,200 00 346 65 F.W.Bates 1,200 00 263 65 H. McMurtry 100 00 4,150 11 3.— INSTRUCTION AND DEMONSTRATION. 8 11.251 35 Balance, April 1, 1916 $ 5,592 02 Expended 1 $ 2,111 92 Balance, October 1, 1916 3,480 10 8 5,592 02 $ 5,592 02 Better Farming Train — Salaries $ 1,119 50 8 Maintenance 571 96 Equipment 85 26 1,776 72 District Representative — J. G. Rayner, expenses 335 20 $ 2,111 92 6.— BULLETINS AND PRINTING. Balance on hand, March 31, 1916 8 1,746 97 Expended to September 30, 1916 8 1,608 89 Balance 138 08 8 1 , 746 97 8 1 , 746 97 Department of Agriculture — Co-operative Work $ 287 24 Better Farming Train 651 14 Dairying i 257 23 8 1. 195 61 Education Department — Office supplies 8 30 98 Etching and half tone . 6 50 Multigraphing circular letters 121 59 Postage for distribution 175 00 Bulletin No. 6 ,The School Garden 566 00 Bulletin No. 5, School Fairs 76 01 976 08 8 2,171 69 Less interest 562 80 8 1,608 89 15c— 4 50 DEPARTUEXT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 + 7.— SCHOOL INSTRUCTION IN AGRICULTURE. Balance, March 30. 1916 $ - 878 30 Boys' and girls' work 1, 100 00 Expended to September 30, 1916 $ 1,282 02 Balance, October 1, 1916 '. 696 28 S 1,978 30 S 1,978 30 Instruction in Public High and Normal Schools in Agriculture, Nature Study and Domestic Science, School Gardens, Training for Teachers. Seeds for Normal School S 8 06 Normal School Garden (Labour) 188 02 R. F. Meadows, Special Lecturer 7 55 D. P. McColl, Special Lecturer 4 85 J. H. H. Davies, Demonstrator 6 10 David Swan, Demonstrator Teachers' Convention, Prince Albert 38 80 Summer Schools — Regina (1915) 11 38 Saskatoon (1916) — Fares, etc. to teachers attending 680 10 Supplies 42 71 Isabel Shaw, teacher, Household Science 121 15 Helen McMurtrv, teacher, Household Science 125 50 Fannie Twiss, Director Household Science 47 80 $ 1,282 02 8.— CONTINGENCIES AND MISCELLANEOUS. Balance, April 1, 1916 $ 849 01 Expended to April 1, 1916 $ 722 61 Balance, October 1, 1916 126 40 $ 849 01 $ 849 01 Agricultural Department — Co-operative work $ 53 76 Dairy 62 90 Better Farming Train 25 18 Saskatchewan Veterinary Association 500 00 $ 641 84 Education Department — School Garden Model % 12 96 Lantern slides 37 06 Apparatus for Domestic Science, etc 22 55 Agricultural Instruction Committee 8 20 _ 80 77 $722 61 A.GRICI LTl R I/. IXSTRl < "I l<>\ ACT 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c SASKATCHEWAN. Grant of 1916-17. Summary Statement, October 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917. Classification. Balances, October 1, 1916. Grant. Refundt Total Credits. Expendi- • ture. No. 1. College of Agriculture 4. Women's work 2. Instructors, directors, super- intendents, and district re- presentatives: salaries and expenses 3. Instruction and demonstra- tion in live stock, dairying, soils, crops, etc., including short courses 5. Bulletins and miscellaneous printing. 6. Instruction in public, high, and normal schools in agri- culture, nature study, and domestic science, school gar- dens, training of teachers. . . 7. Contingencies and miscella- neous Interest accrued $ eta 140 58 8,435 02 3,480 10 138 08 696 28 126 40 114 24 13,130 70 $ cts 22,800 00 4,500 00 30,700 00 7,000 00 3,900 00 4,500 00 1,469 76 $ cts 20 40 74,869 76 104 72 125 12 $ cts 27,440 58 39, 135 02 10,480 10 4,038 08 5,216 68 1,596 16 218 96 38, 125 58 $ cts 13,796 01 14,311 39 3,145 26 591 45 131 50 174 12 32, 149 73 Detailed Statement of Expenditures, October 1, 1916 to March 31, 1917. 1 and 4. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE. Grant, 1916-17— College of Agriculture S22.800 00 Women's Work 4, 500 00 Balance brought forward, October 1, 1916 140 58 Expended to March 31, 1917 $13,796 01 Balance on hand, March 31, 1917 13,644 57 $27,440 58 $27,440 58 Details. Instruction and Research — $ cts. Salaries — Seven Professors and assistants, part time 4,374 90 Two professors, full time 2,099 94 Four assistants in Field Husbandry work 1,141 12 Four assistants in Soil analysis 735 00 Extension Work — Salaries and expenses — Six Professors and assistants, part time 2,974 98 Director and Lecturer in Women's Work 1,215 00 Expenses, Women's Work 1,255 07 $13,796 01 15c— 4§ 52 /)/;/* MIT VEST OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 2 INSTRUCTORS. DIRECTORS, SUPERINTENDENTS, AND DISTRICT REPRE- 2 SENTATIVES^SALARIES AND EXPENSES. $ cts. $ cts. ~ . ,oir_i7 30,700 00 Grant, 191b-w B n9 Balance on hand, October 1, 1917 8,*K> iw Expended, March 31, 1917 ol'eoi «9 Balance on hand, March 31, 1917 2A,£ 39,135 02 39,135 02 Salary- Expenses. Department of Agriculture. ^ $ ^ $ ^ ^'/w Hunter 600 00 439 19 A. J. McPhail — m , ' " J. S. Fulton 100 00 Zl fn M. P. Revanal 7° V„ J-W.Leedy 1,687 34 " 'ITe Walker 10° 00 118 00 MPTullis 200 00 87 90 LSSson:::::::::::::::::: r-...:. 40000 39450 J. S. Naylor «j Jjj Incidentals 1 g^g 32 ^TTMcDonald 700 00 282 50 P F C 875 00 260 10 l:Sw^v::::::::v:::::::::;::::::::::::...-. 70000 12693 F. M. Logan 4o0 00 D. McLeod 349 98 153 90 H- J- Crowe 300 00 4 198 41 Co-operative Work- 148 20 W.W. Thomson 1Q6 29 Incidentals 1 031 g^ District Representative— n? 8Q j m n J. G. Rayner - ao° 01 Education" Department. f-^wiss. .. So Kgfta^v/.::L\-::-:::;:::x;^::::::::::::::;::::;::- >g** 4,79330 14,311 39 3. INSTRUCTION AND DEMONSTRATION. $ cts. $ cts. n . ,Q,fi_i7 7,000 00 Grant 1910-17 3 ^gg 10 Balance on hand, April 1, 1916 ' 3 26 Expended, April 1, 1917 - 7 334 84 Balance on hand, April 1, 1917 \ 10,480 10 10,480 10 Better Farming Train — 9 3^3 gg Sustenance and travelling expenses • ^ 3Q Equipment 3,145 26 5. BULLETINS AND PRINTING. n • ,01R_i7 3,900 00 Grant, 1916-17 jgg gg Balance, October 1, 1916 59145 Expenditure •> 44c m Balance, April 1, 1917 4,038 08 4,038 08 A.GRICI LTl KM. TNSTRl CTIOS ACT 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c 5. BULLETINS AND PRINTING— Concluded. Department of Agriculture. $ cts. % cts. Printing Bulletins and Circulars for Co-opcrativc. Work — King's Printer 295 55 Saturday Press and Prairie Farm 36 25 351 80 Education Department. Bulletins and Miscellaneous Printing — Office supplies.- 72 35 Multigraphing circular letters \ 5 35 Postage on publications 100 00 Rural Educational Monthly (Jan.) 46 00 Report forms, Director of Household Science 15 95 239 65 591 45 6— SCHOOL INSTRUCTION IN AGRICULTURE. $ cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 4,500 00 Balance, Oct. 1, 1916 696 28 Expended, March 31, 1917 Ill 10 Balance, April 1, 1917. . . 7 5,085 18 5,196 28 5,196 28 Instruction in Public, High and Normal Schools in Agriculture, Nature Study, and Domestic Science, School Gardens, Training of Teachers. Summer School, Saskatoon, 1916 — $ cts. $ cts. Janitor, Victoria School, Saskatoon 25 00 Railway fares of Normal students to Indian Head to visit Experimental Farm 106 50 131 50 Less refunds 20 40 111 10 7. —CONTINGENCIES AND MISCELLANEOUS. $ cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 1,469 76 Balance, Oct. I, 1916 , 126 40 Expenditure, Mar. 31, 1917 174 12 Balance, April 1, 1917 1,422 04 1,596 16 1,596 16 Education Department — School Garden Model 0 50 Lantern Slides 4 25 Agricultural Institute Committee 41 30 Chemical supplies. . .' 1 50 Express 4 35 Periodicals and books 22 92 Telephone rental, Miss Twiss 20 50 School Fairs Detail 78 80 174 12 174 12 54 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Comparative Statement of Expenditure of Provincial Funds for Agricultural purposes for the Years 1913, 1914, 1915, and estimated for 1916 and 1917 Service. 1913-14. To April 30. 1914-15. To April 30. 1915-16. To April 30. 1916-17. To April 30 (estimated) Department — Salaries and general ex- pense General Agricultural Interests, Agricul- tural Societies, Provincial Organization, Grants, Contingencies Live Stock Industry Dairy and Poultry Industries Agricultural Statistics and Publicity Bacteriological Laboratory Weed Control and Game Protection Bureau of Labour — Farm and Domestic labour and factory inspection Miscellaneous Service — *Vital statistics, Natural History Scholarships, Brands, etc Totals... . ." Less Revenue 14 mths. $ cts. 41,186 38 56,148 90 68,575 84 471,272 25 33,413 43 8,111 11 18,398 52 55,542 00 27,892 19 $ cts. 39,536 09 67,739 52 23,593 85 84,600 63 36,404 16 8,443 74 19,588 94 8,968 35 24,352 72 $ cts. 66,347 93 68,549 34 35,636 95 87,986 43 26,635 82 8,040 88 18,272 69 7,594 60 21,235 31 $ cts. 40,795 00 67,600 00 30,300 00 71,100 00 26,900 00 8,400 00 8,900 00 Weeds 10, 100 00 Game 9,600 00 9,100 00 780,540 62 552,340 78 337,228 00 179,291 51 340,299 95 104,283 41 282,795 00 95,500 00 228, 199 84 175,936 49 236,016 54 187,295 00 *Note. — Vital Statistics transferred to Bureau of Public Health at beginning of fiscal year 1914-15. **Advances to creameries, $60,000 for purchase of milk and cream not included in 1917-18. A&RIOUl/Tl R I/. WSTRl < TION ACT 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c ALBERTA AGREEMENT, 1916-17. 1. Schools of Agriculture — S ctfl. $ cts. Maintenance 34,000 00 Equipment 1,200 00 35,200 00 2. Instructors, Demonstrators and District Agents 7,500 00 3. Instruction and Demonstration — Demonstration Farms 6,500 00 Demonstration Trains 5,000 00 Dairying 2,000 00 13,500 00 4. Women's Work 3,000 00 5. Bulletins, Publications, Printing 2,500 00 6. Miscellaneous 47 22 61,747 22 Schools of Agriculture. The three schools located at Claresholm, Olds and Vermilion respectively, have continued to have a good attendance of both boys and girls in spite of the fact that many young men have enlisted. The actual attendance in 1916-17 was as follows : — ■ Claresholm 70 boys. 40 girls. Olds 64 boys. 55 girls. Vermilion 47 boys. 19 girls. The staffs from each of the schools were engaged during the summer in extension work of various kinds. live of the men acted as District Agents, carrying on club work particularly. The instructors acted as judges at fairs, addressed meetings over the country and carried on different kinds of investi- gational work including experimental work in the field husbandry at each of the schools. The female teachers were employed in addressing women's institute meetings. Instruction and Demonstration. Under the heading of Demonstration Farms, the full amount of this vote was spent in the purchase of live stock, especially in securing good bulls as herd headers for the different farms. Some of the choicest male animals that it was possible to buy were secured including the dairy shorthorn bull " Director ", now located at the Olds Demonstration Farm, and the Holstein bull, " King Segis Pontiac Alcartra 11th ", located at the Stony Plain Farm. Some good females were purchased also. -Demonstration Train. This train was operated during July and August and covered about 65 places. The three lines of railway furnished the equipment including coaches, engine, diner and sleeper, each railway hauling the train free of charge. The heads of the various branches of the Department, including the principals of the Schools of Agriculture, prepared the exhibits. Either the head of each branch or an assistant accompanied the train through the entire period, giving demon- strations and lectures. A large number of people visited the train and very encouraging comments were made by those who attended, respecting the exhibits and the kind of information given. 56 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 george v, a. 1918 Dairying. The District Agents carried on cow testing work during the summer, encouraging people to weigh and test the milk of their cows. The work con- sisted principally of actually gathering the samples, checking the weights and making the tests. Women's Work. The Women's Institute branch of the Department engaged actively in organizing institutes, in holding short courses and in giving lectures and demon- strations. This work has progressed very rapidly and is providing valuable education, particularly to those who live some distance from centres. Officers whose Salaries are provided by the Dominion Grant. (A) Officials whose salaries are paid wholly from the Agricultural Instruction Grant: — Instructor in Dairying and Dairy Farming, S. G. Carlyle, Department of Agriculture, Edmonton. Editor of Publications, Jas. McCaig. Stenographer. (B) Officials whose salaries are paid in part from the Agricultural Instruction Grant: — Vermilion School — • Principal, F. S. Grisdale. Stenographer. Instructor in Science. Plotman, Robt. Pilkie. Instructor in Domestic Science. Assistant Instructor in Domestic Science, A. M. Lavalee. Laborer. Olds School — Principal, W. J. Elliott. Agricultural Mechanics, G. R. Holeton. Instructor in Science, Jas. G. Tag'gart. Agronomist, H. Saville. ■ • English Instructor, J. J. Loughlin. Instructor, Household Science, Miss Elizabeth Gumming. Assistant Instructor, Household Science, Miss Marion E. Storey. Stenographer. Claresholm School — Principal, W. J. Stephen. Instructor in English and Elementary Science, J. C. Hooper. " Animal Husbandry. " Domestic Science, Myrtle A. Hayward. " Assistant Instructor, Domestic Science, Grace Robertson. Stenographer. Teamster. A.QRICI LTl RA I. I A 8TRI CI l<>\ ACT 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c Womeyi's Institutes — Superintendent, Miss Mary Mclsaacs, Department of Agriculture, Edmon- ton. Stenographer. Assistant Superintendent, Mrs. Jean Muldrew. Demonstrator, Miss Bessie McDermand. Instructress in Nursing, Miss Annie McKenzie. " Miss L. Bessie Sargent. District Agents — - H. H. Mclntyre, Stony Plain. H. W. Scott, Claresholm. W. Geo. Payne, Vermilion. ALBERTA Grant of 1916-17. Summary Statement, April 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917. No Classification. Balances April 1, 1916. Grant. Total Credits. Expendi- ture. Dr. Balance. Schools of Agriculture — (a) Maintenance. . . (6) Equipment Provincial Instructors — Dairying — Instruction and Demonstration — (o) Demonstration Farms. . Dr (6) Demonstration Trains (c) Dairying (d) District Agents Women's Work Bulletins and Publications Miscellaneous Interest accrued Interest, 1916-17 $ cts. 6,429 63 326 27 152 56 2,406 52 42 88 2,119 19 27 61 1,024 01 806 63 642 85 $ cts 34,000 00 1,200 00 3,500 00 6,500 00 5,000 00 2,000 00 4,000 00 3,000 00 2,500 00 47 22 9,165 11 61,747 22 $ cts. 40,429 63 1,526 27 3,652 56 4,093 48 5,042 88 4,119 19 4,000 00 3,027 61 3,524 01 853 85 642 85 555 05 71,467 38 $ cts 30,164 12 2,653 86 3,040 69 3,484 86 5,233 63 2,212 16 4,293 59 2,209 75 2,121 00 $ cts. 1,127 59 190 75 293 59 55,413 66 1,611 93 1— SCHOOLS OF AGRICULTURE, (a) Maintenance. $ cts. Salaries and wages 13,423 34 Travelling expenses 1,196 30 Maintenance and Supplies , 13,956 26 Printing and advertising 1,548 22 Incidentals 40 00 $30,164 12 (6) Equipment. $ cts. Apparatus, appliances, implements, etc 2,273 47 Books and magazines for Libraries 380 39 2,6*3 86 58 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 2.— INSTRUCTION IN DAIRYING. S. G. Carlyle, salary S 3,000 00 Printing 40 69 3,040 69 3. INSTRUCTION AND DEMONSTRATION. (a) Demonstration" Farms. ' Purchase of Breeding Stock and Incidental Expenses S 6, 120 05 Refund— Sale of animals 2,644 19 S 3,484 86 The above includes the purchase price of the Holstein bull " King Pontiac Segis Alcarta 11th," No. '26692, and of 10 head of pure-bred Hereford cattle. (6) Demonstration Train. Wages * 70 13 Travelling 560 88 Supplies and Maintenance <• 3, 702 70 Printing and Advertising 832 42 Incidentals 67 50 $ 5,233 63 (c) Dairy Competitions. Travelling * Wrvl Supplies and Maintenance 1,307 16 Premiums — Live Stock 587 00 Printing and Advertising '• 21 00 $ 2,212 16 (d) District Agents. Travelling * 1.287 31 Supplies and Maintenance 2,423 44 Prizes, Schools of Agriculture Competitions 2/450 Printing and Advertising 308 34 $ 4.293 59 4. WOMEN'S WORK. Salaries — Miss Mary Mclsaacs, Superintendent, and Staff $ 1,000 00 Travelling 678 43 Printing, Advertising and Stationery o20 82 Incidentals 1° 50 $ 2,209 75 5. BULLETINS AND PUBLICATIONS. Salaries— Jas. McCaig, Editor of Publications, and Staff $ 2,059 67 Supplies and Printing 61 33 $ 2,121 00 MUtfCfl/ri UAL l.XSTUI I TIOX ACT 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c Comparative Statement of Expenditure of Provincial Funds for Agricultural Purposes for the years 1913, 1914, i915, and Appropriations for 1916 and 1917. Service. 1916 1917 1913. 1914. 1915. Appropri- Appropri- ations. ations. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. ., r. 30, 329 30 36,911 29 48,3/9 y4 49,520 00 54,940 00 Live stock — Live Stock and Agricultural Institutes and Associations: Fat Stock Shows; Destruction of Wolves; Stock In- spection; Brands and Brand Book; Grants to Live Stock Associations; Spring Stock .Show 44,789 38 60,981 07 A T TOiJ OO 47,7oo 06 46, 100 00 52,700 00 Fairs and Inhibitions — Official Judges, Production of Pure Seed Grain, and Seed r air, fairs ntz DOC E 1 95, 82b 51 107,365 49 117 OOft 1 Q 121,500 00 112,500 00 Poultry — To encourage Poultry Industry; Grant to Poultry Association 8,972 65 8,547 83 8,300 St 8,200 00 8,700 00 Dairying — Advances to Creameries; to encourage - dairy work 111,710 36 175,024 84 249,851 53 19,500 0C 19,500 00 Demonstration Farms — Administration and Operation 73,620 58 66,840 44 70,231 95 65,000 0C 65,500 00 Schools of Agriculture — Operation; Agricultural Instruction, 3,605 95 1,375 40 20,503 11 20,500 00 20,000 00 Statistics, Protection of Game, Prairie Fires 34,270 19 48,373 26 45,371 79 32,500 00 36,000 00 Grants — United Farmers Irrigation Association, Women's Institutes, Destruction of Noxious Weeds, Natural History Society 30,591 45 31,708 08 27,640 66 30,000 00 35,000 00 Bacteriological and Pathological Work . . 7,705 80 9,000 00 9,0C0 00 Sundries and Contingencies 1,003 51 500 00 1,694 19 1,000 00 1,200 00 442,425 68 .546,627 70 645,786*55 393,820 00 406,040 00 202,268 00 272,318 00 342,086 00 240, 157 68 274,309 70 303,700 55 GO hEI'ARTMEXT OF Adh'KJl LTl RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 BRITISH COLUMBIA AGREEMENT OF 1916-1917. 1 Towards appointment of Inspectors, Instructors, Directors, Superintendents and District Representatives $ 19, 000 00 2 Farm demonstration and experimental work, field crop competitions, boys' and girls' clubs, crop and stock competitions, cow-testing associations, poultry demonstration stations, co-operative variety tests 16,000 00 3 Horticulture demonstration stations, experimental work in vegetable growing and green- house work, pathological and entomological investigation work, demonstration and experimental work in various cultural practices in fruits and vegetables 7,000 00 4 Agricultural Journal, bulletins, reports, circulars and miscellaneous printing 5,000 00 5 Department of Education, towards agricultural instruction in Public, Normal and High Schools 15,000 00 6 Contingencies and miscellaneous 1,732 50 Total $ 63.732 50 During the year the following lines of work were carried out under the Agricultural Instruction Grant: — Poultry Breeding Stations. — A number of these stations have been established in the more remote sections. A flock consisting of 20 hens and 2 male birds, is supplied to each individual who is selected to carry on the work. In addition to experimental or demonstration work, the operator is required to sell at least 15 settings of eggs at not more than SI per setting. At the end of the year the flock becomes the property of the man in charge. This work has proved very valuable in supplying suitable foundation stock in new districts. Egg-laying Competition. — Forty pens of poultry, consisting of six birds each, are included in this competition. Not only are records kept of the number and weight of eggs produced by each pen, but, in addition, valuable information has been secured regarding the cost of production and the relative value of various foods. Silos.— The building of the first silo in a district is supervised and silo-filling demonstrations conducted. Two small silo-filling outfits have been used. The results have exceeded the most optimistic expectations. There are now 500 silos in the Province, as compared with ten when the work started. Boys' and Girls' Clubs. — Boys' and Girls' Clubs have been organized in various parts of the province. Under the auspices of these clubs, competitions are conducted in poultry raising, potato growing, grain growing, pig raising, and calf raising. Seed Fairs. — Two Provincial Seed Fairs, one at Armstrong and the other at New Westminster, were conducted, while assistance was given to a number of local Seed Fairs. These Fairs are for the purpose of encouraging the planting of better seed, and to stimulate the home production of such seed. Clover Huller. — To carry out the policy of encouraging the production of better seed, a clover huller was jDurchased and operated by the Department for educational purposes. Drainage. — -For the purpose of giving instruction in regard to the value of drainage, two ditching machines have been purchased and operated on experi- mental and demonstration work. Field Crop Competitions. — Under the auspices of the Farmers' Institutes a number of competitions in the growing of staple field crops were conducted. In this work, however, most of the prize-money was provided from Provincial funds. WRICl LTl R I /, / \ STRl CTIO \ ACT 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c Cow Testing Associations. — A small amount of money was used to give assistance to various cow-testing associations, which now are four in number. Demonstration Stations. — -Demonstration stations, varying in size from one to twenty acres, are located at Armstrong, Chilliwack, Rosehill, Edgewood, Grand Forks, Rock Creek, Courtenay, Errington, Pitt Meadows, Fort George, Aldermere, and North Nechaco. A number of these plots are used as seed production centres, in addition to demonstrating methods of cultivation and the growing of crops. The three plots located along the line of the Grand Trunk Pacific are proving very valuable in crop and variety tests. Coast Markets Commissioner. — Office and travelling expenses in connection with the Coast Markets Commissioner's work, together with salary of Mr. R. C. Abbott, Commissioner, and his stenographer, were paid from the grant. This office is very largely devoted to the study of coast marketing conditions for British Columbia products, especially fruit, vegetable and poultry products. A weekly report is issued from the period June to December. There is an extensive correspondence with British Columbia producers in connection with the finding of markets for their products. Information is given on marketing conditions; and reports are made on the quality of the products. In addition to these duties, Mr. Abbott has been Inspector in charge of Potato Exports and, in this connection, has inspected and issued certificates on potato shipments of the Province. In conjunction with the inspection work, he carried on actively a campaign to develop outside markets for potatoes and has done a very great deal to raise the standard of commercial shipments. Total expenditures for this work amounted, roughly, to $2,700. District Horticulturist in Grand Forks. — The salary and expenses of Mr. E. C. Hunt, representing the Horticultural Branch in the Boundary district, with headquarters at Grand Forks, were paid from the grant, and totalled $1,706.03. The duties of this officer are very largely those of a district repre- sentative, except that he has official powers as an Inspector for the control of plant diseases and insect pests. Mr. Hunt has been largely engaged in the supervision of the control of Fire Blight; has conducted numerous Pruning Schools; has done a good deal of judging of horticultural exhibits at fairs; lecture work at Farmers' Institutes; has judged numerous crop competitions, and conducted general educational work for the advancement of fruit and vegetable growing. Assistant Horticulturist, Prince Rupert. — The salary and expenses of Mr. A. R. Neal, Acting Assistant Horticulturist, Prince Rupert, were paid, total- ling $2,908.63. Mr. Neal's duties include the supervision of the Experimental Plots at Terrace, Lawn Hill and Bella Coola, lecturing at farmers' meetings, and farm-to-farm instruction visits. His work relates more particularly to field crops than to fruits and vegetables. Pathological Laboratory, Vernon — ~- The work of this Laboratory has been continued, it being devoted to investigation and advisory work on plant diseases and pests for the interior districts. Mr. M. H. Ruhmann's salary and expenses, totalling $1,400, have been paid from the grant. A great deal of Mr. Ruhmann's work and time is devoted to Codling Moth investigation work, in co-operation with the local staff of the Dominion Entomologist. Terrace Experimental Plot — The 5-acre Experimental Plot at Terrace, in the Similkameen district, has been continued for the year at an expense of, approximately, $1,300. The variety tests of various cereals, fodder crops, vegetables and fruits, have been 62 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 19!S continued. An extensive report has been submitted. The plot has done a great deal to demonstrate the relative merits of the different crops and the varieties of each for that district. Lawn Hill Experimental Plot — The Experimental Plot at Lawn Hill, on the Queen Charlotte Islands, has been carried on during the year at a total cost of $735. The work is very similar to that at Terrace and is intended to serve the Queen Charlotte Islands. There are especial problems in this district in connection with muskeg lands, and the annual report on the Plot shows what is being done on a typical soil of the Islands. Bella Coola Experimental Plot — The Experimental Plot at Bella Coola has been operated during the year at a total expense of about $861. This plot is very similar to the Terrace Plot in its general methods. There is evidence that this plot has done a good deal to influence the agriculture of the district- Summerland Small Fruit and Vegetable Experiment Station — This Station at Summerland, with Mr. J. L. Hilborn in charge, has been continued, the cost for the year being SI, 000. An extensive report submitted to the Department showed in detail the results secured with the various tender vegetables and small fruits to which this station is devoted. As a result of this plot there has been a considerable development in fruit and vegetable growing in the district. Various Experimental Plots — A certain portion of the Telkwa Experimental Plot, operated under the direction of the Live Stock Branch, was planted out to fruit trees, the value of which for this district required testing. Similarly, on the Plot at Prince George, an experimental area was set aside for fruit trees of types likely to do well in the district. Hatzic Strawberry Plot — The work being carried on consists of testing varieties of strawberries on a commercial basis. Shipping tests were continued and valuable information was gained. Agricultural Journal — This journal is the official organ of the Department of Agriculture, and is educational in its object. The material is supplied by members of the Depart- ment's staff, officials of the Provincial University, Dominion officials and by prominent farmers. No advertising is carried on and the cost is provided by the grant. Agricultural Education in British Columbia. During 1916, two additional District Supervisors of School Agriculture were appointed, making three in all. The new appointees were J. E. Britton, B.S.A, for Upper Okanagan, and E. L. Small, B.S.A. for the lower Fraser. The Supervisors' duties include instruction in Agriculture in the high schools and in the high school extension classes, together with supervision of rural science work in the public schools tributary to high schools where Agriculture is being A.OBICX LTl RAL INSTRl < TION ACT 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c taught. Regular visits are made to the public schools, and the supervision thus given is leading to much better work in nature study and school gardening. Regular high school agricultural classes were conducted at the high schools at Chilliwack, Vernon, Armstrong, Murrayville and Cloverdale. The number of students was 120 in 1916. Great interest was shown in the work and encouraging progress was made. Four high school extension classes were held in three districts during the winter months. Owing to the fact that the majority of the young men from these districts are on active service, the classes were thrown open to men gener- ally. The average attendance was 36. The Supervisors provide their own motor cars, but receive a monthly allowance from the school board. During the year, school gardening was carried on systematically in 145 schools and home gardening in 25 schools. The movement towards the improve- ment of school grounds, inaugurated two years ago, has made considerable progress, sixty school grounds have already been included under the scheme. For reasons connected with the province's finances, the Summer School for Teachers, held in 1914 and 1915, was omitted in 1916. Early in the year a general appeal was made to teachers and pupils of public and high schools to join in the Food Production campaign. The Director of Elementary Agricultural Education, Mr. J. W. Gibson, reports that the response was excellent and demonstrated the ability and enterprise as well as the unfailing loyalty of the boys and girls of the province. " To have done ever so little in this practical way to help the nation in the supreme hour of her trial will stand to the credit of all young Canadians in future years, and will remain to them and to their children's children a thing of blessed memory.." Officers Provided by the Grant. (A) Officers, regularly employed, whose salaries are paid wholly from the Agricul- tural Instruction grant. J. W. Gibson, M.A., Director Elementary Agricultural Education, Victoria. J. C. Readey, B.S.A., District Supervisor Agricultural Education, Chilliwack. E. L. Small, B.S.A., District Supervisor Agricultural Instruction, Cloverdale. J. E. Britton, B.S.A., District Supervisor Agricultural Instruction, Armstrong. Abbott, R. C, Coast Markets Commissioner, Vancouver. Brookland, E., Caretaker, Dry Farming Station, Quilchena. Elliott, W., 105 Mile Dry Farming Station, 105 Mile, B.C. Fahrni, W., Mechanical Expert, Victoria. Ferris, J., Silo Operator, Victoria. Hay, Geo. C, B.S.A., District Agriculturist, Telkwa. Hunt, E. C, Assistant Horticulturist, Grand Forks. Lawson, F. M., Stenographer, for Coast Markets Commissioner, Vancouver. McLennan, Roy, Editor, Publications Branch, Victoria. Philips, E. L., Stenographer for Acct., Dept. of Agriculture, Victoria. Ruhman, M. H., Asst. Plant Pathologist, Vernon. Stroyan, W. H., Caretaker, Egglaying contest, Victoria. (B) Officers, regularly employed, whose salaries are paid partly from the Agricul- tural Instruction grant. Bekker, B., Caretaker, Errington Demonstration Plot, Errington. Clarke, N., Cow-tester, Chilliwack. Mansell, R. K., Cow-tester, Cloverdale. Thornberry, G. H., Cow-tester, Courtenav. Tucker, F. W., Cow-tester, New Westminster. 64 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 < pq - c = pg i—i CO o O CO « Eh Z w s H < Eh 02 a X a* rr us a CO as I~ CI 00 CO CO — ^" CO CM oc «o CM '. i 00 5 ■* o> m -r ~f r. © ao SS O 0> o o OS © 35 O 00 c © a x CO "<* *C CM 0B ■* s. © C> co cm -r U0 o — 2 o o © o © © o o o © © "O o © o o o © c o © © 5 o O I<1 Q CO C l- CM CO t-» cT I ~ ii0 co CO — i — ' c a _ a jy .4, St.- S 0 -3 c -S ° O B £ * I § |« ? ffi X - £ » * > % % d ^< 5 <° e n « S J) .2 10 c S !■ : - s a - =•- i_ • £~ |G 2? -2_ » c » w"3 St ^ •— O U . 3 « - : - o o § ^ 5 C ^ u o 2 8 Q-C8 PU*a St M.2 S 5 '5 St 0 AGR1CI LTl l\ \L IXSTIU CTION iCT 05 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c BRITISH COLUMBIA. 1. INSTRUCTORS AND INSPECTORS. $ cts. $ eta. Balance April 1, 1917 * 2,024 28 Grant, 1916-17 19,000 00 Refund for cattle 976 75 Expended March 31, 1917 20,164 04 Balance forward 1,836 99 22,001 03 22,001 03 Salaries and Expenses — E. C. Hunt, Assistant Horticulturist 1,699 78 R. C. Abbott, Coast Markets Commissioner : 2,750 29 M. H. Ruhmann, Assistant Plant Pathologist 1,378 19 A. R. Neale, Assistant Horticulturist 2,505 89 J. H. McCulloch, District Agriculturist 2,504 05 W. E. Hogan, Soils and Crops 2,411 70 G. C. Hay, District Agriculturist -. '. 2, 104 .31 W. H. Stroyan, Caretaker, egg-laying contest 825 00 R. J. Ferris, Silo Operator 1,234 91 B. Bekker 360 00 H. C. Bunt 474 65 W. Gibson 164 45 Sundry persons 399 92 Incidentals... . > 30 90 Cow-testers 1,320 00 20,164 04 2. DEMONSTRATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL PLOTS. Balance April 1, 1916.. . Grant, 1916-17 Expended Mar. 31, 1917 Balance forward $ cts. $ cts. 3,786 23 16,000 00 12,461 69 7,324 54 19,786 23 19,786 23 Demonstration Plots , 1,614 38 Demonstration Farm, rental 150 00 Demonstration Farm, labour, etc 604 74 754 74 Wages, (pay sheets), October and November 274 52 Wages — miscellaneous service 275 90 2 pure bred heifers 218 44 Drainage, materials, etc 392 55 Silo Demonstrations 654 32 Poultry for stations 1, 172 55 Egg-laying contest 1 , 100 23 Prizes for Egg-laying contest 370 00 Poultry Building repairs • 39 90 Milk testing -. 285 63 Seed grain purchase 837 89 Incidentals 350 32 Freight, threshing machine ! 75 75 Equipment — Clover huller 1,738 55 Grain separator 141 75 Grader and ditcher 329 40 Seed cleaner 17 62 Miscellaneous equipment 15 00 2,242 32 Cost of Production bonuses 195 00 Crop competition Prizes 1 , 450 00 Seed Fairs — Prizes 462 00 Grants (two) 100 00 Expenses 114 17 676 17 15c— 5 GG DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Salaries and Expenses. $ cts. S. F. Dunlop 160 51 B. Bekker 85 28 J. H. McCullock, District Agriculturist 25 50 W. Gibson 359 05 R. H. Martin 1,010 37 S. Milne 300 00 H. C. Brant ' 18 65 J. E. Millington 42 00 G. C. Hay, District Agriculturist 300 67 W. Elliott 285 00 E. Brookland 285 00 15,852 74 Refund Account. $ cts. Eggs, Boys' and Girls* Clubs 331 32 Eggs sold 991 20 1,322 52 Sale of Crops from plots 314 98 Sale of Seed grain 175 45 Field competitions 1,500 00 Miscellaneous 78 00 3,390 95 Net expenditure 12,461 69 3. DEMONSTRATIONS IN HORTICULTURE. S cts. $ cts. Balance, April 1, 1917 1,934 36 Grant, 1916-17 7,000 00 Expenditure, Mar. 31, 1917 3,950 61 Balance forward < . . . 4, 983 75 8,934 36 8,934 36 Salaries and wages 2,786 61 Travelling expenses 306 74 3,093 35 Materials, supplies, rentals 578 60 Equipment. 180 21 Trees for Experimental plots 125 23 3,977 39 Less sale of produce 26 78 3,950 61 4. PRINTING AND PREPARING BULLETINS. $ cts. $ cts. Balance, April 1, 1917 1,880 81 Grant, 1916-17 5,000 00 Expended, Mar. 31, 1917 2,429 51 Balance forward 4,451 30 6,880 81 6,880 81 Salaries and wages 1,001 66 Supplies, materials, etc 14 48' Printing 1,742 83 2,758 97 Less subscriptions to Agricultural Journal 329 46 2,429 51 AQRIOl l. l URAL l\ STRl < Tl<>\ A01 07 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c 6. MISCELLANEOUS. $ cts. $ eta. Balance, April 1, 1917 0 42 Grant 1916-17 '. . . 1,732 50 Expenditure, Mar. 31, 1917 808 09 Balance forward 924 83 1,732 92 1,732 92 Salaries and wages 217 58 Travelling expenses 222 10 Prizes, Boys' and Girls' Poultry, Pig and Potato Competitions 253 00 Grant, Farmers' Institutes 25 50 Supplies and materials 115 70 833 88 Refund, seed grain i 25 79 808 09 Department of Education. $ cts! Agricultural Instruction in High Schools, with district supervision at five centres 5,163 13 Grants to Public-school teachers of Rural Science 3,408 00 Salary, travelling and office expenses of Director of Elementary Agricultural Education 4,319 84 Special school courses in fruit packing 869 18 Expenditures for seeds, etc. in connection with home gardens 239 85 Grants towards expenditures made by School Boards in operating school gardens 1,000 00 15,000 00 Comparative Statement of Expenditure of Provincial Funds for Agricultural Purposes for the Years 1913, 1914 and 1915 and Appropriations for 1916 and 1917. Service. 1913 to March 31. 1914 to March 31. 1915 to March 31. 1916 to March 31. 1916-17 to March 31 (Esti- mated). 1917-18 to March 31 (Esti- mated). Salaries — Agricultural Branch, Dept. of Finance and Agriculture Agricultural associations Board of Horticulture Grants of various associations $ cts. 37,851 78 88,823 65 2,556 65 4,633 42 250 00 3,062 51 30,160 87 % cts. 53,755 12 67,311 11 1,078 25 2,717 68 250 00 2,999 55 19,340 31 24,985 50 $ cts. 67,288 62 41,041 45 217 70 1,278 04 250 00 2,096 46 $ cts. 62,919 70 16,709 33 318 85 $ cts. 73,496 00 30,000 00 500 00 2,500 00 250 00 2,500 00 S cts. 65,752 00 20,000 00 500 00 1 5,750 00 Department of Agriculture 1,757 85 2,564 78 Grants to students; Compensation for Cattle; Services and expenses, outside; Miscellaneous, weed suppression 104,021 88 77,336 31 7,322 92 36,649 76 67,000 00 58,000 00 Fruit Work- Fruit cooling and storage Fruit exhibitions Fruit packing schools Inspection nursery stock Fruit growers' associations 871 01 43,110 28 4,567 49 11,681 58 4,211 42 18,071 23 58,577 05 4,640 01 2,934 64 3,100 00 ) 2,992 51 36,059 28 4,043 15 41,216 74 J 6,251 66 2,242 13 17,575 75 |68,335 25 43,750 00 33,500 00 Farmers' institutes and importation of pure bred stock in 1913 Women's institutes 5,704 60 4,993 85 1,879 91 4,000 00 18,108 45 20,000 00 7,500 00 2,500 00 15,000 00 7,500 00 Poultry Association Grant 3,870 86 4,000 00 5,213 60 Poultrv shows * 2,000 00 Totals 318, 103 59 290,789 60 303,107 26 233,898 34 249,996 00 208,002 00 15c— 5^ G8 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 NOVA SCOTIA. AGREEMENT 1916-17. $ cts. $ cts. 1. Agricultural College and Agricultural Schools: — (a) Capital expenditure to pay interest and sinking fund for cost of construc- tion of and furnishing for Science Building 7,500 00 (6) Salaries and maintenance 23,000 00 V 30,500 00 2. Instructors, Directors, Superintendents and District representatives — salaries and expenses ■ 7, 500 00 3. Instruction and Demonstration: — Dairying : 3,500 00 Poultry 1,600 00 Beekeeping 800 00 Soils (including drainage and field crops) 3,000 00 Horticultural and entomological instruction and investigation 8,000 00 Fruit growing 1 , 000 00 . Short courses 3,000 00 20,900 00 4. Women's work (Women's Institutes, Homemakers' Clubs, Domestic Science, etc.) 3,000 00 5. Bulletins, reports, circulars and miscellaneous printing 800 00 6. Instruction in Public and High Schools and in Normal Schools in Agri- culture. Nature Study, Training of Teachers and School Gardens 11,000 00 7. Contingencies and miscellaneous 1,159 28 Total 74,859 28 District Representatives. In six out of eighteen counties, District Representatives have been employed for part or all of the year, and to some extent the work has been carried into a few other counties. The Demonstration work performed by them included the operation of the clover huller purchased in 1915. This machine threshed 14,000 lb. of clover during 1916. Two years previous, no clover seed was being pro- duced in the province. Four grain separators were purchased and sent to parts of the province where farmers did not own separators and had not access to them. These machines enabled the District Representatives to complete the instruction given in seed selection. In the Cape Breton counties a further effort was made to encourage the growdng of turnips on account of the importance of the crop in relation to the feeding of live stock in that section. Other forms of work included demonstrations with improved seed — potato, oat, wheat and turnip— demonstra- tions with fertilizers, lime and marl, and demonstrations in the use of spraying machinery and in the dipping of sheep. Poultry Husbandry. Poultry meetings were held in many parts of the province. A successful demonstration was given in the preservation of eggs in silicate of soda on a large scale to encourage groups of farmers to co-operate in such an undertaking. The policy inaugurated three years ago of helping farmers to erect and conduct improved poultry houses was continued and two additional houses were built. A poultry convention was held at Truro, and a model poultry plant demonstrated at Sydney Exhibition. Some 400 settings of eggs were distributed to school children in connection with school fair work. « Bee-keeping. A provincial Apiarist was appointed to give instruction and promote the industry generally. Part of his time is devoted to Entomological work. IGRIGl M URAL I \ 82 Rl ' 1 1<>\ ACT 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c Soil Survey and Drainage. An assistant in soil physics was appointed in connection with the general soil survey now being made. Already valuable information has been secured which will form the basis for future recommendations as to methods of soil cultivation and fertilization. All the men connected with the work having enlisted, practically no drainage work was carried out. Entomological Work. Two orchards badly infected with the " green apple bug," a newly dis- covered insect pest, were taken over for demonstration. Hundreds of farmers inspected the work. Similar work was done with the " apple maggot." Bulletins were issued relating to these insects. Short Courses. All the expenses of the Short Courses held at Bridgewater, Lawrencetown, Yarmouth and Musquodoboit were paid by the grant. A short course was provided at the Agricultural College for farmers living in the outlying counties and each person attending was allowed $10.00 to assist in meeting expenses. Women's Institutes. Five Institutes were organized during the year, bringing the total up to 49. A two weeks' Short Course for women was held at the Agricultural College, and a one week's course at Lawrencetown. An annual convention is also held at the College. An attractive exhibit in which every phase of the work was presented, including " old time " industries, was made at the provincial exhibition. School Agriculture. As a result of the gardening propaganda, home gardening in particular has been very much extended. It is planned to use the school children in a campaign for greater production and to increase the quantity of seed distributed. One hundred and ninety-five teachers attended the Rural Science School, Truro. Officers receiving Remuneration from the Federal Grant. (a) Persons, regularly employed, whose salaries are paid wholly from the Agricul- tural Instruction Grant. County Representative, H. McPherson, Antigonish County. " " H. S. Cunninham, Cape Breton Counties. " " H. B. Langille, Cape Breton and Richmond County. " " T. C. Munn, Inverness County. " " A. B. MacDonald, Guysboro County. " " Father J. E. Robitaille, Isle Madam, Richmond Co. Entomological Field Work Superintendent, H. G. Payne, Department of Agri- culture, Truro. Assistant Provincial Entomologist, C. A. Good, Truro (now Captain in Expe- ditionarj' Force and not on salary). Soil Analyst, J. G. Archibald, Department of Agriculture, Truro. Women's Institute Superintendent, Miss Jennie A. Fraser, New Glasgow. Director Rural Science Education, L. A. DeWolfe, Truro. Dean Rural Science School, C. L. Moore, Halifax. Fruit and Vegetable Growing Instructor, W. N. Byers, Truro. F. B. Kinsman, Truro. 70 DEPARTMENT OF A (1R1 CULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 (b) Persons receiving part salary jrom Federal grant. Dairy Superintendent, W. A. MacKay, Department of Agriculture, Truro. Stenographer to Dairy Superintendent, Truro. Accountant, C. R. B. Bryan, Truro. Professor of Agriculture, J. M. Trueman, Agricultural College, Truro. Professor of Horticulture, P. J. Shaw, Agricultural College, Truro. " Zoology, W. H. Brittain,Agricultural College, Truro. " Botany, H. W. Smith, Agricultural College, Truro. " Chemistry, L. C. Harlow, Agricultural College, Truro. " " J. M. Scott, Normal College, Truro. " Physics, J. A. Benoit, Normal College, Truro. " Manual Training, F. G. Mathews, Normal College, Truro. Principal Truro Academy, E. C. Allen. (The above nine persons give special instruction at the Summer Rural Science school). Entomological Inspector, J, P. Spittal, Department of Agriculture, Truro. " " W. W. Whitehead, Department of Agriculture, Truro " " L. G. Saunders, Truro. " " C. F. U. Whitman, Department of Agriculture, Truro. " " W. Delong, Truro, Department of Agriculture. AQBIOl LTI i: \ I. I \ si in ry/o.v 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c NOVA SCOTIA. Grant of 1916-17. Summary Statement, April 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917. No Classification. Grant. Balances, April 1 , 1916. Total Credits. Expendi- ture. Credit Balance. $ cts. $ cts. S cts. $ cts. $ cts. 7,500 00 3,673 01 11,173 01 8,678 74 2,494 27 23,000 00 23,000 00 22,868 93 131 07 7,500 00 20 12 7,520 12 6,653 61 866 51 3,500 00 0 59 3,500 59 3,040 10 460 49 1,600 00 66 50 1,666 50 1,262 13 404 37 800 00 26 87 826 87 777 49 49 38 3,000 00 6 70 3,006 70 2,428 67 578 03 8,000 00 8,000 00 7,998 66 1 34 1,000 00 225 75 1,225 75 1,225 57 0 18 3,000 00 56 04 3,056 04 2,795 49 260 55 3,000 00 1,350 41 4,350 41 3,513 36 837 05 800 00 0 28 800 28 800 28 11,000 00 972 41 11,972 41 9,634 42 2,337 99 1,159 28 8 72 1,168 00 965 53 202 47 74,859 28 6,407 40 81,266 68 72,642 98 8,623 60 Agricultural Colleges and Schools, $30,500.00— (a) Capital expenditure (b) Salaries and maintenance Instructors, Directors, etc Instruction and Demonstration, $20,900.00— (a) Dairying (b) Poultry.. (c) Bee-keeping (d) Soils (drainage and field crops). . . (e) Horticultural and Entomological Investigation (f) Fruit-growing (g) Short courses Women's work Bulletins and miscellaneous printing. . . . Agricultural Instruction in School Contingencies and miscellaneous 1. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS, (a) Interest and Sinking Fund, Science Building. S cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 7,500 00 Balance, April 1, 1916 3,673 01 Expended, Mar. 31, 1917 8,678 74 Balance forward 2 , 494 2 7 11,173 01 11,173 01 Eastern Trust Company, interest 6,680 26 Payment on loan 1,998 48 S8.678 74 (b) Salaries and Maintenance. Grant, 1916-17 ; $23,000 00 Expended, Mar. 31, 1917 $22,868 93 Balance forward 131 07 $23,000 00 $23,000 00 The Agricultural College expenditure is not presented in detail. The grant was expended for additional men and services at the college. The public ac- counts of the province show that $23,000 . 00 more was expended on the college and farm for 1915-16 than for 1912-13. 72 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 2. DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES. $ cts. | cts. Grant, 1916-17 7,500 00 Balance, April, 1916 20 12 Expended, March 31, 1917 6,653 61 Balance forward 866 51 7,520 12 7,520 12 Salaries and Expenses. Salary. Expense. H. S. Cunninham, Cape Breton 450 00 531 97 H. B. Langille, Assistant, Cape Breton 471 15 642 85 T. C. Munn, Assistant, Cape Breton 225 00 372 80 H. McPherson, Antigonish 1,083 33 217 90 A. B. McDonald, Guysboro 326 92 704 31 Rev. J. E. Robitaille, Richmond 230 00 353 10 2,786 40 2,822 93 2,786 40 5,609 33 Equipment. Grain separators, spraying machines, bicycle, etc 207 15 Supplies and repairs 752 34 Incidentals 38 39 Prizes , 46 40 $6,653 61 3. INSTRUCTION AND DEMONSTRATION. (a) Dairying. S cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 3,500 00 Balance, April 1 , 1916. . . : 0 59 Expended, Mar. 31, 1917 3,040 10 Balance forward 460 49 3,500 59 3,500 59 W. A. McKay, salary (one-half) 666 66 " expenses 841 27 Assistants, services and expenses : 1 , 097 27 Advertising and printing 49 75 Supplies and incidentals 176 45 Expenses, delegates Dairy Convention 58 70 Dairy competition, awards 150 00 $3,040 10 Assistants were engaged in extending co-operative dairying, either address- ing a series of meetings or attending dairy conventions. 4. WOMEN'S INSTITUTES. $ cts. % cts. Grant, 1916-17 3,000 00 Balance, April 1, 1916 1,350 41 Expended 3,513 36 Balance 837 05 $4,350 41 $4,350 41 Miss Jennie A. Fraser, salary $683.35, expenses $367.86 1,051 20 Assistants and lecturers, services and expenses 1,313 38 Printing and advertising 339 80 Supplies and incidentals 69 51 Equipment 104 47 Badge pins (to be refunded) 270 00 Grants (45) : 245 00 Instructors' board 120 00 $3,513 36 ACR1VI l.'l'l UAL I\STL'I CTWN ACT 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c 5. — BULLETINS A^JD PRINTING. $ Cts. $ Ct8. Grant, 1916-17 800 00 Balance, April 1, 1916 0 28 Expended, March 31, 1917 800 28 800 28 800 28 Fruit Growers Association reports 300 00 Entomological Society Reports 372 95 Dairy Bulletin 20 00 Leaflets 49 75 Incidentals 57 58 800 28 6.— RURAL SCIENCE SCHOOLS. S cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 11,000 00 Balance, April 1, 1916 972 41 Expended, March 31, 1917 9,634 42 Balance forward 2,337 99 11,972 41 11,972 41 L. A. DeWolfe, Director Rural Science — Salary 2,166 69 Expenses 329 83 2,496 52 C. L. Moore, Principal Rural Science School, salary 1,000 00 Dora M. Baker, stenographer, salary 405 00 Eight instructors 820 00 4,721 52 Schools for seed plants, eggs and exhibition prizes 605 03 Equipment 318 41 Books and Stationery 257 27 Printing 80 85 Teacher grants 2,237 50 Students' bonuses 710 00 Students' travelling expenses 461 80 Miscellaneous 242 04 9,634 42 (6) Poultry. Grant, 1916-17 1,600 00 Balance, April 1, 1916 66 50 Expended, March 31, 1917 1,262 13 Balance forward 404 37 1,666 50 1,666 50 J. P. Landry, Superintendent, expenses 657 18 Material demonstration house, equipment 281 60 Eggs supplied to schools 190 83 Supplies and incidentals 84 09 Poultry Convention expenses 48 43 1,262 13 (c) Bee-Keeping. Grant, 1916-17 800 00 Balance, April 1, 1916 26 87 Expended, March 31, 1917 777 49 Balance forward 49 38 826 87 826 87 C. B. Gooderham: salary, $529.88; expenses, $202.84 732 72 Equipment 34 27 Printing and advertising 10 50 777 49 74 i>i;i>.\in ui:\T of agriculture 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 (d) Soil, Drainage, Field Crops. $ cts. $ 'cts. Grant, 1916-17 3,000 00 Balance, April 1, 1916 6 70 Expended, March 31, 1917 2,428 67 Balance forward 578 03 3,006 70 3,006 70 L. C. Harlow, chemist, services, $100; expenses, $96.54 196 54 J. G. Archibald, assistant: salary, $833.30; expenses, $6.50 839 80 Sundry persons, services and expenses 502 51 1,538 85 ' Equipment 52 50 Supplies and incidentals 737 32 Halifax Agricultural Society, Ragwort Campaign 100 00 2,428 67 Demonstrations in the use of ground limestone have been conducted in various parts of the province. Chemists devoted their time to soil survey work. The item for services and expenses includes judges of Field Crop Com- petitions. (e) Horticultural and Entomological Investigation. $ cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 8,000 00 Expended, March 31, 1917 7,998 66 Balance forward 1 34 8,000 00 8,000 00 W. H. Brittain, entomologist, expenses 564 14 C. A. Good, assistant: salary, $365; expenses, $31.45 396 45 C. B. Gooderham, assistant, salary 166 66 H. G. Payne, chief inspector: salary, $1,166.62; expenses, $592.70 1,759 32 Salaries and expenses, eleven inspectors 4,068 37 6,954 94 Rent of Field Laboratories in fruit counties 60 00 Equipment, motor-cycle 338 60 Supplies for spraying demonstrations and incidentals 645 12 7,998 66 (/) Fruit Growing. $ cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 1,000 00 Balances, April 1, 1916 225 75 Expended, March 31, 1917 1,225 57 Balance forward 0 18 1,225 75 1,225 75 Salary and Expenses — P. J. Shaw, expense 47 44 F. B. Kinsman: expenses, $321.48; salary, $208.35 529 83 Wm. Byers, expenses, $270.22; salary, $165.38 435 60 1,012 87 Supplies and incidentals 212 70 1,225 57 (g) Short Courses. $ cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 3,000 00 Balance, April, 1916 56 04 Expended, March 31, 1917 2,795 49 Balance forward 260 55 3,056 04 3,056 04 IGRIOl LTl RAL INSTRUCTION ACT 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c (g) Short Courses — Concluded. • % cts. J. A. Sinclair, V.S.: services, $200; expenses, $34.45 234 45 L. H. Trueman: services, $65; expenses, $92.02 157 02 Printing and advertising 59 75 Supplies and incidentals 165 27 Delegates expenses 539 00 1,155 49 ' Demonstration Buildings — Grant Bridgewater Building 800 00 Repairs Antigonish Building 240 00 Grant Lawrencetown Building 600 00 2,795 49 7. — C'ONTIN'GEN'CIES. $ cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 1,159 28 Balance, April 1, 1916 8 72 Expended, March 31, 1917 965 53 Balance forward 202 47 1,168 00 1,168 00 W. M. Blair, services 240 00 C. R. B. Bryan, services as accountant 300 00 Postage 80 00 Picton County Survey 100 00 Electro-types 234 43 Incidentals 11 10 965 53 Comparative Statement of Expenditure of Provincial Funds for Agricultural purposes for the Years 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, and estimated for 1917. Service. 1913 to Sept. 30. 1914 to Sept, 30. 1915 to Sept. 30. 1916 to Sept. 30. General Agriculture— Department salaries and expenses Assistance in dairying Entomological inspection Drainage Exhibitions Field crop competitions Live stock improvement Meetings Model orchards Printing and advertising Miscellaneous Fruit growers and county associations. Stallion enrolment Assistance to poultry Advertising fruit in Great Britain Agricultural college College farm Agricultural societies Total.... Revenue. 7,672 926 16 3,582 27 1,534 01 12,457 84 870 18 898 5 621 84 983 31 134 35 397 06 1,032 84 75 100 35 cts. 5,449 1,257 34 2,744 15 903 19 18,222 13 939 18 cts 14,415 64 1,849 69 2,938 06 400 93 10,484 08 936 0 14,747 58 1,783 87 3,910 31 12 39 5,540 17 1,022 71 69 77 832 15 306 81 228 20 1, 150 00 518 91 565 13 19,607 25 14,317 41 13,282 32 22.000 00 14,000 00 15, 787 05 78,502 50 9,498 41 84,973 78 6,677 26 69.004 09 78,296 52 406 50 596 45 212 60 448 45 1,200 00 142 23 423 20 18,300 0C 14, 700 00 14,710 76 89 40 500 01 490 92 616 58 1,450 00 240 9o 632 6.= 781 9f 19,000 00 15,000 00 14,490 00 82,164 66 10,018 82 84,309 95 9,539 75 72,145 84 74, 770 20 76 DEPART M EXT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 NEW BRUNSWICK AGREEMENT— 1916-17. $ cts. $ cts. 1. Agricultural Schools — (a) Capital expenditure 17,000 00 (6) Salaries and maintenance ; 4,000 00 21,000 00 2. Instructors, directors, superintendents and district representatives — salaries *<* and expenses 13,500 00 3. Instruction and Demonstration — (a) Bee-keeping 500 00 (6) Soils and drainage 4, 000 00 (c) Horticulture 1,500 00 (d) Short courses 1,500 00 7,500 00 4. Women's work , 3, 500 00 5. Bulletins, reports, circulars and miscellaneous printing , 500 00 6. Instruction in Public, High and Normal Schools in Agriculture, Nature Study and Domestic Science, Training of Teachers and School Gardens 12,000 00 7. Contingencies and miscellaneous 1,209 60 Total 59,209 60 Demonstration Work. Practical demonstrations were carried on during the year in soil drainage, cultivation, and crop production, limestone pulverizing, the home-mixing of commercial fertilizers and the operation of a clover huller. The traction ditcher operated chiefly in the counties of Carleton and Kings, digging 1,626 rods of ditch. The limestone pulverizer operated in Charlotte and Carleton counties. Instruction in the mixing and application of fertilizers was given at a number of agricultural society gatherings, and also formed a part of the short course programme at Sussex, Woodstock, and Bathurst. The clover huller, purchased and operated, did much towards demonstrating the value to farmers of red clover and the production of seed. In addition to the short courses already mentioned, a four-day general course was given at the Dairy School at Ste. Hilaire. Standing crop competitions were conducted in ten counties. Seven seed fairs were held, including Provincial Seed Exhibition at Fredericton and six county fairs. Horticulture. The work of the Horticultural Division includes the supervision of demon- stration orchards, instruction in pruning, spraying, etc., and the holding of short courses. As in previous years, the examining of orchards and orchard sites and the giving of instruction to operators in orchard management consti- tuted a large portion of the work. A course in apple-packing, lasting for four days, was held in February at Fredericton. Fifty students attended. Lectures were given on insect and fungous enemies and their control, and many growers were convinced of the necessity for using power spraying outfits. Women's Institutes. At the present time there are 92 Women's Institutes in the province. During the winter months two ten-day courses in home economics were held at each of the Agricultural Schools. One hundred and fifty-six registered for the four courses. AGRIOl LTURAL INSTRl CTIOW ACT 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c Twenty-two institutes made creditable displays of canned and preserved fruits and vegetables at the New Brunswick Apple Exhibition held in St. John. This year a tour will be made of the province, giving demonstrations in canning and lectures on food economics. An institute convention is held annually. The entire outlay for Women's Institute work, including an annual grant of five dollars to each institute qualifying, is met by the grant. Elementary Agriculture. The Director of Elementary Agricultural Education reports an increase of over one thousand in the number of pupils receiving instruction in elementary agriculture during the year. The number of home plots was nearly doubled, being 727 as against 378 in the year previous. Other home project work was also undertaken, chiefly in connection with poultry, a subject that lends itself to general adoption by pupils of both sexes. The number of eggs distributed was large. Twelve school fairs were held in the autumn of 1916, with encouraging results. Summer schools of rural science for teachers were again held at Sussex and Woodstock, with an enrolment of 81 at the former place and 42 at the latter. A teachers' winter course was held in January at the same points, with an attendance of 63 at Woodstock and 58 at Sussex. The publication of the " Rural Education Monthly " was begun by the Division in June, to be a medium of communication between teachers and the department, and to educate public opinion as to the importance of the school in the satisfactory solution of rural problems. Officers Provided by Dominion Grant. Horticulturist, A. G. Turney, B.S.A., Fredericton. Dairy Superintendent, C. W. McDougall, Sussex. Poultry Superintendent, Seth Jones, Sussex. Entomologist, William Mcintosh, St. John. Director Elementary Agricultural Education, R. P. Steeves, M.A., Sussex. Assistant Director Elementary Agricultural Education, F. A. Dixon, Sussex Superintendent Agricultural Societies, M.A. McLeod. Livestock Instructor, Thomas Hetherington, B.S.A. Instructor in Soils and Crops, O. C. Hicks, B.S.A. Instructor in Drainage, John Woods. Assistant in Livestock, William Kerr. Supervisor of Women's Institutes, Hazel E. Winter, Fredericton. Instructor in Household Science, Ada B. Saunders, Fredericton. District Representative, A. C. Belliveau, Richibucto, (Kent County). District Representative, E. M. Taylor, Gagetown, (Sunbury and Queens Counties) . 78 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 NEW BRUNSWICK. Grant of 1916-17. Summary Statement, April 1, 1916 to March 31, 1917. Balances April 1, 1916. Grant. Total Credits. Expenditure. 1. Agricultural Schools — (a) Capital (6) Salaries and maintenance 2. Instructors, directors, etc 3. ' Instruction and Demonstration — $ cts. (a) Bee-keeping 500 00 (6) Soils and drainage 4,000 00 (c) Horticulture 1,500 00 (<£) Short courses 1,500 00 4. Women's institutes? 5. Bulletins and printing 6. Agricultural instruction in schools 7. Contingencies and miscellaneous cts. 1,347 66 593 86 159 32 1,154 26 1,218 68 4,473 78 17,000 00 4,000 00 13,500 00 21,000 00 $ cts. 18,635 51 14,847 66 14,847 66 7,500 00 3,500 00 500 00 12,000 00 1,209 60 59,209 60 7,500 00 4,093 86 659 32 13,154 26 2,428 28 63,683 38 7,500 00 3,810 91 659 32 1 1 , 406 06 2,002 40 58,861 86 1. AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS. * S cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17— Capital 17,000 00 Salaries and maintenance 4,000 00 Balance April 1, 1916 15,234 79 Expended to Mar. 31, 1917: Capital 971 62 Salaries and maintenance 2,429 10 Balance forward * 2 , 364 49 21,000 00 21,000 00 Cajrital — Equipment 124 92 Pasteurizer. 807 50 Buildings account 39 20 971 62 Salaries and maintenance — Salaries, janitors, Sussex and Woodstock 1,000 00 Insurance, Woodstock 435 00 Maintenance and supplies, Sussex and Woodstock 994 10 2,429 10 2. INSTRUCTORS, DIRECTORS, Etc. $ cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 13,500 00 Balance, April 1, 1916 1,347 66 Expended, March 31, 1917 14,847 66 14,847 66 14,847 66 1 d l> I CULTURAL INSTRUCTION ACT 70 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c 2. INSTRUCTORS' DIRECTORS, Etc.— Concluded. Salaries. Expenses. $ cts. $ cts. A. G. Turnev, Horticulturist. . . 1,800 00 408 41 C. W. McDougall, Dairy Superintendent 1,500 00 626 41 N. W. Eveleigh 1,400 00 602 70 Seth Jones, Poultry Supt 1,200 00 37.5 66 H. B. Durost, Fertilizers and Bee-keeping 1,241 66 558 50 J. E. DeGrace, Supt. Agricultural Societies 1,120 84 773 19 Win. Mcintosh, Entomologist 600 00 92 20 O. C. Hicks, Instructor, Soils and crops 699 16 426 55 J. W. Mitchell, Supt. Live Stock and Dairying 1,166 66 476 62 R. P. Gorham, Assist. Horticulturist 21 45 Incidentals 11 22 10,728 32 4,372 91 Total 15,101 23 Less amount transferred to (5) Bulletins and Piinting 253 57 14,847 66 3. INSTRUCTION AND DEMONSTRATION. $ cts. $ cts. Grant 1916-17 7,500 00 Balance April 1, 1916 629 69 Expended, March 31, 1917 6,870 31 7,500 00 7,500 00 (a) Bee-keeping. Supplies and Incidentals 31 11 (6) Soils and Drainage. Equipment. . Clover Huller and Power 1 , 350 00 Services and Expenses: $ cts. D. H. Cronkhite, foreman, limestone pulverizer 898 38 J. Woods foreman ditcher 559 21 W. B. Dickinson, foreman huller 106 21 Engineers (two) 524 41 Jas. Brenner, surveyor 150 50 2,238 71 Supplies, repairs, transport and incidentals , .' 1,994 54 5,583 25 Less Refunds 1,157 81 (c) Horticulture. 4 demonstrators, services and expenses 1,949 32 Students railway fares to apple-packing school 62 25 (d) Short Course Work. Services and expenses sundry persons 243 95 Advertising, printing, postage 617 06 Supplies and incidentals 156 55 4,425 44 2,011 57 1,017 56 Total 7,485 68 Less amount transferred to (5) Bulletins and Printing 337 75 Less amount transferred to (7) Miscellaneous 277 62 615 37 6,870 31 30 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 4. WOMEN'S INSTITUTES. $ cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 3,500 00 Balance April 1, 1916 593 86 Expended, Mar. 31, 1917 3,810 91 Carried forward 282 95 4,093 86 4,093 86 Supervisor and Assistant Lecturers, etc., salaries and expenses 2,256 46 Printing and advertising, hand books, programmes, etc : 329 68 Books and periodicals 196 53 Supplies and incidentals 422 23 Short Course and Convention prizes 95 00 Railwav fares, allowance for 93 60 Grants to 74 Institutes 380 00 W. I. Pins 96 60 3,870 10 Refunds 59 19 3,810 91 Grant, 1916-17 Balance, April 1, 1916 Expended, March 31, 1917 5. BULLETIN AND PRINTIxr,. S cts. $ cts. 500 00 159 32 659 32 659 32 659 32 Lime Bulletin 56 00 Fertilizer leaflet 12 00 68 00 To transfer from (2) Instructors, Directors, etc 253 57 To transfer from (3) Instructions and Demonstration 337 75 659 32 6. INSTRUCTION IN PUBLIC, HIGH AND NORMAL SCHOOLS, ETC. § cts $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 12,000 00 Balance, April 1, 1916 1,154 26 Expended, March 31, 1917 11,406 06 Balance forward 1 , 748 20 13,154 26 13,1.54 26 Salaries and Expenses — R. P. Steeves, Director 2,399 03 A. M. McDermot, Assistant 531 30 Victor B. Robinson, Assistant 1,115 93 Instructors and others 1,287 65 5,333 91 Railway fares and bonuses to teachers, Short Course and Rural Science School.. 1,060 20 Grants for school gardens 4,279 18 Prizes, school fairs 52 90 Equipment ' 86 80 Printing Rural Monthly, etc > 115 97 Supplies and incidentals 638 79 11,567 75 Less refunds 161 69 11,406 06 AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION ACT 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c 7. MISCELLANEOUS. _ $ cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 1,209 60 Balance, April 1, 1916 1,218 68 Expended, Mar. 31, 1917 2,002 40 Balance forward ' 425 88 2,428 28 2,428 28 Salanes, Stenographers 899 50 Equipment 428 19 Refunded railway fares to Agricultural Students 337 65 Incidentals 59 44 I 724 78 To amount transferred from (3) Instruction and Demonstration 277 62 2,002 40 Comparative Statement of Expenditure of Provincial Funds for Agricultural Purposes for the Years 1913, 1914, 1915 and 1916 and Appropriations for 1917. Service. 1913 to October 31. 1914 to October 31. 1915 to October 31. 1916 to October 31. 1917 to October 31 Appro- priations. Salaries and Expenses, Department Agricultural Societies Live Stock Industries Dairy School $ cts. 6,499 68 16,867 66 4,092 28 950 45 537 03 1,048 96 4, 155 67 750 00 • 1,984 94 1,809 44 309 59 999 51 $ cts. 7,019 06 17,444 83 3,039 53 3,611 78 4,067 99 1,999 37 $ cts. 7,945 44 17,000 00 ) 6,477 85 $ cts. 9,914 76 17,000 00 5,830 96 $ cts. 9,558 00 18,000 00 7,200 00 Farmers' Institute 738 05 1,997 26 285 42 1,499 32 600 00 2,500 00 Crop Competitions, Seed Fairs Brown Tail Moth, etc Bonus Mud Dredges 980 08 2,082 77 355 00 4,481 93 1,000 00 1,245 57 3,398 16 1,944 11 3,754 45 519 90 600 00 1,895 00 1,417 52 4,878 71 1,389 81 3,370 79 2,000 00 4,400 00 2, 125 00 2,912 00 500 00 Bonus Clover Hullers 275 40 2,500 00 500 00 3,000 00 Bonus to Wheat Mills Total 40,005 21 46,082 34 47,515 79 48,362 69 53,295 00 15c— (i 82 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND AGREEMENT, 1916-17. $ cts. 1. Capital Account 500 00 2. Director of Agricultural Instruction and Instructors — Salaries and expenses 10,300 00 3. Instruction and Demonstration (including Short Courses) — Live Stock, Poultry, Beekeep- ing, Horticulture, Fruit-growing and Soils 3,000 00 4. Women's Work (Women's Institutes) 3,200 00 5. Agricultural Instruction in Public and High Schools 12,000 00 6. Office assistance 1,200 00 7. Miscellaneous and contingencies 243 75 Total... 30,443 75 Dairying. Early in the year steps were taken to bring about an improvement in the dairy industry. A provincial conference of butter and cheese makers was held. The recommendation of this conference for the appointment of an instructor to work among factories was acceded to. A graduate of the Guelph Dairy School was also employed to instruct patrons in the handling and care of milk. Following the recommendation of the conference, a Dairy School was provided at Truro College, Nova Scotia, by the co-operation of the departments of agriculture of the three Maritime Provinces. A number of makers from the island availed themselves of the courses. To promote the introduction of oats, peas and vetches as a substitute ensilage crop for corn, a demonstration field of six acres was grown, and the crop ensiled and fed with satisfactory results. Drainage. Open-ditch work was undertaken in one section to serve as a model for other districts contemplating such work. Drainage surveys were made for upwards of twenty farmers throughout the province. The manufacture of tile is now being conducted on the island as a result of the efforts of those in charge of drainage demonstrations. Wool and Lamb Marketing. In co-operation with the Dominion Department of Agriculture, two grading centres for wool were established, and a second co-operative wool sale was held. Thirteen organizations of farmers sold their lambs by tender. Continuing the plan adopted in 1915, a second carload of pure bred' rams was purchased and resold to the farmers at cost. An increase of 12^ lbs. in the average weight of lambs has resulted from the first purchase. Short Courses. During the winter months, a series of short courses similar to those of last year was conducted. The courses were of one week's duration, and were held at points not visited previously. Eighty-one meetings were held at nine points, with an average attendance of 66. AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION ACT 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c Women's Institutes: There are at present 43 Women's Institutes in the province. Further organization work has been suspended on account of the war. The usual series of lectures and demonstrations in Home Economics was held. The short course in Household Science at Charlottetown was attended by 126 women and girls from the rural sections. School Agriculture. The equipment of the Rural Science department at Prince of Wales College has now been completed, and teachers are given a course of special training to enable them to teach elementary agriculture. The number in attendance was 272. At the time of holding the Summer School, a Rural Life Conference was conducted, lasting two days. The attendance varied from 200 to 450.- Four school fairs were held during 1916, and plans are being made for the extension of the work over a wider field. A survey was made by school children to ascertain the number of sheep kept on the island. Much interest was stim- ulated among the children and valuable training resulted. Officers Provided by the Dominion Grant. Director of Agricultural Instruction, W. J. Reid, B.S.A. District Representative, Queens County, W. R. Shaw, B.S.A. " " Prince County, Leslie Tennant, B.S.A. Director of Rural Science Department, Prince of Wales College, J. E. McLarty, B.S.A. Director of Agricultural Instruction in Public Schools, Wm. Cain. " " " Walter Curtis. D. S. Fraser, " " " L. A. Adams. Accountant, Miss A. W. Newbery. 2 Stenographers. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. Grant of 1916-17. Summary Statement, April 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917. Classification. Balance April 1, 1916. Grant. Ex- penditure. Capital account _ Instructors, directors, superintendents and representatives Instruction and demonstration Women's Institutes Elementary Agricultural Instruction in Public and High Schools Office assistance Contingencies $ cts. 258 07 89 47 3 01 17 63 368 18 % cts. 500 00 10,300 00 3,000 00 3,200 00 12,000 00 1,200 00 243 75 30,443 75 $ cts. 470 30 10,300 00 3,258 07 3,289 17 12,003 01 1,217 63 242 " 30,781 06 84 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 1. — CAPITAL ACCOUNT. $ cts. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 500 00 Expended to March 31, 1917 470 30 Balance forward 29 70 500 00 500 00 Fencing — labour and materials 172 01 Furnishing and equipment 79 40 Ditcher and grader .' 103 82 Shearing machine • 11 57 Miscellaneous expense 103 50 470 30 The materials, labour, furnishings and equipment charged were incurred in connection with the new office at Montague. The fencing was erected at Prince of Wales College in connection with the Rural Science department. 2— INSTRUCTORS, DIRECTORS AND DISTRICT REPRESENTATIVES. $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 10,300 00 Salaries and Expenses — J. L. Tennant 1,865 46 W. J. Reid 2,091 54 W. R. Reek 2,595 84 Theo. Ross ' 125 00 M. H. Coughlin 1,376 70 Walter Shaw 1,279 59 F. T. Morrow 83 34 J. E. McLarty 250 00 Miscellaneous travelling . • 359 05 Supplies and incidentals 273 48- 10,300 00 3— INSTRUCTION AND DEMONSTRATION. S cts. . $ cts . Grant, 1916-17 3,000 00 Balance forward, April 1, 1916 258 07 Expenses to March 31, 1917 3,258 07 3,258 07 3,258 07 Services and Expenses- J. T.Morrow 1,162 31 J. M. Hughes 501 00 R. B. Hooper 44 90 J. R. McLean 50 00 P. C. Gauthier 25 00 B. Gallant, dairy instructor 77 75 A. McRae 12 00 W. R. Reek, travelling 146 44 Sundry travelling 367 25 Supplies and incidentals 361 20 Printing and advertising 60 37 Rural Conference expenses 77 55 Investigation expense 98 00 Rent, Summerside office 180 00 Insurance on buildings 94 30 3,258 07 AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION ACT B5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 15c 4— WOM E N'S 1 NSTIT UTES. ? cifl, $ cts. Grant, 1916-17 3,200 00 Balance, April 1, 11)10 89 47 Expended ■ B - c o i - g .2 t I I c — B Date. Ins. Ins. Ins. Ins. 48-37 19-58 28-79 33-97 60- 0 26 - 30 3 6109 31-56 29-53 46-32 79-5 19 220 2 1-90 1-90 5 1-25 7 71-66 40-75 30-91 56-20 840 29 28-9 5 1-98 1-98 9 1-25 4 71-20 43-66 27-53 57-42 87-5 1 33-2 24 404 4-04 13 1-50 14 69 57 37-70 31-81 53-60 82-9 13 24- 0 31 0-42 0-42 4 019 7 60-50 31-87 28-63 46-18 77-5 18 22-9 23 1-56 1-56 5 105 10 43 04 20-85 22-19 31-94 66-0 10 8-9 31 0-83 1-50 0-98 4 0-75 13 1 23-61 - 1-62 25-23 10-99 47-9 17 -230 12 2-75 0-27 4 010 2 1-3-24 -26-00 22-76 -14-62 18-9 4 -550 11 800 0-79 5 0-25 11 -4-80 -30-64 26 16 -17-56 42- 0 8 -600 31 4-50 0-44 7 010 10 1-23 -24-97 26-20 -11-87 29-5 15 -71-0 1 200 0-20 2 015 15 25-48 -11-64 37-13 6-92 41-9 28 -39-0 2 16-50 1-65 3 0-80 30 10-73 35-25 14-23 61 EX PI' RIM EX TA L FA RMS 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Some Weather Observations taken at Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, as com- pared with those taken at Fort Vermilion. Peace River District, Alberta. Moan Tem- perature. Highest 1 Tem- perature. Lowest Tem- perature. Total Precipi- 1 tation . | Heaviest in 24 hours. i Total hours sunshine. A verage sunshine per day. April. ° 0 Ins. Ins. Hrs. Ottawa 43-25 73-4 18-0 2-70 0-77 1760 5-86 33-97 60- 0 -3-0 247-0 8-23 May. 54 00 81-8 330 6-89 2-99 209-7 6-76 46 32 79-5 22- 0 1-90 1-25 275-7 8-89 June. Ottawa 62-30 82-5 410 4-24 0-89 194-2 6-47 56-20 84-0 28-9 1-98 1-25 367-9 12-26 July. Ottawa 74-72 100-3 520 1-50 0-77 312-7 10- 08 Fort Vermilion 57-42 87-5 33-2 4-04 1-50 280-3 904 August. Ottawa Fort Vermilion 70-25 53-60 97-8 82-9 440 24 0 1-73 0-42 0-45 0-19 275-6 318-9 8-89 10-28 September. 58-83 830 360 315 0-89 159-2 5-30 46-18 77-5 22-9 1-56 105 195-9 6-53 October. Ottawa 45-78 76-8 23-6 2-92 0-62 166-2 5-36 31-94 66- 0 8-9 0-98 0-75 111-9 3-60 Novcjnber. 31 12 62-4 -20 1-78 0-45 1111 3-70 Fort Vermilion 10-99 47-9 -230 0-27 010 62-9 209 Decrrnber. Ottawa 16-62 460 -20-0 2-47 0-85 860 2-77 Fort Vermilion -14-62 18-9 -550 0-79 0-25 56-9 1-83 January. Ottawa 10-90 330 -20-2 405 0-77 76-8 2-47 Fort Vermilion -17-56 420 -60- 0 0-44 0-10 89-5 2-88 February. 6-24 370 -25 2 1-94 0-42 133-7 4-77 Fort Vermilion -11-87 29-5 -710 0-20 015 10S-6 3-87 March. 24-13 50-4 - 30 3-79 110 173-8 5-60 Fort Vermilion 6-92 41-9 -39 0 1-65 0-80 1 1660 5-35 1 1G— 2 18 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 13!8 Record of Sunshine at Fort Vermilion, Peace River District, Alberta, from April 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917. Month3. Number Number of days of days Total Average with without hours Sunshine Sunshine. Sunshine. Sunshine. per day. 28 2 247 0 8-23 29 2 275-7 8-89 29 1 307-9 12-26 29 2 280-3 904 31 0 318-9 10-28 25 5 195-9 6-53 20 ' 11 111-9 3-60 18 12 62-9 209 16 15 56 9 1-83 22 9 89-5 2-88 21 7 108-6 3-87 27 4 166-0 5-35 April May June July August. . . . September October. . . November December. January . . . February. . March EXPERIMENTS AT GROUARD, ALBERTA. Snow had disappeared from the cultivated land by April 15, and prospects were bright for early seeding. The work was interrupted, however, by wet weather, and seeding was not completed until May i By the 18th all grains were up and growing well in spite of rather cold weather. On June 1, there wa3 a heavy frost, and several farmers had to resow their grains. The weather throughout the month was cool and dry. There was an abundant rainfall on July 4 and 5, the weather became warmer, and the remainder of the season was favourable to growth, although with some quite cold nights. On August 10, frost affected the grain slightly in certain districts, but not on the Substation. Cereals. — Three varieties of oats, two of barley, three of wheat, and one of peas were sown on May 1 in one-twentieth acre plots. The peas were destroyed by frost on August 10. The following results were obtained: — Oats— Daubeney. . Banner Ligowo .... Barley — Manchurian Success. . . . Wheat- Prelude Marquis... Huron Date of Maturity. Days Maturing. Yield per acre. bush. lb. Aug. 18 Sept. 2 Sept. 2 110 125 125 38 8 57 2 51 6 Aug. 26 Aug. 8 118 100 29 28 21 32 Aug. 15 Sept. 1 Sept. 10 107 124 124 19 20 24 20 25 20 EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Vegetable Garden. — Six varieties of cabbage and two of cauliflower were 3own in the hotbed April 12, and transplanted1 June 5 and 6. Ready for u bC K 0 Q 0D q 03 p Rainfall. Snowfall. Total Procipitat ion. - . T3-J c 3 •-'E 11 Heaviest in 24 hours. o o3 p Ins. Ins. Ins. Ins. 51-46 29-30 22- 16 40-38 620 13&25 210 15 0-086 0 036 2 0-85 28 60-46 35-83 24-62 48 14 730 27 240 23 0 215 0-215 4 0-25 19 70 05 44-51 25-53 57-27 82-0 17 25-0 0-455 0-455 5 0 34 19 66-77 44-58 22 19 55-67 790 1 & 2 340 25 5-90 5-90 10 2-62 33 68-16 43-16 25-00 55 ■ 66 83-5 27 270 10 0-47 0-47 3 0-50 30 60-44 37-86 22-58 49-15 77-5 17 270 13 0-52 0-52 4 0-20 26 51-50 30-74 20-75 41-11 710 10 170 1 0-36 200 0-56 4 0-27 15 35 08 17-68 17-40 28-36 510 15 — 12-5 11 100 0-1 3 0 10 22 15- 18 -3-4.5 18-63 5-86 39 0 15 -36-5 26 15 00 1-50 6 0-40 10 11-85 -7-43 19-29 2-21 45 0 7 -52- 0 30 25-00 2-50 9 0-60 25 & 26 15 -40 -6-25 21-71 4-60 47-0 15 -46- 0 1 0-2 800 10 5 0-30 1 31-82 10-90 20-91 21-35 40-5 17 - 10 14 9-50 0-95 6 0-30 13 & 29 9-61 61-50jl5-76 61 Note. — Temperatures were not recorded on June 9, September 16. and December 2, there- fore the mean temperature for June and September is for twenty-nine days only, and for December it is for thirty days only. EXPERIMENTS AT FORTS SMITH, RESOLUTION AND PROVIDENCE. FORT SMITH. The experimental work was carried on partly at Fort Smith and partly at St. Bruno, about 20 miles distant. Speaking generally, the season of 1916 was a favourable one, especially for vege- tables. The spring opened early, and snow had disappeared by the end of April, and the land was ready for sowing by May 8-12. Three varieties of carrots, four of onions, five of turnips, three of beets, and four of mangels were grown; also one variety of cabbage and two of tomatoes. Five varieties of potatoes were tested. Timely rains throughout the growing season, with a fair amount of warm weather, resulted in good yields of most garden crops. Tomatoes grew to good size, but did not mature, however, owing to lack of really hot weather. Potatoes were an excellent crop, Early Rose, Rochester Rose, and St. Albert Red (a local sort) giving the best returns. Twelve acres of oats were sown at St. Bruno, and 2 acres at Fort Smith. In the former locality the growth was very rapid but heavy rains, at the time of heading out, destroyed the crop. At Fort Smith, where the oats had been sown earlier, the rain did no damage, and a good crop was obtained. At the St. Bruno farm a herd of some seventy head of cattle is maintained during the summer. A pure-bred bull has been sent in to head this herd. EXl'EIilMEM AL FAIiM H 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 FORT RESOLUTION. The season of 1910 was not so favourable as the two preceding years. Spring was late in opening, cold weather continuing until the middle of May. Work on the land commenced May 13. A period of dry, cold weather followed seeding up to June 10, and from then on hot weather, with no rainfall, prevailed until July 3. Under these conditions, germination was very slow, and it was nut until after an abundant rainfall on July 17 and 18 that growth was general and vigorous. This was too late to allow many crop? to mature before the first frosts of autumn. Severe damage was done to the cereal crops by field mice. These appeared in myriads during the first half of September and, it is estimated, destroyed nine-tenths of the grain crops. Three varieties of oats were tested, two of wheat, and two of- barley. All these were promising a good yield when practically destroyed by the mice. Early potatoes yielded a fair crop. Growth was delayed by drought, so that the tops Avere still green at the time of the first frost, September 10. Four varieties were tested. Roots. — These were kept back by drought, and the yield was only average. Mice injured the turnips considerably. Carrots were almost a failure, owing to drought. The yield of prairie hay was not very heavy. At present the mission has six oxen, a bull, and four cows. Garden crops gave very light yields, owing to drought in the early part of the season. The young fruit trees made fair growth, but did not fruit. Flowers bloomed fairly well. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, 1917. Month. Maximum Minimum Rainfall. Depth of snow. January. . . February. . March April May June July August. . . . September October. . . -15-8 - 8-3 -14-3 37-4 54-5 65-5 69-3 64-5 57-4 34-7 •20- 1 •19-5 -19-4 17-3 31-7 41- 4 49 42- 5 37 23-4 Ins. 0-21 0- 28 1- 87 113 0-2S Ins. 5 10 5 00 FORT PROVIDENCE. The mission farm at this fort is situated on the right bank of the Mackenzie River, some 40 miles from Great Slave Lake. The farm dates from 1865, although then it consisted merely of a small garden before a little cabin built to accommodate two people. Two years later, in 18C7, the Grey Nuns of Montreal arrived to found a convent. They brought some cattle with them, the land under cultivation was increased, and has grown steadily since. The area under field crops is now over 160 acres, while about 19 J acres is devoted to vegetables, fruits, and flowers. Among vegetables, cabbage, cauliflower, turnips, beets, onions, carrots, radish, rhubarb, and peas, generally succeed well. In fruits, strawberries, currants, and raspberries are grown. In flowers, there is a profusion of bloom from about the end of May on, from field lilies, violets, roses, poppies, and stocks. 22 DEP1RTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 In 1916, potatoes were planted, May 18, 19, and 20. The earlier varieties came into use August 10. The yield of all sorts was an average one. Other garden crops promised excellent yields, but early in June, vast numbers of grasshoppers appeared, the ground near the buildings being completely covered with them. At first they devoured the tender grass only, but soon invaded the gardens and ate everything except the potatoes and lettuce. They also cut down the young wheat, but it grew up again and gave a rather light yield. The sample, however, was excellent. EXPERIMENTAL WORE AT SALMOX ARM, B.C. The growing season, and in fact the whole year, in this district was an abnormal one. The rainfall during the growing season was very light, and the summer very cool. The winter temperature showed a great range and, as a result, serious winter damage was done to many orchards where clean cultivation had been followed until late autumn, as this kept the trees growing until winter set in and, as a result, the wood was not sufficiently matured to withstand extreme temperatures. In the orchards on Mr. Thos. A. Sharp's farm, where the experimental work is being carried on, cultivation ceased in July, the trees suffered very little winter injury, and a very good crop was gathered in 1916. Several varieties of apple fruited for the first time, and some of these seem promising. Of the present well- known commercial varieties, the Duchess, Yellow Transparent, Wealthy, Macintosh Red, Grimes, and Jonathan appear to be the most satisfactory in the Salmon Arm district. In pears, the Dr. Jules Guyot produced a fair crop of very fine fruit. The Greengage and Washington plums did well, and are popular varieties for the market. Of cherries, the Morello and Duke seem to be the only varieties hardy enough for the district. Peach trees, some of which had borne a small crop in previous years, were killed back to the snow-line in the winter of 1915-16. Grapevines were also killed back, but made new growth during the summer, and may fruit in 1917. Raspberries and currants fruited well. Blackberries were killed back. A supply of home-grown carrot seed, gathered in 1915, was tested last season in comparison with commercial seed of the same variety. The results were strongly in favour of the home-grown seed, which germinated better, and produced more vigorous plants. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 METEOROLOGICAL RECORD, 1910-17. 23 1916. April May June July August September October November December 1917 January February March Date of highest Tempera- ture. 26 3 17 30 13 1 16 22 23 8 16 17-23-29 Degree. 68 77 94 87 9:f 88 75 56 40 38 50 46 Date of Lowest Tempera- ture. 22 10 5-10 25 18 30 3 11 30 23 1 Degree. Rainfall. Snowfall. -31 -16 - 4 Ins. 25 0-70 28 109 37 1-90 41 2-87 39 100 23 0-32 20 019 8 1-07 11 9-20 Ins. 5 22* 36| 20 15* 991 DIVISION OF CHEMISTRY. REPORT OF THE DOMINION CHEMIST, FRANK T. SHUTT, M.A., D.Sc. Correspondence and Publicity. — The correspondence from farmers, dealing with matters relating to the economic improvement of soils, the use of manure and fertilizers, the nutritive value of feeding stuffs, forage crops, etc., has very considerably- increased in volume during the past year and has been satisfactorily dealt with, and, as far as may have been possible, the samples of an agricultural nature (over 2,200) submitted by fanners have been examined and reported on. The campaign for greater production has also been assisted by the writing of special articles and bulletins. Samples received for Examination and Report during the twelve months ending March 31, 1917. British Columbia. A ■S u o Saskatchewan. Manitoba. Ontario. Quebec. New Brunswick. Nova Scotia. Prince Edward Island. Total. Soils 52 5 7 45 942 13 1 34 12 35 212 851 776 199 60 12 54 43 35 10 18 7 5 7 25 12 1,142 50 141 396 851 861 295 Muds, mucks, and marls 4 Manures and fertilizers 1 21 1 21 Forage plants and fodders 5 30 Miscellaneous, including War Office supplies, dairy products, fungi- cides, etc • 11 8 11 13 3 19 2 2 41 22 8 14 8 7 1 11 3,736 24 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Meat Inspection Work. — The work in the examination of packing-house products submitted for analysis by the Meat Inspection Division. Health of Animals Branch, bas increased. Over 800 samples in this connection have been analysed and reported on. Their classification may be given as follows: — Nature of Sample. Number received. Lards, tallows, oils 36 Preserved meats, sausages, mince meats 76 Colouring and dye stuffs. . . «_ S4 Preservatives 101 Pickling solutions 21 Spices and condiments 42 Evaporated apples and waste 4 62 Miscellaneous 29 B51 Agricultural Meteorological Research. — Progress has been made in the investiga- tion dealing with the influence of seasonal conditions on crop growth. This research, now extended through the co-operation of the Meteorological Service, gives promise of results of wide-reaching importance to Canadian agriculture. Soils from Irrigation Tracts in Alberta. — The examination of typical soils from tracts in southern Alberta about to be placed under irrigation has been proceeded with, 225 samples being submitted to analysis. This work was undertaken with a view to assisting the Department of the Interior in its reclassification of the areas involved into irrigable and non-irrigable lands. Insecticides and Fungicides. — Analyses of a number of insecticides and fungicides have been made, and their indicated value recorded. Fertilizing Value of Bain and Snow. — The fertilizing value of rain and snow has been determined throughout the year. This concludes the first decade's work in the investigation. The yearly average for the ten-year period shows that 6-583 pounds of nitrogen per acre, available for crop growth, have been furnished from this source. Feeding Stuffs and Forage Crops. — Much valuable work has been accomplished by analytical determinations of the composition and relative nutritive value of a large number of mill feeds and forage crops. Directly or indirectly, prices of milling and industrial by-products of feeding value have reached figures hitherto unknown in the Dominion, and there is no immediate prospect of their reduction. Further, while many of the well-known feeds have been kept up to their standard quality, there have appeared on the market not a few that are exceedingly poor — some practically worth- less, and these are sold at prices little, if anything, below those of feeds far superior in nutritive value. Under these conditions the economical purchasing of concentrates has become a problem of no small importance, one that it well repays to study closely, and especially will this be true on farms requiring large amounts of bought feed. More than ever before, the farmer must study not merely the relative prices of the various feeds upon the market, but also their composition, especially as to their per- centages of protein, fat, and fibre. Price is not invariably and inevitably an indica- tion of nutritive value. This we have repeatedly shown, and the farmer must endea- vour to correlate price with composition before making his selection. If in this he needs assistance, we shall be glad to advise, provided he can furnish the necessary information as to prices and the quality of the feeds he has under consideration. The by-products used as feeds find their value, chiefly: first in their protein con- tent and. secondly, in their percentage of fat or oil. A low percentage of fibre enhances their nutritive value. /. XPERIMENTAL FARMS 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Brans and Shorts. — During the year, examinations were made of samples taken from brans and shorts used in the feeding experiments at the Central Experimental Farm by the Division of Animal Husbandry. These sample- fairly represent those products as milled and sold by several of the larger milling companies of Canada. Bran. — In the brans, protein, the most valuable of the nutrients, ranged from 13-23 per cent to 15-58 per cent, with an average of 14-42 per cent. The average from a series of Canadian brans, analysed by us in 1903, was 14-52 per cent. In fat the members of the series differ from one another merely in fractions of one per cent, the average being 4-74 per cent. In fibre, recent samples show more variation than usual, the range being 7-91 per cent as a minimum and 11-19 per cent as a maximum, with an average of 9-80 per cent. The average for the 1908 samples was slightly higher, 10-40 per cent. The Commercial Feeding Stuffs Act calls for the following standard for bran: protein not less than 14 per cent, fat not less than 3 per cent, and fibre not more than 10 per cent. Shorts. — As in 1903, we find the shorts slightly higher than bran in protein content. The limits of these examined during the year are 15-41 per cent and 16-14 per cent, with an average of 15-74 per cent. The average for the 1908 samples was 15.93 per cent. In fat, the samples now referred to vary from 3-16 per cent to 6-32 per cent, the average being 4-60 per cent, as compared with an average of 5-24 per cent of fat in the 1903 samples. The fibre-content of shorts should be considerably lower than that of bran. The average of the present samples is 6-47 per cent, decidedly higher than that found in 1903, which was 5-23 per cent. The standard quality fixed for shorts by the Commercial Feeding Stuffs Act reads : protein not less than 15 per cent, fat not less than 4 per cent, and fibre not more than 8 per cent. Miscellaneous Mill Feeds. — Of the mill feeds sent in by farmers, many were foi;;:d to be of exceedingly low nutritive value. Among such may be cited, particularly, laboratory numbers 27455 and 28738, which consisted essentially of fibrous oat hulls. Effect of Eust on Wheat Straw. — The feeding value of straw from wheat atfeeted with rust has been made the subject of an inquiry. The occurrence of rust in certain districts of Manitoba and Saskatchewan last season (1916) makes the results obtained of considerable importance at this time. Briefly, the data indicated that rust tends to arrest the development of the wheat plant, inducing a premature ripening of the plant and resulting in a straw of presumably greater feeding value than that of normally matured wheat and in a much shrivelled grain slightly higher in protein than the larger, plumper grain from rust-free wheat. The deduction as to the superior feeding quality of the rusted straw was made from the analysis based on its higher percentage of protein and its lower fibre-content, as compared with rust-free straw. It is worthy of note that several farmers reported that straw, more or less rusted, was eaten by cattle with avidity, and that it was taken in preference to fully mature rust-free straw. It, however, should be added that cattle entirely refuse straw that is very seriously affected with rust. Eelative Value of Field Eoots. — The investigations regarding the feeding value of field roots — mangels, turnips and carrots — and the quality of sugar beets for factory purposes, as grown on the several Farms and Stations of the system, have been continued. Yield and keeping quality are usually the two factors chiefly considered by the farmer in making his selection of varieties, and rightly so; but our investigation, 2G DEPARTMENT OF AGRIC'l'LTf'RF 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 carried cm since 190-4, has conclusively shown that the several varieties offered fur sale — and especially so in the case of mangels — differ considerahly in their nutritive value. The nutritive value or feeding qualities of field root3 will be measured by their dry- matter content and the percentages of sugar in the dry matter. Since difference in these particulars may in certain cases amount to almost 100 per cent, it will be in the interest of the farmer to consult these records when deciding on the varieties to grow. Mangels. — Unfortunately, the season of 1016 at Ottawa was most unfavourable for root culture. Owing to an exceedingly wet spring, sowing was very late, and the summer was exceptionally hot and dry. These conditions, coupled with the fact that the roots under experiment were sown on a muck soil which was ill suited to withstand this untoward season, resulted in very poor yields of small roots which, taking the series — twenty-six varieties — as a whole, are decidedly lower in dry matter and sugar than those previously examined at Ottawa. The variety, Giant Half Sugar White headed the list with 10-37 per cent of dry matter and 5-18 per cent of sugar, while at the bottom of the list appears the Svalof Red with but 6-21 per cent of dry matter and 0-92 per cent of sugar. Mangels, Source of Seed. — Very interesting data are furnished in this connec- tion, for they permit a comparison of the quality of mangels grown from Canadian seed produced on several of the Experimental Farms and Stations and from seed obtained in commerce, which was probably of United States or European origin. Three varieties of mangels are represented in the series, and the roots analysed were all grown on the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. In the case of Danish Sludstrup, seed from three Experimental Farms and Sta- tions— Agassiz, B.C. • Charlottetown, P.E.I. ; and Kentville, N.S. — and commercial seed was sown. In dry-matter content and sugar the roots from the Canadian-grown seed, in all three instances, have given higher results than those from commercial seed. It must be remarked, however, that the roots from the Kentville seed, though quite satisfactory as to dry matter, are markedly low in sugar, and that the Charlotte- town seed produced roots but slightly superior to those from the purchased seed. Seed of Mammoth Long Red was used from three sources — Charlottetown, Ottawa, and commercial. The roots from the Charlottetown and Ottawa seed are practically iden- tical as to composition, and approximately 2 per cent richer in dry matter than the mangels from the commercial seed. Similarly, the mangels from Canadian seed con- tain about twice as much sugar as those from the commercial. The sources of seed used for the Yellow Intermediate variety were the same as for the Mammoth Long Red. The differences in dry matter between the roots are not marked, yet, such as they are, favour the mangels from Canadian-grown seed. Of the three, the roots from the Charlottetown seed are decidedly the richer in sugar. It is very satisfactory to note that, throughout the series, the mangels from the Canadian-grown seed have proved superior to those from the commercial seed. Sugar Beets for Factory Purposes. — During the season of 1916 three varieties of sugar beets were grown on seventeen Experimental Farms and Stations of the system. This inquiry as to the suitability of soil and climatic conditions in the several provinces for the growth of sugar beets for factory purposes was begun in 1902, and the data so amassed increase in value with each year's results. The work to date has conclusively shown that beets of excellent quality for sugar extraction have been produced in the larger number of provinces, and we are thus in a position to state that in so far as the quality of the raw material — the sugar beet — is concerned, the further development of the beet sugar industry in Canada might be successfully prosecuted at many points. Hitherto, the seed used in this investigation has been procured from Messrs. Vilmorin, Andrieux et Cie., Paris, France, the noted breeders of sugar heets, the EXPERIMEX TA /, F. I B US 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 varieties being Vilmorin's Improved, Klein Wanzleben, and Tres Riclie. Owing to war conditions, however, we were unable to obtain a supply of seed from this firm for the season of 1910. This was most unfortunate, as thereby the continuity of the investigation was, in a certain measure, broken. We were, however, able to procure a supply of good, suitable seed through the courtesy of the Dominion Sugar Company, Walla ceburg, Ontario, though particulars as to the " breeding " of the seed and the names of the varieties supplied could not be furnished. The varieties used are desig- nated German, Italian and Ontario, by which it is intended simply to indicate that the three lots of seed were grown in Germany, Italy and Ontario, respectively. Pre- sumably, however, they are from varieties, the value of which for factory purposes has been well established, for the results give ample evidence of the high quality of the produce. According to the superintendents' notes, the season of 1916 has been unfavour- able for sugar-beet culture at a number of the Farms and Stations. Taken as a whole it has been a poor year from the climatic or seasonal standpoint; nevertheless, the data show the results to have been most satisfactory at a majority of the Farms and Stations. The average sugar content in juice of the beets at four of the seventeen localities was over 19 per cent; at six, between 13 and 19 per cent; at one, between 17 and 18 per cent; at two, between 14 and 16 per cent; and at two, between 12 and 14 per cent. In addition to the foregoing series, in which the beets were grown on the Dominion Experimental Farm? and Stations, a number of samples of sugar beets from farmers and others throughout the Dominion have been received and analysed. Well Waters from Farm Homesteads. — The analysis of well waters from farm homesteads continues an important branch of our work. It may be desirable to point out again that our work in this connection is. restricted to the examination of farm supplies and those of creameries and cheese fac- tories. Analysis cannot be undertaken of mineral waters, waters of alleged medicinal value, and the water supplies of cities and towns. Farmers desiring an analysis should apply to the Division for the instruction form which gives directions regarding the quantity of water required, the method of collection, shipment, etc. A large number of water samples are received every year, which it is quite impossible to submit to analysis owing to insufficient quantity, dirty containers, etc. Expense and disappointment will be obviated if the " instructions " are first obtained. No fee is charged for the analysis, but the express charges on the sample must be prepaid. In reporting the results to the sender of the sample, a full, detailed account is given of the nature of the pollution (where such has been found) and the possible means of purification. The Year's Work in Water Analysis. — Classifying our reports on these waters, we find that 14 per cent were pronounced as of first-class quality; 25 per cent as sus- picious and probably dangerous; 32 per cent as seriously polluted; and 19 per cent as too saline to be potable. Fertilizer Materials. — The continued and ever-increasing interest in the subject of liming and the application of ground limestone has led to the analysis of samples of limestone from many parts of the Dominion. These, for the most part, have been sent in by provincial agricultural authorities or associations of farmers about to install a crushing plant for the manufacture of ground limestone. Limestones are of variable composition, and since their value for the preparation of ground limestone depends on their percentage of lime, it becomes a matter of great importance to know the rich- ness of any particular outcrop or deposit before the work of grinding is undertaken. The carbonate of lime content of the samples examined during the year ranged from 23 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 52 18 to 97-75 per cent. Those containing over 90 per cent are considered of first quality. Marl is a naturally occurring carbonate of lime, -which, owing to its generally soft and friable nature when air-dried, can be readily prepared and easily and uniformly applied to the land. The work of the year has included the analysis of marl from deposits occurring in many parts of Canada. Samples that have been air-dried will, as a rule, contain from 50 to 75 per cent of carbonate of lime; those of superior quality may exceed 90 per cent. The scarcity of potash in the fertilizer markets has made the analysis of wood- ashes, and ashes from various industrial processes, of particular interest. Information has been furnished as to the fertilizing value of city garbage, ashes etc., and analysis made of several other by-products of a similar character considered of no importance agriculturally. As in previous years, the fertilizing value of a number of natural organic deposits, mucks, muds, etc., both of fresh and salt-water origin, has been determined. Many of these materials are useful amendments, while in others the plant-food constituents may be present in traces only. The use of air-dried peat and muck as an absorbent litter in the cow barn and piggery is extending. In this way much liquid manure is saved that would otherwise be lost, and the bulk or amount of manure available for application largely increased. INVESTIGATIONAL WORK WITH FERTILIZERS. The investigational work with fertilizers, under the immediate supervision of Mr. B. Leslie Emslie, C.D.A., F.C.S., has been considerably extended during the year, and is now carried on at nine of the Farms and Stations of the system. Experiment "A." — This experiment, designed to ascertain the most profitable quantity and proportional composition of a fertilizer as judged by its influence through- out a three-year rotation period, embraces forty-eight fertilized or manured plots. In the year 1915, experiment "A" was commenced on the Experimental Farms and Stations at Charlottetown, P.E.I., Kentville, K.S.. Fredericton, N.B., Cap Bouge, Que., and Agassiz, B.C.; and, in the year 1916, at Nappan, X.S., Leimoxville, Que., and Sidney, Vancouver Island, B.C. Experiment " B." — This is an accompaniment of experiment "A," and was intro- duced at the Farms and Stations already named. Its object is to ascertain the relative efficiency of nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia as sources of nitrogen, and of acid phosphate, basic slag, and bone meal as sources of phosphoric acid. Experiment " B " embraces fifteen plots variously fertilized. The duration of the test is a three- year rotation period. Seaweed-Fertilizer Experiment. — In order to ascertain the fertilizing value of dried, ground seaweed, prepared experimentally at Clarke's Harbour, X.S., during the summer of 1915, experiments with the material were conducted last season (1916) on the Farms and Stations at Charlottetown, P.E.I., Kentville, N.S., Nappan, N.S., Fredericton, N.B., Cap Rouge, Que., Lennoxville, Que., and Ottawa. In addition to these, a large number of co-operative experiments with the ground seaweed were con- ducted by farmers in the Maritime Provinces and Quebec. Whereas, in many instances, the results indicated no very appreciable influence of the seaweed fertilizer, in others — a large majority — the favourable effects were quite decided. The average results from over forty experiments reported showed that ground seaweed alone produced an appreciable increase, and, when supplemented with a phosphatic fertilizer, a quite notable increase over the yield from the unfertilized check plot. A plot with the phos- phatic fertilizer alone yielded similarly to that which received ground seaweed alone. EXPERIMENT A L FA BM 8 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Experiments with Lime and Ground Limestone. — At the Experimental Station, Kentville, N.S., remarkable evidence of the beneficial influence of ground limestone — on the growth of clover particularly — has been obtained. It was evident that the ground limestone permitted a more profitable use of the various fertilizers applied in conjunction therewith. At the Experimental Station, Cap Rouge, Que., an extensive and comprehensive experiment to ascertain the comparative influence of corresponding applications of burnt lime and ground limestone was commenced in the year 1916. The results from the first crop of the rotation have been recorded. At the Experimental Station, Fredericton, N.B., waste lime, consisting of a mixture of burnt lime, hydratcd lime and ground limestone (carbonate of lime) was employed in several experiments. Miscellaneous Experiments. — Especially noteworthy are the experiments with mar- ket garden crops, at Eredericton, N.B. These have been conducted annually since the year 1914, and each year furnishes accumulating evidence of the greater profits which may be expected from the use of 15 tons, per acre, of manure with suitable fertilizers than from that of 30 tons per acre of manure alone. An experiment designed to ascertain the comparative values of manure and clover in the maintenance of humus in the soil was commenced last year (1910) at Cap Rouge, Que. Experiments with dog-fish scrap, conducted throughout a three-year rotation period at the Experimental Stations of Kentville, N.S., and Fredericton, N.B., were concluded last year (191G). The data thus secured indicate the fish scrap to have been a valuable source of nitrogen — not greatly inferior in this respect to nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia. Other experiments, not less interesting than those singled out for special mention, are in progress. DIVISION OF FIELD HUSBANDRY. REPORT OF THE ASSISTANT DOMINION FIELD HUSBANDMAN. W. L. GRAHAM, B.S.A. The work of the Field Husbandry Division for the past year was conducted, along similar lines to those in former years, and included investigations in soil management, crop management and agricultural engineering. These investigations are being car- ried on at the several branch Experimental Farms and Stations and, in a limited way, at the Central Farm, Ottawa. "With regard to the latter the fact is again emphasized that suitable land is not available for carrying on various important experimental tests that should be included and conducted by this Division. Notwithstanding this handicap, the following data have been gathered during the season : — WEATHER CONDITIONS AXD CROP YIELDS. The season was most unfavourable for seeding operations. The weather was excessively wet, making work on the land tedious and discouraging. After repeated interruptions, seeding was completed out of season, some areas being sown two and even three times to secure a stand. However, growth was rapid, with prospects for a fair harvest. Hay grew luxuriantly, and a bumper crop of good quality resulted. Grain also did well but ripened prematurely, thus giving a low yield of inferior quality. Roots, forage com, and potatoes were only fair, but favourable harvest weather pre- vailed. Conditions for fall ploughing, which was completed in good season, were also satisfactory. 30 DEPART]! EXT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1913 Yield of Field Crops, Central Farm, 1910. Crop. Area. Total Yield. Average yield per acre. Acres. 33 39 39 33 3 Ton. lb. 411 1,045 Bush. lb. Ton. Ib. 12 941 Bush. lb. 44 14 41S 12 Oats 1,584 30 46 411 152 775 31 735 1 370 4 1,235 10 912 Hay 1,254 35 Cost of Production of Field Crops. — The following data of the cost of production of corn, oats, and hay have been obtained for the year 1916. These results, as well as those for rotations, are determined from fixed values used from year to year regard- less of fluctuations in labour and market prices : — ' Crop. Area. Yield per acre. Cost to Produce. Per acre. Per ton. Per bushel. Acres. 33 39 39 33 Tons. 12-46 Bush. $ cts. 27 44 15 98 15 98 19-97 $ c. 2 20 Cents. 27-3 44-4 1-19 4-62 3 22 4 32 Hay ROTATION OF CROPS. For various purposes, fifteen rotations are under way at this Farm. From these tests important conclusions have already been drawn, and the results now being obtained are providing valuable data. The rotations being conducted under regular farm conditions are as follows : — Botation "A" (five years' duration). — Hoed crop, manured; seeded down with clovers and grass; clover hay, top dressed with manure in autumn; timothy hay, field ploughed in August, top worked and ribbed up in October; grain, seeded down with red clover to be ploughed under the following spring, when the succeeding hoed crop is corn. Rotation " B" (five years' duration). — Hoed crop, manured; grain, seeded down with clovers and grass, seeds top-dressed with manure in autumn ; clover hay, ploughed in autumn; grain seeded down with clovers and grass; clover hay. Botation " C" (four years' duration). — Hoed crop, manured; grain seeded down with clover and grass; clover hay; timothy hay, field ploughed in August, top worked and ribbed up in October. Botation "D" (three years' duration). — Hoed crop, manured; grain, seeded down with clovers and grass; clover hay. EXPERIMENTAL FARM .< 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Soiling Crop Rotation " R" (three years' duration). — Corn for early fall feed. manured; peas and oats to cut green, seeded down with clovers and grass ; clover hay to cut green. The records for the past year from the rotations outl ined in the foreg oing are given herewith. Cost, Returns, and Net Profits or Losses of Rotations " . \," "B," U Q » li D." and "R," 1910. Cost to Value of Profit or Rotation. operate returns loss per acre. per acre. per acre. $ c. $ c. % c. 17 73 19 32 1 59 17 58 16 75 -0 83 17 69 17 16 -0 53 20 29 19 64 -0 65 18 73 24 66 5 93 CULTURAL INVESTIGATIONS. Shallow Ploughing and Subsoiling versus Deep Ploughing. — For this experiment two four-year rotations are used, differing only in the preparation of the sod areas, for roots or corn, as indicated in the foregoing heading. The results to date have failed to show any decided advantage in favour of either method. Commercial Fertilizer as a Part Substitute fo-r Barnyard Manure. — Four four- year rotations are used in this experiment, which is designed to supply information regarding the fertilizer merits of: — (1) No manure or fertilizers, but pastured one year in four. (2) Barnyard manure. (3) Complete commercial fertilizer. (4) Barnyard manure and commercial fertilizer. Again the results show a distinct advantage in using barnyard manure alone over commercial fertilizers alone for this soil, but indicate a possibility of combining the two when barnyard manure is scarce or high priced. DRAINAGE. In the autumn of 1916 the already efficient drainage system of the Farm was extended to drain rotation areas " B," " C," and " D." The main drain is completed, and laterals have been placed in those plots broken this season. It is purposed to drain the remaining areas of these rotations as the plots come under the plough. MISCELLANEOUS. During the year, besides attending to the duties of the Division, considerable time was devoted to field crop and fall fair judging. Also, ten weeks during the summer were taken up with agricultural land classification work for the Provincial Govern- ment of New Brunswick. 82 DEPARTMENT OF AUlilL L LTl'RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 DIVISION OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY. REPORT OF THE DOMINION ANIMAL HUSBANDMAN, E. S. ARCHIBALD, B.A., B.S.A. A very successful year may be reported for the live stock on the Central Experi- mental Earm. The conditions as to housing, feeding, and general management of the stock were excellent. The abundant supply of ensilage remaining over from the previous winter, and the generous quantity of green feeds supplied by the Eield Husbandry Division, maintained the milk flow of the cows and the growth of the young cattle, in spite of poor pastures and partial crop failures. The pasture areas are still much too limited for progressive work with the sheep and swine. There are now 528 head of live stock in the stables, made up as follows: 153 dairy cattle, 31 horses, 156 sheep, and 188 swine. All the live stock have made a very good showing during the past year. The amount of experimental work was greater than the previous year, and more satisfactory. The sales of dairy products amounted to $12,650.16; of dairy cattle, $4,237; of sheep, of mutton, and wool, $1,535.99; and of swine, for breeding purposes and for pork, $4,360.69. These sales, coupled with the increased values of the various herds and flocks, the value of manure and the horse labour supplied to other Divisions, makes a sum total of $44,204.87, which is an excellent return from the live stock on a 200-acre farm. HORSES. The horses do all the labour connected with the various Divisions on this Farm. At present there are thirty-one head of horses, which include twenty-three draught horses and draught colts, four expressers, and four drivers. The heavy draught horses include four imported Clydesdale mares, one Canadian-bred Clydesdale mare, and two grade Clydesdale mares. All the horses are in excellent condition. Breeding operations with horses have been very successful on this Farm during the past year, and the crop of excellent filly foals is making substantial progress. One of the imported Clydesdale mares has, this spring, again dropped a splendid foal, and four other mares give every promise of foaling normally. Experimental work along the lines of feeding, care, and management of pregnant mares and foals is most promising for the future. The horse labour supplied to the various Divisions for the past year amounted to 7.635 days, which, at the conservative valuation of 70 cents per day, gives a total return of $5,344.50. Considerable experimental feeding with work horses has been, conducted during the past year, this work being largely an accurate comparison of crushed versus whole grains for work horses. BEEF CATTLE. During the past fiscal year, some Shorthorn calves were purchased with a view of obtaining figures as to the production and marketing of baby beef. DAIRY CATTLE. The pure-bred dairy herds are Ayrshire, French-Canadian, Holstein, and Jersey. All these herds have given satisfactory returns. The total number of pure-bred cattle of the four above-mentioned breeds now amounts to 134 head. EXPERIMEX VAL FARMS 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Dairy Cattle Feeding Experiments. — A number of new phases of dairy cattle feed- ing experimental work have been undertaken during the year. The four lines of work given greatest prominence were: first, an investigation into the most successful succu- lent roughages for summer feeding, largely a comparison of ensilage versus soiling crops; secondly, the study of the protein values of various concentrated meals on the markets, and the amounts of meals which may be profitably fed the milch cows ; thirdly, a study of the comparative values of roots of various classes for feeding of milch cows; and, fourthly, a continuation of the work of investigating the most economical methods of calf rearing, with and without whole milk, skim-milk, and other dairy by-products in conjunction with various calf meals. llilking Machines. — Another very successful year has been completed in the investigation of the commercial values of mechanical milkers. In addition to the two original machines, namely, the Sharpies and Burrell-Lawrence-lvennedy, used for this investigation, there have been added the Empire, Lister, Omega, and /Half-way milkers. Although all this work is not being accurately checked bacteriologically, yet many interesting bacteriological analyses have been made to compare these machines as to cleanliness, and also in the study of best methods of cleaning. Valuable data regarding the comparative commercial and pathological values of these machines have been gathered. Dairy Cow Returns. — Again the quality of the dairy cattle on the Central Experimental Farm has shown marked improvement. The average profit per cow has again increased over $28.97 per annum, due largely to increased production, but also to an increased value of butter, amounting to 5 cents per pound. Particular attention is drawn to the fact that many of the best cows have not completed their lactation periods at the end of the fiscal year, hence the following table in itself is not a definite criterion in the comparison of the breeds. Following is a brief sum- mary showing the returns of some of the cows, the profits being based on the following valuations: Butter, 35 cents per pound; skim-milk, 20 cents per hundred- weight; pasture, $1 per head per month; hay, $7 per ton; meal, $25 per ton: and other roughages atAthe usual cost prices. Attention is drawn to the marked increase in both production and profits of the best five animals in each breed. It should also be noted that butter valued at 35 cents per pound and skim-milk at 20 cents per hundredweight is equivalent to milk at only $1.80 per hundred pounds, while in reality the manufacture of the fancy cheeses sold in large quantities from this Farm realized $3 per hundredweight on the milk. However, the butter basis is fair for the comparison of the various breeds in these stables, as well as with the average herds throughout Canada. Some Dairy Herd Records, Central Experimental Farm, 1916. No. of Head. Age. Breed. Average Days in Milk. Average pounds Milk produced. Average per cent Fat. Average profit over Feed between Calvings (Labour, manure, and Calf not included). 58 2 5 2 5 2 4 5 5 4 5 2 5 4 Years, and over. Grade Hoisteins Holstein Jersey Days. 353 416 357 384 415 305 394 Lb. 9,303-2 11,609-6 7,360 10, 173 13,571 14,520 7,861-7 3-91 3- 7S 4- 79 410 3-67 3-48 5- 46 $ 105-86 127-39 104-98 124-78 154-7S 152-24 135-88 16—3 34 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 SHEEP. Although thr> lack of pasture still is a great hindrance in the investigational work with sheep, yet this class of stock made an excellent showing during the past year, due largely to the high market values of lamb, mutton, and wool. Breeding work on a small scale with Shropshires and Leicesters has been most successful. There are now 156 head of breeding stock in the pens. SWINE. Considering the shortage of pasture, another very successful year is to be reported for swine husbandry on this Farm. At present there are 188 head of swine in the pens, Three breeds are maintained, namely, Yorkshires, Berkshires, and Tamworths. Many swine experts claim that there are at this Farm some of the finest breeding sows in Canada. Several lines of investigational work in the feeding of swine have been conducted during the past year. Briefly, these are: (1) the value of tankage and other foodstuffs as milk substitutes for young pigs during and after weaning; (2) the values of soiling crops for the summer feeding of shoats in the dry lot; (3) the most economical methods of feeding, comparing the hopper grinders and self-feeders with regular hand feeding ; (4) the best rations for finishing shoats for the market, and the comparative values of the protein contained in various concentrated meals for the feeding of market hogs. BUILDING PLANS. The Animal Husbandry Division has again, during the past fiscal year, finished the preparation of plans and brief specifications of live-stock buildings for the branch Farms. These plans have been, in turn, passed on to the Department of Public Works, and have there been used as patterns for the completed plans used in the construc- tion of these buildings. Many plans and specifications of farm buildings have been sent free of charge to farmers throughout Canada. These plans illustrate the various economical types of farmer's barns best suited to their needs. In all, 550 blue-prints of live-stock build- ings have been made and distributed. This number is less than that of last year which decrease is accounted for largely by the loss of our draughtsman, who enlisted Undoubtedly, also, fewer farmers are building new or remodelling buildings in these times. Many excellent barns of various sizes and types have been constructed aftei these plans, to the marked satisfaction of their owners. MISCELLANEOUS. The Dominion Animal Husbandman, in addition to his duties at the Central Experimental Farm, has officially visited, at least once during the year, all of th< branch Experimental Farms in Canada where live-stock work is being conducted. H( and his assistants have also spent a great deal of time attending a large number o: meetings in various parts of Canada, judging at numerous exhibitions, assisting a live-stock short courses, and studying live-stock conditions and the needs for experi mental and demonstrational work relating to live stock. EXPERIM ES TIL FARJ1S 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 DIVISION OF HORTICULTURE. REPORT OF THE DOMINION HORTICULTURIST, W. T. MACOUN. The work of the Division of Horticulture may be divided into six main part3, relating to pomology, vegetable gardening, ornamental gardening, plant breeding, cor- respondence and office work, and work in connection with the branch Farms and Stations. These naturally overlap, but they indicate the principal lines of effort. Under pomology is included the study of varieties of fruits for the purpose of getting information in regard to yield, season, quality, and profit. There is also the identification, classification, and description of the fruits, together with their propaga- tion, planting, and care, and also experiments in cultural methods, including spraying. The exhibition and judging of fruits may also be grouped under pomology. Vegetable gardening includes the testing of varieties to compare different strains of the same variety, and the relative merits of different varieties in regard to yield, quality, season, etc. Cultural methods and spraying are also dealt with, and the study of commercial methods, both in the field and under glass. Ornamental gardening has to do with the cultivation of ornamental trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, with the study of their different characteristics, including height, form, colouring, and season of bloom, so that information will be available to Canadians to enable them to plant their places in such a way that the trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants will blend or be contrasted with one another to form pleasing land- scape effects. The forest belts and windbreaks are also included in this part of the work. Plant breeding in the Horticultural Division is carried on from year to year in the endeavour to improve fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants by cross-breeding and selection, and to study the laws of inheritance in different kinds and varieties of horticultural plants. The correspondence and other office work of the Horticultural Division is growing rapidly. Of the letters received a large proportion require technical information, and it is believed that through the correspondence much assistance is rendered. The person who asks for information by letter is the one most likely to put into practice the advice given. Much of the time of the writer is devoted to the interests of the branch Farms and Stations, the work having grown rapidly in recent years. It is the aim to help the superintendents develop the horticultural work and so to systematize the work that the results will be made of the greatest value to the people of Canada. Material such as plants, seeds, labels, record tjooks, and other things are furnished the branch Farms and Stations from the Central Farm. As in previous years, the writer visited the branch Farms and Stations in 1916, and conferred with the superintendents in regard to horticultural matters. FRUITS. Notwithstanding the very unfavourable season for apples in the province of On- tario, the crop at the Central Experimental Farm was the best one in its history. Owing to the wet weather of May and June, there was a very serious development of apple scab on both foliage and fruit in unsprayed orchards, resulting in reducing the quantity and quality of the fruit. Trees were thoroughly sprayed on the Central Farm, and the good results from this work were very apparent. There is now such a large proportion of really hardy varieties of apples in the orchards at Ottawa that good crops are assured on some varieties practically every 1G— 3J 36 DEPARTMENT OF Ad Jilt L LTV RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 year, as the hardiest sorts are more regular bearers than those which, at Ottawa, are nearer the northern limit of their successful culture. New Varieties of Apples Originated at Ottawa. — Reference has been made in the report from time to time to the new varieties of apples originated in the Horticultural Division. Additional varieties of great merit fruit each year, and it is difficult to decide which to retain, but there are so many places in Canada where the varieties at present on the market are either too tender or do not cover the season well, or are not good enough in quality, that a variety which might not be desirable in one place is very desirable in another, hence more are retained than would otherwise be the case. These new varieties, in addition to being tested at the Central Farm, are sent from year to year to the branch Farms and Stations, and in a few years it will be known whether they are better suited for the districts they are being tested in than are others which have heretofore been grown there. Some of the most promising varieties of these new apples are Ambo, Brock, Diana, Donald, Elmer, Joyce, Melba, Xiobe, Pedro, Rocket, Rupert and Thurso. The very great importance of having more and better varieties of hardy plums is admitted. The European, Domestica, or so-called " blue " plums are not quite hardy enough for parts of Canada as cold as at Ottawa, and while there is sometimes a crop of these, they are not reliable bearers. In the native red plum and the native American plum there are two species, however, which furnish many hardy varieties, and while most of these are not quite good enough in quality to compare favourably with the European plums, there are a few which are very desirable. The Cheney is one of these. It is one of the earliest and does well in the colder parts of Ontario and Quebec and in the Prairie Provinces. The Assiniboine is also an early variety which has done well at the Experimental Farm, Indian Head, Sask. From the native plums of Manitoba will, no doubt, be originated new varieties especially suited for conditions there. The American plums cross readily with the Japanese, and the Omaha and Emerald plums, which have been tested at Ottawa for a number of years, are very desirable varieties resulting from this cross. Some cross-breeding work witb plums is done each year at Ottawa, and was continued in 1916. The development of a hardier race of strawberries, with better-flavoured fruit, is being attempted at Ottawa by crossing the cultivated varieties with the wild species from different parts of Canada. Fruits at the Experimental Station, Summerland , B.C. — The first orchards wer€ planted at the Experimental Station, Summerland, B.C.. in 1916, when apples, pears plums, peaches, cherries, apricots and small fruits were set out. As irrigation is an important factor in the successful cultivation of fruits in this district an extensive series of experiments in irrigating fruit trees was begun there. Fruits at the Experimental Station, Morden, Man., in 1916. — At the new Experi- mental Station, Morden, Man., there is no natural protection for fruit trees, so ir 1915 caragana hedges for windbreaks were set out in the area where the first orchard: were to be planted, so that these would have a start before the fruit trees were set ou" in 1916. In 1916, the first orchards and bush-fruit plantations were planted. Abou" one thousand trees were set out, mainly apple trees, but a considerable number oJ plum trees also, and, in addition, some 27,000 seedling apple trees were planted clost together in temporary rows. After these have gone through several winters it wil be possible to tell which are the hardiest, and from the latter, it is hoped, will bt obtained something better than is at present available for the prairies. Plantation.' of small fruits were also established. Fruits at the other Branch Farms and Stations. — Good orchards have now beer established at most of the branch Farms and Stations, and very useful data are being accumulated. It is in the Prairie Provinces where it is most difficult to grow tre« EXPERIMENTAL FAIIMS 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 fruits, and the orchards there are, from time to time, bady injured by frost. Jt is at such times that the value of the cross-bred apples originated by the late Dr. Wm. Saunders is demonstrated. For instance, in the winter of 1915-10, apple trees of the. ordinary commercial varieties which had been bearing well at the Experimental Sta- tion, Lethbridge, Alta., were killed, while certain of the cross-bred varieties remained uninjured. VEGETABLES. Vegetables have been given much prominence in the horticultural work of the Experimental Farms ever since they were organized. It is now possible for a settler in almost any part of Canada to learn what varieties are best suited to his district, tests having been made far north at the substations in the Peace River and Mackenzie districts, in addition to those conducted at the many Experimental Farms and Sta- tions scattered throughout Canada. The cultural tests, which we're begun in more recent years, are proving very useful also, as, in addition to knowing what to grow, it is very important to know how to grow it, and in a country as large as Canada the same method is not always suitable for each part. An interesting result was obtained at Ottawa in 1916 with garden peas. Brush was u.sed for supporting the vines of nineteen varieties on a certain area, while a similar area was left unbrushed. There was a decidedly greater yield from the area which was unbrushed — quite a surprising result. This experiment will be continued, as the general impression is that brushing peas will ensure a larger yield, and, doubtless, it will in some seasons and some places. The importance of obtaining seed potatoes from sources where vitality of the seed is strong was again demonstrated at Ottawa in 1916, where much larger yields were obtained from seed from other parts of Canada than from Ottawa- grown seed. The value of " sprouting " potatoes before planting was again demon- strated in 1916. Irrigation of Vegetables. — There was a very heavy precipitation during the spring of 1916, and it was not until late in July that there was any need of irrigation from the overhead irrigation system at Ottawa, but the latter part of the summer was very dry, and marked increases from irrigation were obtained in the crops of cauliflower, cabbage, celery, ripe beans, and corn. Growing Vegetable Seed. — Experiments were continued in 1916 in the growing of different kinds of vegetable seeds in order to get more information in regard to methods of growing each kind, and the yield which could be obtained. Very good seed of beets, carrots, parsnips, celery, cabbage, onions, spinach, and lettuce was grown. Comparison of the crops from home-grown and imported seed shows that quite as good, or better, crops can be grown from home-grown as from imported seed if the seed has been obtained from good stock plants. Developing Early Vegetables. — Experiments are being continued in the selection and cross-breeding of different kinds of vegetables in order to obtain earlier strains. The Alacrity tomato and Early Malcolm corn are two gpod varieties developed at the Central Experimental Farm, which are now in the trade. Especial attention is being paid to peas, beans, tomatoes, corn, and onions. Information to Vacant Lot Gardeners. — The Horticultural Division did much work towards the close of the fiscal year in connection with vacant lot garden- ing and home vegetable gardening. Two pamphlets were published to meet the demand for information, and hundreds of letters coming direct to the Division or through the information bureau were dealt with. 33 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 ORNAMENTAL GARDENING. Although, during the war, special attention is being paid to the economic side of horticulture, the ornamental side has not been neglected. Hence, the testing of varieties of garden plants has been continued, cultural experiments are being tried, and at all the Farms and Stations the endeavour has been made to make the grounds attractive so as to try and induce farmers, especially, to do something more to beautify their homes so that there will be a greater incentive for their sons to come back to the farm when the war is over. CEREAL DIVISION. REPORT OF THE DOMINION CEREALIST, CHAS. E. SAUNDERS, B.A., Ph.D. THE SEASON. In contrast with the year 1915, the season of 1916 proved exceptionally unfavour- able for cereals in many large districts. Indeed it is doubtful whether any year during the past quarter of a century was less favourable. It is true that in some parts of Canada the crops were excellent, but the areas where the crops were poor were very large. In the east, a large section of country suffered from excessive rains in April, May, and June, so that many fields which might have been sown with cereals had to be devoted to other crops; and, in some cases, where cereals were sown the young plants started under very adverse conditions, due to excessive moisture. The prolonged wet weather was followed almost immediately by intense heat, which continued almost up to harvest time, and prevented the grain from filling properly. Such conditions were, of course, particularly hard on cereal crops. In the central and western provinces — Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta — there were districts where very large crops were produced, but the total yield of grain in these three provinces was rather low. Unusual damage was caused by rust, frost, and hail. Some fortunate areas, such a3 southern Alberta, for instance, escaped dam- age almost entirely, but the loss from rust in southern Manitoba and southern Sas- katchewan was very heavy; and there were heavy losses in the northern parts of Saskatchewan and Alberta from an altogether exceptional frost which occurred about the 10th of August, injuring cereals on many of the low-lying fields over a large area of country. Hail caused unusual losses in several districts, the number of severe storms being quite abnormal. In making comparisons between the crops of 1915 and those of 1916, it should be remembered that the former year was quite extraordinarily favourable. Any com- parisons which are to be made should therefore take into account the average crop for a series of years rather than the remarkable crop of 1915. MARQUIS WHEAT. As usual, this extraordinary variety has again given remarkable returns. Last season, it created what is probably a world's record for the yield of spring wheat from a large field, when a farmer, in Southern Alberta, harvested 54,395 bushels from 1,000 acres of land. Such a wonderful yield would scarcely be credited were it not properly attested by trustworthy persons. DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLES OP SEED. The annual free distribution of samples of seed grain has again been conducted. Some modifications were made in the manner of carrying it on, the chief of these being that printed application forms were furnished to those who wished to receive samples. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 In this way, it was found possible more readily to secure the desired information as to the conditions on the farms of the applicants, the results obtained from varieties previously tested, etc. As the printed forms facilitated the making of satisfactory applications, and as the announcement of the distribution in the public press was made somewhat earlier than usual, we should doubtless have had a great increase in the number of acceptable applications even without the stimulus which was furnished by high prices and scarcity of seed. As it was, our stocks of nearly all varieties — though larger than the quantities distributed in the previous year — proved quite inadequate. The total distribution this year is more than double that of last year. The number of samples of seed grain sent out from Ottawa to the various provinces were as follows: Prince Edward Island, 36; Nova Scotia, 312; New Bruns- wick. 158; Quebec, 2,850; Ontario, 1,176; Manitoba, 544; Saskatchewan, 1,107; Alberta, 1.060; British Columbia, 331. Total, 7,574. TESTS OF VARIETIES OF CEREALS. Although the weather at Ottawa was very unfavourable for cereals, and the annual tests were therefore carried out with unusual difficulty, nevertheless some good results were obtained. At most of the branch Experimental Farms and Stations good crops were seciired and useful observations were made at all of them, except at Rosthern, Sask., where the crops were entirely destroyed by hail. Plots of Cereals, etc., at Ottawa. — In 1916, there were sown at Ottawa, 883 very small plots of cross-bred varieties not yet fixed in character, and 498 plots (chiefly small) of new varieties and selections which are now true to type and are being increased for test on a larger scale. The regular test plots of grain, for the study and comparison of varieties, are one- sixtieth of an acre each. The number of plots of this size, last season, was as follows: Spring wheat, 254; barley, 287; field peas, 64, and flax, 31, making a total of 636 plots, and representing about 600 varieties and selected strains. The total number of plots of all sizes was 2,017. Neiv varieties. — In addition to the regular tests made every year at Ottawa, a few extraordinarily promising sorts of cereals and peas are being tried at other localities on the branch Experimental Farms. It is expected that, in the near future, at least one new variety of hulless barley and one of hulless oats and one of early ripening, hard, spring wheat will be introduced to the public. The progress made in this work is necessarily slow, as it is important to avoid the premature introduction of varieties which have not been sufficiently tested. isEW EXPERIMENTAL FLOUR MILL. 0 With a view to the resumption, at as early a date as possible, of the important researches in milling and baking, a new and superior experimental flour mill has been purchased, to replace the one which was lost when the cereal building was burned a couple of years ago. The new mill is capable of grinding rapidly and satisfactorily quite small amounts of wheat, thus enabling us to make flour from varieties of which only a few pounds of seed can be spared. 4U DETARTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 DIVISION OF BOTANY. REPORT OF THE DOMINION BOTANIST, H. T. GUSSOW. The administration of the plant- disease section under the Destructive Insect and Pest Act forms part of' the duties of the Dominion Botanist. During the year the work in connection with the investigation into white pine blister rust was continued. In Ontario were begun control measures, such as extermination of diseased vegetation — pines and currants — and the work was placed on a systematic basis with the aim in view to prevent the spreading of this disease, the seriousness of which is now being universally recognized. In New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, we are able to report that this rust has not become established. In the province of Quebec, a careful search is now being conducted, particularly along the Maine border. Another phase of work carried on under this Act relates to disease elimination in potatoes. Powdery scab is now quite under control. Other potato diseases are also being gradually eliminated, and it would be surprising if the systematic work now conducted according to a standard method of field and yield inspection should not result in a great improvement in the quality, purity of stock, and freedom from disease of seed potatoes, as well as in quantity of yield, since the latter has been found to be affected by the presence of disease to a far greater extent than by any other cause; in fact, this is perhaps one of the most important features of the work done with potatoes, that it has been established beyond any doubt that poor yield, formerly attributed to weak strains, to degeneration and other causes, is frequently due to the presence of diseases conveyed by the seed tuber, particularly leaf-roll and mosaic disease. A thorough investigation of the severe grain-rust epidemic was carried on during the year. As a result, two field laboratories were established, one at Brandon and one at Indian Head, in charge of trained specialists, who will devote their time to a comprehensive study of the grain rust and related problems affecting the yield of our grain crops. During the year a coloured poster, describing the nature of grain rust, together with a popular account of this disease in bulletin form, was prepared. In continuation of some work done during the previous year, several plots were sown with flax. As in the previous year, the samples were reported on by Mr. Lockhart, of Parkhill. Although the season was the driest on record in the province of Ontario, Mr. Lockhart pronounced these samples to be the finest flax he had yet seen grown in Canada. It is felt that as there is now a separate Division to deal with fibre plants, further work on flax may safely be left to that Division. Several plots were also devoted to hemp, both for seed and fibre. The fibre was very favourably reported on by the Doon Twines Company, Limited, and a sample of the twine manufactured from it was sent to the Central Experimental Farm for inspection. Several plots of soy beans, the seeds of which were obtained from the United States and France, were sown and, in both instances, the seeds ripened satisfactorily. These were analysed for oil content by the Dominion Chemist. As castor oil is one of the most important commercial oils, the seeds of this plant were obtained from various countries of Europe and also from the United States, and sown after the danger of frost was over. A considerable quantity of ripe seeds with ! which to carry on work next season w>as obtained. Several plots were devoted to black mustard and white mustard, these being the two chief mustards used in commerce. No difficulty was experienced in growing these two crops. Favourable reports on the quality were received from Messrs. Dunn & Oo., of Hamilton, Ont. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Chicory was also experimented with. The Dominion Chicory Company, of Mont- real, reported that the sample of roots submitted to them was " excellent in ev< ry way." A considerable area was devoted to the culture of medicinal plants. Opium poppy grew well, anise and dill ripened seeds satisfactorily, belladonna survived the preceding winter, and there were also several other species under observation. Some miscellaneous crops such as lentil, chick pea. and hyacinth bean were experi- mented with, and in each case some ripe seeds were obtained. The reports from the field laboratories at St. Catharines, Fredericton, and Char- lottetown indicate that the officers in charge fully realized the importance of getting in close touch with the farmers. The interpretation and demonstration of practical results, the guidance and educational propaganda conducted right on the farmer's own fields, have greatly benefited the various communities. Several interesting obser- vations have been made which will certainly prove of great value in the immediate future. Thus, for instance, it may be remembered that spraying of potatoes has not been a very general practice in some parts of the country- It was held that sprayii:g would eat up all profits from raising potatoes in certain localities. Our experi« mi e being the very opposite of this, it was found on investigation that there existed in such localities, very poor yields, and the profits from growing potatoes were so small indeed that additional cost of production — such as spraying — would not have been profitable. The cause of the poor yields having been determined to be due to diseases that are by no means universally recognized by the practical farmers, but which reduce the yield from year to year, efforts were then made to start with a new sound seed supply, and by spraying the crop carefully the usual benefits from spraying were once more demonstrated. Farmers whose turnips, cabbage, or similar crops were formerly greatly depre- ciated in value by club root are now being shown the beneficial results from the judicious use of lime. That lime exerts an inhibiting effect on club root has been known for many years, but it was not so much the question of liming as the question of when and how to apply it, which has now been successfully demonstrated. The free distribution of pure cultures of nodule bacteria has gained in favour, and ten times the amount of cultures formerly sent out were asked for by farmers all ov< r the Dominion. Reports indicate clearly that good stands of alfalfa are being secured by treating seed with cultures, while, in a good many eases, untreated check plots suc- cumbed during the first winter. DIVISION OF BEES. REPORT OF THE APIARIST, F. W. L. SLADEX. The outstanding feature of the year 1916 was the unusually large crop of honey from alsike and white clover produced in Ontario. Quebec, and Manitoba, principally due to the wet spring followed by fine, warm weather when the plants were in flcwi r. The honey was sold at a fractional advance on the prices obtained in the previous year, and was eagerly bought up by housekeepers, sugar for canning fruits being high. PRODUCTION AT THE EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. Bees are now being kept on fifteen of the Dominion Experimental Farms. The highest yield of honey per colony in 1916 was obtained at the Central Farm, Ottawa, where thirty-five colonies, spring count, produced 8,269 pounds, an average of ^36 pounds, valued at $34 per colony. Second came Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere, with 132 pound per colony; and third, Invermere, with 117 pounds per colony. The average yield 42 DEPIRTHEM OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 of honey in the fifteen apiaries was 61-9 pounds per colony, spring count, and the average price obtained for the honey was 15% cents per pound, so that it realized $9.69 to the colony. A summary that has been prepared of the average annual yield of honey per colony at the different Experimental Farms during the four year3 1913 to 1916, inclusive, shows that Xappan gave the highest yield, amounting to 115 pounds, which came prin- cipally from alsike, white clover, and goldenrod; Ottawa came second, producing 106 pounds, principally from alsike, white clover, and sweet clover; Lethbridge, Alta. (1914 to 1916 only) third, with 86 pounds, mainly from alfalfa; and Ste. Anne de la Poca- tiere, Que., fourth, with 62 pounds from alsike and white clover. While the yields at the other Farms and Stations, namely, Charlottetown, P.E.I., Kentville, N.S., Frederic- ton, N.B., Cap Rouge, Que., Brandon, Man., Indian Head, Sask., Lacombe, Alta., Invermere, B.C., Agassiz, B.C., and Sidney, B.C., were lower for various reasons, ample evidence has been obtained that bee-keeping is profitable at each of these places. SURVEY WORK. During the summer of 1916 the Apiarist visited each of the Farms at which bees were kept, and made detours into promising regions in order to study their possibilities for honey production, visiting apiaries and investigating in detail the species of plants from which the honey is gathered, and the weather conditions that are most favourable for abundant production! The conclusion wa3 reached that honey crops that will compare favourably in size and quality with those to be obtained in the best regions in North America may be secured in selected places in the Ottawa River basin, including some of the northern valleys, where raspberry, alsike, and white clover, fireweed, and certain species of goldenrod and aster form successive sources of honey. For the further investigation of this region, a co-operative experiment with bee-keepers having apiaries situated at Montcerf, Que., Lytton, Que., and Thornloe, Ont., was carried out in 1916, and is being continued. Other promising regions visited were the district east of Winnipeg, certain rich farming and swamp lands in the Maritime Provinces, and the alfalfa districts of southern Alberta. A two days' investigation at Melfort, Sask., showed that bee-keeping is worthy of attention as a side line in this northern district. An extension of the system of co-operative experiments to these and other districts has been organized. POLLINATION OF ALFALFA. Further study of the wild bees believed to be instrumental in pollinating alfalfa was made by the Apiarist in the western provinces. Mcgachile latimaniis Ckll. was found to be by far the most useful species tripping the flowers in southern Alberta, and M. perihirta Ckll. in the dry interior of British Columbia. The honey-bee visits the flowers without tripping them, and the action of bumble-bees is uncertain. EXPERIMENT WITH BEES FROM THE SOUTH. Two experimental shipments of bees without combs were received in the spring at the Central Experimental Farm by express from two breeders in Alabama, United States. One of them, consisting of six 1-pound packages, was fourteen days en route, and only 17 ounces of bees were found to be alive on arrival. The other shipment, consisting of three 2-pound packages, with untested queens, costing $9.75, with $2.50 express charges, arrived in good condition on May 10, after four day's journey, and, after having been assisted a little with combs and brood from other colonies, produced 135 pounds of honey, and built up into five strong colonies fit for wintering. EXPERl 1/ EX TIL FARMS 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 RESULTS FROM OUT-APIARIES- Two colonies of bees from the Central Farm were placed on the Kazabazua Plains, Quebec, for the spring and summer. Each produced an average honey crop of 260 pounds, consisting of 66i pounds of amber honey, principally from blueberry, 132 pounds of white honey, principally from white and alsike clover, and 61 i pounds from goldenrod. A colony was placed in a swamp at Sully, Que., for the same period, and gave 220 pound* of honey, consisting of 34 pounds from blueberry, 132 pounds mainly from clover, and 54 pound? from goldenrod. WINTERING EXPERIMENTS. Twenty-eight colonies of bees were wintered in the bee cellar in the new api- cultural building at the Central Experimental Farm, and investigations into the ventilation, relative humidity, and temperature of the bee cellar under different weather conditions, and their effects upon the bees were carried on throughout the winter. Experiment with Winter Stores. — An experiment was made to compare different kinds of food consumed by bees during the winter. One of the objects of this experiment was to discover the source or sources of the hard, granulated honey, associated with a heavy mortality of bees, that has been found in some winters in several apiaries in the Ottawa valley, including the apiary at the Central Farm in 1914-15 and 1915-16. Another object was to test the value of sugar syrup as a supplementary and also as a sole food for bees in winter. In four colonies, wintered on stores collected between June 26 and July 18, mainly from alsike and white clover, the bees were found to cover an average of 5-1 combs per colony on April 17, the honey having granulated but little. Three colonies on stores gathered between July 24 and August 8, largely from white sweet clover (Melilotus alba), covered an average of only 3-2 combs, much of the honey having granulated hard. Very significant was the condition of a colony belong- ing to this set that was wintered outside, this colony having occupied the north corner of one of the wintering cases. When this colony was examined on April 17 the bees covered only 2£ combs and the stores consisted of about one pound of granulated dried-up honey, the cappings having been torn open by the bees in an apparent endeavour to get liquid food. The combs thus presented the same appearance as those of the colonies that died or came through very weak in the two preceding winters. Three colonies on stores collected after August 14, principally from goldenrod (chiefly Solidago canadensis) and buckwheat, covered an average of 3-8 combs, and the honey was not granulated. Two colonies on undisturbed natural stores gathered at Ottawa throughout the season, chiefly towards its end, covered an average of 4-5 combs. Eleven colonies on undisturbed natural stores supplemented with an average of 20 pounds sugar syrup each, covered an average of 5-1 combs. (Natural stores sup- plemented with sugar syrup also produced better results than natural stores alone in the two preceding winters.) Three colonies on sugar syrup without honey covered 4-3 combs. One of these had all pollen cut out of the combs on October 25. and was found to cover 3-5 combs in spring. Three colonies on stores gathered at K-azabazua and Sully, Que., consisting largely of honey from two species of goldenrod, Solidago purberula and S. squamosa, covered an average of 5-2 combs. Wintering Outside. — Wintering bees outside, four hives packed in shavings, in a case, in an enclosure sheltered from wind, without attention during the winter, con- 44 DEPA HIM EXT OF AGlilCLLTI RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 tinues to prove successful in Ottawa, the average results of the last four years show- ing that the bees- so wintered did hotter than those wintered in the cellar. In 1916-17 sixteen colonies were thus wintered in four cases, each containing four colonies placed back to hack, with 3 inches of planer shavings between the hives and the sides and bottom of the cases and 10 inches on top. The outeide entrances, two facing southeast and two northwest, were reduced during the winter to 1£ inches high by f inch wide. The colonies wintered somewhat better than those in the cellar, the average number of combs covered per colony on April 17, 1917, in the fourteen colonies wintered on natural stores supplemented with sugar syrup being 5-4 as against 51 combs in eleven colonies in the cellar. Experiment with sealed covers. — The eight hives in two of the cases were covered with double oilcloth, and the ventilators in the roofs of these cases werfe covered with pieces of wood, diminishing ventilation and increasing humidity. The eight hives in the other two case? had their oilcloth covers replaced by bran sacks, and the venti- lators in the roofs of the cases were left open, thus allowing upward ventilation and reducing humidity. Taking the fourteen colonies on regular stores supplemented with sugar syrup, the result of the comparison was as follows : — Average number Estimated average of combs v. eight of per colony stores remaining on April 17. in hive, April 17. Lb. Seven colonies, sealed covers 6'5 1S"4 Seven colonies, upward ventilation 4'3 8'4 WAX MOTH KILLED EY COLD. A cage containing living wax moths (Galleria meUon-ella), with laira1. pupae, and probably eggs, was placed in the honey house in the middle of March, 1917. On the nights of March 18 and 19 the temperature in this house fell to 9°F. Xext day all seemed to have been killed by the cold, and on May 30 no sign of life could be found in the cage. PAPER CONTAINERS FOR HONEY. In consequence of the high price and scarcity of tin pails and other containers for honey, an experiment in designing paper containers for granulated honey was started during the winter. Promising results were obtained by pouring the honey when commencing to granulate into 2-pound bags made of white bond paper, water- proofed with paraffin wax. the bags having been previously opened out on a wooden block and placed in attractive cartons. BEE GARDEN. The frontage between the apiary and the roadway near the apicultural building at the Central Experimental Farm has been laid out into plots in which some of the principal honey plants of Canada are being grown in order to study the effect of soil, weather, and other conditions upon the secretion of nectar. GENERAL NOTES. During the year the Apiarist attended and gave addresses by request at a meeting of the Leeds County Bee-keepers' Association, Athens, Ont, July 3; the annual con- vention of the Bee-keepers' Association of British Columbia at Vancouver, August 17; the annual convention of the Bee-keepers' Association of the Province of Quebec at Montreal, November 15; and the annual convention of the Ontario Bee-keepers' Association at Toronto, December S and 9; and he contributed papers to the annual convention of the Quebec County Bee-keepers' Association and the annual convention of the Manitoba Bee-keepers' Association. A number of articles, giving results of experiment and investigations, were contributed by the Apiarist to the bee-keeping and general press. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 DIVISION OF FORAGE PLANTS. REPORT OF THE DOMINION AGROSTOLOGIST, M. 0. MAXTE, Ph.D. The work of the Division of Forage Plants is steadily and rather rapidly increasing1, new lines of investigation being taken ivp every year. VARIETY TESTS. Variety tests are carried out chiefly with Indian corn and field roots, including mangels, swede and fall turnips, carrots, and sugar beets. Through the variety tests much valuable information is gained about the comparative value of different trade varieties for the different parts of the Dominion. This information, accumulated during a long series of years, is made available to the Canadian farmer through the Experimental Farms' publications. As the value of the information gained from the variety tests largely depends upon the carefulness exercised in conducting them, and perhaps still more on the carefulness with which conclusions in general are drawn, the Division is endeavouring to take every precaution possible in order to be able to present to the farmers accurate data on the true value of the varieties under test. Thus, in order to eliminate, as far as may be, all errors liable to result from variations in soil conditions in the experimental field, each variety is tested in duplicate plots and the average yield of the two plots taken as an indication of the yielding capacity of the variety. At the Central Experimental Farm, where the Division is favoured with assistance from the chemical laboratory, analysis is made of all varieties of field roots tested. The analy- tical data thus secured help materially, when combined with the yielding capacity of the varieties, in the calculation of the comparative values of varieties. With special reference to the results obtained from the variety tests with field roots this year, it must be admitted that they decidedly indicate that the seed available commercially this year was, generally speaking, somewhat inferior to that of previous years. This is, however, a condition that must be considered as a natural consequence of the present scarcity of field-root seed, and the tendency to deteriora- tion thus experienced will quite naturally disappear as soon as the world's supply begins to return to the normal. BREEDING WORK. Alfalfa. — The breeding work with alfalfa which was started in 1912 has now progressed to a point that enables the Division to promise, within a short time, several new, distinct varieties. A number of families of alfalfa secured through self- fertilization of promising individual plants, and planted last year, exhibit a remark- able degree of uniformity, thus bearing out the statement made in last year's report that " the expectations of the Division with regards to the development of distinct varieties in the real sense of the word seem to be well .founded." As, however, the new varieties still showed some indications of not breeding completely true to type, further selection was made this year from within them. The selected plants were self-fertilized but, owing to the unfavourable weather conditions, only a very small quantity of seed was secured. Bed Clover. — In red clover, the breeding work has chiefly been confined to breeding, through mass-selection, of hardy strains. The results so far obtained not only show that it is practicable to develop varieties carrying hardiness as a hereditary varietal 46 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 character, but they also indicate that it may be possible to increase the lasting ability of red clover by evolution of varieties of a perennial type. Special attention has been paid to this question during1 the last few year3. Grasses. — Since 1911, breeding work with timothy has steadily been progressing. Through repeated self-fertilization of selected individuals within a number of timothy families, a number of new varieties are being developed. Owing, however, to the fact that the plants from which selections first were made were of unknown, and, certainly, of hybrid origin, the breeding work is progressing rather slowly. In 1912, a number of individual plants of western rye grass were singled out for breeding work. A few of the plants thus selected were used, the following year, as mother plants for new varieties. In the selection of the mother plants special attention was paid to those characters on which early and heavy hay crops of fine quality depend. The breeding work is progressing very satisfactorily and, in fact, at a quicker rate than that with timothy. In order to explain why distinct varieties of western rye grass appear to be comparatively easy to develop, it would be necessary to study in detail the natural propagation of the multitude of wild forms which constitute what is called western rye grass. Suffice it to say, in this connection, that automatic self-pollination has been observed in several wild varieties of western rye. These observations have been made in the Edmonton district, Alberta, where a very great number of varieties grow in the greatest profusion, and may explain, in part at least, why various forms of the western rye grass are comparatively constant, and therefore rather easy to fix by breeding as distinct varieties. Some work with red top and meadow fescue was also conducted the last year, but, as this work is still in its infancy, no particular reference need be made to it. Field roots. — With a view of developing improved varieties of field root3, selections were made of two varieties of mangels, and one variety each of swede turnips and carrots. As, however, the process of breeding field roots is of necessity rather slow, any statement as to any indications of the probable outcome would, at the present stage of the work, be premature. HOME-GROWN VERSUS IMPORTED SEED. Last year, the Division reported that seed of field roots, especially mangels and turnips, had been produced most successfully, during the year, on several of the Experimental Farms and Stations. Figures were quoted to the effect that experiments in field-root seed raising had given most satisfactory results in the provinces of Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, Xew Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. Results obtained this year confirm the statement that root seed growing can be made. a very profitable business in the Dominion. Of special interest to the seed-buying farmer is the question whether field-root seed, grown in Canada, is capable of producing as valuable crops as imported seed. Up to the present, practically all the field-root seed used in the Dominion has been imported from European countries, and it is a rather widespread supposition that the European seed is superior to that raised this* side of the Atlantic. It is often heard that the climate in the seed-raising countries in Europe is especially favourable to the produc- tion of high-class seed, and that, for this reason, Canada would not be able to compete with Europe as a root-seed-producing country. In order to ascertain the truth of such assertions, i.e., in order to ascertain the crop-producing ability of Canadian-grown seed in comparison with foreign-grown seed, a number of experiments were conducted by the Division of Forage Plants this year. Canadian-grown seed of a number of varieties of field roots was tested, side by side with the best commercial seed of the same varieties, at many of the Experimental Farms and Stations, and also on many private farms in Eastern Canada. Of special interest is the outcome of the experiments with Canadian-grown seed of Mammoth Long Red mangel, tested in comparison with commercial, imported seed. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The Canadian-grown seed used in these experiments was raised at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, from roots taken from the ordinary farm crop, practi- cally without any selection at all. It was tested in comparison with commercial seed of the same variety. The crop realized from the Ottawa-grown seed was, on an aver- age, over 10 per cent higher than the crop produced by the commercial seed. Similar results were obtained in experiments with other varieties of mangels, and also with swede turnips, and under the circumstances the Division is in a position to report that Canadian-grown seed of varieties «f field root3 has proven, on the whole, superior to imported seed of the same varieties. FORAGE CROP EXPERIMENTS IN THE YUKON TERRITORY. In order to investigate the agricultural possibilities in the Yukon, especially in regard to production of forage crops, the Dominion Agrostologist was authorized to visit the Dawson district for about two weeks. The visit was prompted by the desire of the department to reduce, if possible, the extraordinarily high prices that must be paid for forage in the Yukon as long as it has to be imported from the outside. If it were possible to raise locally what feed is needed in the territory, many farm products would be available at vastly reduced prices. The successful growing of hay and fodder in general would also tend to lower the price for horse labour considerably.. At present the question of securing hay, for horse feed especially, is of primary importance. A certain quantity of wild hay is used for the purpose, but relying on wild hay is rather unsatisfactory. In the first place, it is not easily available in suffi- cient quantities and, furthermore, it i3 not, as a rule, rich enough for hard-working animals. Of special importance is therefore the question whether tame hay, such as timothy, western rye, clover, alfalfa, etc., can be grown successfully in the Yukon. During the visit of the Dominion Agrostologist to Dawson, arrangements were made to start experiments with various forage plants immediately. It is most for- tunate that the Experimental Farms in this work can count on the most whole-hearted and generous assistance from Yukon farmers. In this connection should be men- tioned, especially, the name of Mr. J. W. Boyle, manager of the Canadian Klondike Mining Company, whose much-appreciated generosity permits us to start experiments on two locations in the Klondike valley at practically no expense to the department. POULTRY DIVISION. REPORT OF THE DOMINION POULTRY HUSBANDMAN, F. C. ELFORD. The year 1016-17 has been most unusual both as regards production and marketing. The spring of 1916 was late and conditions unfavourable for production, the early part of the summer cold and wet, the latter part hot and dry. These conditions were anything but satisfactory for growing chickens. The late spring meant late hatches, the wet, cold weather in the early summer resulted in a heavy mortality, and the hot, dry period following materially retarded the growth of the pullets. When winter came, pullets, instead of being mature and ready to lay, did not commence laying until late in the winter or even towards the spring. Naturally this lessened the egg supply. The high price of feed also had an influence on the available supply of eggs. The feed required for the chicks during the summer was unusually expensive, which no doubt militated against their growth. Because of the price of feed, many of the laying stock were sold in the fall, which again cut down the possible egg supply and for the same reason, the layers that were retained were not, in some cases, fed as well as they should have been. 48 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICl LTl'RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Taking, therefore, the backward spring and unfavourable summer combined with the high prices paid for feed, the result was that early winter eggs were extremely scarce, and the sale of layers in the fall, and the continued scarcity of feed meant that even later eggs were not as plentiful as usual. This will also explain the reason, from the producer's standpoint, why eggs were higher in price during the winter of 1916-17 than they have ever been in the history of Canada. The high prices that prevailed for all foodstuffs naturally raised the price of eggs. Coupled with this was the export of eggs to Great Britain in 1915, which depleted Canada's supply for local demand. To provide for the shortage that existed, eggs were imported early in 1916 from the United States. During the spring months of 1916 a few eggs were exported to Great Britain, but in the fall a considerable number were sent over, which left the Canadian warehouses comparatively bare, and the supply less than is usually the case. This, combined with the production difficulties and the fact that Canadians were eating more eggs than usual, made the egg more or less of a luxury during the winter of 1916-17. FEEDS AND FEEDING. Special attention has been given to experiments on the cost of feeds, cost of production, incubation, brooding, diseases, etc. Experiments along these lines have been conducted at the Central Farm plant and also, to a limited extent, at the various branch Farms. The exceptional price of all feeds caused many to sell laying stock that should have been retained. For though the cost of production was considerably higher this year than last the product (eggs) was also higher. To show that the price of feed is not the only factor to be considered the following table is given : — Table showing greater profits over cost of feed for winter 1916-17 in comparison with the same pen in 1915-16 Year. No. of eggs laid . Average price per doz. Total value of eggs. Value of feed consumed. Profit per pen. Labor not considered Profit per hen. Cost to produce 1 doz. eggs. Average profit on 1 doz. eggs. cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. cts. 1915-16 4,700 39-6 157 33 58 42 98 91 0 99 . 150 24 0 1916-17 4,806 55-2 221 17 82 49 138 68 1 67 20-6 34-6 There was an average increase of 56-1 per cent in the price of the scratch feed for the six winter months of 1916-17, and an average increase of 36-8 per cent in the price of mash and an increase of 33-3 per cent in the price of green bone during the same period, but there was an average increase of 75 per cent in the price of eggs, leaving a substantial margin of profit. It might also be noted here that at the end of April the Toronto quotations for feed were 54 1 per cent higher than the previous year, and eggs 66-6 per cent higher that at the same time in 1915-16. The age of the layers is a vital factor in the cost of production, as the following table shows. This table gives a summary of average results at several Experimental EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Farms for the past three winters from records of many pens of pullets, yearlings, two- year-olds, and over: — Number Average Average Total Cost of Age. of weight price value 1 doz. birds. per doz. per doz. of eggs. eggs. ozs. cts. $ cts. cts. 292 23-2 43-2 451 73 18-3 152 22-7 43 1 221 88 56 161 24-7 47 176 48 78-2 Two vears old and over 79 24-2 44 13 94 $5.73 It would appear from the above that there is considerable loss from late pullets the first winter, and from hens during their second-winter laying, though these prove profitable sometimes. It may be well to point out that some of the above records were obtained during December, January, and February only, a season of low produc- tion for hens, and that a number of hens on the Farms system are kept over their profitable period for special breeding purposes, and the egg yield from these would enter into and adversely influence the average. For winter egg production the early hatched pullet is the most profitable, the yearling seldom as profitable, the late pullet and two-year-old and older hen a loss with but few exceptions. ALTERATIONS TO CENTRAL FARM PLANT During the year the central plant has been rearranged to make it more convenient for visitors to see the plant and stock without the danger of having the gates left open and experiments interfered with. A new entrance has been made from the front of the plant connected with a driveway which runs from one end of the plant to the other. This driveway enters at the back of the feed house and runs south parallel with Maple avenue until it reaches the horticultural ground, when it then turns on to Maple avenue. That part of the plant between these drives and Maple avenue is now divided into five yards, which are kept mowed the same as the lawn, and are used for rearing chicks. The turkey plant has been fenced and two subways placed beneath the sidewalk. These subways connect the original plant with a portion of the forest belt that borders the north side of the Farm. In order to assist in the turkey experiments, a small, rough farm of 30 acres was rented, upon which the range turkeys were reared. The young turkeys were placed there when out of the incubators, and left there until almost ready to market in the fall. Houses. — A hot-water-pipe brooder house has been erected and is in use for the early spring chicks. This house was much needed for the early hatches, and, so far, is proving quite satisfactory. Unfortunately, the waterfowl house on the duck plant was burned in the fall, Vhich necessitated the transferring of the ducks and geese to the upper plant for the winter. BRANCH FARMS. The work at those branch Farms upon which poultry is kept has been made more efficient by the completion of most of the buildings and equipment, av.d the installing of a fuller stock of birds. 16—4 50 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 STUDY OF DISEASES OF POULTRY. Through the courtesy of Dr. Torrance, Veterinary Director General, Dr. A. B. Wickware, Assistant Biologist, has been assigned to poultry work. This makes it possible to carry on investigation in poultry diseases that up to this time was not possible. EXTENSION WORK. Even more than usual has been the demand this year for poultry lectures, judges, etc. Requests for such have been complied with whenever possible. The survey work, started over a year ago, is proving of much benefit. It has been the means of improving, to no small extent, poultry conditions in the sections where the work has been conducted. New houses, improved stock, more sanitary conditions, and keener interest all through are apparent. During the year a second block of farmers in the province of Quebec has been selected. This block is in the vicinity of Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere Experimental Station. Similar work to that which is carried on at Cap Rouge is being conducted there. Through the Illustration Stations Division, eggs have been distributed to the farmers operating these farms. The Experimental Farms or Stations in the three provinces, where this illustration work is being conducted, supplied to each of the farms two settings of Barred Rock or White Wyandotte eggs. From these eggs very satisfactory reports have been received. During the winter and spring there has been a heavier demand for poultry infor- mation, through correspondence and through visitors, than has been the case up to the present. This demand comes from all classes, both farmers and townspeople. TOBACCO DIVISION. REPORT OF THE TOBACCO HUSBANDMAN, F. CHARLAN. The tobacco crop of Canada in 1916 gave one of the poorest harvests in this country for many years. Speaking generally, the season was colder than that of 1915, which itself was regarded as a very unfavourable one. The chief drawback in 1916 was the almost continual rainfall which, especialbj in Quebec, took place at the time of transplanting, and rendered impossible, in manj cases, the proper preparation of the soil. This forced a number of growers to abandon, in whole or in part, their tobacco crop, although their operations in the seed-bed? had been successful. As a rule, the heavy lands of the province of Quebec only pro- duced about half a crop of tobacco. In Ontario the situation was a little better, especially in the case of the bright Hue-cured tobacco, the production of which rose to about a million pounds. This represents the largest harvest of bright tobacco ever obtained in Canada. While the production of bright tobacco increased considerably, that of white Burley decreased to about two million pounds, much below the average, which for some years has been between five and seven million pounds per annum. The prices paid the growers in 1916 were relatively high, both for the BurWs in Ontario and for the Seed Leafs in Quebec. The exhaustion of tobacco stocks in the United States and resulting increases of prices in the American markets affected Canadian prices as well. From the economic point of view, the small tobacco harvest of 1916 may have! had advantageous results for Canadian growers, since the demand for native tobaccos, especially on the part of those who handle cigar tobaccos (binders and wrappers), EX PE RIME X Tl L FA R M < 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 was very active. This would indicate, to a certain extent, that an increasing number of Canadian manufacturers are endeavouring to use the native products in the place of those tobacco* formerly procured in other countries. When this habit has once been formed, and when the taste of the consumer has become accustomed to our native-grown tobacco, it should find on the Canadian market a regular demand. This is of special interest in the case of the Canadian fillers which, so far, have not been accepted freely by our manufacturers. CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM, OTTAWA. Plantation. — Plantation operations on the Central Experimental Farm were finished in good time (about the 5th of June), but growth was very slow during the whole month. Most of the varieties tested did not reach their normal development. The tobacco was slower than usual in reaching maturity, having been kept back by the cold and wet period during the first half of September. However, a liberal supply of seed was obtained, of which most was distributed in the course of the past winter. Special attention was devoted to the growing of certain tobaccos recently imported from the Philippine islands, as they may prove suitable for fillers. The first Canadian generation of one of these tobaccos, the " Espada," seem3 to have become acclimatized fairly well. Fermentation. — This work was considerably reduced on account of the small quantity of tobacco delivered from the Experimental Station at Earnham, and ! especially on account of the feeble development of the leaves, which allowed us to mark only four cases of tobacco as of sufficient length to be classed as binders. These, with two cases of fillers, were subjected to forced fermentation in a hot, damp room. All other tobaccos were fermented together in one single bulk. The latter was re-bulked twice. That in the centre of the pile, therefore, received three active fermentations. No damage was noticed, but a certain quantity of mucor developed on the driest leaves in spite of the fact that they were placed in the centre of the bulk. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, ST. JACQUES l'aCHIGAN, QUE. The seed-beds at St. Jacques l'Achigan were particularly successful, but a number of the plants were lost, as they could not be planted out when they were ready. The transplantation was postponed until the 15th of June and was then done by hand on account of the impossibility of getting on the land with machines. After an interval planting was again undertaken by machines and finished June 30, about fifteen days later than usual. Experience has shown that, in a season like 191G, it is better, after a certain date, the 15th of June for example, to plant, no matter how unfavourable conditions may be, rather than wait longer. The best tobacco grown at St. Jacques was planted by hand when the land was too wet to use the planting machine. After planting, cultiva- tion was a difficult matter, but a crop almost up to the average was obtained. A number of neighbouring tobacco growers, who waited until the beginning of July to plant, harvested only a very immature and poorly developed crop. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, FARNHAM, QUE. The tobacco plantation at Farnham suffered considerably from wet weather. The planting was late, first because the seedlings were not as good as usual, but especially because it had been impossible to get the land into good shape. The land remained wet all season, and it was impossible to get the tobacco as mature as usual before harvesting. 1G— 52 DEPARTMEK1 01 AGRICULTURE to 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Some binder tobacco was fairly successful, but tbe Marylands, and especially the Warne, a variety of bright tobacco which should be flue cured, were a complete failure. After the results from Warne in 1916 and those of preceding years, which were very unsatisfactory, it would seem clear that it is useless to attempt to grow this type of tobacco in the province of Quebec. The curing process proceeded normally, without damage from fermentation. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, HARROW, ONT. In spite of the unfavourable conditions, the crop of White Burley at Harrow in 191G was about normal, the colour being a little darker than usual. Xo definite results were obtained from the experimental work with fertilizers applied to White Burley. Better results were obtained in experimental work on the different plots of bright tobacco of the Virginia type. On the whole, the tobacco root-rot caused less damage/in Ontario in 1916 than in the present year. However, a larger number of cases of " mosaic " disease were reported. A considerable number of varieties of the Yellow Virginia type were tried at Harrow in 1915. Up to the present, the Warne has proved itself best adapted to the district, but, it may yet be found that, in a normal season, some other variety, espe- cially if grown from Canadian seed, will prove superior for special uses. The White Burleys grown in Ontario fall into two large classes — the Broad Leal and the Stand-up Burley. Each of these classes comprises several varieties. Althougl the Stand-up Burley, on account of its earliness. furnishes a greater proportion oi well-coloured leaves, most growers continue to prefer the Broad Leaf on account o: its greater weight of crop. STUDY OF TOBACCO SOILS. This work began in 1916, and is making good progress. Some fifty samples o: soils, mostly from Ontario, were collected. The analysis of these soils has been com pleted. From this work it is expected that it will be possible to make a rationa classification of the tobacco soils of Canada. The question, however, is not a simph one, on account of the intermingling of various types of soil, often within a verj limited area. In many cases, several types are found on the one farm, which make; it necessary for the Canadian grower to have a much more complete knowledge o tobacco soils than would be the case were the soil of a certain district almost uniforn in character. In certain cases, especially in the soils of Quebec, it has been possible to mak( close comparison between their physical composition and that of some well-knowi tobacco soils in the United States. It will be interesting to note the influence of tin climate on the crop growing on these soils as compared with the different types o: tobacco obtained in the United States on soils almost similar. It has been noted tha filler tobaccos (Zimmer Spanish and Aurora) gave products of finer texture thai . those of similar tobacco grown in Ohio. Unfortunately, however, it is by no mean.' certain that one can find in Canada very large areas of -soil comparing with those oi which binder tobaccos are produced in the United States. The difference of texture noted between Canadian tobacco and similar varietie; grown in Connecticut and Ohio will probably lead our tobacco manufacturers to adop processes of fermentation somewhat different from those which obtain in the Uniteq States. At the present time good progress has been made in the study of this question INSPECTION WORK. In the course of inspection work in Ontario in 1916, the officer in charge of tha work visited about one thousand tobacco growers, and discussed with them the various tobacco problems met with. A record was also made of the area devoted to tobaccol The Tobacco Division was thus enabled to make a very close computation of the pro- duction oi' tobacco in Ontario. E X PE R i M E2i TAL FARMS 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 DISEASES OF TOBACCO, SELECTION, STUDY OF VARIETIES, ETC. This work is carried on by Mr. G. C. Routt. A considerable quantity of material aas been collected, and preliminary conclusions have already been drawn from the study of certain "sick" soils in Ontario, made in collaboration with Mr. Freeman, rhese conclusions will be tested as the work is extended over larger territories. It seems certain that tobacco root-rot was especially prevalent on clayey soils in L91G. This confirms observations made in Connecticut in 1915. The season there lad been wet, and while the lighter sandy soils absorbed the water readily, the heavier land became caked and impervious to moisture. The air supply of the tobacco roots was partly cut off favouring attacks of root-rot. This indicates the necessity of frequent cultivation in wet seasons, to keep the soil open and well aerated. Although in many sickly tobacco plants examined the trouble did not appear to be saused by root-rot, it seemed only necessary to examine a plant, even of healthy appearance, to discover the bacteria of Thielavia basicola. This would seem to indicate its wide spread and the necessity of keeping the resisting powers of the tobacco plant as high as possible. As preventive measures, in addition to the disinfection of the seed beds, drainage, deep ploughing and frequent cultivation are recommended. As to selection work and study of varieties of tobacco (the latter including cross- breeding and general research work), it may be said that, in North America at least, this line of investigation has only begun. Under Canadian climatic conditions, one cannot expect from an imported variety the same product which it furnished in its native country. In the process of acclimatization, its character changes, either for the better or the worse. It is necessary, therefore, to fix certain types at the point where they are best suited to Canadian market demands, and, afterward, to endeavour to keep them at this point. DIVISION OF ECONOMIC FIBRE PRODUCTION. REPORT OF G. G. BRAMITILL, OFFICER-IN-CHARGE. During the past year a new division was organized in connection with the Experimental Farms Branch, known as the Division of Economic Fibre Production. This division has to do with the investigation of economic fibre plants in Canada, but more especially was established to study the problems connected with flax-fibre pro-* auction. At one time the growing of flax was an industry of considerable importance in western Canada, almost every little village having its flax mill. Owing to the scarcity and high price of labour, which was not compensated for by the introduction of labour-saving machinery, flax fibre could not be produced in Canada to compete with that imported from Russia. As a result, the industry declined until, in 1914, there were less than 2,000 acres devoted to this crop. The cutting off of European sup- plies has changed the whole situation, and flax for fibre once more looms up as an important crop in Canadian agricultural development. There has been established on the Central Farm at Ottawa a small, but complete, experimental flax mill. It is equipped with the most up-to-date machinery available in the flax trade, and every facility provided for a thorough study of flax retting and manipulation. The practical work is being carried out by a Belgian who has had more than twenty years' experience in flax growing, retting, and manufacturing in the famous Courtrai region of Belgium. Experiments are under way to determine what areas in Canada are suitable to flax-fibre culture; what fertilizers can be economically applied to flax; the extent to which flax reduces the fertility of the soil; what amount of seed to sow per acre; the proper stage to harvest flax; what varieties give best results; and the efficiency and 54 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 practicability of water-retting as compared with dew retting, under Canadian condi- tions. Details of the experiments are not available for this report, but it i3 hoped the results will be ready for publication another year. In the meantime, a considerable effort is being made to foster flax growing in those sections of Canada where the industry is already established. Meetings have been held in flax-producing centres to impress farmers with the importance of increas- ing the flax acreage. Owners of flax mills have been called together in convention, and ideas exchanged as to how the quality of Canadian flax may be improved. Special inducement has been given to the development of flax-pulling machinery, and every reasonable means employed to encourage the production of flax in Canada. Attention has also been given to the possibility of utilizing the fibre from the waste flax straw of the prairies. A number of uses have been found for this material, but none has been tested out on a commercial scale in Canada. The transportation costs involved in gathering a sufficient quantity of flax straw together at one point to warrant the establishment of paper or fibre-board mills is one of the greatest difficul- ties connected with a solution of this problem. The culture of hemp for fibre has also been taken up. To what extent hemp can be economically grown in Canada has not been established, but that an excellent quality of hemp fibre can be grown in many sections has been demonstrated. The experiments in connection with this plant are being watched with interest. DIVISION OF ILLUSTRATION STATIONS. REPORT OF JOHN FIXTER, SUPERVISOR. This being the second season during which the Illustration Stations have been in operation in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, results of the work carried on are now noticeable, particularly in the production of good seed. A few notes are given on the work at each Station during 1916. ILLUSTRATION STATIONS IN SASKATCHEWAN. Assiniboia. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. Percy J. H. Warren, and is situated in the southeast quarter of section 24, township 8, range 1, west of the 3rd meridian, half a mile from \he town of Assiniboia, Sask. Owing to the heavy snowfall of the winter of 1015-16, and the frequent showers in the spring, work on the land was delayed until late in April. The seed, however, was sown the first week in May, and made a very rapid, strong growth until about August 1, when rust set in and lessened both quality and quantity about 35 per cent. It is, however, gratifying to note that the well-selected seed, which had a good strong germ and was sown on well-prepared land, withstood the rust much better than many grain fields sown with ordinary seed and with ordinary cultivation. In fact, many of the latter were scarcely worth cutting. Corn sown in June on this Station was destroyed by gophers, and was ploughed under. Western rye grass, sown June 15, made a uniform growth but, it being the first season, no crop was harvested. Alfalfa, sown June 15, made a rather uneven growth on account of heavy rains which washed some of the plants out, necessitating the re-seeding of the spaces. Biggar. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is; owned and operated by Dr. S. E. Shaw, and is situated in the southeast quarter of section 32, township 35, range 1-1, west of the 3rd meridian, at the junction of twol well-travelled roads, and facing the Grand Trunk railway. EXPERIMENTS L /•'. I RM 8 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The area selected in the autumn of 1915 had grown different kinds of crops. In order to have uniformity, all of the area was summer- fallowed in 1916, to be cropped as directed in 1917. The cost per acre for summer-fallowing was $4.70. Cabri. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. F. W. Abraham, and is situated in the northeast quarter of section 19, township 19, range 18, west of the 3rd meridian, one mile from the town of Cabri, Sask. The land on this station was perfectly prepared. The grain crops, being sown in good condition, made splendid growth up to August 17, when a hail-storm did considerable damage. However, they recovered considerably from this shock but were visited by a second hail-storm, causing altogether a loss of about 75 per cent. While great damage was done to each of the rotations, it is quite noticeable that the fields which received an extra amount of cultivation show increased yields per acre. Forage crops on this farm have done excellently. Mr. Abraham was much interested in the production of pure seed, and harvested 1,519 pounds of clean seed from 2 acres of western rye grass, the fodder from which was readily eaten by the live stock. Corn made a good growth and, had the season been favourable, some of it would have ripened. Alfalfa also made an excellent growth. The first crop was harvested for fodder; the second was left for seed but, owing to the unfavourable weather, no seed was harvested, but there was a good crop of fodder. All the seed grown on this Station which could be spared in the autumn of 1915 was sold for seed. Herbert. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. Milton Holmes, and is situated in the northwest quarter of section 18, township 17, range 9, west of the 3rd meridian, bordering a well- travelled road, and one-half mile west of Herbert, Sask. The soil on the different rotation fields wa3 thoroughly prepared before seeding. Wheat sown in April and oats sown in May made a very strong, uniform growth up to about August 10, when rust appeared and damaged the crop fully 20 per cent. Frost on the night of August 10 did considerable damage, as well, to the quality and quantity of the grain crop. Hail also struck this section again on August 18 and did about 15 per cent damage. Corn sown in May made a very poor, weak growth, and was not harvested. Alfalfa and western rye grass gave good yields. The fodder was well cured, and eaten quite readily by horse3 and cattle. The grain grown on the illustration fields was thoroughly screened and, the germinating power being high, it was sold for seed, eleven farmers in the district purchasing. Kindersley. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned by the Ottawa Farm Development Company, and is operated by Halpenny Bros, for the company. It is situated in the northwest quarter of section 9, township 26, range 22, west of the 3rd meridian, adjoining a public road and quite close to the proposed Canadian Northern station. The soil on this station is a heavy clay loam. Owing to the late spring, and on account of wet and cold weather, the grain was not sown until May. However, a good seed-bed was made and the wheat and oats made a very strong, uniform growth, until August 10, when a heavy frost struck this section. Rust also appeared about August L and continued until harvest. It is estimated that fully 75 per cent damage was done to the crop. 56 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. '.9:8 Alfalfa sown in 1915 gave a very heavy crop of excellent fodder. Western rye grass was one of the heaviest crops seen in Saskatchewan. Had it been weighed it would not have been much short of 4 tons per acre. Corn did not do well on account of the late, cold spring. It was badly frosted. The wheat on this farm up to the time of being cut by frost and hail promised at least 50 bushels per acre, and the oats 100 bushels per acre. Lloydminsier. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. Hugh Hill, and is situated in the southwest quarter of section 11, township 50, range 28, west of the 3rd meridian, one-half of a mile north of the town. The area selected on this farm had been cropped several years, and was summer- fallowed in 1915. The grain was sown on a well-prepared seed bed and made a good, uniform growth up to August 10, when a heavy frost struck this section. Rust also appeared and continued until harvest. The grain crop was injured fully 75 per cent, making the grain useless for seed purposes. Fresh seed grain will be supplied this station. Alfalfa and western rye grass sown in June made an excellent, strong growth before winter set in. Maple Creek. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. Geo. Hammond, and is situated in the southwest quarter _ of section 12, township 11, range 26, west of the 3rd meridian, one mile east of the town of Maple Creek, Sask. The area selected for this station is a sandy loam, and, having been cropped sever*] seasons, the rotations were all started in 1915 and crop* harvested in 1916. Wheat and oats were both sown about April 15, and made fairly uniform growth until harvested. There was, however, considerable difference in the yields per acre. Wheat grown after wheat yielded 31 bushels per acre, costing 37.3 cents per bushel; and wheat grown after summer fallow yielded 42 bushels per acre, costing 42i cents per bushel. Oats yielded 84 bushels per acre, which cost 20.3 cents per bushel to produce. Corn, sown in June, made a rapid growth to a height of from 5 to 6 feet. Alfalfa, harvested in July and October, gave two good crops, and seed was har- vested from the second crop. Western rye grass was harvested and gave 2* tons per acre. It was well cured for fodder and winter feeding. The wheat and oats grown on this station were shown at some of the leading grain shows, and were prize winners in all case's. Moose jaw. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located i9 owned and operated by Mr. John Glassford, and is situated in the southeast quarter of section 12, township 17, range 27, west of the 2nd meridian, 2 miles west of the town of Moosejaw, and borders a well-travelled road, and can be seen from the railway. The area selected at this station had been cropped several years previous to starting the illustration work, but, unfortunately, wild oats had a very strong hold on the land. The rotation commenced on this farm was the same as on the others, but has now to be changed in order to eradicate the wild oats. It is intended to cultivate one of the fields thoroughly until August 10, then plough from 7 to 8 inches deep, pack, and sow to fall rye, at the rate of ll bushels per acre, allow the rye to ripen the following season and harvest for grain crop. As soon as the above crop is removed, the land is to be cultivated thoroughly until the last week in August, theii ploughed and packed thoroughly and again sown to fall rye, at the rate of 1 bushel per acre. Should any trace of wild oats be found then it will be summer-fallowed the third season. / EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 A second field, summer-fallowed in 1916, is to be sown with oats and harvested early for fodder, then cultivated the balance of the season. If wild oats should ! appear, a second crop of fodder will be taken off and the land summer fallowed the third season. Corn on this station has done exceptionally well, giving a large quantity of choice fodder for winter feeding. Alfalfa and rye grass sown in June made a very strong, uniform growth before winter set in. Pamhrvm. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. C. W. Appelgren, and is situated in the north half of section 21, township 11, range 11, west of the 3rd meridian, a half mile south of the town of Pambrum. The area selected for illustration purposes, with the exception of field "A," was summer-fallowed in 1915. The fallow was perfectly worked and put in good condition for sowing in 1916. The spring opened fairly early and, the land being perfectly prepared, the grain was sown on a good seed-bed. Wheat and oats made a rapid, uniform growth, but were struck hard by rust, which caused about 40 per cent damage. Frost also injured both quality and quantity. A noticeable feature on this station is that wheat grown continuously yielded only 18-bushels per acre, while that grown after summer-fallow gave a yield of 36 bushels, just double the quantity. Oats also gave a good yield. Both wheat and oats made choice seed, and a considerable part was sold for that purpose. Corn sown in June did well, and gave a heavy crop of fodder. Alfalfa and western rye grass, sown June 9, made a very strong, uniform growth, were clipped and left as a mulch, a good strong growth being left as a protection over winter. Prelate. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. Win, Huxtable, and is situated in the southwest quarter of section 15, township 22, range 25, west of the 3rd meridian, one mile north of the town of Prelate. The area selected for this station was practically new land, being a good, strong, chocolate loam, rather heavy in character. The land was all summer-fallowed in 1914 and in good condition for starting the rotations in 1915. This being the second year, the rotations show a remarkable difference in the yields. Wheat after wheat gave a yield of 20 bushels per acre, costing 49 cents per bushel, while wheat after summer-fallow yielded 40 bushels per acre, costing 38£ cents per bushel, which charge includes the previous summer-fallow, rent and machinery. The 20 bushels per acre costing 49 cents per bushel would amount to $9.80. If sold at $1.50 per bushel the amount would be $30, leaving a balance of $20.20. The 40 bushels per acre costing about 39J cents per bushel, if sold at $1.50 per bushel, would amount to $60, leaving a balance of $44.60. It is here shown that it pays to summer-fallow, and the land is kept much freer from weeds by so doing. Alfalfa and western rye grass gave good crops of excellent fodder. Radville. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is situated in the southeast quarter of section 18, township 6, range 17, west of the 2nd meridian, bordering the main highway and adjoining the town of Padville. The area selected on this farm is located on what is known as the burned-out lands. As part was cropped in 1915. it had to be summer-fallowed in 1916 in order to arrange the rotations for 1917. The soil on this station is rather uneven on account of large holes where the humus has disappeared: Several seasons must elapse before this land is uniform, unless a great deal of time and labour is spent levelling and cultivating. Wheat and oats sown fn April made a medium growth and promised to yield fair crops up to July 25, when rust set in until harvest. Hail also visited this station on 58 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 August 11, doing about 50 per cent damage. The grain on this farm also appeared to withstand the rust and storms, on account of the stronger growth, more than many- fields in the neighbourhood, and at threshing time farmers purchased for seed purposes all that was left after the operator had saved enough for his own seed. Shaunavon. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. Neil McLean, and is situated in the northeast quarter of section 18, township 8, range 18, west of the 3rd meridian, adjoining the town of Shaunavon. The season of 1916 opened fairly early, the land being thoroughly prepared. Wheat sown in April and oats early in May both made a very rapid, strong growth until the night of August 10, when 4 degrees of frost occurred in the district, doing a great deal of damage, both to quality and quantity of all grain crops. The wheat on this station stood from 3£ to 4 feet high and promised from 40 to 50 bushels per acre. The oats stood 4 feet high and promised at least 100 bushels per acre. It is gratifying to note that the injury was not as great on the station fields as on those in the district. The selected grain sown on well-prepared soil appeared to ripen more uniformly and to be nearer maturity when the frost came. Corn also made a satisfactory growth, but was cut down completely by the frost. Alfalfa and western rye grass, sown in June, made a very strong, uniform growth and were in excellent condition when winter set in. This being the first season, no crop was harvested. Weybui-n. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned by Mr. E. Meredith, and is situated in the southeast quarter of section 6, town- ship 9, range 14, west of the 2nd meridian, 3 miles north of the town on the junction of two well-travelled roads. The area chosen on this farm had been cropped several seasons, and was summer fallowed in 1915. Owing to the great depth of snow during the winter of 1915-16 and the heavy rainfall in the spring of 1916, the land could not be worked as early as desirable. However, a good seed bed was prepared and the seed well sown early in May. Fine growing weather set in, and a very strong, uniform growth was made. The wheat crop promised 40 to 50 bushels per acre, and the oats at least 100 bushels per acre. Unfortunately, rust appeared in this section about July 25, and frost August 10, lessening the yields from 40 to 50 per cent, and injuring the quality for seed purposes. Corn and roots on this farm did exceptionally well. Western rye grass sown the last of May, and alfalfa sown in June made very strong, uniform growth, and promise to give big yields. Mangels were also sown, and gave a very heavy crop of choice roots for winter feeding. ILLUSTRATION' STATIONS IN ALBERTA. Bow Island. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. M. Mortensen, and is situated in the northeast quarter of section 2, township 10, range 11, west of the 4th meridian. It is about four and a half miles south of the town, and borders the main road. The land for the different rotations on this station was well prepared, and the seed sown early in April. Growing conditions were as good as could be desired. Both wheat and oats made a rapid, strong growth until harvested. One noticeable feature in the rotations is on the field sown to wheat continuously, which gave a yield of 27 bushels per acre, costing 41 cents per bushel, while wheat grown after summer-fallow yielded 48 bushels per acre, costing 36 cents. Oats yielded S9 bushels per acre, and the cost of production per bushel was 18 cents. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Corn sown in May grew to a height of 5 feet, but no cobs formed. Alfalfa and western rye grass, sown in June, made a uniform growth, were clipped and left on the land as a mulch. Carmangay. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. J. A. Neilson, and is situated in the southwest quarter of section 14. range 23, township 14, west of the 4th meridian, 2 miles east of the town of Carmangay. The area chosen at this station is a sandy soil, and has been cropped several seasons. The field of wheat sown continuously shows a marked decrease over the summer- fallow field, yielding less than half. It may be advisable to change this rotation for two reasons, on account of weeds increasing and because of the decrease in yields. Oats made a medium growth. There was a slight attack of rust, about 2 per cent, and frost also did about 5 per cent damage. Corn made a medium growth, but no cobs formed. Alfalfa and western rye grass, sown in June, made a uniform growth and promised to give good crops next season. Empress. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. Frank Barry, and is situated in the northeast quarter of section 2S, township 22, range 1, west of the 4th meridian, five and one-half miles soutb of the town of Empress. The. area selected on this farm was in prairie sod in 1915, and was well worked for cropping in 1916. Wheat was sown in April, and made an excellent growth until harvested, yielding as high as 55 bushels per acre. Oats were an exceptionally heavy crop, standing over 5 feet high, and yielding 132 bushels per acre. The grain took first prize at the local exhibition, and all that could be spared was sold for seed in the neighbourhood. Corn sown in May made a strong, even growth, standing 5i to 6 feet high. Alfalfa and western rye grass, sown in June, made a very strong growth, and was clipped and harvested, yielding about 8 tons of fodder. A good second growth was made and left for protection over winter. Foremost. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. T. H. Frankish, and is situated in the southwest quarter of section 4, township 6, range 11, west of the 4th meridian. It borders a well- travelled road connecting Foremost and Avalon, and is about two miles from the town of Foremost. The area selected at this station is practically new land, being a good, strong chocolate loam. A summer-fallow having been well worked in 1914, the rotations were all started in 1915. Wheat continuously shows a marked decrease this season, yielding 33 bushels per acre and costing 35 cents per bushel, while the alternate wheat and summer-fallow [ rotation yielded 54 bushels per acre, costing 34 cents per bushel. Wheat in the three- year rotation yielded 50 bushels per acre, costing 30 cents per bushel. Oats made a very uniform, strong growth, yielding 85 bushels per acre, costing 10 cents per bushel. Corn, sown in May, grew to 4£ feet high, but no cobs formed. Alfalfa and western rye grass both gave average yields and made excellent fodder for both summer and winter feeding. The grain grown on this farm was an exceptionally fine sample and was selected for seed and also for exhibition purposes. GO DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Grassy Lake. — The farm at this point on -which the illustration fields are located is owned by Mr. F. N. Perry, and is situated in the southeast quarter of section 15, township 10, range 13, -west .of the 4th meridian, adjoining the town of Grassy Lake. The grain on this farm made a fairly strong growth until late in August, when a heavy storm crossed this section, flattening down some of the fields, lessening the yields 30 per cent, and making harvesting very difficult. Alfalfa sown in July also suffered by washing-out, and will have to be re-sown. Western rye grass sown in July made a uniform growth, but no crop was harvested the first season. Corn made a growth of from 6 to 7 feet in height, and some cobs were beginning to form. High River. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. B. F. Kiser, and is situated in the southeast quarter of sec- tion 5, township 19, range 28, west of the 4th meridian, adjoining the east side of the town. The area selected for this station had been cropped several years previous to selec- tion for illustration purposes. It was summer-fallowed in 1915 and cropped in 1910. Owing to considerable volunteer grain growing on the area, particularly -wild oats, it may be best to change the rotation another season to eradicate the wild oats. Wheat sown in April and oats sown in May made only a medium growth until har- vested. Frost injured these crops, doing about 5 per cent damage. Corn made a uniform growth, and grew about 5 feet high. No cobs formed, how- ever. It was injured by frost about 50 per cent before being harvested. Alfalfa and western rye grass sown in July made a uniform growth, but this being the first season, no crop was harvested, and a good, heavy growth was left for a winter covering. Jenner. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. Jerry Fisher, and is situated in the west half of section 2, township 21, range 9, west of the 4th meridian, 1 mile east of the town of Jenner, and bordering a well-travelled road. The area selected for this station was in prairie sod in 1915. It was well broken and back-set and thoroughly prepared for cropping in 1916. Wheat and oats, sown early, made a good strong growth until August 10, when rust and frost lessened the yields about 20 per cent. However, fairly good crops were har- vested, and all the surplus grain was sold for seed purposes. Western rye grass sown in May, and alfalfa sown in June, made a strong, uniform growth, but no crop was harvested the first season. Maeleod. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. Norman Grier, and is situated in section 33, township 9, range 26, west of the 4th meridian, about six miles from Maeleod, and bordering a well-travelled road leading to Calgary. The area chosen for illustration work was in prairie sod in 1915, was well broken and backset and thoroughly prepared for the different rotations in 1916. The season opened early and the grain was sown in good condition. Both wheat and oats made a rapid growth and were the first grains ready to cut in the district, escaping both frost and rust. The illustration fields became so noticeable that the operator had requests for large quantities of seed before the grain was cut. Corn did exceptionally well on this station, growing to a height of 6 feet. Alfalfa and western rye grass, sown in June, made a strong, uniform growth, but no crop was harvested the first season. A good covering was left for protection over winter. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Mag rath. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. J. A. Meldrum, and is situated in the northeast quarter of section 11, township 5, range 22, west of the 4th meridian, 3 miles south of the town of Magrath. This being the second season, the rotations have been established and a marked difference is noticeable in the yields. Wheat continuously gave a yield of 30 bushels per acre, while wheat after summer- fallow alternately gave 54 bushels per acre, wheat in the 3-year rotation gave 59 bushels per acre, and wheat after corn 51 bushels per acre. The oats also gave a heavy yield. All the grain grown on this station would make excellent seed. Corn, sown in June, made a strong, uniform growth to a height of 6 feet. Some cobs formed, but did not fill. Alfalfa and western rye grass both gave good crops of fodder and were harvested in good condition. Manyberries. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. Matti Mickelson, and is situated in the northeast quarter of section 25, township 5, range 6, west of the 4th meridian, one mile from Manyberries and about forty miles from Seven Persons railway station. The season opened up rather late in this section. Both wheat and oats were sown in May. This is the second season that grain has been grown on this station, and a marked difference is shown in the yields. The wheat on the continuous field gave a yield of 27 bushels per acre, at a cost of 40 cents per bushel, while that grown after summer-fallow yielded 4S bushels per acre, at a cost of 36 cents per bushel. Corn, sown in May, made a medium growth and was tasseled, but no cobs formed. Alfalfa and western rye grass, sown in July, made a uniform growth, but this being the first season, no crop was harvested. Milk River. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. Win. Kinder, and is situated in the southwest quarter of section 30, township 2, range 15, west of the 4th meridian, three and a half miles east cf the town of Milk Eiver. The area selected for illustration work was in prairie sod in 1915. All had to be broken and thoroughly prepared for seeding in 1916. Wheat, sown early in April, made an exceptionally rapid growth until harvested. Very slight traces of rust wTere noticed, but did no damage. The crop yielded 54 to 61 bushels per acre. Banner oats yielded 86 bushels per acre. Corn sown in May made a uniform growth, height about 5 feet, with cobs begin- ning to form. Alfalfa and western rye grass made a strong, uniform growth, were clipped during the season and left on the surface as a mulch. A good growth was also left standing as a protection over winter. Munson. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. R. R. Fraser, and is situated in the northeast quarter of section 3, township 30, range 20, west of the 4th meridian, 2 miles southeast of the town. It is on a well-travelled road, and can be seen from the town. This being the first season this station has been in operation, all of the land except field " A " was summer-fallowed. Wheat, sown on field " A " made a fair growth up until July, when visited by a hail-storm doing about 5 per cent damage. On August 10 and September 14, frost did between 50 and 60 per cent injury to the crop. The grain harvested was so shrunken that it was useless for seed. The balance of the land was summer-fallowed, costing $5.97 cents per acre. 62 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Medicine Hat. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. E. J. Hunt, and is situated in the east half of section 12, township 13, range 5, west of the 4th meridian, about six miles north of the town, and bordering a well-travelled road. Both wheat and oats were sown in good time and made a uniform growth. This being the second season, a marked difference is shown in the yields on the rotations. Wheat on the continuous cropping yielded 26 bushels per acre; on the two-year rota- tion after fallow, 44 bushels per acre; on the three-year rotation, 42 bushels per acre; and after corn, 37 bushels per acre, proving altogether to be a choice sample. P inciter Creek. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Messrs. Sandgren and Carlson, and is situated in section 15, township 6, range 20, west of the 4th meridian, 2 miles west of the town of Pincher Creek. The area on this station was summer-fallowed in 1915 and cropped as directed in 1916. The land was thoroughly prepared and the grain sown in good condition. Wheat and oats made a strong, uniform growth until July 1, when a hailstorm visited this section, doing considerable damage. The grain crop recovered some Up to August 11, when a frost reduced the quality, making it useless for seed. Corn, sown in May, was badly frozen, and had to be ploughed under. Alfalfa and western rye grass made a strong, uniform growth, and were clipped during the summer and left as a mulch. Whitla. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. R. H. Babe, and is situated in section 8, township 11, range 8, west of the 4th meridian, adjacent to the town of Whitla. The area selected was in prairie sod; in 1915 it was ploughed and thoroughly prepared for cropping in 1916. Wheat and oats sown about the middle of April made a strong, rapid growth until harvested. There was no injury by rust, smut, or hail to any of the crops on this station. The grain was harvested in good condition, and w as a choice sample for seed purposes. Wheat yielded from 41 to 46 bushels per acre, costing 41 cents per bushel to produce; and the oats, 112 bushels per acre, costing 14-8 cents per bushel to produce. Alfalfa and western rye grass made a strong, uniform growth, were clipped during the season and left on the land as a mulch. A good, strong growth was left standing as a protection over winter. ILLUSTRATION STATIONS IN QUEBEC. Aubrey. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated .by Mr. Samuel Reddick, and is situated in the county of Chateauguay, on the main travelled road between Chrysostome village and Aubrey station. The land in this section is mostly all level and of a heavy sandy loam, with a good deal of clay underlaid with a clay subsoil. The work during the season has been preparatory for a four-year rotation, to be as follows : — One-quarter in hoed crops, chiefly corn and roots; One-quarter in grain and seeded with clovers and timothy; One-quarter in clover hay, two crops the same season, whenever possible; One-quarter in hay or pasture. This rotation will be adopted on all the stations in Quebec. Owing to the cropping system previously carried on, this season's work has been mostly preparatory for the rotation. The heavy snowfall during the winter, and frequent heavy showers in spring-time, kept the land very wet and delayed seeding operations. EX PER I M L'X TA L FA RM S 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Drummondville. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields ar« located is owned and operated by Mr. Amedee Marier, and is situated in the county of Drunvmond, on the main road between Drunimondville and St. Germain. The land is a heavy, sandy loam with a clay subsoil, typical of a large area. This farm, and many others in the district, would btj greatly improved by tile drainage. Frequent showers during the whole season kept the land so wet that it was almost impossible to get the crops sown, and after sowing most of the crops were drowned out. In the autumn, good, large water furrows were made to carry off the surplus water. Many continuous crops of hay had been grown on this land, and it will take another season to get a four-year rotation established. Lac a la Tortue. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. S. T. Lupien, and is situated in the county of Champlain, on the leading road adjoining the town of Lac a la Tortue. The land is a very light and sandy subsoil, with but little humus on the surface. A regular four-year rotation is being carried on, besides five one-acre fields being sown with different leguminous crops with the object of adding humus to the soil. This being the first season, most of the work was preparatory. Nomining. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. E. Lamoureux, and is situated in the county of Labelle. on one of the leading roads adjoining the town of Nomining. The land is a very light, sandy loam, almost void of humus. Most of this area had been in hay and required ploughing and thorough cultivating before a rotation could be established. It is pro- posed to start a four-year rotation on this farm. The spring of 1916 opened up fairly early; crops of all kinds made a good growth up to about July, when it became very dry, lessening the yields per acre. Nexv Carlisle. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. E. M. Legallais, and is situated in the county of Bona- venture, on the main road between Paspebiac West, about two miles from the town of New Carlisle. The land is a red, sandy loam, rather poor in quality. Weeds have got well established, particularly the sow-thistle. Thorough cultivation will have to be adopted to eradicate the weeds, and a short" rotation, along with barnyard manure and heavy seeding of clover, to bring up the humus in the soil. Several kinds of crop had been grown on this land the previous year, and during the season of 1916 most of the work was preparatory in order to arrange for a systematic four-year rotation. The growing season opened up early and crops got a good start, but were after- wards checked by drought. Rimouski — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. Nazaire Begin, and is situated in the county of Rimouski, about one mile from the town of Rimouski. The soil is a light, sandy loam, with a streak of peaty soil in the four-year field. The subsoil is a hard clay mixed with stone, and in some places the shale rock comes quite close to the surface. The past season has been more of a preparatory one, arranging to establish both a three-year and a four-year rotation. The spring opened up fairly early, and good growing weather prevailed until about August, when it became rather dry for the balance of the season. Stanbridge East. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. Chas. S. Moore, and is situated in the county of Missisquoi, on the "main road leading to Bedford, and adjoining the town of Stanbridge East. The soil is a heavy, sandy loam, with a sandy and stony subsoil. The surface is rolling and full of moisture. Two rotations of four-year duration are to be established on this station, one on tile-drained land, the other on undrained 64 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 3 GEORGE V, A. 1918 land adjoining. The* work on this station this season was mostly preparatory, however. Clover, wherever >own, made a very strong growth. Heavy rains delayed spring work, and had this land not been tile-drained, some of it would not have been sown until very late. St. Gedeon. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. "Wilfrid Simard and is situated in the county of Lake St. John, on a well-travelled road leading to the railway station. The soil is a heavy, sandy loam, well supplied with vegetable matter, underlaid with a clay subsoil. Two rotations are planned for this station, one of three-year duration, as follows : — 1st Year. — Hoed crops and manured. 2nd Year. — Grain seeded with timothy and clovers. 3rd Year. — Clover hay, two cuts if possible. A four-year rotation is also to be established as on the Aubrey station. Owing to several kinds of crop being grown on this land for a number of years, most of the work the past season was preparatory. St. Isidore. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. Adelard Bilodeau, and is situated in the county of Dorchester, adjoining one of the leading gravel roads, about one mile from the village of St. Isidore. The soil is a heavy, sandy loam, mixed with clay underlaid with a clay subsoil. This station would be greatly improved by tile drainage. Owing to the frequent heavy7 rains and consequent wet condition of the soil, spring work was very much delayed. This being the first year, the work on this station has been preparatory for a four-year rotation. Tile drainage would improve conditions on this property. There is also a very large area in the neighbourhood which would be greatly improved if the land were tile-drained. Ste. Julie de Vercheres. — The farm at this point on which the illustration fields are located is owned and operated by Mr. Adolphe Hebert, and is situated in the county of Vercheres, adjoining the village of Ste. Julie, in a fairly thickly-populated district. The soil is a heavy lcam, with considerable clay and a clay subsoil. The land on this station is fairly level, being similar to a very large section of the neighbourhood. The work on the station during the season was preparatory for a four-year rotation. The work on the illustration stations is attracting the attention of farmers more each year. The strong, uniform growth, the early and even ripening qualities of the grain fields, with the attractive appearance of the forage crops, make farmers inquire as to varieties of grain, fodder crops, cultivation, and the system of rotation carried on. It is gratifying to note that so many farmers are availing themselves of the oppor- tunity of purchasing for seed the well-graded grain grown on the stations. EXPERIME2* TAL FARMS 65 vSESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 DIVISION OF EXTENSION AND PUBLICITY. REPORT OF W. A. LANG, OFFICER-IN-CHARGE. The work of this division was continued during the year along tba lines indicated in previous reports, namely: — (1) The display at fairs and exhibitions of an Experimental Farms exhibit. (2) The issuing and distribution of Exhibition circulars. Forty new cir- culars were brought out during the year. (3) The enlarging of the mailing lists. The total number of names on the departmental lists was increased by about 42,250 names during the year. (4) The supervision of the preparation of " Seasonable Hints.*" Nos. 4, 5, and 6 were distributed during the year to the mailing list, and 60,000 copies of each issue were sent to 3,000 branches of. the principal Canadian banks. (5) The issuing of press articles. Some forty-five of these were sent out, during the year, to the agricultural press. In the exhibition work, the plan followed was to make each branch Farm and Sta- tion a centre from which an exhibit was sent out over a circuit of fairs in the district. One hundred and thirty-two fairs were covered from the branch Farms in this way, and thirty by exhibits sent out from the Central Farm at Ottawa. The exhibits sent out, while attractively arranged and staged, were primarily of an educative character. Every effort was made, not only to interest the visitor in the exhibit itself, but to bring to his attention the work of the Experimental Farms system, and its efforts to aid the farmer. The exhibition work is evidently appreciated by the fair authorities and by the public, as is shown by the increased number of requests for the Experimental Farms exhibit. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, CHARL0TTET0WN, P.E.I. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, J. A. CLARK, B.S.A. THE SEASOX. The winter of 1915-16 was mild and open, with brief periods of cold weather near the middle of both January and February. March had an extraordinary snowfall of 66 inches. It was stormy and wintry, with a mean temperature almost as low as that of the previous months. The snow went away gradually in April. Spring work com- menced on May 8, with the first seeding at the Station on May 13. The weather con- tinued so favourable that seeding operations were completed almost two weeks earlier than for several years. June and July were good growing months. August was dry, and an average hay crop was saved, almost without damage from rain. Grain, pota- toes, and roots gave full crops, and a greater proportion than usual of garden corn and tomatoes ripened. Fruit gave a well-coloured, medium crop. The autumn pas- tures remained good, and the live stock were in excellent condition when housed. Fall ploughing, though delayed by the dry weather of September, was generally completed before winter. The winter months were favourable for getting work done, and March, 1917, has been exceptionally tine. 16—5 66 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1913 METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS, 1916-17. Total annual. Temperature, Fahrenheit. Precipitation. Maximum. Date. Deg 26 i & 26 28 21 18 1 & 2 1 9 13 Minimum. Rainfall. Snowfall. Date. Deg Days. In. Daws. In. 6 & IS 2 20 19 27 29 26 3 & 4 5 & 6 24 30 38 48 42 39 28 10 1 -21 -16 4 5 4 6 117 2-38 208 2-74 414 1- 79 202 4-22 2- 29 3- 4 1 98 2-52 1-29 30-85i 45 21 5 14 3 13 83-8 Total. In. 3- 28 208 2 74 414 1 79 2 02 4- 22 3 74 4 55 413 3 95 2 59 39-23 LIVE STOCK. Horses. — There are now on the Station three teams of draught horse? and two colts, one of the teams being pure-bred C lydesdale mares. The number of hours horse labour for the year totals 13,330. Valuing hay at $10 per ton, oats at $40 per ton, oil cake at $40, bran at $25. and roots at $4, the horses cost 43| cents per day at heavy worK. The average cost of feed per day for a 5-year-old colt was 15% cents. Dairy Cattle. — No dairy herd has yet been established at this Station, two Ayrshire cows only being kept this year. During the winter the following daily rations were fed: Dry cow, 1 pound bran. 50 pounds turnips, 18 pounds mixed hay: cow yielding IT pounds milk daily, oats 3 pounds, bran 3 pounds, oil cake 1 pound, turnips 50 pounds, mixed hay 13 pounds: cow yielding 40 pounds milk daily, cottonseed meal 1 pound, oats 5 pounds, bran 5 pounds, oil cake 2 pounds, turnips 50 pounds, mixed hay IS pounds. One cow in a lactation period of 381 days gave 8.263 pounds milk, and the other 7,026 pounds in a period of 331 days. The profit on cow No. 1 between calvingd amounted to $112.63, and on cow Xo. 2. $92.23. These records surpass those of the previous year. Steers. — Twenty steers were purchased in the autumn, and turned into good pas- ture adjoining a field of rape, to which they had access. They were dehorned before stabling, and all the steers made good gains during the following week. The average cost of the steers, including feed up to the time the experiments were started, was $6.67 per hundred pounds live weight. The total weight of the five pens at the start was 9 tons and 20 pounds. The weight at the time of the sale, after a sixteen-hour fast, was 11 tons, 979 pounds, or a gain of 2 tons 959 pounds. The average price realized at tbe auction was $10.55 per hundredweight. The average profit, after adding the total cost of feed, etc.. at current prices to the value of the cattle on November 1. was $31.09 per steer. These gains were made in 135 days. The following comparisons were made : — Beef versus Dairy Steers. — Pen I, Shorthorn steers under 2 years old. were compared with dairy grade steers in pen II, that were about 80 pounds heavier per head at the start. EXPERIMENTAL FA RM& 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 These two pens were fed as nearly alike as possible. The amount fed each pen on the days mentioned, which are taken at random during the period, shows the method of feeding which was used, namely, an abundance of succulent feed, and a gradual increase in the grain fed from the start. On November 17, each steer's share of the feed was 18} pounds of corn stover that had been run through a cutting box and allowed to warm, 60 pounds turnips, 8} pounds hay, 1 pound crushed oats and barley, and one-quarter pound bran. On January 1, each steer was fed 40 pounds mangels. 10 pounds hay, 3 J pounds crushed grain, and 2} pounds bran. The dairy steers gained 728 pounds, while the Shorthorn steers gained 1,048 pound.-;, or 320 pounds niorq, on the same feed. Heavy feeding of Roots throughout the period versus gradually decreasing the Hoots fed from the start to the finish. — Pen II were fed as described above. Pen V were fed as follows: They were started the same as the others, and on November 17 were getting the same feed. On January 1, they got 45 pounds roots, Hi pounds hay, 2i pounds crushed grain, and 2 pounds bran. On February 10, they were fed 30 pounds root*. 12i pounds hay, 3£ pounds crushed grain, and 3 pounds bran. Pen II gained, as already stated, 728 pounds, pen V gained 1,195 pounds, or 4G7 pounds more in 135 days. Lambs. — Thirty lambs were purchased in November at 9} cents per pound live weight. Experiments with different roughages were conducted. The lambs were sold at auction March 15, 1917, and brought 14J cents per pound. The average profit per lamb, over the first cost, after deducting the value of two lambs lost, and the cost of the feed at current prices, was $2.84. t POULTRY. The housing equipment consists of one permanent house 16 by 32, for 100 hens, three colony houses 10 by 12, and three colony houses 8 by 12, along with a number of small rearing coops. The birds kept are the Barred Plymouth Rock and the White Leghorn, there being 74 of the former and 125 of the latter on hand at the close of the year. A large number of eggs were sold for hatching purposes, and three incubators were run at the Station poultry plant. These were compared with natural incubation. From the incubators 61-7 per cent of fertile eggs hatched; under the hens, 77 per cent. One shipment of day-old chicks was made to Murray River, reaching its destina- tion in good shape.' The 73 Rock hens laid 120A dozen eggs, and the 125 White Leghorn hens 316 dozen, from January 1 to March 31. 1917. BEES. The bees were prevented from swarming during the summer. They produced a good crop of honey, and one strong colony was wintered in the new bee cellar. It has come through in good condition. FIELD HUSBANDRY. Rotations. — The following rotations are being tested at the Charlottetown Station: Rotation "A" (five years' duration) — First year, hoed crop; second year, grain seeded down; third year, clover hay; fourth year, timothy hay or pasture; fifth year, grain seeded down, clover ploughed under in autumn, and light dressing manure applied. The land under this rotation provides a large quantity per acre of food suitable for live stock. 16— 5 J 68 DEPARTMEN T OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Rotation "B" (five years) — First year, hoed crop; second year, grain seeded ddwn; third year, clover hay, ploughed in autumn; fourth year, grain seeded down; fifth year, clover hay or pasture, top-dressed and ploughed in autumn. This rotation is similar to " A," but is planned to control perennial weeds. Rotation "C" (four years), suitable for a stock farm — First year, hoed crop; second year, grain seeded down ; third year, clover hay ; fourth year, timothy hay or pasture. Manured in fall and ploughed for roots. Rotation "D" (three years), suitable for stock farm with abundant rough pasture — First year, hoed crop; second, grain; third, clover hay, manure and plough in fall. Rotation "G" (seven years) — First year, oats, seeded down; second year, hoed crop; third year, grain; fourth year, clover hay; fifth year, timothy hay; sixth and seventh years, pasture. This long rotation is thought to check or destroy diseases affecting hoed crops, and has been very generally followed on the island. Crop Yields. — The average yields per acre on the Experimental Farm rotations were: Wheat — Four fields gave an average yield of 25 bushels and 3 pounds. The yield was greatly reduced by two blights, one a fusarium and the other cladosporium, which did much injury to the wheat crop throughout the province. Barley — " Charlottetown No. 80," a deciduous-awned variety, produced 49 bushels and 7 pounds of barley on rotation Al, which has an area of 1 acre. Hay — The average yield from twelve fields of hay was 2 tons, 227 pounds per acre. Mangels — The average yield from three fields of mangels was 882 bushels and 21 pounds per acre. Oats — The average yield from three fields of Banner oats was 64 bushels and 4 pounds. A hot, dry period, just when the grain was filling, greatly reduced the yield of the earliest sown oats. Potatoes — A small field of Irish Cobblers gave a yield at the rate of 247 bushels per acre. One acre of Green Mountains gave a yield of 297 bushels. Cultural Experiments. — In 1916 an area was laid off into 440 plots of one-fortieth acre each for the purpose of cultural investigation work along the following lines: — j Total No. Experiment to determine best — Plots. Rotation. plots. 1 9 4 years 36 2 9 4 " 36 3 9 5 " 45 4 5 4 " 20 5 11 3 " 33 6 4 4 " 16 7 6 4 24 8 6 5 " 30 9 4 4 " 10 10 8 11 21 4 " 12 j \y4Pl 4 " 16 Averages covering a period of years wilL of course, be necessary before any reliable conclusions can be drawn. FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS. The investigational work with fertilizers was continued. One experiment is to determine the quantities and proportionate composition of a fertilizer which will yield the greatest profits. Results so far would seem to indicate that phosphoric acid EXl'i:iilMES TAL FARM 8 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 is the most important fertilizer constituent. A second experiment endeavours to ascertain the relative efficiency of different sources of nitrogen and phosphoric acid. This year's results showed that nitrate of soda was the best source for nitrogen, and a combination of acid phosphate and basic slag the best source for phosphoric acid. An experiment to determine the value of fertilizer prepared from seaweed was also carried on. CEREALS. In the uniform test plots of cereals, ten varieties of wheat were tried, with yields of from 42 bushels 26 pounds to 25 bushels 24 pounds per acre; fifteen varieties of oats, yielding from 93 bushels 20 pounds to 65 bushels 12 pounds per acre; fourteen varie- ties of barley yielding from 85 bushels 26 pounds to 32 bushels 45 pounds; and four varieties of peas with yields from 19 bushels 34 pounds to 16 bushels 49 pounds per acre. The best strains of registered seed were again multiplied on the regular rotation area. Co-Operative Test of Oats. — The five-year co-operative test of the three leading varieties of oats commonly grown in the province was completed. The average yield per acre from fifty plots of each, as tested on the ten farms, was as follows : — Banner 62 bushels 8 pounds. Old Island Black 5fi " 6 " Ligowo 55 " 8 " FORAGE CROPS. Thirteen varieties of Indian corn were tested on 1/100 acre plots. The seed was soaked in arsenate of lead before planting, which prevented any injury from birds. The yields ranged from 7 tons to 13 tons 450 pounds per acre. The crop was shocked and allowed to dry out for corn stover. Before feeding it was run through a cutting box and allowed to warm slightly in the pile. The cattle then ate it with relish. In field roots, twenty-four varieties of turnips, sixteen of mangels, six sorts of carrots, and four of sugar beets were tested. The turnips were badly injured by the white grub or larva? of the June bug, the rust fly attacked the carrots, and some gen- eral injury was done by cutworms. The yield of turnips was from 24 tons 1,000 pounds to 15 tons 1,500 pounds per acre; mangels, from 21 tons 1,550 pounds to 14 .tons 1,950 pounds; carrots, from 13 tons 950 pounds to 7 tons 950 poimdis; and sugar beets, from 15 tons 1,000 pounds to 12 tons per acre. In clovers and grasses the late spring snowstorms protected the former, but the backward spring weather retarded growth. The crop was, however, an average one. Four plots of alfalfa yielded from 2 tons 550 pounds to 2 tons 1,500 pounds per acre. HORTICULTURE. Orchards. — The young orchards of apple, plum, and cherry trees made a fair growth during the season, and bore a light crop of fruit. The young pear orchard that was moved the previous winter suffered but very slightly from the transplanting, and grew well. The old apple orchard gave a good crop of clean fruit. Small Fruits. — The small fruits gave good returns, except the currants, which were apparently injured by frost at flowering time, and later by stem borers. Vegetables. — Variety tests and cultural experiments were conducted with all the leading vegetables. The season was a most favourable one. Lawn Trees, Shrubs, and Flowers. — The numerous trees and shrubs on the lawns and along the railway front made good growth during the season, and are very attrac- 70 DEPARTMENT OF AGRT&ULTURR 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 five. The annual and perennial flowers, including the water-lilies and iris about the lily-pond, add greatly to the appearance of the Station, and attract many visitors dur- ing the summer. BUILDINGS. Two small houses were built for rearing chickens during the summer. The Station buildings are all in good condition. ADDITIONAL LAND. . Five acres of land fronting on the Mount Edward road wore leased for ten years from Judge Fitzgerald, with an option of purchase any time during the period. SALE OF SEED GRAIN", AND DISTRIBUTION" OF SEED POTATOES. The many reports received from those who purchased registered grain from the Experimental Station, in the spring of 1916, are mo3t favourable, and demonstrate conclusively that the growing of the most productive strains pays well. This was par- ticularly true in connection with Charlottetown No. 80 barley, a two-row variety that drops most of its awns in the field. One of our prominent CS.G.A. members wrote: " This is a farmer's barley.'' EXHIBITIONS. Many features were added to the Station exhibits, which made them outstand- ing in the buildings at the provincial exhibition at Charlottetown, and at the county exhibitions at Summerside and Georgetown. A special exhibit was sent to Souris. A very fine floral exhibit with special poultry and sheep husbandry features, was set up at the annual flower show of the Prince Edward Island Floral Association, August 30 and 31, 1916. The superintendent judged at the various exhibitions, at the Kinkora School Fnir, and at the principal seed fairs held in the province. SHORT COURSES AND AGRICULTURAL MEETINGS. The superintendent gave a course of lectures on " Field Crops. Tillage, and the Judging of Cereals " at a series of short courses held during the winter months, at the following centres throughout the province: Glenwood, Bridgetown, Mount Herbert, I Vernon River, Traoadie, Bonshaw, Mount Stewart, Montague, and Kensington. Much interest was taken by these communities, and many letters indicate that these courses : are a connecting link between the Experimental Station and the farmers of the prov- ince. The superintendent gave lectures on horticultural subjects, in Prince of Wales College, to the six short courses in domestic science held during the winter; and also gave demonstrations to the boys of the college on splices, knots, and the making of rope halters. The judges of the Standing Fields Competition for the province held a field conference with the superintendent in August at the Station. The superintendent was elected chairman of the Committee on Production for the National Service League of Prince Edward Island, and assisted in organizing the labour and resources of the province to produce maximum war supplies for the com- ing year. FARMERS' PICNICS, VISITORS. The farmers' picnics were again a great success. Many of the farmers' institutes arranged to come to the Station on the same day. The number of visitors recorded during the year was 6,203. /: a rum u e a t a l fa iiai a 7: SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTAL STATION, KENTVIILE, N.S. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, W. S. BLAIR. The weather during April was exceptionally dry, and some of the land was ready to be worked on the 24th; and, as May was an ideal spring month, farming operations were well advanced when that month closed. Heavy precipitation in June, when rain fell on eighteen days, made spraying difficult, and also resulted in poor weed control. Favourable weather in July allowed the hay crop to be harvested in good condition. Unusually bright weather in August was well suited to the completion of the hay harvest, but potatoes and roots suffered greatly. No frost was experienced in September, and continued warm weather in this month made harvesting conditions excellent. October was rainy, but potatoes, roots, apples, and vegetables were harvested in good condition. The early part of November was exceptionally cold, but the weather opened up a little after the 24th, thus allowing the turnip crop to be harvested and much fall ploughing done. December was not a severe month, and the mean average temperature for January was the lowest it has been for the last three years. February was about normal, and March wa3 ideal. METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS, 19KM7. Temperature F. Month. 1916. April May June July August September October November December 1917. January February,. March Total annual Mean. Precipitation. 39-81 49 07 58-3 66 04 64-9 58-93 48-97 37-5 27-83 18-85 18-335 2s •:>_'.-) Highest Lowest Rainfall. Inches. 1-85 1- 78 3-69 2- 66 0- 86 1- 74 5-38 2- 18 3- 15 2-33 2-59 1-56 29-77 Snowfall Inches. 4-9 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 00 13 13-5 160 11 14-5 72 9 Total. Inches. 2- 34 1- 78 3- 69 2- 66 0- 86 1- 74 5-38 3- 48 4- 50 3-93 3-69 301 37 06 Heaviest in 24 hrs. Inches. 1-32 0- 45 1- 45 0-88 0-49 0- 57 1- 30 105 0-80 1-20 0- 78 1- 2 Total Sunshine. LIVE STOCK. Horses. — Nine, including seven heavy and two lighter horses, are kept. Records were kept of the cost of .feeding heavy horses in summer and in winter, and also of the cost of winter-feeding idle horses. The average cost of feeding heavy horses in winter was found to be 33-6 cents per day, and in summer 45-9 cents per day, while the idle horses, receiviug no grain, were carried through the winter at a cost of 12-2 cents a day. 72 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Cattle. — There are twenty-nine head of registered Shorthorn stock on hand. Eleven registered bull calve* were sold during the year. Six of these were yearlings and five w. re sold when between 3 and 6 months old. Eight of the cows are in the Record of Performance test. The herd has made very satisfactory returns during the year, and the heifers raised give promise of being good producers. Twenty-four steers were purchased in the fall and put on a feeding test. They were dehorned in November and divided into two uniform lots of twelve each. Lot 1 was fed 60 pounds of swede turnips each per day for the first three weeks, 55 pounds each per day for the next four weeks, and 50 pounds each per day for the balance of the feeding period. Lot 2 was fed 50 pounds each per day of corn ensilage for the first three weeks, 45 pounds each per day for the next four weeks, and 40 pounds each per day for the balance of the feeding period. Both lots were fed the same amount of a meal mixture composed of 200 pounds crushed oats, 200 pounds bran, 200 pounds cottonseed meal, and 100 pounds corn meal, and 10 pounds of hay each per day . The results showed that the steers fed on turnips made an average gain of 286-16 pounds in 13-6 clays, or 2-10 pounds per day, at a cost of 10-73 cents per pound gain. The average increase in value per steer in this lot was $52.95 for the feeding period, and the profit per steer $22.23. The steers in the other lot, fed corn ensilage as a succulent, made an average gain of 304-5 pounds in 136 days, or 2-24 pounds per day, at a cost of 10-36 cents per pound gain. The average increase in value per Steer in this lot was $54.71 for the feeding period, and the profit per steer $23.14. To sum up, the steers fed corn ensilage as a succulent made greater gains at less cost, and were consequently sold at a greater profit, than those fed turnips. A comparison was made between the best six and the poorest six in each lot. The best twelve steers were sold at an average profit of $26.36, and the poorest twelve at an average profit of $19.02, a difference of $7.34. A comparison was also made between the gains during the first and second halves of the feeding period. The steers in the two lots made average gains of 185 pounds and 201 pounds, respectively, in the first half, and 101 pounds and 103 pounds in the second half, of the feeding period. A record has been kept of the cost of raising a grade steer, and this record shotwj that the cost of feed for the first year was $40.23, and for the next 330 days, $37. 54. The value of the steer at the end of that time was $104.50. POULTRY. Three breeds of poultry were carried during the year, namely, Barred Plymouth Rocks, Rhode Island Reds, and White Wyandottes, a total of 238 birds. These are accommodated in two permanent houses, seven colony houses, and two brooder houses. Three makes of incubator were tested, and out of 2,450 eggs set, 973 chickens were hatched. Of the different breeds, 22-8 per cent of the White Wyandotte eggsi were hatched, 45-8 per cent of the Plymouth Rocks, and 52-2 per cent of the Rhode Island Reds. Artificial incubation and natural incubation were compared, 309 egg^ being set under twenty-two hens; 17-5 per cent of these proved infertile, and of the remainder, 65-2 per cent were hatched. By artificial incubation, 47-4 per cent of the fertile eggs were hatched. The total number of chickens hatched was 1,064. Some 300 succumbed to an attack of pneumonia when quite young, but the remainder were raised with little loss. The winter grain ration for laying hens was made up of equal parts of oats and cracked com, except in November, when wheat also formed part of the ration. In ad- EXPES1 U i:\T.\L FARMS 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 dition to the above, a dry mash was always before the hens in hoppers. The cost to produce a dozen eggs during the winter months ranged, in the different pons, between 23 cents and 61 cents. Forty-rive birds were crate-fed for two weeks at a cost of $9.67. Each bird increased in value during that period 31 cents, the increase in weight per bird being 3 15 pounds. Ten capons were fed from November 1 to February 15, being crate fed for the last two weeks. The increase in value over cost of feed for the iirst four months of the feeding period was 21 cents per bird, and for the last two weeks 8 cents, making a total profit for the whole period of 29 cents per bird. BEES. Of the fourteen colonies wintered outside in 1915-16, only ten survived, owing to the fact that some of the colonies were weak, and the weather in February and March was unusually severe. The total production of honey for the season was small, only 24 pounds being extracted. Only one swarm was produced, and in the fall, the eleven colonies were reduced to eight by uniting some of the weaker ones. FIELD HUSBANDRY. Rotations. — No crop rotations have yet been started at this Station, but, as clear- ing proceeds, it is hoped that land may become available for this work. Crop yields — Eight acres of Longfellow corn produced a crop of 99 tons 1,837 pounds. Other small areas brought the total ensilage crop to 165 tons 1,898 pounds. Two acres used in the fertilizer experiment were sown to Victory oats, and yielded from 52 bushels to 59 bushels 9 pounds p6r acre. Three acres of Banner oats gave an average yield of 41 bushels 11 pounds per acre. The seven acres of dyked marsh was sown to oats, seeded down with 8 pounds timothy, 8 pounds red clover, and 2 pounds alsike per acre. The whole area yielded 333& bushels of oats. The total oat yield was 1,127-4 bushels. Ten acres of hay yielded at the rate of 2 tons 865 pounds per acre. Besides these crops, 32-4 bushels wheat, 31-7 bushels oats, 27-8 bushels peas, and 7 bushels vetch were grown. FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS. Fifteen acres were utilized for the purpose of carrying on investigational work with fertilizers. An experiment to determine the quantity and proportionate composi- tion of a fertilizer which will yield the greatest profit was continued for the second year on a three-year rotation. Another experiment would seem to show, so far, that nitrate of soda is slightly more effective than sulphate of ammonia as a source of nitro- gen, and that acid phosphate is the best source of phosphoric acid. Other experiments compare the value of dog-fish scrap, nitrate of soda, and sulphate of ammonia as sources of nitrogen, endeavour to determine the influence of ground limestone in addi- tion to various fertilizers, and the value of manure. The experiment with sea-weed fertilizer was also continued. CEREALS. The cereal work is carried on on land broken from green stumps in 1913-14. Three varieties of barley, two of wheat, three of oats, and two of field peas were tested in half-acre plots. Marquis wheat yielded 18 bushels 27 pounds per acre, and Red Fife 17 bushels 36 pounds per acre. Of the three varieties of barley, Charlottetown No. 80 gave higher yields than Manchurian or Canadian Thorpe, the crop being at the rate of 29 bushels 16 pounds per acre. Victory was the best variety of oats, yielding 74 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 19:8 52 bushels 1 pound.-: per acre, and Arthur proved superior to Golden Vine peas, yield- ing 34 bushels 23 pounds per acre. A comparison wa3 made between White Vetch h id Black Vetch ior seed. Th-; White Vetch was a week exrlier, and gave a better yii Id than the Black. FORAGE PLANTS. The land used for the variety tests of root3 and corn was in potatoes in 1915. In the spring of 1916, stable manure was applied at the rate of 15 ton3 per acre, and after the land had been ploughed and disced. 1,000 pounds basic slag per acre was applied and disced in. A fertilizer containing 1 per cent nitrogen and ten per cent phosphoric acid was then applied at the rate of 500 pounds per acre, and the land again harrowed and smoothed. Indian Corn. — Sixteen varieties of ensilage corn were tested, Essex Dent giving the highest yield, 16 ton3 1,200 pounds per acre. Boots. — Twenty-one varieties of swede turnips and twenty-three varieties of man- gels were planted. The turnips varied in yield from 15 tons 100 pounds to 32 tons 700 pounds per acre and the mangels from 11 tons 700 pounds to 25 tons per acre. Of the six varieties of carrots, Improved Short White gave the highest yield. 22 tons 1,650 pounds per acre, and sugar beet seed of Italian origin gave greater returns than Ontario grown or German seed. Grasses and Clovers. — Six one-twentieth acre plots of Grimm's alfalfa gave a total yield of 8 tons 310 pounds. The results with alfalfa this year would seem to indicate that this crop can be profitably grown by giving good conditions for starting the plants, and using sufficient limestone to correct soil acidity and supply the lime required for the crop. Various kinds of grasses were tested, and turnips, mangels, and carrots were grown for seed. HORTICULTURE. Fruits. — The total area in orchard fruits is 46-7 acres. The land, however, actu- ally occupied by the trees is only one-sixth of the above area, as the space not occupied by the growing trees is devoted to other crops. During the past season a space of 3 feet each side of the trees wa3 kept cultivated and free from weeds. The land outside of this was devoted to other crops. Turnips were grown in the peach and cherry orchard, peas in the plum orchard, clover and grain in the main commercial orchard, and potatoes in the orchard where fertilizer experiments are being conducted. The vegetable crops were also grown in the orchard area. By following this system, vigor- ous growth is maintained in the orchard trees and all available land, other than that actually required by the trees, is used to produce maximum crops. The total orchard fruits planted are as follows : — Varieties. Number of Trees 221 2,616 Plums - 92 367 54 ' 154 47 106 223 12 23 Total ... 487 3,489 Work was continued at the orchards located at Falmouth, Berwick, and Bridge- town. Through the experiments being conducted at these orchards, much informa- tion of permanent value is being secured. Vegetables. — A number of variety tests were conducted with different kinds of vegetables and other experiments to determine the best cultural methods for vegetables EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 were carried on. The season wu3 particularly suitable for tomatoes and corn, which made an excellent showing-. The potato work was confined to variety and cultural tests, and the yield per acre ranged in the varieties from 302 bushels to 117 bushels per acre. The Green Mountain strains ranged in yield from 313 to ISO* bushels per acre, a difference of 132A bushels, all grown under similar conditions. Seventeen lots of Irish Cobbler ranged from 235 bushels to 93 bushels per acre, a difference in favour of the best yielding of 142 bushels per acre. Seed secured in 1916 from fifteen growers of Garnet Chili yielded from 278 to 158 bushels per acre, a difference of 120 bushels per acre. The Garnet Chili seed secured in 1915 and again planted in 1916 gave crops from 212 to 68 bushels per acre, a difference of 144 bushels per acre. Ornamental Gardening. — Approximately 18 acres at the front of the farm are more or loss given up to grounds and buildings. Part of this area is in old apple trees which are growing promiscuously, and the ground is not cultivated around them. These trees have produced some very satisfactory fruit. The grounds outside of this are in lawns and ornamental shrubs, trees, and flowers. The land along the front of the farm is very sandy, consequently the plants growing on these areas 3uffer very much during dry periods. The lawns during the summer time become brown, and are not as attractive as they otherwise would be. The past season, except during the latter part of August, was exceptionally favourable, and the lawns retained their green for the greater part of the season. The shrubs and tree3 are making excellent growth, and all annual and perennial flowering plants made an excellent showing. FARM IMPROVEMENTS. Buildings. — One poultry house for 100 hens was constructed during the year, and a shed-roof building 16 feet by 40 feet was erected for the wintering of idle horses and steers. Owing to the addition of an extra pair of horses, the stable in the horse barn would not accommodate them, making the erection of this building necessary. Clearing Land. — Fifteen acres of additional land were broken up during the season, making in all 127 acres cleared since the farm started in 1911, as set forth in the following table. The expenses in connection with the clearing of the 15 acres amounted to $3,475.45, or $231.69 per acre:— Acres. New land broken to the end of 1912 55 " " in the year of 1913 17 " " " 1914 20 " " " " 1915 20 '* 1916 JL5 Total new land broken 127 Land still available for clearing 10 Front area devoted to buildings and grounds 13 Area devoted to poultry '. 2 Area for picnic grounds, etc 2 Dyked area 9 Marsh pasture area 3 Ravine pasture 5 Area in ravine which is too rough for clearing 125 Total 301 Roads and Bridges. — New roads were built at the rear of the farm, making a satisfactory automobile road to the rear fields. These roads were built of field 7G DEPARTMENT QF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 stone, covered with earth. The carriage road running through the lower part of the ravine was also improved, and four bridges crossing the brook at different places constructed, making a fairly satisfactory carriage drive. Overflow Water. — The catch basins put in last season have materially lessened the erosion usually caused by heavy rains and spring floods. By continuing this work it is hoped the usual damage from water will be overcome. Under draining. — It has not been possible to do much underdraining, although several of the fields at the rear of the farm will require that this be done. One drain of 1,000 feet of 4-inch tile was put through an area in one of the fields at the rear, and several smaller drains, totalling about 500 feet, were put in in another field. Owing to there being many boulders in the soil, underdraining in these fields is very difficult. EXHIBITIONS. Exhibitions were attended at Bridgewater, Yarmouth, and Shelburne, where dis- plays illustrating the work being done by the Experimental Farms' system were arranged. These exhibitions were well attended, and much information given to visitors as to the nature of the work being done. AGRICULTURAL MEETINGS. In addition to attending meetings of the Fruit Growers' Association and Farmers' Association of Nova Scotia, most of the winter months were taken up in attending and addressing meetings in the counties of Kings, Hants, Digby, and Annapolis. The ehort courses at Truro and Lawrencetown were attended, and addresses given. EXCURSIONS. A large farmers' picnic from the country bordering on the Dominion Atlantic railway was held during July, and many smaller excursions and picnics were held during the season. In order to give every facility possible for visitors, ample picnic grounds, with tables and a house for heating water, have been provided. EXPERIMENTAL FARM, NAPPAN. N.S. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, W. W. BA1RD, B.S.A. THE SEASON, 1916-17. During the first part of the winter of 1915-16 the weather was unsettled. The ground remained bare until well on in January. A heavy snowfall was experienced during the latter part of January, February and March, thus providing a protective covering for all crops at the period when most required. The snow disappeared gradu- ally, preventing any excessive washing or flooding of the ploughed fields. Because of light rains and high temperature during April and May, farming operations were started some thirteen days earlier than in the previous season. This was a great help to the farmers, as there was much ploughing to be done, since the exceptionally wet fall of 1915 prevented as much work being accomplished along these lines as usual. Most grain was seeded by the end of May. Vegetation made fair growth. June was less favourable for planting, having eleven rainy days recording a total precipita- EXPERIMENTAL FAItMX 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 tion of 4-74 inches. Excessive moisture in the soil during this period retarded the growth of grain; barley suffered the most. July and August were good growing months, and all crops made excellent progress. Hay was stored in first-class condi- tion, and ideal harvest weather continued during September. The season was excep- tionally good for the growth of corn ; better than for some seasons past. The temper- ature was low and the precipitation heavy for October. The rain was beneficial in softening the ground for ploughing operations. November was unfavourable for the harvesting of roots; many experienced much difficulty in getting them stored in good condition. December and January were mild, with light flurries of snow towards the end of the latter month. Heavy snowfalls were experienced in February and March. METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS, 1916-17. Month. Temperature. Precipitation. Total Sunshine. Highest Lowest Rainfall. Snowfall. Total. Inches. Inches. Inches. Hours. 1916. 57 24 1-63 5- 00 213 142-60 70 26 2-42 2-42 186-20 77 32 4-74 4-74 180-50 July 85 39 2-60 2-60 217-30 85 37 1-70 1-70 247-30 80 31 164 1-64 170-80 75 20 5-55 5-55 132-80 60 3 1-22 11 00 2-32 96 -SO 55 o 2-71 .12-00 3 91 61-60 1917. 45 -23 1-68 17 00 3-38 98-70 41 -16 1-44 14 00 2-84 122-00 56 - 7 0-90 12 00 210 ' 166-30 28-23 71-00 35-33 1,822-90 LIVE STOCK. Horses. — Thirteen horses are kept on the Nappan Farm at present, made up of ten heavy draught, including four pure-bred Clydesdale mares, and three lighter horses suitable for expreos. cultivating, light harrowing, etc. Experimental work has been commenced on the feeding of horses, while on light and on heavy work, and when idle. Data are also being gathered on the cost of rais- ing colts. Dairy Cattle. — The " grading-up " experiment has now completed its fifth year. The object of the work is to show the value of using a pure-bred sire on the average dairy stock of the country. The work so far has given satisfactory results, but has not yet been continued long enough for definite conclusions to be drawn, and the low percentage of heifer calves dropped thus far has been a drawback. The great advan- tage, if not necessity, of the proper and liberal feeding of dairy cattle has been very clearly brought out in connection with this experiment. Beef Cattle. — Owing to the general decrease in production and finishing of good beef cattle, the work in this line was increased at the Experimental Farm this year. Thirty -four steers, well-bred Shorthorns of beef type, were purchased locally in November, 191 G, at $G.G5 a hundred pounds. They were sold on March 27, 1917, at 7i DEPA RTUF.XT OF AGRICULTURE 3 GEORGE V, A. 1918 $10 a hundred. The average profit per steer for the eighty-eight days' test was $08.14; average weight at beginning, 1,052-7 pounds; at fini-h, 1,221-6 pounds; an average increase of 168-9 pounds. The plan of experiment and the comparative results obtained are shown in the following table, in which is a summary of eight lots fed. giving the main points of interest for comparison: — How Housed Steers tied in barn. Steers loose in box -stall in barn. Open Shed. Feed. Feed. Feed . Lot | Lot 1 I 2 i Lot 3 Lot 5 Lot 4 Lot 6 Lot 7 Lot 8 Roots and meal. Roots, ensilage and meal. Ensilage and meal. Roots and meal. Roots, ensilage aid meal. Ensilage and meal. Oats, meal in mixture Corn, meal in mixture Number of steer3 4 1,253 1-96 9-37 18-39 43 08 2 1,176 1-46 12- 59 13- 39 36-08 2 1,202 1-56 11-77 18-39 37-85 2 1,068 1-61 11-34 18-30 33-88 4 1,090 1-84 9-96 18-39 36-58 2 1,012 1-64 1110 18-30 32-32 9 928 1-90 9-44 1801 32 05 9 1,016 2- 158 8-51 18-37 36-93 Average weight of steer at start lb. Daily rate of gain per steer lb. Cost of one pound gain cents Cost of feed per steer per day. cents Profit per steer $ Sheep. — A flock of Shropshires is being built up at Xappan, and now consists of eighteen ewes and two rams. The lamb crop of 1916 was a fairly good one. The ewes will be kept in the flock, and the rams sold as breeders. A grade flock has also been established, with the view of carrying on a grading- up experiment., using a pure-bred Shropshire ram on the grade ewes. Su-ine. — Two breeds are kept at Xappan, namely, Berkshires and' Yorkshires, the total number on hand March 31. 1917, being fourteen. This year the Yorkshires did better than the Berkshires. In both cases, all suitable young pigs were sold for breeding purposes. Ten 1-year-old grade Yorkshire and Berkshire sows were purchased in March to start a grade herd. The stock from these will be used for experimental work in feeding, to demonstrate the use of self-feeders vs. hand feeding; also the profit to lie realized from pork production. POULTRY. The experimental work with poultry was somewhat disorganized this year owing to difficulty in obtaining a competent poultryman. The cold and backward spring made hatching and rearing very difficult. The obtaining of early-hatched pullets, so necessary to egg-production the following winter, is one of the greatest poultry problems in this district. Four breeds were kept during the past year, namely. Barred Rocks, 77; White Wyandottes, 70; White Leghorns. 57, and Rhode Island Reds, 27, a total of 231 birds. Six incubators were used, three Prairie State, two Xonpareil Tamlin, and one Cyphers. The average percentage of fertile eggs for each breed was: Barred Ro^ks, 85-7 per cent; Wyandottes, 57-9 per cent; Rhode Island Reds, 54 S per cent; and Leghorns. 84-0 per cent. In tests for winter egg production, it was found that the cost per dozen eggs was considerably lower for the pullets than for the hens in most cases. BJ PE RIMES TAL FARMS 7) SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 BEES. Rainy weather during June and July lessened the honey flow very materially, the average production per colony being only 26-14 pounds, a3 against 178-6 pounds the previous year. Fifteen strong colonies were put into the bee cellar in the fall of 1916, and a comparison of different stores for wintering was carried on, using: (1) sugar syrup only; (2) half sugar syrup and half clover honey; (3) half sugar syrup and half golden-rod honey; (4) golden-rod honey; and (5) clover honey. The hives wintered on clover honey came through in the best condition. A demonstration hive was taken to all the exhibitions and attracted much interest. < FIELD HUSBANDRY. Botuilons. — Three rotations are being operated at the Nappan Farm, namely: — Rotation "B" (five years): First year, roots, or corn; second year, grain seeded down ; third year, clover hay, fall ploughed ; fourth year, grain, seeded down ; fifth year, clover hay, ploughed in autumn. Rotation "0" (four years) : First year, roots or corn; second year, grain, seeded down; third year, clover hay; fourth year, pasture, fall ploughed. Rotation "D" (three years): First year, roots or corn; second year, grain, seeded down; third year, clover hay, ploughed in autumn. Rotations " B " or " D " are most suitable where plenty of rough pasture is available. " C " is an excellent rotation for a dairy farmer or any one keeping a large herd with insufficient pasturage. Crop Yields. — The total area in grain, including test plots, was 18 acres, of which 3 acres were in wheat, 8 in oats, 5 in mixed grain, and 2 in barley. The average yields were: 26 bushels 56 pounds. 45 bushels 18 pounds, 25 bushels 8 pounds, and 7 bushels 38 pounds, respectively. The barley was practically a failure, due to unfavourable weather conditions during the early part of the season. In roots and potatoes there were 12& acres, including test plots; 7§ acres in turnips; 3 acres in mangels; 1J acres in potatoes. The average yields were: 696 bushels 3 pounds, 476 bushels 43 pounds, 305 bushels 20 pounds, respectively. FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS. A comparison is being made between plots receiving one or two fertilizing elements and a complete fertilizer, m order to ascertain the quantity and proportionate com- position of a fertilizer which will yield the greatest profits. Another series of experi- ments seeks to discover the relative efficiency of different sources of nitrogen and phosphoric acid; different plot3 receiving different rates of nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia for the nitrogen and acid phosphate and basic slag, acid phosphate alone, basic slag alone, or bone meal for the phosphoric acid. The experiment with seaweed fertilizer was continued. Four plots to be planted to potatoes were used; two receiving manure alone, the other two manure and seaweed fertilizer. An average increase of 26-8 bushels per acre was noted on the plots receiving the application of seaweed fertilizer. CEREALS. Thirteen varieties of spring wheat were tested in duplicate plots of one-sixtieth acre each, the highest yield being obtained from Huron, 39 bushels 53 pounds; the lowest was White Fife, 22 bushels 45 pounds. In twelve varieties of barley tested, Canadian Thorpe was highest with a yield of 39 bushels 18 pounds per acre, and French Chevalier lowest with a yield of 21 bushels 12 pounds. £0 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Thirteen varieties of oats were tried. Pioneer gave the highest yield, 63 bushels 18 pounds per acre; and Daubeney the lowest, 35 bushels 10 pounds. Four varieties of buckwheat gave yields ranging from 26 bushels 32 pounds per acre for the Eye variety to 14 bushels 8 pounds for Silverhull. In six varieties of field peas, Golden Vine yielded best, 11 bushels 20 pounds per acre; and White Marrowfat lowest, 4 bushels. Field Crops of Seed Grain. — Fourteen acres were sown in acre and two-acre lot* of wheat, oats and barley, for seed grain. The barley was almost a failure, due to excessive moisture. The wheat yielded from 28 bushels 48 pounds to 23 bushels 10 pounds per acre; the oats from 54 bushels 27 pounds to 37 bushels 18 pounds per acre. The greater portion of the seed obtained was thoroughly cleaned by use of the fanning mill and hand-picking, and was sold in limited quantities to farmers desiring a pnre strain of selected seed. FORAGE PLANTS. Fifteen varieties of Indian corn were sown in duplicate plots of one one-hundredth acre each. The highest yield was obtained from Salzer's North Dakota, 21 tons 1.000 pounds; and the lowest from Free Press, 11 tons 750 pounds. Over a period of five years, the Longfellow variety, with an average yield of 14 tons 1,559 pounds, has proven as reliable a variety for the Xappan district as any so far tested. Anion™ twenty varieties of turnips, Best of All gave the highest yield, 30 tons 1,150 pounds per acre; and Lapland the lowest, 22 tons 500 pounds. Sixteen varieties of mangels ranged in yield from 12 tons 1,000 pounds for Yellow Leviathan to 6 tons 1,700 pounds for Golden Tankard. Six varieties of carrots were tested, the highest yield being obtained from Improved Short White, 17 tons 450 pounds; and the lowest from Orange Giant, 14 tons G50 pounds. Three varieties of sugar beets yielded 5 tons 1.650 pounds, 5 tons 600 pounds, and; 4 tons 750 pounds, respectively. An experiment was begun to ascertain the possibility and profit of producing field-root seed. A quantity of turnips and mangels was selected in the fall of 1915 and stored in pits for the winter. The loss through decay was almost negligible. The roots were planted out June 5 and 6. During the season the planta- tion was injured by sheep breaking in. so no data as to yield are available, but the possibility of producing good-quality seed was established. Imported seed of mangels and turnips was tested against Canadian-grown seed of the same varieties. The latter gave better yields in all cases. This test will be continued to get the results of several years' tests. Grasses and clovers. — Three rows of Grimm's alfalfa were sown June 16. Growth was good throughout the season, but it winter-killed about 75 per cent. HORTICULTURE. Fruits. — Tree fruits were somewhat below the average, and much more scab was in evidence, owing to weather conditions having interfered with spraying. Small fruits gave fair returns. Vegetables. — In addition to the tests of varieties carried on each year, the work of endeavouring to improve the strain of a few of the best varieties of potatoes was continued, the same sorts as in previous years being used, namely, Irish Cobbler, Carman ISo. 1, Wee McGregor, Empire State, Eawlings Eidney and Green Moun- tain. A marked improvement is being noticed, the yields from the selected seed being considerably heavier than from the unselected. El I' Kill MLS TAL FARMS 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Ornamental gardening. — The ornamental trees and shrubs made very good growth. The eighteen hedges of different kinds did well, and are now excellent speci- mens. The common spruce hedge is undoubtedly a beautiful one, and can be planted at little cost. Nothing adds more to the appearance of the farm home than a well-kept hedge. The new perennial border was so arranged that the annuals are intermixed with the perennials, giving a continuous and attractive bloom from early spring to late fall. FARM IMPROVEMENTS. Buildings. — The old sheep barn was remodelled into an up-to-date bull-and-ealf barn, the Rutherford system of ventilation being installed, and more light arranged for. The building is 32 by 63 feet. The old, loose stone wall was replaced by a good cement foundation. Inside, the building was divided into halves with a 5-foot passage through the centre, a floor of cement laid on a good founda- tion of 6 inches of stone, and the walls and ceiling sheathed with i-inch matched lumber. On the north side, six bull box-stalls were strongly built of 2-inch dressed lumber, with grated fronts and doors opening to the north into the yard, which will later be fenced in specially for bulls. Five of the box stalls are 9 feet 2 inches by 12 feet, and one is 15 feet 2 inches by 13 feet. Partitions between pens are 7 feet high ; windows 2 feet by 2 feet light each pen. On the south are six calf pens, 9 feet 2 inches by 11 feet 6 inches, with partitions 4 feet 6 inches high between. The fronts of pens are finished with calf-pen stan- chions. Light is admitted through large windows on the south, thus making ideal pens for young calves. The building has been rewired for electric lights and painted on the outside to match the rest of the stables. This adds greatly to the general appearance of the stables. A rough shed for feeding steers was erected on the hillside just east of the main barn, 20 feet by 40 feet south. This shed has 7-foot posts in front and 5-foot posts at the back. It was single boarded, battened, and divided into two pens, 20 feet by 20 feet each, by a plank partition. A long trough was built at the back running the full length of the shed, with a shutter opening in from the north side for feeding stock. The roof wa9 single boarded, covered with paroid roofing. One window 2 feet by 3 feet lights each pen from the south. Doors 4 feet by 6 feet 6 inches open into the yard on the south. Electric Light System. — The system was installed in 1914, and was this year extended up to the new sheep barn, making it much more convenient for looking after the stock. The new bull and calf barn was rewired to suit the remodelling of the building. Fencing. — All line fences, which have been up for some twenty years, were gone over and repaired. Around the wood lot a roadway of 20 feet was cut out in the winter and spring of 1917 to make way for the erection of a new fence, as the old one had outlived its usefulness. Over 8,000 poles were cut and hauled to place during the winter. Clearing New Land. — The clearing of new land by prisoners of war was con- tinued during the year, the work starting on the 25th day of April and proceeding throughout the season, as the weather permitted, until the 19th of January. Some 35 acres were chopped out of forest. The brush was piled and burned before stumping started. All timber cut was manufactured into wood and props. A total of 41 acres was stumped, piled, and levelled with pick and shovel, making it ready for the plough. 10— G 82 DEP1R Til EX T OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 This ground was very much more difficult to plough than was the first 26 acres, as the stumps were much larger, ranging in size from 3 inches to 36 inche9 in diameter, were mostly of hemlock, hardwood, spruce, and fir, and were very numerous. Two kinds of stumping machine were used, the Improved Logan stumper and the Kirstia one-man stumper. The latter machine gave us better satisfaction for all stumps up to 12 inches. The former has the greatest power, but will not stand the wear and tear so well and, consequently, it costs more to keep it in repair. Water System. — The new system laid last year is giving great satisfaction, and has plenty of force. The line branching off from the main pipe to the watering trough in the yard was changed, being run out into the centre of the yard instead of up against the side as it was previously. Here a circular cement trough was built, with an overflow pipe into the drain in the ravine. An underground shut-off was put in the water line in order to prevent freezing during cold weather. Barnyard. — The old barnyard was cut down about a foot deeper, and the earth thus removed was wheeled over to a ravine just east of the yard, which was some 5 to 6 feet deep. In the ravine a large 13-inch drain was built, mostly of cement tile, making a good drain to carry all surface water from the yards and fields above. Then the ravine was filled level with the main barnyard. Two 6-inch tile drains were laid from the main barn to the large drain in the ravine. This carried off all surplus water from the buildings. Along in front of the cow stable the large stone taken from the wall of the old sheep barn was laid, making a solid stone walk 8 feet wide along the entire front of the stable. The remainder of the yard will be stoned and gravelled next season, thus making a clean yard for the dairy stock, which will be a great improvement over the old yard that was frequently very muddy. Eoadmal-ing. — A3 much time as could be spared from farm work was given to' improving the public highway north and south of the Farm, more especially with the use of a split-log drag. Likewise the main driveways of the Farm were kept in good condition throughout the year. The main driveway which runs east and west through the centre of the Farm was straightened out and made 20 feet wide back to the second brook, making a good road for either wagons or autos, and a good cement culvert was made over the first ravine, enabling the road to be graded up some 3 feet higher. This road will be continued to the newly cleared area next season. MEETING Si ATTENDED. During the year the superintendent attended and gave addresses at the following agricultural meetings : Nappan school, June 21 ; Cumberland County farmers's picnic held at the Farm, July 19; visited seaweed experiments throughout Cumberland County; August 15; visited flax fields in Pictou County, August 2S-29; judged field crops in Cumberland County, September 1 and 2; Halifax exhibition, September 21: judging school gardens, Little Kiver, Mansfield, and Leicester, September 25; Stew* iacke exhibition, September 27 and 28; Port Elgin exhibition, October 3 and 4;" Sackville exhibition, October 11 ; Apple show in St. John, November 1 ; judging at Xappan school exhibition, November 10; Agricultural meeting at Southampton, December 1 : Moncton poultry show, December 11-15; Potato show at Woodstock, December 26-28; Truro short course. January 8; Kings County farmers'' rally at Kentville, January 10; Nova Scotia Farmers' Association at Amherst, January 23-26; New Brunswick Farmers' and Dairymen's Association at Fredericton, January 29 to February 2 ; Short course at Sussex, February 5-7 ; Short course at Woodstock. March 12-15; Chatham short course, March 19-22. EXPERIMENTAL FA RMS B3 SESSIONAL PAPFR No. 16 EXHIBITIONS. An exhibit of farm produce grown at Nappan, also of model, etc., was staged at Halifax, September 13-21; Antigonish, September 19-20; Stewiacke, September 25-27; Sydney, October 3-6; Arichat, October 10-11; Port Elgin, October 3-4. Arrangements were made to put one up at Musquodoboit and Guysborough, but owing to the delay of exhibit by rail it arrived too late at the latter places. EXCURSIONS AND VISITORS. Five excursions were held at the Farm during the season; a great many small parties also visited the Farm. The approximate number of visitors during the year was 2,350. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, FEEDE2ICT0N, N.B. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, W. W. HUBBARD. THE SEASON. After a very mild November and December in 1915, with a heavy rainfall in the latter month, and about two inches of snow on the ground after the 9th, January fol- lowed with continued mild weather and only about five inches of snowfall. The fields, in fact, were practically bare, and there was just enough ice on the roads to make pass- able sleighing. February, however, was colder than the average, with a snowfall of 25-8 inches. Thawing weather took off most of it, and the end of the month saw many bare spots in the fields, with more or less ice over considerable areas. March was a cold month, the mean temperature of 19 • S degrees being 6 degrees below the average. The snowfall was 18-8 inches, with no rain whatever. The ground was thus well protected until, on the 28th of the month, a warm wave took off every vestige of snow. Fortunately, April was cloudy with no severe frost or hot sun to kill the exposed roots. It was also the driest April on record, and there wr.3 practically no start in vegetation until May. May was also dry, with a mean temperature of 50-2 degree? and only three slight frosts in the early part of the month. There seemed to be an abundance of moisture in the land, however, and growth was good. The first half of June also gave favourable weather, though more sun and heat would have given more rapid growth, but the latter half brought a deluge, the rainfall being 6-12 inches in thirteen days, and more or less crop was damaged by flooding and washing. Turnip seeding that would otherwise have been finished by the 20th June had to go over into July. This latter month brought very favourable weather, with precipitation and temperature slightly above the average. August, with a mean temperature of 66-1 degrees, was 3-1 degrees warmer than the average and, with only 1-59 inches precipitation, had less than half the average rain- fall. September followed warm and dry, and October, while comparatively cool, was a most favourable month for harvesting and farm work generally. So far. therefore, as weather conditions went, the season was. on the whole, very favourable for crop produc- tion. Clovers and grasses came through with very little winter-killing, and started strong. August and September were rather warm for the best growth and develop- ment of potatoes and root crops, though unusually favourable for corn. 10— 6 J 84 DEPARTMENT OF AGRIOVLTl RE METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS, 1916-17. 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Month. 1916. April May June July August September. October. . . November . December. 1917. January . . February March Temperature F. Highest. Lowest 64 76 81 93-5 92-5 81-5 80 64 45 34 38-5 47 19 30- 37 40 40 33- 22 -4 -10 -22-5 -19 - 5 Precipita- tion. Total for year. Inches. 1 41 2- 91 612 3- 96 1- 59 2- 95 3- 6 2-52 302 401 2-9 2-27 37-26 1,846-6 LIVE STOCK. Horses. — Ten draught mares, tvrc geldings, and two general-purpose mares have been kept busy on the Station work all through the year, with the exception of the geldings which were laid off from December 1 until March 31. One of these, at a food cost of $10.30, from January 1 to March 31, lost 110 pounds in weight. The other, at a food cost of $9.35 for the period, lost only 35 pounds in weight. The cost per horse for feed while at hard work during the period December 1 to March 31, was $32.50. The average daily ration was 9-9 pounds grain, 18 pounds hay, and 3 pounds roots. Two colts, a grade Clyde gelding and a grade Percheron filly, have been raised to three years old and a weight of 1.400 pounds at a food cost of $96.95 each. They are thoroughly broken, and are worth, on the present market, from $200 t» $225 each. Dairy Cattle. — The three pure-bred herds of Shorthorns, Ayrshires, and Hol- steins are gradually increasing, and the grade herd as the young half-bred grade heifers are coming on. is being reduced. Every individual in the grade milking herd made a profit last year over cost of feed, the variation being from $69.29 down to $26.08, milk all made into butter, which sold at 35 cents per pound, and no credit given for calf. • Beef Cattle. — Thirty steers were bought in September and October at a cost of 6 17 cents per pound. They were sold on March 17 at 9-5 cents per pound. It wa9 found more profitable to feed 4 pounds of grain per day than 6 pounds, and ensilage alone during the latter part of the feeding period gave greater gains than roots and ensilage combined. A substantial profit was made this year in the feeding operations. A feeding test, duplicated, with four lots of calves in each test, was conducted to determine the cost of rearing calves. On new milk a pound of gain cost 13-2 cents; on skim-milk and a home-mixed grain ration added, a pound of gain cost 6-7 cents; on calf meal and water, a pound of gain cost 14-8 cents; and on calf meal and skim- milk, a pound of gain cost S-9 cents. EX 1'E lil M EX TA L FA UM S 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Sheep. — The flock of Shropshire sheep has done very well. They went into winter quarters very fat after fall feeding on rape, received a small grain ration after January 1, and began to drop lambs in February. At six weeks old the lambs are weighing from |0 to 50 pounds each. POULTRY. The stock kept includes 80 Barred Rocks, 101 Rhode Island Reds, 90 White Leg- horns, and 78 White Wyandottes. The number of eggs laid during the year was 28,050. Breeding pens made up from the best laying pullets were mated to cockerels imported from the leading breeders in the respective breeds. The chicks raised numbered 1,589 from 2,432 eggs set. Early hatched pullets began laying in November. BEES. Three colonies of bees came out of winter quarters, and two swarms were taken off, and 38 pounds of honey removed. These five colonies were well fed with syrup in Sep- tember to bring the weight of the hive up to about 80 pounds, and then packed in planer shavings inside the winter cases. Four colonies are alive this spring. FIELD HUSBANDRY. Owing to preliminary work, such as clearing, draining, breaking land, fencing, etc., being necessary, regular work with rotations and field cultural experiments has not yet been begun at Fredericton. Seventy-three acres were in grain and roots in 1916, and 38 acres in hay. The latter yielded at the rate of 2 tons 58 pounds per acre. One and one-quarter acres were sown to a mixture of peas, oats, and barley, and the crop cut green and fed to the cattle in the stable. Fifty acres were seeded to oats; part of it was rough, newly-broken land where, on account of late seeding and the impossibility of getting a good seed-bed, the yield was only 15 bushels per acre. On well-cultivated land the yield was slightly over 50 bushels. The seed sown on the area was 185J bushels, and the total yield 1,667^ bushels. Arthur peas yielded 26 bushels per acre. The yield of swede turnips averaged 520 bushels per acre, and the white turnips 923 bushels per acre. Four thousand pounds waste lime applied to 1 acre gave an increased yield over the un-limed acre beside it of 113 bushels. Many varieties of turnips and mangels were tested in plots. The highest yield for swede turnips was 47 tons 640 pounds per acre from home-grown Kangaroo seed, and the average of twenty-three varieties was 33 tons 200 pounds per acre. The yield of twenty-three varieties of mangels averaged 28 tons 180 pounds per acre, and the highest yield was 41 tons 400 pounds per acre from Ottawa-grown Yellow Intermediate seed. Twelve and three-quarter acres of Indian corn gave a weight, when freshly cut, of 15 tons 818 pounds forage per acre. When hauled to the silo after several dry days, the weight was 10 tons 1,513 pounds per acre. Peas, oats and vetches gave 10 tons 1,500 pounds per acre of green feed. The crop from 4 acres was put in the silo and fed out during August, September and October. FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS. One hundred and twenty plots of one-twentieth acre each were under fertilizer experiments. In one series where the three-year rotation was completed, it was found, among other data, that where 500 pounds of complete fertilizer per acre was used there was a greater net profit than where 1,000 pounds was used. 83 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 In field work, experiments both with fertilizer and with lime were made on corn' and turnips. With 900 pounds 4-10 fertilizer per acre on corn for silage, an increase of 4 tons 992 pounds per acre was obtained, not quite sufficient, however, to pay tbe whole cost of fertilizer. Dried and ground seaweed at the rate of 1,500 pounds per acre gave an increase of 52 bushels and 40 pounds of potatoes when used with 1,000 pounds of 4-10 fertilizer; when used with 18 tons stable manure per acre the increase was 10 bushels and 40 pounds. The addition of 4,00u pounds lime per acre on turnips gave an increased yield of 113 bushels. On other crops, on plot experiments, and even on alfalfa, lime gave negative results. These results are, of course, not conclusive, and the work must be continued for a series of years before reliable results may be hoped for. CEREALS. Five varieties of wheat were tested. Early Red Fife gave the highest yield. IS bushels 45 pounds; and Red Fife the lowest, 12 bushels 8 pounds. Early Chevalier gave the best yield among the five varieties of barley tried, 24 bushels 3 pounds per acre; and Manchurian the lowest, 6 bushels 42 pounds. Of five varieties of oats, Banner yielded best, 36 bushels 22 pounds; and Daubeney lowest, 28 bushels 23 pounds per acre. Of five varieties of peas, White Marrowfat, the highest, gave a return of 15 bushels 30 pounds per acre; and Brittany, the lowest, 8 bushels. FORAGE CROPS. Ten varieties of flint corn, eight of dent, and three of sweet corn were tested. Additional plots of Quebec Yellow, Free Press, and Canada Yellow were grown from seed ripened at this Station in 1915. The yield of ensilage per acre in tons varied from 14-38 tons for Yellow Flint (unnamed) to 2-38 tons for Bear Island Flint. The highest percentages of ripened ears, 64-9, was given by Free Press, the lowest by King Philip, none. In the dent, or ensilage varieties, Golden Glow gave the highest yield, 15-8 tons per acre, and Northwestern Dent the lowest, 8-9 tons, of ensilage. The three varieties of sweet corn tried, Brannan Sweet, Golden Bantam, and Fordhook, all ripened fair crops. Twenty-three varieties and strains of turnips yielded well in all cases, the highest being Kangaroo (Fredericton seed), with a yield of 47 tons 650 pounds per acre, and the lowest, Canadian Gem. 26 tons 700 pounds. In twenty-two varieties and strains of mangels tested, Yellow Intermediate (Ottawa seed) gave the highest yield, 41 tons 400 pounds per acre, and Danish Slud- strup (commercial seed) the lowest, 21 tons 250 pounds. Three varieties of sugar beet gave an average yield of 16 tons 1.333 pounds per acre. Among six varieties of carrots grown, Ontario Champion, the highest, gave a yield of 28 tons 500 pounds, and Orange Giant, the lowest, 16 tons 1,600 pounds. In the forty-five plots of clovers and grasses, there was considerable winter-killing, especially of meadow fescue, sheeps' fescue, perennial rye grass, and red clover. Alfalfa also winter-killed badly. The value of alfalfa for this district has not yet been proved. Growing Turnip Seed. — In the autumn of 1915, four thousand roots of the Invicta variety of swede turnips were packed in a cellar with sand, care having been taken not to injure the crown of the turnip nor to remove any of the roots. While the outside of this pile of roots kept well, it was found in the spring that the roots in the interior had spoiled; consequently, only about 10 per cent of the EXPERIM 7.1 L FARM 8 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 number stored were fit to plant, and these did not all ffrow. A very good quality of seed was obtained, and in the autumn of 1016 roots from the same variety were stored in crates holding six bushels each. These have apparently kept perfectly, and will !><• planted for seed production. HORTICULTURE. Fruits. — There are now 872 trees in the young orchards, namely, 651 apple, 125 pear. 72 cherry, and 24 plum trees. In the commercial orchard, 30 trees were adde I during the year. Winter-killing has so*far been severe, 25-17 per cent of the original orchard trees planted having been killed since 1914. The crop in the old apple orchard was light, but of fair quality. In small fruits, all varieties did well. Thirty-one sorts of currants, eighteen of gooseberries, eleven of raspberries, and twenty-one of strawberries were under test Vegetables. — Variety tests were carried on with asparagus, beans, beets, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, celery, corn, cucumbers, lettuce, muskmelon, onions, parsnips, peas, radish, squash, tomatoes, and potatoes. Beans were badly attacked by anthracnose, and cauliflower by bacterial soft rot. With these exceptions, all vegetables did well. Eight and one-half acres of potatoes were grown, all but 1 acre being devoted to varietal, cultural, pathological, or spraying tests. The remaining acre was handled commercially to get data on cost of production. The total cost for the acre was $89.02, including seed, rent, cultural operations, and depreciation of machinery. The yield was 330 bushels of marketable potatoes and 16A bushels cull. The total value of the crop, at market prices at harvesting time, was $333, and the profit $243.98. One hundred and sixteen varieties and strains of potatoes were under test. Work in selection of seed was carried on, also cultural tests such as planting at different distances apart, level vs. hill planting, number of eyes to a set, spraying mixtures, etc. Ornamental Gardening. — Groups of trees and shrubs were set out on the grounds in the fall of 1915. These wintered well. The perennial borders bloomed freely, as did the annuals. The specimen hedges planted in 1915 made excellent growth. FARM IMPROVEMENTS. Buildings. — The pumping station, burned in 1915, was replaced by a concrete building, covering the old site with an ell added to include the new well. Concrete blocks, 4 inches thick, were used, placed to leave a dead-air space of 3 inches. It was aimed to make this building as nearly fire-proof as possible, so the roof was covered with asbestos slate shingles. The total cost was $3,648.36, including repairs to pneu- matic tank and necessary shafting, belting, piping, etc., for power plant. A concrete foundation was placed around the weigh scales, and a house built upon it with boarded and battened walls and steel roof, at a total cost of $228 52. A colony poultry house 8 feet wide by 19 feet long, and a poultry feed storehouse 12 feet wide by 18 feet long, were also built at an approximate cost of $150. Fencing and draining. — No permanent fencing was undertaken during the year. Temporary fencing with both woven wire and barbed wire to keep the stock back as- new land was being cleared, did not involve much expenditure, as outside of a few stretching po3ts only light stakes driven with a maul, were used. Drainage was proceeded with where most needed. One thousand rods of drains were made, of which 760 rods were laid with tile, 166 rods with stone, and 74 rods of open drains. The removal of the sides of 60 rods of open ditching was done with team and scraper to form a swale for surface drainage. Wherever possible the underdrains 88 DEPARTMEN1 or AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 were tilled by horses and scraper. The total expenditure for all this work was: for labour. $1,744.84 ; and for tile. $328. Besides the above, 6 acres of newly broken land, when ploughed the second time, was thrown up into 30-foot ridges, and the dead furrows cleaned out to give surface drainage. Clearing land. — Stumps were removed from 10 acres, a portion of them burned, and this part well ploughed. Boulders were blown out, broken up, and removed from land previously stumped and cropped. Over one hundred tons per acre of stone were taken off one area of C acres, and used to make a driveway across a gulch. A half- mile of road-sides was cleared of stumps and boulders, the land smoothed and seeded. The total expenditure on this work was: for labour. $1,<15.95; and for stumping powder, $305.98. Roadmaking and grading. — Some progress was made in preparing the land for lawns and in laying stone foundations for roads through the lawns. Stones and boulders were removed, where necessary, from the 6 acres under preparation, and those that could be broken were placed along the road lines; the other stones were taken to the river bank. The road lines were scraped out to a depth of 15 inches and a width of 15 feet. Stones were placed in these sufficient to give a broken-stone found- ation at least 1 foot in depth. Some ditches were cleaned out along highways crossing the Station property, and grading Mas done both on the highways and on some of the farm roads. EXHIBITIONS. As no fall exhibitions were held in the larger centres in New Brunswick, the Ex- perimental Farms' exhibit was not sent out over a circuit of fairs. An exhibit of fruit, potatoes, and seed corn was made in November at the New Brunswick Fruit Growers' Association display at St. John, and a showing of potatoes, seed corn, and seed grain was made at the New Brunswick Fotato Growers' Association Exhibit at Woodstock in December. In January at the Provincial Seed Fair at Fredericton, an exhibit of potatoes, corn, and grain was made by the Experimental Station. At all the above fairs, literature was distributed and names taken for the mailing list. SHORT COURSES AND MEETINGS. The superintendent acted as instructor in Animal Husbandry, and some crop- growing subjects at the Short Courses held at Woodstock, Sussex, and Chatham during the winter, and addressed the Potato Growers' Convention at Woodstock in December, as well as attending meetings in conjunction with Prof. J. W. Mitchell of the Provin- cial Agricultural Department at New Denmark, Andover, Centreville, Hartland, Bathurst, Nappan, and Doaktown. EXCURSIONS. Three excursions came to the Station during the year. On the 23rd August the Farmers* and Dairymen's Association of New Brunswick arranged for a summer meet- ing here, and between twelve and thirteen hundred people came. Arrangements were made to give all, who wished it, a mid-day lunch, and addresses were given by the Director, the Dominion Animal Husbandman, the President of the Farmers' and Dairy- men's Association, and the Superintendent of the Station. In September, between three and four hundred Normal School students visited the Station, and in February three hundred and fifty members of the Farmers' and Dairymen's Association, attending their annual meeting in Fredericton, spent a day at the Station to take live-stock judging work, when a mid-day meal was provided for them, and in addition to the judging work, addresses were given by Messrs. E. S. Archibald, W. W. Baird, G. C. Cunningham, and the superintendent. EXPERIME3 TAL FARMS B9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTAL STATION, STE. ANNE DE LA POCATIERE, QUE. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, JOS, BEGIN. The winter of 1915-16 was colder than the average, with a somewhat lighten? snowfall. The snow disappeared early in March. April was dry and cool with high winds, which dried the soil sufficiently to permit of seeding commencing on the 27th. (iood seeding weather continued until May 10, hut the weather then turned cool, with frequent rains, and continued so during the rest of May and most of June. Seeding was consequently delayed and growth slow until towards the end of June. July and August were extremely dry, while the next two months were very wet No damaging frost was recorded from May 1 to September 20, which is unusual for this district. Hay was a good crop; other crop yields were lessened by the dry weather of July and August. Potatoes were especially affected. Considerable fall ploughing was done in September and October, in spite of the dry condition of the soil. Snowfall in 1916-17 has been abundant, and the soil has been well protected. Tempei ature F. Precipita- Sunsh ir.e. tion. Month. Date. Maximum Date. Minimum Inches. Hours. 1916 25 61-2 3 18-4 0-94 2181 May 29 77-4 3 30- 0 3-47 186-2 14 810 2 39-4 5- 18 170-4 July : 25 91-7 3 53 0 189 286-4 21 92-4 6 43 0 0-75 237- 1 9 89-4 18 35-2 307 143-6 4 73-2 12 22-2 5-66 125-2 9 59-2 24 - 1-1 2-43 64-2 3 44-8 31 -14-7 4-32 71-5 1917 38-6 -28-2 3-10 278-0 34-4 -190 2-40 288-0 March 44-6 8-2 3-88 370- 0 Totals 37 09 2,438-7 LIVE-STOCK. Horses. — The five teams of draught horses were kept constantly employed on farm work, clearing land, hauling stone, and gravelling roads. A driver is also kept for light work, carrying mail, etc. An experiment in the cheap wintering of horses was carried on. Cattle. — The herd number sixty head in all, partly pure-bred Ayrshires and the best Ayrshire grades. Sheep. — A pure-bred flock of Shropshires is kept, and also a flock of common ewes, which are being used in a grading-up experiment. The flock was cheaply win- tered, being fed almost entirely on hay, oat straw, and roots; very little grain was 90 DEPARTMEN1 OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 given until near lambing- time, when a little bran and oats were fed and the rootsi reduced. The lamb crop has been a good one so far, eighteen ewes having dropped twenty-nine vigorous lambs. Sii-tne. — The Yorkshire is the breed kept, and the bacon hog is the type aimed at. POULTRY. Work with poultry was commenced with 100 Wyandottes. The flock has now been increased to 200. Incubation results last spring were fair. BEES. The apiary consists of thirty-five hives of common bees and Italians. Exper- imental work is carried on in wintering inside and outside; fall and spring feeding, increasing honey production, and preventing swarming. The average yield of honey per colony was 120 pounds, with a highest yield of 272 pounds and a lowest of 63 pounds. FIELD HUSBANDRY. Rotations. — Three rotations are being tried at the Ste. Anne Station : — Rotation "D" (three years). First year, hoed crop; second year, grain, seeded down ; third year, clover hay, two cuttings if possible. Rotation "C" (four years): First year, hoed crop; second year, grain, seeded down; third year, clover hay, two cuttings if possible; fourth year, mixed hay; land ploughed in August, well cultivated and ridged up in fall. Rotation "A" (five years): First year, hoed crop; second year, grain, seeded down : third year, clover hay, two cuttings if possible ; fourth year, mixed hay or pas- ture; fifth year, grain, seeded down. Clover allowed to stand until next spring, when it is ploughed under in preparation for roots. Crop yields. — The yields in 1916 from field lots of grain, Indian corn, hay. and roots were as follows: Corn for ensilage, 12 tons 1,145 pounds per acre; roots, 19 tons 1,845 pounds; wheat, 40 bushels 27 pounds; peas, 28 bushels 8 pounds; oats, 72 bushels 18 pounds; and hay, 2 tons 1,325 pounds. Records of cost of production of all field crops grown are carefully compiled each year. CEREALS. Comparative tests of varieties have not yet been commenced at the Ste. Anne Sta- tion, owing to the necessary preliminary preparation of the land now going on. However, the varieties of wheat, peas, barley, and oats best suited to the district arc grown on the Station each season, and a large quantity of pure selected seed was sold or distributed this year. FORAGE PLANTS. Fifteen varieties of forage corn were tested this season. In a three-year test, Longfellow and Compton's Early have proved the best suited to the district. Of twenty- five varieties of forage beets, Yellow Intel-mediate and Long Red gave the highest yields. In sugar beets, Vilmorin's Improved and Klein Wanzleben yielded best. Fif- teen varieties of turnips and five of carrots were also tested. HORTICTLTURE. Orchards and Small Fruits. — The orchards now contain 1,045 trees, namely, 736 apple, 209 plum, 81 cherry, and 19 pear trees. The varieties represented are 122 apple, EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 01 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 30 plum, 15 cherry, and 8 pear. The small fruit and vegetable teats are carried on between the rows of trees in part of the orchard; and in the remaining part, orr-hard cover crops and cultural methods are compared. Among the small fruits under test are: currants, 29 varieties, raspberries 8, gooseberries 7, and strawberries 18 varieties. In vegetables, variety tests were conducted with beets, beans, peas, corn, cab- bage, potatoes, lettuce, parsley, carrots, oyster plant, onions, cauliflower, celery, radish, cucumbers, pumpkins, squash, turnips, tomatoes, and muskmelons. Twenty-five varieties of potatoes were grown and compared. This will be repeated for five years, when it is hoped that some valuable conclusions can be drawn. Records were kept of the cost of growing an acre of potatoes. The total cost was $82.53. The yield was 203 bushels 54 pounds, making the cost of production per bushel, 404 cents. The display of flowers during the season was a good one, in spite of the drought. Ornamental trees and shrubs made satisfactory growth. SPECIAL CHOPS. One one-twentieth acre plot of tobacco was grown; this matured satisfactorily, and was shipped to the Central Farm, Ottawa, for treatment. FARM IMPROVEMENTS. Buildings. — One hen-house, 16 by 32 feet, was built, and two colony houses. A number of repairs were made to other buildings. Draining and Fencing. — Eighteen acres of land were tile drained, and 1,840 loads of stone gathered. Over 100 rods of fencing was put up, and the gravelling of the farm roads was completed. EXHIBITION'S. An Experimental Farms' exhibit was shown at Montmagny and at seven county fair3. The display attracted much attention; eighteen hundred applications to be put on the mailing list were received. MEETINGS. The superintendent, in addition to being present at eight exhibitions and fairs, took part in the Short Course given at the Ste. Anne College of Agriculture, and spoke at four farmers' conventions. VISITORS. Over 3,500 farmers visited the Station during the year. 02 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTZ RE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 •EXPERIMENTAL STATION, CAP ROUGE, QUE. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, G. A. LANGELIER, CHARACTER OF SEASON. The months of May, June, July, August, September, and October were warmer, wetter and duller than the average of the last five years, the mean temperature being, respectively, 57-52 and 65 05° F.; the precipitation, 27-19 and 23-43 inches; the number of hours of sunshine, 1,073-4 and 1,109-7. The season was longer than usual without frost, the last one occurring on May 8 and the first one on October 10. Of the different crops grown in the district, hay was extra good ; pastures excellent until the drought of midsummer; grain, poor; silage corn and roots, below the average; potatoes, poor ; flax, good ; tobacco, extra ; apples, above the average ; plums, a little below the average; strawberries and raspberries, the best in years; currants and goose- berries, extra; vegetables, about as usual; flowering plants, splendid. The main characteristics of the season were the wet spring, the drought of midsummer, and the fine autumn. METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS. 1916-17. 1916. April May June July August September. October November. December. 1917. January. . February March — Temperature F. Highest. 63-0 750 790 910 89-0 77-0 72-0 03-0 40-0 370 350 510 Total. Lowest . 17-2 31- 2 44- 2 45- 2 45-2 32- 2 24-2 - 41 -13-9 -21-8 —21-8 - 60 Precipitation. Rainfall. j Snowfall. Inches. 112 6-36 5-47 3-96 2- 76 3- 22 5-42 3-23 066 0-50 1-52 34-22 Inches. 6-00 Total. Heaviest in hours. 560 20-80 45-70 27-00 26-50 131-00 Inches. 1- 72 6-36 5-47 3-96 2- 76 3- 22 5-42 3-79 2-74 5- 07 2-70 4-17 47-38 Inches. 0- 80 1- 22 1-70 200 100 1-22 1-05 1-02 0-90 0-90 0- 80 1- 25 Total Sunshine. LIVE STOCK. All the live stock kept in very good condition throughout the year. Dairy Cattle. — The herd comprises forty-two head, thirty-six of which are pure- bred, and six grade, French Canadians. These cattle are kept for five purposes: supplying milk to the dairy, experimental breeding, experimental feeding, experimental housing, and to distribute good breeders at reasonable prices. E2 PERI MENTAL FARMS 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Milk production. — Ten cows from 3 to 11 years of age completed a lactation period between April 1, 1916, and March 31, 191V. They averaged 5,304 pounds of milk, testing 4-08, which is equivalent to 255 11 pounds of butter. Experimental Breeding. — Out of nine grade cows bought for this purpose,' only two were profitable producers; and none of their heifers, by a scrub, and also by a registered bull of unknown ancestry was worth keeping. This shows plainly that the scales and Babcock test should be used to find out the good producers, and that these must be bred to bulls out of profitable dams, if any headway ig to be made. Experimental Feeding. — There are two projects: the best quantity of concen- trates for dairy cows, and the cost of raising heifers. Best Quantity of Concentrates for Dairy Cows. — This experiment has now been made four years in succession, during five of the winter months. Animals are chosen of nearly equal weights so that the maintenance ration may be about the same for all, and they receive exactly the same quantity of roughages, such as hay, straw, silage, roots. The bedding is sawdust, and there are divisions in the mangers, so that each cow can only eat what she receives. When the animals) are chosen,, their previous records are considered, so as to avoid errors due to individual capacity as milk and fat producers. The average for four years shows that the lot receiving as much meal as would be eaten, which was 1 pound per 2-19 pounds of milk, gave a profit over feed of $16.10 in 148 days, the lot receiving 1 pound of meal per 4 pounds of milk gave a profit of $14, and the lot receiving 1 pound of meal per 8 pounds of milk g&ve a profit of $12.42. Feed was valued as follows1: hay, $7 per ton; roots and silage, $2 per ton; meal, 1} cents per pound; whilst butter was calculated at 28 cents per pound, and skim- milk at 20 cents per cwt. Cost of Raising Heifers. — Feed valuations are given so as to compare results of one year with another, as prices change very often: whole milk, $1.50, and skim-milk, 20 cents per cwt.; meal, 1\ cents per pound; hay, $7; green feed, roots, silage, $3 per ton; pasture, $1 per month. The results of two years show that it cost, on an average, for feed alone, $27.44 to bring a heifer to 13 months and 4 days; $52.39 to bring one to 18 months and 10 days; $65.05 to bring one to 2-6 months and 1 day. The three whose feed was weighed until this last-mentioned time received, 'on an average, 1,02-8 pounds whole milk, 7,921 pounds skim-milk, 774 pounds meal, 3,774 pounds hay, 6.133 pounds roots, 5,933 pounds silage, 278 pounds green feed, and were 69 days on pasture. Their average weight was 775 pounds. With these figures, a farmer can see, at current prices, what it costs to raise a heifer; and when he does see this, he will no doubt commence to think that only the daughters of heavy producers should be raised if a profit is to be made. Expenmental Housing. — Buildings are non-productive and very costly. If most of the stock can be wintered in single-boarded sheds, profits are sure to be higher, because the extra feed required is more than counterbalanced by the better health of the animals. During the winters of 1915-16 and 1916-17, an aged bull, a 2-year-old, find a yearling have been outside — the first two mentioned during two winters and the latter during one winter — without the least sign of suffering. Cows were bred during the coldest spells, and the old bull certainly was a better server outside than he had been when kept in a box stall. Beginning in the autumn of 1917, all heifers will be kept in a single-boarded shed from the time they are about six months of age until within a few days of calving. Selling Breeders at a Reasonahle Price. — The three bulls used in 1917 are out of eows which have qualified for Record of Performance, and one of them has for dam and dam of his sire two cows which have that distinction. There are more French- Canadian cows, at this Station, that have qualified for the Record of Performance 94 DEPARTMIST OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 than in any other herd. Out of such foundation, stock it is wellnigh impossible not to breed good stock and it is practically certain that bulls from this Station will improve the herds wherever they may go. ITorses. — There are now twenty-four horses, including nineteen registered French Canadians, four draughtcrs, and a driver. They are kept for five purposes: work on the farm, experimental breeding, experimental feeding, experimental housing, and to distribute high-class breeders at reasonable cost. Work. — During the year, each horse averaged about 150 full days of ten hours' work, leaving aside the unbroken colts. One must remember that seven mares dropped and raised foals, which cut down the number of hours o'f work. Experimental Breeding. — Three projects are under investigation: raising fall colts, close breeding, work versus no work for brood marcs. Raising Fall Colts: If this is found feasible, the mares will have the full growing season to work. To throw some light on the subject, two mares were served to drop their young in October. At first, the youngsters did not seem to do very well, but they soon picked up, and on March 31, 1917, a colt which was 5 months and 12 days old weighed 680 pounds, the average weight of his sire and dam being 1,385, whilst a filly which was 6 months and 2 days weighed 535 pounds, the average weight of her sire and dam being 1,200. Close Breeding: A mare served by her son dropped a filly which is not doing as well as Iwo others of about the same age from unrelated parents. A defect which both sire and dam had in common, that is, a rather rough head with a full throat latch, was intensified in the filly. This is a mooted question, and experiments will be continued, always with stock bred at the Station, so that there may be no question about the relationship of animals used. Work versus no Work for Brood Mares : The same mare was used three years for this experiment. In 1911-15, she was worked carefully but all the time until she foaled; in 1915-16, she was kept idle in a box stall all winter, but worked about a month before foaling in the spring; in 1916-17, she was kept idle but outside, having a single-boarded shed where she could go in at will, and worked about a month before foaling in the sprirfg. In each case, she dropped and raised a strong filly. It is probably better to work a mare carefully all the time before foaling, but a farmer who cannot do so, need not, for this reason alone, abandon horse raising. Experimental Feeding.- — This consisted in recording feed eaten by young animals, and by a team of workers. The following values are arbitrary, and can be changed1 according to current prices: whole milk, $1.50, and skim-milk, 20 cents per cwt. ; molasses 3, wheat 2, oats 1-5, and bran 1 cent per pound; hay, $7 per ton. Cost of Feed in raising Horses: At the above prices for feed, it cost $19.16 to bring a youngster to 10 months 7 days from the time it was weaned, at five months; $79.77 to bring one to 1 year, 9 months, 10 days; $138.89 to bring one to 2 years, 8 months; $163.05 to bring one to three years. The weights were, respectively, 672, 1,138. 1,125, 1,300, which is much more than French-Canadian colts and fillies of the same age generally weigh. To enable anybody to calculate the cost at present prices it may be said that the 3-year-old received the following quantities of feed: 1,260 pounds of skim-milk, 16 oil meal, 86 wheat, 4,181 bran. 5,393 oats, 9,954 hay. This shows that only good stock must be used for breeding purposes, as it costs a* great deal to raise horses. Cost of Feed of Working Horses: Two mares weighing, respectively, 1,140 and 1.285 pounds ate the following quantities of feed from November 1, 1916, to March 31, 1917 : 3,373 pounds of hay, 3,313 pounds of oats, 704 pounds of bran, 180 pound of molasses. At the above-mentioned prices it cost, for feed per mare, for five months, EX PERI Hi E A TIL FAR M 8 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 $3l>.97. During that time they worked an average of 484 hour9 each, which brings the cost of work, for feed alone, to 7-6 cents per hour. When interest, depreciation, barn room, shoeing, blanketing, harnessing and care are taken into consideration, liorse labour is, of course, much more costly. Selling breeders at reasonable prices. — The stud of French-Canadian horses at Cap Rouge is, without douht, the largest and best in existence to-day. About half a dozen youngsters are raised each year, and most of them are for sale at reasonable prices. Some have been shipped to Xew Brunswick and to Nova Scotia, besides Quebec. Sheep. — The flock comprises a 2-year-old ram, six yearling rams, sixteen breeding ewes, live shearling ewes, and twenty lambs, all pure-bred Leieesters. These are kept for experimental feeling, experimental housing and to sell breeders at reasonable prices. Experimental Feeding. — The work undertaken is to find out how much feed it takes to carry a breeding ewe over the winter. In 1910-17, it took 2-95 pounds of hay, 0-47 pound of pea straw, 2-12 pounds swede turnips, 0-75 pound oats, 0-4G pound bran per ewe per day. The ewes experimented with were Leieesters of about average weight, and fifteen of them raised nineteen lambs. If breedings ewes are fed about 200 days, to give a chance to pastures to start in the spring, it will cost about $5.85 per head for feed, to winter them, calculating hay at $7, straw at $4, swedes at $2 per ton, oats at 1-5, and bran at 1 cent per pound. Experimental Housing. — Many farmers are deterred from breeding early lambs beoause'they are under the impression that these have to be kept in warm quarters for a long time. According to experiments made at this Station, a lamb can withstand a great deal of cold when from two to six days old. Every one dropped in March was sent up with its dam, when of the above-mentioned age, to a single-boarded shed; they all grew well, and were always healthy. Selling breeders at a reasonable price. — The Leicester is very popular in this dis- trict, and rams are eagerly picked up as soon as available for sale. Careful records are kept, and poor or shy breeders are sent to the butcher. Moveover, the weight of fleeces is kept, also samples, so that the improvement made by different ram3 is noted. It is the aim that only good breeders should be bought by farmers who apply to the Cap Rouge Station. POULTRY. _ 9 Barred Rocks are kept; 312 layers were wintered, and 779 chicks were raised. For the latter, 2,017 eggs were used, out of which 505, or 19 per cent, were not fertile, whilst of the remainder 1,162 or 55 per cent did not hatch out. Of the 950 chickens placed in the brooders, 779, or 82 per cent, were raised. The percentage of chicks raised from the total number of eggs was 30, and from the fertile eggs, 37. It took 3-3 eggs per marketable chicken. Experimental Breeding. — This consisted in comparing pullets with hens: also heavy with light layers as producers of hatchable egsrs. Pullets versus Hens as Breeders. — The result uf one year shows that 100 eggs from late pullets gave 42-4 strong chicks, whilst early pullets gave 40-8, yearlings 38-6 and 2-year-olds 28-2. This is contrary to expectations, and the experiment will be continued. 96 DEPARTMENT OF AGRILLLTLRE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Heavy versus Light Layers as Breeders. — Four pens were used. One of them laid C55 eggs in four months and the others 545, 154, 16. The strong chicks hatched from -these eggs were, respectively, 390, 231, 59, 5, which shows that the percentage of hatch- able eggs was larger from the good layers than from the poor ones. This also, seems surprising, and the experiment will be continued. Layers of different ages. — The average of two years shows that during November, December, January, February, early pullets produced eggs at a cost of 18 cents, late pullets 56 cents, yearling hens 83 cents, and old hens $5.59, per dozen. A remarkable thing is that the pen of 25 yearlings used in 1916-17, when each lost 40 cents during the four winter months, was, with two exceptions, composed of the same birds which, as early pullets, had given a profit of 89 cents per bird during the four corresponding months of 1915-16. Experimental Feeding. — Four experiments were made to compare different kinds of feeds and methods of watering. Skim-milk versus Beef Scraps : All feed given to two pens of birds was the same, except that one received skim-milk and the other beef scraps. In four months, the 25 birds in the " skim-milk " pen produced $6.15 worth more of eggs and meat (increase in live weight) than the others. Roots versus Clover: All feed given to two pens of birds was the same, except that one received dry clover leaves and the other swedes. The latter pen of 25 birds was $1.81 ahead at the end of the four months. Commercial Grain versus Separator Screenings: Two pens of 25 birds each were' fed alike, except that one received commercial grain and the other separator screenings. The latter were valued at two-thirds the price of the former, and were $1.97 ahead at the end of the four months. Water versus Snow: Both lots were fed absolutely the same quantities of teed; one of them received water and the other snow. The pen of 25 birds, which received water, was $2.19 ahead at the end of the four winter months. Experimental Housing. — The range of mean temperature, during the winter of 1916-17, was 40-0° F., outside, 19-2° in a colony house 8 feet wide, 16-7° in a laying house 12 feet wide, and 15-1° in a laying house 16 feet wide. All styles of houses were the same/ and they only differed in width. It would seem that the widest house had the most equable temperature. Miscellaneous. — Four different lots of eggs were preserved in as many ways: the two lots in lime-water and in water-glass were in excellent condition and quite good about five months afterwards, whilst the two lots, simply wrapped in paper, one lot of which was turned daily, were decomposed and not fit to be used. BEES. The bees kept at Cap Rouge are hybrids between Italians and Blacks. They are kept for commercial and experimental work. Commercial Work. — The total production of honey from thirteen hives, spring count, was 1,218 pounds, so that the average per colony was 93-69 pounds. The highest yield from a colony was 131 pounds, and the smallest 65. The colonies ranged in weight from 58 to 76 pounds when placed in the cellar on November 13, 1916, and averaged 64-2 pounds, whilst they ranged in weight from 43 to 74 pounds and averaged 55-5 pounds when taken out on April 13, 1917. Most of the loss occurred after the first of March. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Experimental Work. — This deals specially with feeding and housing. Experimental Feeding: The bees wintered on early-gathered stores lost an average of 11-5 pounds per colony during the winter, were in good to very good condition in the spring, and covered an average of 7-5 spaces when taken out, whilst the ones win- tered on late-gathered stores, on honey and sugar syrup, and on sugar syrup alone, respectively, lost 3-7, 4, 6 pounds, were all in excellent condition, and covered 9-3, 10, 10 spaces in the spring. This is quite the reverse of what was expected, and the experi- ment will be continued. Experimental Housing: At the beginning of December, wet sand was placed on the concrete floor of the bee cellar, and sprinkled occasionally. This, however, had to be discontinued about the middle of January, on account of the offensive odour from dead bees. Afterwards, a great deal fewer bees died. F3ELD HUSBANDRY. The work done in this division comprises crop management and agricultural engi- neering. Crop Management. — Under this come crop yields, cost of production of field crops, rotations and experimental work. Crop Yields. — The yields were lower for oats, corn, and swedes than usual, but much higher for hay. Longfellow corn yielded at the rate of 6 tons 314 pounds per acre; Good Luck swedes, 14 tons 22 pounds, Banner oats, 50 bushels (of 34 pounds) and 19 pounds; clover hay, 2 tons, 1,968 pounds; timothy hay, 2 tons, 1,505 pounds. Cost of Production of Field Crops. — The results of four years of accurate record keeping show that it cost $2.29 per ton to grow swedes, $5.32 per ton for hay, and 30-6 cents per bushel of 34 pounds of oats. Rotation of Crops. — A three year rotation has been run six years, and during that time a loss of $5.92 per acre has been transformed into a profit of $3.42, which is a gain of $9.34 per acre. Experimental Work. — Five projects are under investigation, as follows: — Planting Fodder Corn in Drills vs. Hills : After five years, it has been found that the drills 48 inches apart give 20,S19 pounds of green corn, with 1,176 pounds of nutri- ents per acre; drills 42 inches apart, 19,887 and 1,026 pounds; hills 36 inches apart, 12,402 and 691 pounds; hills 42 inches apart, 12,356 and 644 pounds. When sown thickly, a variety of corn must be used which would bring ears to the glazed stage were it sown thinly. If the ground is very weedy, hills are better, so that cultivation can be given both ways. Rates of Seeding Oats: Thirteen different rates from 1 to 4 bushels per acre have been tried for four years. The average for the six rates below 2} bushels per acre was 1,845-3 pounds of grain per acre, that for the six rates above 2i bushels was 2,039-3, and that for the rate of 2£ bushels was 2,039, the second highest yield. This was on a sandy loam. Yield of Hay when Nurse Crop is sown at Different Kates: Oats were sown at thirteen different rates from 1 to 4 bushels per acre for four years, and the hay weighed the next year from each plot. There was more hay when the crop of grain was°the heaviest, that is from the seedings above 2* bushels per acre, contrarily to expectations. The second largest crop of hay was after the standard rate of seeding of 2} bushels of grain per acre. Eates of -Seeding: Since 1912, inclusive, 100 plots of 1-60 acre each have been used for this experiment, on half of which 12 pounds of timothy, 8 pound* red clover 16—7 98 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 and 2 pounds of alsike were sown per acre, with oata as a nur3e crop; whilst the others only received half of these quantities. The thick seeding gave 13 per cent more hay. Yield of Hay with different Nurse Crops : Since 1912. inclusive, all the trial plots of grain, 192 in number, were seeded down to timothy and clover. The soil is a sandy loam not well adapted to hay, but this does not affect comparative results. After bar- ley, the crop of hay averaged 4,144 pounds per acre; after wheat, 3,951; after peas, 3,897; after oats, 3,570. FERTILIZERS. Five acres are devoted to experiments with fertilizers on 130 different plots. There are now six projects under investigation. The most effective formula. — Different combinations of the three main elements, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash, are used in a three-year rotation of potatoes, oats, clover. This experiment has run two years, and the most important finding was that, on a clayey loam such as was used, the least important element was potash. Comparative values of different forms of nitrogen and phosphoric acid ivhen ther& is enough potash. — In a three-year rotation of potatoes, oats, clover, nitrate of soda has proved superior to sulphate of ammonia for the two first-mentioned crops, and so has superphosphate shown its superiority over bone meal and basic slag, which were of about equal value. Manure vs. clover as a source of humus. — The results of one year, for a crop of oats, have shown an increase of 23 per cent grain and 33 per cent straw from the manured plot. This experiment is to run about six years, at the end of which samples of soil will be examined and analysed for their humus content to compare with the ones taken at the beginning. Comparative value of different elements as supplements to farm manure. — Tl^is is to' throw some light on the problem of using part manure and part fertilizers. One of the main results, though, after only one year's test on oats, was that the complete fer- tilizer increased the crop by 50 per cent, whilst nitrogen or potash each only increased it by 25 per cent. Burnt lime vs. ground limestone. — On oats, ground limestone applied at the rate of 7,500 pounds per acre at seeding time practically gave no increase, whilst burnt lime applied at the same time at the rate of 4,200 pounds per acre increased the grain by 9 per cent and the straw by 16 per cent. It will be interesting to watch the residual effects of the ground limestone on the hay. Value of ground seaweed as a fertilizer. — The results of two years, on potatoes and oats, show that 100 pounds of nitrate of soda was equal to 930 pounds of ground seaweed, 100 pounds of a 2-2-5 mixture of acid phosphate and basic slag was as good as 730 pounds of ground seaweed, and 100 pounds of muriate of potash gave as good results as 1,920 of ground seaweed. There are yet to be recorded the after-effects on clover hay. CEREALS. The work with cereals at thi3 Station comprises te?ts of varieties, the isolation of good strains, the growing of grain for hay. and the production of seed for sale. Variety tests. — Nine varieties of spring wheat were tested, and the result of six years places Huron at the head; eight varieties of oats were in the test plots, and Banner shows up on top after five years; five varieties of field peas are led by Arthur at the end of five years; of the eight varieties of barley tried, Manchurian is recom- mended EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Selection of best strains. — That aome strains are better yieldera than other:-* is 6howa by the fact that the comparative yields of the lowe3t and highest, for Mm- churian barley, was as 100 to 163, for Arthur peas as 100 to 183, for Huron wheat as 100 to 133. Growing of grain for hay. — The results of two years show that oats alone, or oats and peas, or oats, pea?, and vetches not only give a higher tonnage of hay than clover and timothy or timothy alone, but also give more dry matter per acre. The hay from oats and peas, or oats, peas, and vetches contains more protein, and is thus more valuable than that from clover or timothy. Production of seed for sale. — Huron wheat, Manchurian barley, Arthur pea8 and Banner oats are the varieties recommended for this district, and are grown for seed. This is cleaned and separated by modern machinery and shipped in sealed bags so as to avoid substitution. Prices are given to inquirers on application. This seed is of a very high grade, and has never yet disappointed a single buyer. FORAGE CR0P3. Investigations with forage crops consist in testing varieties, selection of good strains, and comparison of different methods of helping the germination of mangel seed. Variety tests. — Longfellow has been found one of the best corns for silage, whilst the results of six years place Good Luck at the head for swedes. Giant Yellow Inter- mediate for mangels, and Improved Short White for carrots. Isolation of best strains. — Work of this description was continued with Indian corn, swedes, Kentucky blue grass, meadow fescue, orchard grass, perennial rye grass, red top, sheep fescue, timothy, western rye grass, alfalfa, and red clover. Helping the germination of mangel seed. — Fertilizer, also salt, mixed with the soil or sown in the row, did not compare at all favourably with seed soaked for twelve hours in water, or in water and liquid manure. Watering, or even only packing, the soil had nearly as good an effect as soaking the seed. Thi3 experiment is only the result of one year, and not yet conclusive. HORTICULTURE. There are three lines of investigation with flowers, fruit, and vegetables : testing varieties, cultural experiments, propagation of the best kinds. There was, in 1916, over 20 acres used for this purpose. Testing varieties. — The following numbers were tested in 1916 : apples 150, cher- ries 15, pears 4, plums 40. grapes 24, black currants 16, red currants 12, white currants 3, gooseberries 12, raspberries 11, strawberries 34. potatoes 20, vegetables 221, orna- mental plants 1,031. As there are at least four examinations to be made each season, this takes considerable time, just for the records. Cultural Experiments. — 'These were made for apples, strawberries, beans, beets, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, celery, onions, parsnips, peas, rhubarb, tomatoes. Propagation of flie best varieties. — Some of the most promising varieties of apples, plums, grapes, currants, gooseberries, strawberries, raspberries, are being propagated. Seed is grown of all vegetables that do well in the district, with the exception of cauliflower and celery; and in many cases the Cap Rouge strain ha proved superior to all commercial ones. 16— 7J TOO DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 SPECIAL CROPS. Flax. — An acre of flax was grown for fibre; it was found that pulling the plants is a very long job, and quite costly when done by people who are not used to such work. If the land is at all weedy, it seems impossible to grow this crop with profit. Tobacco. — Three varieties were grown : Canelle, Comstock, and Petit Havanne. The latter is such a low yielder that it is not recommended for this district, though it is very early. FARM IMPROVEMENTS. Buildings. — Building operations were practically suspended during the year, only a couple of sheds for horses and sheep being erected. Clearing Land. — This consisted mostly in clearing, odd places of obstructions such as trees, stumps, stones, so as to facilitate the use of implements. Draining. — It is practically impossible nowadays to get men to work at this, and only small areas were tiled in 1916, where they interfered with the use of the four- horse machines which are now used at this Station. Fencing. — This received much attention, and a cross-road behind the orchards was fenced, the intention being to have two other of these roads so that visitors can drive around and see everything without having to get into the fields. Roadmalcing. — Most of the improvement work was done here. Quite a number of concrete silt basins were made to take away surface water from ditches, in hollows, and were connected with the nearest drain. CXHJB1T10XS. The work for this division consists in distributing literature and in staging exhibits at fairs. Distributing literature. — This is done from the Station, at fairs, and also by sending to Ottawa the .addresses of interested persons. A great many names were thus added to the mailing lists. Exhibitions. — Exhibits from the Station were sent to the following fairs: Three Rjvers, Quebec, Lotbiniere, St. Tite, St. Casimir, besides to five different ones in the New England states, the latter through the Department of Interior. Diplomas were secured at four places. VISITORS. There were three excursions 'to the Station during August, 1916, from different counties of Central Quebec, and the total number of visitors was 2,422. El J 'L'JxlM EN TA L FA RA1 S 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTAL STATION, LENNOXVTLLE. QUE. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, J. A. McCLARY. THE SEASON. The light snowfall, frequent thawing and hard freezing during the winter of 1915 left much frost in the ground, preventing very early seeding. The first wheat was sown on the 3rd of May and the general grain crops were sown the following week, on land which had been underdrained the previous year. The heavy rainfalls of the latter half of May and the month of June made it almost impossible to get land in shape for corn. This crop was only planted June 16, and made very slow growth up to September 1, but with the warm sunny days of that month much progress was made, and a fair crop harvested. The weather during the winter of 1916-17 has been an exception in this district as there has been bo thaw to take away the snow, which came the middle of December, until March 24. Steady, cold weather has prevailed throughout the winter, the ther- mometer registering below zero twenty-two days in the. month of February. METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS, 1916-17. Month. 1916. 1917. Temperatures. Maximum. Minimum. Precipitation. Rainfall. Snowfall. Tota Date. Deg. Date. — Dcg. * Ins. 25 68 3 18 2-34 29 80 10 23 4-20 2 79 2 35 4-72 20 90 15 41 5-68 19 91 2 40 3-91 7 80 11 32 5-64 5 78 12 22 2-59 9 65 17 0 2-67 6 49 30 -30 0-74 14 43 20 -40 0-86 18 40 13 -36 26 53 7 -20 0-85 34-20 15-9 27-3 8-5 75 59-2 Ins. 2- 34 4-20 4- 72 5- 68 3- 91 5-64 2-59 2-67 2-33 3-59 0- 85 1- 60 40- 12 Total , . Sunshine. LIVE STOCK. Horses. — This Station now has twenty horses; six registered Clydesdale mares, eleven well-graded work horses, one driver, one registered Clydesdale stallion two years old and one filly foaled in the fall of 1916. Four of these horses were wintered in the yard, with a loose box stall to run into. They were fed on a ration of 20 pounds of swedes and 28 pounds of hay per day. which makes a very economical wray of wintering idle horses, and at the same time giving them plenty of exercise. The horses held their normal weight throughout this experi- ment. 102 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 These horse3 were put in the barn on March 23, and received a light grain ration of two ports oats to one part bran. They were given light work to prepare them for seeding operations. The horse3 wintered outside cost 13-8 cents per horse per day to feed. Those kept inside, which were fed a light grain ration throughout the winter, cost 19-5 cents per horse per day. Beef Cattle. — Eighty-nine 2-year-old grade Shorthorn steer3 were purchased locally in October, 1916, and were put on feed November 9. The year was exception- ally good, the spread between cost and selling price per hundredweight being $4.83. The average profit per steer was $39.61. Twenty of the steers were divided into two. lots, one being fed loose in box stalls, the other lot being tied. The profit per steer " loose " was $40.23, and " tied " $39.62. Sheep. — There are now at the Lennoxville Station, fifty-eight sheep, nine of which are registered Oxford ewes, three registered Oxford shearlings, one registered Oxford ram, thirty-five grade ewes, and ten shearling ewes. The wool clip was sold in the spring of 1916, for 43 cents per pound; average weight of fleece, 8 13 pounds. Surplus lambs were sold, and a sale was also held of registered ram3 for breeding purposes. FrELD HUSBANDRY. Rotations. — Work with rotations has not yet commenced at this Station, owing to the necessity of first working the land into suitable condition. 'Crop Yields.— The hay crop was an average one, with a high percentage of cloven in meadows seeded the previous year. The seeding mixture used on the Station was 9 pounds red clover, 2 pounds alfalfa, and 10 pounds timothy, per acre. The yield of hay was 250 tons. Clover seed production was given considerable attention, and 200 pounds was saved and threshed in the fall of 1916. This work has aroused con- siderable interest Among the farmers of the district, many of whom are now growing and sowing their own clover seed. The grain crop was below average, owing to excessive spring rains and extreme heat in August. Fifty acres were planted to Indian corn on June 20, on old sod land. The heavy rainfall during May and June prevented earlier sowing, and a heavy yield was not hoped for. However, three large silos were filled, furnishing sufficient winter silage for 89 steers, 23 dairy cattle, and 58 sheep. Two acres were sown July 1 to rape for fall pasture for sheep and lambs. Th£ results were excellent, and every farmer is advised to sow at l»ast a small area for this purpose. FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS. The special work with fertilizers was begun this year on a three-year rotation, consisting of turnips, grain, hay. The objects in view are: (1) to ascertain the quantity and proportionate composition of a fertilizer which will yield the greatest profit; (2) to ascertain the relative efficiency of different sources of nitrogen and phosphoric acid; and (3) to ascertain the fertilizing value of a nitro-potassic fertilizer prepared from seaweed. The work must necessarily continue for a period of years before definite conclusions can be drawn. FORAGE PLANTS. Owing to the extremely wet spring, it was impossible to carry on all the experi- ments with forage plants which had been planned for 1916. Among the experiments dropped were the variety tests of mangels and carrots. EXPERIUUSTXL FIRMS 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Thirteen varieties of Indian corn for ensilage were grown. The highest yield was obtained from Wisconsin Wo. 7. 15 tons 1,000 pounds; and the lowest from Free Press, 5 tons 1,275 pounds. Eighteen varieties of field turnips were tested. The highest, Good Luck, yielded 20 tons 850 pounds per acre; and the lowest, Coming's Lapland, 12 tons 450 pounds. Clovers and grasses. — Alfalfa, Grimm's Variegated, was sown in drills 2$ feet apart, and was also sown broadcast with a crop of wheat. There was a marked difference in the growth, the alfalfa 'sown in drills being much more vigourous and sending its roots down more deeply. The following plots of grasses and clovers are under test for hardiness and adaptability: Timothy, orchard grass, red top, Kentucky blue grass, meadow fescue, sheep's fescue, western rye grass, perennial rye grass, red clover, Swedish clover, and alsike clover. All wintered satisfactorily with the exception of the perennial rye grass, whir;h completely winter-killed. • HORTICULTURE. Fruits. — The fruit trees in the cultural orchard made remarkably good growth in 1916. There was, however, some injury during the previous winter, about 20 per cent of the trees being seriously damaged. Ninety-three trees were replaced. In the variety apple orchard, the trees wintered fairly well, and made good growth. The standard plum trees planted in the spring of 1915 have not done very well so far, but the seedling varieties have made strong growth and are developing into good trees. Some of the seedling pear trees have wintered well; others were badly injured or killed. The pear trees have been moved to another site, where the soil is heavier and more protection from wind is afforded. The small fruit crops were light in 1916, owing to the plants being young and not sufficiently established. Vegetables. — Tests were conducted with the following varieties of vegetables: lettuce, radish, garden peas, parsley, beans, parsnips, cucumber, sweet corn, carrots, beets, leeks, onions, cabbages, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, peppers, watermelon, musk- melon, citron, pumpkin, squash, celery, tomatoes, and potatoes. With some of these, experiments were carried on as to dates of sowing, distances of thinning, protection of plants from insect iajury, methods of blanching (celery), methods of training and ripening (tomatoes). With potatoes, trials were made in planting different kinds of sets, at different distances between sets and rows, methods of cultivation, etc.. and a commencement was made in potato selection work. Ornamentals. — The area for the main lawn was graded, smoothed, and seeded, and the lawn fencing erected. The demonstration hedges planted in 1915 made good growth in most cases. Two borders were planted in October, one of perennials, the other part perennials and part shrubs. The annual flowers bloomed fairly through the season, and proved a great attraction to visitors. FARM IMPROVEMENTS. Buildings.— The erection of the new dairy barn at this Station was commenced in September, and completed on the 23rd of December. This barn is 37 feet wide by 96 feet in length, with feed room attached, 20 by 30 feet, and one silo, 17 by 30 feet; also a cooling room for milk. The barn will accommodate 46 head, with an abundance of light and the best of ventilation. Necessary repairs were done on the old buildings in use at this Station. 104 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1 91 8 Fencing. — Two hundred arid fifty rods of 48-inch high, No 9 galvanized wire fencing, was erected on the farm roads and other parts of the farm during the summer and fall. There was also erected 1,325 feet of lawn fence around the horti- cultural area. Drainage. — The underdrainage system already laid gave satisfaction, as it per- mitted of raising a good crop of gTain on the land which, with the excessive rains this past season, could not otherwise have been cropped. During the season, 75,000 feet of underdrains- were installed, located as follows: 00,000 feet on the R. W. Eeid farm; 2,000 feet in the variety orchard; 13,000 feet on the Ed. Read farm. These systems are working satisfactorily, as demonstrated by the fact that this land can now be worked much earlier in the spring. Roads. — The public roads leading through the farm were kept in good condition during the summer of 1916, and in the winter 1916-17 gravel was drawn and spread on the farm road leading past the new dairy barn for a length of 125 rods. The road leading from the Cookshire road towards the brick-yard was also gravelled. EXHIBITIONS. The Experimental Earms' exhibit was shown at Brome, Ayer's Cliff, and Sher- brooke. Much interest was manifested by visitors at all these fairs, the demand for publications was brisk, and a large number of names were added to the mailing lists. MEETINGS. On the 12th of August there was organized a Farmer's Day for this Station, when invitations were sent out to all the farmers and their families in the Eastern Town- ships. The response was very encouraging ; over one thousand people assembled at this meeting, at which were present the Hon. Martin Burrell, Minister of Agriculture; J. j H. Grisdale, Director, Dominion Experimental Farms; J. A. Simard, B.S.A., of the Seed Branch; and others, who gave practical addresses on agricultural subjects. The staff have also attended a number of agricultural meetings in different sec- 1 tions of the Eastern Townships throughout the winter. VISITORS. During the past year there has been a -marked increase of visitors, who showed . much interest in the different lines of work being conducted at the Station. The farmers are coming more to realize the advantage of adopting more syste- matic methods in the rotation of their crops, the cultivation of the same, selection of their seeds, the guarding against plant diseases and insects, and the selection, breed- ing, feeding, and housing of their live stock. Much interest was shown by the ladies and townspeople in the garden work. EXPERIMENTAL STATION. SPIRIT LAKE, QUE. . REPORT OF THE FOREMAN-MANAGER, P. FORTIER. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STATION. An internment camp for alien enemies was opened at Spirit Lake, on the site of the proposed Experimental Station, in January, 1915. At that time, except for the land belonging to the Transcontinental Railway, what is now the Experimental Station was, like all the Abitibi district, densely wooded, the chief forest trees found there being the spruce, white birch and aspen. The first clearing work was done by the prisoners. EX P E RIM EX J A I J 'A A' .U S U5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Some 155 acres have now been cleared, and 150 acres of this area has been prepared for cultivation. The greater part of the wood obtained from this clearing •work has been sold as pulp-wood, about 2,500 cords having been cut. In September, 1016, the foreman-manager took charge of the administration of the Station, but it has only been since January, 1917, when the internment camp was removed, that the work has been entirely under the control of the Department of Agriculture. SITUATION AND AREA. The Station is situated between the 48th and 40th degrees of latitude and the 7Sth and 79th degrees of longitude, in the townships of Dalquier and Trecesson. Its altitude is about 1,000 feet. This land was the property of the Provincial Government of Quebec, which deeded it, for a nominal sum, to the Federal Department of Agriculture, with the understand- ing that the area is to be used for Experimental Farm purposes. The area so far trans- ferred is about 1,200 acres, which may later be increased to some 1,000 acres in all. Not. all of this land is arable, there being a considerable frontage of Lake George included, which will probably be made into a sort of park or forest belt. SEASONAL MOTES. It is impossible to give precise temperature records for this Station during the past year, as no meteorological instruments were available. The spring opened early, but excessive rain from May 5 to June 15 made it impossible to do much work on the land. The weather was. however, dry from July 1 to August 15. LIVE STOCK. Horses. — There are twenty head of horses on the Station, eighteen of which are work horses, and the other two drivers. Cattle. — Four cows, two Holsteins and two Ayrshires, are kept at the Station for the purpose of supplying milk to the employees. POULTRY. A start has been made with poultry, some seventy Plymouth Kocks being kept, most of which are doing well. FIELD HUSBANDRY. Seventy acres were sown to oats, 20 acres of this area being seeded to clover; 2 acres were sown to turnips, and 2 acres to beets. The crop of oats was excellent from one field of 10 acres, one area of one and a half acres yielding 150 bushels. Twenty tons of unthreshed oat straw were used as feed for the live stock. HORTICULTURE. Fruits. — Several varieties of apple and plum trees, currant bushes and raspberry canes have been planted during the last eighteen months, but their growth has been feeble. It will be necessary to transplant them, as the soil where they were planted is not deep enough, being very stony; in fact, several trees have died. Vegetables. — One acre was devoted to vegetables; the yields Were very good. Ornamental Gardening. — Several varieties of annual flowers were sown, and grew very well. There is little doubt that perennials will be able to stand the rigour of the winter at this Station. 106 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 3 GEORGE V. A. 1913 BUILDINGS. All the buildings erected by the military authorities are still available, but aa most of them are of only a temporary character, these will have to be torn down and re-built, except the water tank, the barn, the foreman-manager's house, and the five cottages at the edge of Spirit Lake, and even these ..will need extensive repairs before being of permanent use. During the year, a greenhouse, a small stable at the back of the barn, a pump-hou=e, and a small poultry-house have been constructed, and one of the shacks has been remodelled as a horse barn. WATER SUPPLY. The water supply for all the buildings on the Station is obtained from Spirit Lake, and is pimped into a reservoir of 30,000 gallons capacity, by a pump driven by a gasoline engine. CLEARING OPERATIONS. During' the fall, winter, and spring of 1916-17, 965 cords of pulp-wood were cut and hauled to the railway siding on the Station ready to be shipped. In the same period, 75 acres were cleared. EXHIBITIONS- Various farm product.?, grown at the Spirit Lake Station, were exhibited at the Amos fair, last falL EXPERIMENTAL STATION, KAPUSKASING, 0NT. REPORT OF THE FOREMAN-MANAGER, S. BALLANTYNE, ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STATION. Just four months after the European war broke out, several colonist cars were shunted into a lonely siding at MacPherson station, New Ontario. All that Mac- Pherson could boast of then was its station and water tank, a shack or two besides, and the deserted camps of the T.C.R. survey party on the banks of the Kapuskasing river. Nothing then could' be seen from the station but dense spruce forests rolling away to the sky line in every direction. This isolated station on the Kapuskasing river was chosen as a camp for the. interning of alien prisoners. By an arrangement between the Department of Militia and the Department of Agriculture, it was planned to utilize the prisoners' labour for the purpose of cutting down the timber and clearing the land for a Dominion Experimental Farm and for opening up aiid starting development in this portion of the great clay belt. The Kapuskasing camp and the Experimental Farm had its beginning on December 14, 1914, when Lieut. Swain and his men of the 19th regiment of Kingston, with fifty- four prisoners, were shunted into the siding overlooking the turbulent river. On Christmas Day over 100 more prisoners arrived under the escort of the Governor General's Body Guard of Toronto. With this number of prisoners the camp began to grow by leaps and bounds, trees began to disappear, the land became cleared, buildings began to go up, and MacPherson became the nucleus of a thriving camp; the farm was being slowly carved out. Every week or so numbers of prisoners arrived both from the east and the west, and gave fresh impetus to its growth and development. EXPERIMENTAL FA RMS 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 To-day when one steps off the train at MacPherson, south of the track a veritable farm of over 700 acres can be seen, the timber seeming to have disappeared as if brushed away by magic. On this farm spread along the right bank of the river lies the camp, the building:* being laid out in the form of a military square, while behind the station north of the track lies a little village of mushroom growth, the married quarters of the soldiers in camp. A3 one enters the camp south of the track he passes a cluster of buildings belong- ing to the commissiariat, and the regimental institute or soldiers' canteen. On the right side of the square on entering lie the numerous bunk-houses of the prisoners, the barracks of the soldiers, and the hospital buildings, while on the left lies the guard-house, the large recreation building of the soldiers, the blacksmith shops, the tool-house, carpenter shop, the buildings of the sergeants' mess and the administration or office building for the camp; while the officers' bungalow or residence overlooks the intervening space from the extreme end of the square, which is used as a parade ground. DESCRIPTION' OF STATION. The farm comprises 1,280 acres of land, the whole being comparatively level, with gentle slopes toward the river. There are very few coulees or ridges in the total area. Sinoe operations began here in the fall of 1914 there have been TOO acres of timber slashed down; of this area, 150 acres have been cleared, and 120 acres roughly stumped. There is practically then only about 250 acres fit for agricultural purposes the coming summer, the remainder of the slashed area needing to be picked up, burned and stumped, while the rest of the farm has still its dense growth of standing timber. Soil. — The land cleared has a soil of great fertility, being a rich, heavy clay loam, with a top soil of black muck. Drainage. — The farm has natural drainage, the land being slightly undulating, with a gentle slope towards the river. The system of artificial drainage is not com- plete as yet, but there has been over 1,000 feet of drains laid down around the farm, while the office and stables have a sewage and drainage system of 3-inch tile laid at a depth of 3 feet, which runs into 6-inch mains that conduct the sewage to the river. LIVE STOCK. The live stock at this Station consists, at the end of March. 1917, of fourteen horses. These have been used in the general farm work. FIELD HUSBANDRY. Last year about 50 acres of rough land were sown to oats, the yield from which was very favourable, considering the condition, of the soil. The crop was cut green and fed as roughage to the stock on the farm. This coming spring it is hoped to have at least 150 acres prepared for crops. HORTICULTURE. The first year the camp was opened, that i3 during the spring and summer of 1915, several acres of land along the river bank was planted with such vegetables as potatoes, carrots, onions, parsnips, lettuce, and radishes, which reached their maximum growth. In the summer of 1916, several small fruit trees and bushes were planted, some of which should be productive this coming summer. 108 bEl'AHTMEM VI' AUh'lL L LTLRE 8 GEORGE V, A. iG18 BUILDINGS. The farm buildings so far erected comprise the main barn, -which in itself includes the cow barn and the horse barn, four other buildings, the office, stableman's house, pump-house, and tbe carpenters' shed. The main farm building or barn is equipped with the Rutherford system of "ventilation, and in construction throughout is similar in design to the barns at the Central Farm at Ottawa. The cow barn, size 38 by 100 feet, has accommodation for forty head of cattle, is to be finished in concrete, and is equipped with stanchions and truck manure carriers. The horse barn is situated at the south end ot the main building, has fifteen single stalls and two box stalls, besides a harness room. Between the cow and horse barns at the north end of the buildings are the feed room and calf stalls. This main building is not completed as yet. but this coming summer should see all building operations on the main barn finished. WATER SUPPLY. The water supply to the farm is pumped from the river by a gasoline engine to the large storage tank at the barn, which has a capacity of 35.000 gallons. From this tank the water is distributed to the farm buildings through 2-inch mains. FARM OPERATIONS. Eighteen cars of gravel loaded at pit 2, a distance of over 82 miles from the camp, were Unloaded at the farm and used in the construction of buildings. Over 850 cubic yards of rock blasted from an outcropping of rock at the river were hauled and piled at the barn to be used this coming summer. In the fall of 1916 the mill operations, etc., produced a cut of 60.000 feet of lumber, while the past winter the mill cut 65,000 feet. During the winter the teams on the farm have drawn over 12-5 cords of firewood for the farm buildings and the employees, besides drawing wood for the camp; and have also drawn out about 300,000 feet of timber, which will be sawn this spring. EXPERIMENTAL STATION. M0RDEN. MAN. REPORT OF THE FOREMAN-MANAGER, CHAS. BOYLE. SEASONAL NOTES. The ground was not in workable condition until the end of April. The first half of May was cool and stormy, but the weather improved during the remainder of the month. Good growing weather was experienced in J une, but hot weather, with scorch- ing south winds, and a few damp days in July favoured the development of wheat rust. August was a month of fairly cool weather and heavy rainfall. The first frost occurred on September 15. and frost was also registered on the following two nights. Several inches of snow fell on October 17. followed by mild weather and bright sun- shine until November 12, when the mercury dropped to zero. Real winter did not set in till December 9. The temperature dropped to 33 degrees below zero on Decem- ber 19, and the first heavy snowfall of winter occurred December 26 and 27. LIVE STOCJC Horses. — Most of the horees at the Station are kept solely for farm work. A number of good grade Clydesdale mares are now included, however, and these will be used for breeding purposes. Four idle mares were fed during the winter on a AX PE H 1 M m TAL FA RM S 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 daily ration consisting of 4 quarts oats, 1 sheaf corn, 1 9heaf oats, and 1 pounds hay, at a cost of 14} cents per mare per day. Cattle. — The work with cattle on this farm has so far been confined to the finish- ing of steers for market. Twenty steers bought in 1915 were sold in 1916 at $8.75 per hundredweight. The average gain in weight during a feeding period of 204 days was 301 pounds, the average weight of the steers when sold being 1,321 pounds, and the net profit per head was $10.28. Thirty steers of very good quality were purchased in November, 191G, and divided into two lots for a feeding trial to compare the finishing of steers in a barn with those finished in a single-board shed and corral protected by a board fence. This experiment has not yet been completed. Sheep. — A flock of 50 grade ewes was purchased in the fall of 1915 for breeding purposes. These have all been bred to pure-bred Hampshire rams of good type and quality. The flock at the present time numbers 72 head and is in excellent condition. During the past winter a feeding experiment to demonstrate the value of rusted wheat sheaves was commenced, but has not yet been completed. FIELD HUSBANDRY. Crop yields. — Eight acres of the 1915 summer- fallow were seeded down to Marquis wheat before the middle of May. Germination was excellent and the crop outlook very good until July, when the hot weather, combined with a certain amount of rain and dampness, produced a destructive attack of rust in the district. Not only was the grain badly rusted, but the top of each head of wheat was badly shrivelled, so that even without the rust, the crop would have been rather less than average. As it was, the wheat was not fit to thresh, and a quantity was stacked for feed, while some was burned in the field. The remaining 20 acres of the summer-fallow were seeded to barley, cross-sow. d, to eradicate any couch-grass that might be left. The crop was light. An old brome pasture of 50 acres was seeded to oats. The yield was small, and the growth of straw light. The 35 acres seeded down to western rye grass and red clover yielded a fairly good first crop. Nine acres of last year's corn and root patch was seeded to alfalfa in June, and gave an excellent catch. The field was cut once, to combat weeds. About 8 acres were planted to field corn, which grew luxuriantly and yielded a good crop. The season was a very favourable one for corn, and should encourage farmers to grow corn for fodder more generally. The remaining 60 acres of cultivated land were summer-fallowed. Fifteen acres were kept black all season, and 45 acres seeded to fall rye about September 15. The germination was good, and promises well for a good stand in the spring, especially as the snowfall during the winter has been quite heavy, giving good protection. HORTICULTURE. Marked progress in the horticultural work at this Station was made last season. Hot-beds were established, a horticultural area was fenced, and plots laid out. Outside sowing of garden seeds commenced about May 5. For temporary protection from high winds and from snow drifts, rows of sun- flowers were grown round the tree nursery, the young orchard, and the vegetable plots. Permanent protection was also provided for by hedges of Siberian pea tree, Caragnna arborescens, and laurel-leaved willow. Fruits. — About 1,000 trees were planted in the orchard area in the spring of 1916. These made a healthy growth, and were in good condition when winter set in. Clean cultivation was followed in the orchard until the middle of July, when rape was sown. 110 DE-PA RTM EXT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1913 An area was also set aside for small fruits, and a number of varieties of rasp- berries, gooseberries, currants and strawberries were planted. Vegetables. — Potatoes were not a heavy crop in the Morden district last year. Other vegetables grown were artichokes, beans, beets, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauli- flower, carrots, celery, table corn, cucumbers, lettuce, musk melons, onions, parsnips, peas, pumpkins, radish, rhubarb, salsify, squash, turniips, and tomatoes. The comparison of home-grown versus commercial seed will be conducted with a number of these. Ornamental Gardening. — Further sowing and planting were done in the nursery, from which it is hoped to obtain most of the varieties of trees and shrubs required for the ornamental grounds at this Station. The season of 1916 was favourable for flowers, and an excellent display was obtained. Seed was collected from a number of varieties, and will be tested in 1917 in comparison with seed obtained from commer- cial sources. FARM IMPROVEMENTS. Buildings. — During the year an open shed and corral were put up for use in experimental work in feeding steers outside. A combined storeroom and tool shed, 12 by 20, was also built, and a small office building erected. Fencing. — Over three miles of boundary fencing was put up; 8-foot cedar posts and No. 9 Page woven wire fencing, 51 inches high, were used, two strands of barbed wire being above the woven wire. Machinery. — Some implements were purchased, including a corn harvester, a •praying outfit, and sheep-shearing equipment. MEETINGS. - • .' # Mr. S. A. Bjarnason, Assistant in Horticulture, addressed several agricultural society meetings on horticultural and farming topics. He also took an active part in the work of the local horticultural society, and gave lectures and demonstrations to the pupils of the Morden high school. EXPERIMENTAL b'ARMx Tit SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTAL FARM, BRANDON, MAST. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, W. C. McKILLICAN, B.S.A The season of 1916 in Manitoba was chiefly noted for the most serious attack of rust in the history of the province. Up to July 20 conditions for crop growth had been rather better than the average, and at that time crop prospects were very good. The rust attack reduced the yield and quality of the wheat crop to the worst in over twenty years. Oats and barley were also seriously damaged. The hay crop was better than usual, and fodder corn was fairly good. METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS, 191G-17, Months. 1916. 19K Total Highest Temper- ature F. 65 1 781 80 0 92-5 970 81-5 720 GO -5 44-5 380 30 0 42- 1 Lowest Temper- ature F. - 10 20 1 300 370 33-5 220 - 3-9 - 5-8 -40-2 -49 0 -44-0 -270 Total Rainfall. Inches. 0- 22 1- 59 4-33 2- 63 2-22 2-39 1-46 14 54 Total Snowfall, Inches. 7 0 9-5 1-5 90 200 90 10 57 0 Hours Rri-ht . Sunshine. 175 187 189 259 260 177 108 132 115 88-7 125 5 123 5 1.943 4 Reckoning 10 inches' of snowfall as equivalent to 1 inch of rainfall, the total precipi- tation for the year ending March 31, 1917, was 20 54 inches. LIVE STOCK. Horses. — Twenty horses are kept on the Brandon Farm. Three colts were b6rn during the year, one dying when a few days old. Three horses were wintered outdoors, being fed all the hay they could eat, and some oats in addition. All gained in weight, and did not appear to suffer from the cold. Cattle. — A carload of steers was purchased in November. They were divided into- two lots, both receiving the same feeds, except that one lot received oat sheaves and the other the same amount, of cut straw and chopped oats. The steers fed cut straw and oat chop made average gains of 236 J pounds at a cost of $7.9G per 100 pounds gain in weight; the lot fed oat sheaves made an average gain of 259 pounds at a cost of $7.41 per 100 pounds gain. Thirty-eight Shorthorns and four grades are kept at this Farm. Milk records were kept for all the cows that completed a milking period during the year. It was found that it cost $41.18 to raise a heifer from birth to one year, and $33.14 from one year to two years. 112 DEPARTMEN T OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Sheep. — The sheep at Brandon are Oxford Downs and grades. The lamb crop of 3916 was rather disappointing, only thirty-two lambs being raised. The sheep grading experiment was continued, and shows good results. The average wool clip was 9-2 pounds per sheep, or 64G pounds in all, and sold for $214.28. Swine. — Eighteen Yorkshires and twenty-eight Berkshire? were kept. Experiments in feeding showed that the cost of feeding a mature sow for a year was $26.32. Pas- turing tests were also carried on with good results, and the self-feeder was used to good advantage. A comparison between pigs fed grain alone, digester tankage and grain, and buttermilk and grain proved the value of milk as a hog-feed, with digester tankage an excellent substitute. poultry. . i The poultry flock consists of birds of the White Wyandotte and Barred Plymouth Rock breeds. The birds are housed in six movable colony houses, each large enough to accommodate 25 to 30 hens. The hens laid moderately well all winter, but the pullets did not start to lay until February. During the winter all the birds were trap-nested, and records of the egg yield per hen kept. Hatching was started on March 30, but did not prove so satisfactory as in previous years. Portable houses were used for brooding chicks, and proved fairly satisfactory. After hatching was over, the cockerels were crate-fattened and killed. BEES. Of four colonies wintered outside, three colonies survived, and of twenty-two colonies wintered in the cellar, twenty-one were found to be strong when the spring examination took place, while the remaining one was queenless and weak. The total yield of extracted honey for the season was 1,350 pounds. Special attention was given to swarm control. The methods employed were very successful, and resulted in the issuing- of only one swarm. The 10-frame Langstroth hive was used for the first time in the spring, and gave good satisfaction. FIELD HUSBANDRY. The work in field husbandry consists of crop" rotations and cultural investiga- tional work. Rotaiions. — In connection with the rotations, records are kept as to the cost of production of different crops in the rotation. The following eight rotations were tested :— * " D," four years' duration (wheat, wheat manured, oats, summer-fallow) : This is purely a grain-growing rotation, manure being applied every four years. " E," four years' duration (wheat, wheat, oats, summer- fallow) : This is exactly the same as " D," except that no manure is applied. " F," five years' duration (wheat, wheat, corn or roots, oats or barley, clover hay) : This is a mixed farming rotation suited to conditions where it is desired to grow both a large quantity of wheat and a large amount of fodder for stock. " G," six years' duration (wheat, wheat, oats and barley, clover hay, pasture, corn or roots) : This also is a mixed-farming rotation and allows for one-sixth of the land being in pasture. " H," six years' duration (wheat, wheat, summer-fallow, oats, hay, pasture) : This rotation is suitable where grain growing is the principal undertaking, but hay and pasture are also required. "I," six years' duration (flax, oats, summer-fallow, wheat, hay, pasture): In this rotation, flax is substituted for the wheat in the first year of " H." EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 " Q," eight years' duration (roots and peas, wheat or oats, hay, hay, pasture, pasture, pasture, green feed and rape) : The land used in this rotation is poor, and is used as a sheep farm. " W," ten years' duration ( wheat, wheat, corn or roots, oats, barley, alfalfa five years): This, rotation is adapted to a dairy or pure-bred stock farm, where the chief object in crop growing is the production of a large quantity of good fodder. Crop Yields. — "Wheat yielded from 5-1 to 20-3 bushels per acre, the attack of rust, of course, interfering considerably with the yields. The yields of oats varied from 26-5 to 68-3 bushels per acre, and of barley from 30-7 to 45-8 bushels per acre. Arthur peas yielded from 13 to 17 bushels per acre, and flax 14-9 bushels per acre. The yields of hay were fairly good; corn gave from 6-3 to 9-2 tons per acre, and mangels 15-4 tons per acre. Cultural Experiments. — The following cultural work was under investigatiuii during the year: Depth of ploughing summer-fallow and sod, summer-fallow and stubble treatment, seeding to grass and clover, breaking sod, application of barnyard manure, green manuring, seed-bed preparation, use of soil packers, commercial fertilizers. CEREALS. The yields of wheat were materially reduced by the disastrous rust attack, while the hot, dry, windy weather injured the oats and barley, even where they were not rusted; consequently the results from the year's work with cereals are of little value. Of three varieties of spring wheat, Marquis proved the highest yielder, with 32 bushels 30 pounds per acre. Eight of the Dominion Cerealist's varieties were also tested. Seventeen varieties of oats were tested in duplicate plots of one-fortieth of an acre each, Gold Rain giving the highest yield of 101 bushels 33 pounds per acre. This variety has given good results since first introduced, and also heads the five-year averages. Of the barleys, of which eight varieties were tested, Manchurian headed the list with 59 bushels 18 pounds per acre, and of the seven varieties of flax, Golden gave the highest yield of 20 bushels 30 pounds per acre. Mackay peas yielded at the rate of 41 bushels 40 pounds per acre. The experiment on the influence of environ- ment on seed oats, conducted in co-operation with three United States experiment stations, was continued. FORAGE CROPS. The season of 1916 was moderately favourable for the production of forage crops. Hay was a good crop, and corn and mangels fairly good. Indian Com. — Seventeen varieties of field corn were tested, being planted on May 25 and cut September 9. Longfellow yielded 12 tons 854 pounds per acre, and the results from Northwestern Dent were also very satisfactory. Boots. — Nineteen varieties of mangels and sugar beets were tested, and a com- parison was also made between Canadian-grown and imported mangel seed, which showed that the home-grown seed was as good as the imported. Nineteen varieties of turnips gave an average yield of 13 tons 1,892 pounds per acre, and of three strains of sugar beets, the Ontario seed gave the highest yield, and also the highest percentage of sugar in the juice. The average yield of five varieties of carrots was 17 tons 140 pounds per acre. Grasses and Clovers. — Thirteen kinds of grasses, clovers, and alfalfa were tested, and twelve mixtures of these crops were also tested under the same conditions. Baltic alfalfa, as in the previous year, gave the highest yield, 5 tons 1,120 pounds per acre. 16—8 114 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Three acres were sown to alfalfa for seed production. For annual hay production, green oats have been most satisfactory. A test was also made of crops suitable for the production of annual pasture, rape and common grain crops such as oats and barley ! oing found to be the best. HORTICULTURE. Fruits. — The only kinds of apple tree that have proven themselves reliable at Brandon are the cross-bred varieties originated by the late Dt. Wm. Saunders. Most of these again bore plentifully this year. No standard apple trees of more than six or seven years of age on the Farm are in a healthy condition. A good crop of Manitoba native plums was produced. Ten varieties of currants, two of gooseberries, eight of raspberries, and three of strawberries were grown and compared. Vegetables. — "Variety tests with different vegetables were carried out, and cultural experiments continued. With potatoes, tests of varieties and experiments with various methods of cutting and planting the seed were carried on. Ornamental Gardening. — The trees and shrubs did well this season, and there wa3 no winter-killing of any consequence. Variety tests with herbaceous perennials, tulips, roses and annuals were also conducted. BUILDINGS. A disastrous fire occurred on December 6, 1916, destroying the cattle barn, horse barn, and implement building, together with large quantities of feed, machinery, and equipment of all kinds. This was specially unfortunate in' regard to the cattle barn, as operations had just been completed in connection with the overhauling and modern- izing of the lower portion of the barn. The stable had been completely altered and made convenient and modern. New concrete walls had been put in instead of the old stone walls, which were crumbling apart and had become dangerous. The new concrete walls stood the fire well, and were used for a temporary stable during the winter, and will be suitable for the support of a new barn. A temporary roof of boards and straw was placed on these walls, and stalls fixed up to provide accommodati"n for as many as possible of the live stock. EXHIBITIONS. Travelling exhibits of an educational nature and illustrating the Experimental Farm work were sent out to a number of agricultural fairs throughout Manitoba. The following fairs were visited during 1916 : Carman, Neepawa, Roland, Miami, Morden, Carberry, Hartney, Manitou, "Waskada, Deloraine, Souris, Treherne, Minnedosa, CarB wright, Pilot Mound, Crystal City, Melita, Reston, Hamiota, Robjin, Dauphin and; Stonewall. A large exhibit of a similar nature, but more comprehensive, was shown at the Manitoba Provincial Exhibition at Brandon on July IT to 21. A horticultural exhibit was also made at the annual show of the Brandon Horticultural Society. MEETINGS. The superintendent addressed the annual meeting of the Manitoba Swine Breeders' Association on "Hog Pastures." No other meetings were addressed this year, war conditions making the holding of farmers' meetings very difficult. VISITORS. It is estimated that about 7,500 persons visited the Farm during the year. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXPERIMENTAL FARM. INDIAN HEAD. SASK. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, W. H. GIBSON, B.S.A. THE SEASON. The crop season of 1016 was most unsatisfactory for the production of cereal crops, in southern Saskatchewan. Forage and horticultural crops, however, produced large yields. Seeding of grain crops commenced April 24. High winds during the early part of May did considerable damage on the lighter soils, causing many farmers to rcseed. Later in the season many sections suffered from the effects of hail and rust, which did inestimable damage to grain crops. METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS, 1916-17. Month. Temperature. Precipitation. Total Sun- shine. Maximum. Minimum. Rainfall. Snowfall. Date. 27 20 9 15 3 S 13 5 3 8 6 29 77 80 82 90 90 80 70 55 42 40 34 36 Date. 1 19 23 25 27 19 12 20 31 0 14 36 40 33 24 9 -15 -36 -43 -50 -30 Days. 1 6 10 5 4 Ins. 0- 22 2- 75 3- 63 1- 52 118 3-72 0-25 Days. Ins. 21 2-25 7-50 14 50 100 4 25 Total for year 39 13-27 26 65-50 LIVE STOCK. Horses. — The horses at Indian ilead Experimental Farm are pure-bred and grade Clydesdales. In conjunction with the regular farm work considerable attention i3 given to breeding operations. During the past year three good filly foals were raised. The usual experiments were carried on relative to the cost of keeping work horses, cheap wintering of idle horses, together with the cost of raising 3-year-old fillies. The average cost of maintaining ten work horses from April 1, 191i>, to March 31, 1917, was $103.43 per horse. Cattle. — The breeding herd at Indian Head consists of Shorthorns, the matrons at the present time conforming principally to the beef type. With the growing demand for dual-purpose cattle in Western Canada, much etTort is being devoted to the produc- tion of a dual-purpose herd at the Farm, through the constant use of good dual purpose sires, and by paying the strictest attention to the dual-purpose type in the female. During the year a number of young bulls were sold for breeding purposes. Many of the cows, although conforming to beef type, are making very creditable 16— 8* 116 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 records as milk producers. The average cost of raising a calf from birth to 1 year old was $50.40, and of raising a heifer from 1 year old to 2 years old $21.99 on this farm. Sixty grade steers were purchased in the fall of 1916, and divided into four lots of 15 each, for the purpose of comparing the relative merits of the straw-stack shelter, open shed, open corral, and stable as winter shelters. Each group was fed the same daily ration, and all the hay they could eat. The grain ration was made up of wheat, barley, and pea screenings, ground into meal, together with a little bran to balance the ration. Notwithstanding the severely cold winter, the steers fed outside made com- paratively better gains than those fed inside, and an average profit of $17.52 per steer was realized on all lots. Sheep. — The sheep flock at Indian Head Farm now numbers 83 and consists of pure-bred Shropshires and grades. The grading experiment which was commenced two years ago is still in progress. The cost of wintering breeding ewes was found to average $3.96; the cost of wintering range ewes, $3.85; and the cost of wintering ewe lambs, $2.41. Fifteen of the best wethers were sold soon after weaning for &1 cents a, pound, realizing, on the average, $5.78 each. Twenty poorer ones, for which 7 cents a pound was offered on October 5, were kept and sold for the Christmas market at 9 cents a pound, a profit of $13.04 over feeding being realized. Swine. — The swine at Indian Head number 31, Yorkshires, Berkshire^ and grades. All the brood sows were wintered outside, and it cost $8.45 to carry an aged brood sow, and $7.68 to carry a young sow from December 1 to March 31. POULTRY. Work with poultry is increasing, the breeds kept being White Wyandottes and Barred Plymouth Bocks. During the year 444 chicks were hatched by artificial in- cubation. A Cande? coal brooder was used and gave entire satisfaction; it cost 19 cents a day for fuel while in operation. The total number of eggs laid during the year was 11,985. Trap-nesting was carried on throughout the winter months. A pen of White Wyandottes laid 3,52i eggs, at an average cost of 15-4 cents a dozen. These were sold at an average price of 24-5 cents a dozen, thus leaving a profit over cost of feed of 9-1 cents a dozen. A number of birds were caponized and allowed to run with the cockerels for a fattening period of three weeks, when it was found that they weighed from one to one and a half pounds heavier than the cockerels. Seventy cockerels were crate-fed for three weeks and1 realized a profit over costs of feed for the fattening period of 43 cents per bird. BEES. The six colonies wintered in the cellar came through in good condition. Two swarms issued during the summer, but, being weak, were united with the parent colon- ies. The amount of honey extracted during the season was 303 pounds, and this was] sold at 22 cents a pound, a profit of $16.01 being realized. FIELD HUSBANDRY*. Rotations. — The rotations carried on at Indian Head are as follows : — Botation " C, three years' duration (summer-fallow, wheat, wheat). This rota- tion is the most commonly followed in southern Saskatchewan. The main objections to it are the depletion of soil fertility and the facilitation of the introduction of weeds. Botation " J," six years' duration (summer-fallow, wheat, wheat, oats, seeded down, hay, pasture). /.'A I'llKlUEXTAL FARMS 117 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Rotation " P," eight years' duration (.summer-fallow, wheat, wheat, Bummer-fal- low, hoed crop, barley, seeded down, hay, pasture). Rotation "R," nine years' duration (summer-fallow, hoed crop, wheat, oats, sum- mer-fallow, wheat, oats, seeded down, hay, pasture). Rotations " J " " P," and " R " are all well suited to mixed-farming conditions. Crop yields. — The yields of wheat varied between 16 bushels 16 pounds and 42 bushels 57 pounds per acre; oats. ,47 bushels 23 pounds and 104 bushels 5 pounds per acre; barley, 22 bushels and CI bushels 43 pounds per acre; and flax, 9 bushels 10 pounds and 12 bushels 29 pounds per acre. Fall rye yielded 30 bushels 20 pounds per acre and held peas 45 bushels 10 pounds per acre. Cultural experiments— -The cultural investigational work consisted of experi- ments in the following: depth of ploughing, summer-fallow treatment, stubble treat- ment, seeding to grass and clover, breaking sod, applying barnyard manure, green manuring, seed-bed preparation, soil packers, depth of seeding, commercial fertilizers, under drainage. CEREALS. The usual work with cereals was conducted on uniform test plots, sixteen sorts of spring wheat, fourteen of oats, sixteen of barley, eight of field peas, and three of flax being tested. In the five-year averages, Marquis heads the list of wheats, with an average yield of 60 bushels 54 pounds. per acre; Danish Island was the highest yield- ing oat, with an average of 129 bushels 20 pounds; Canadian Thorpe, the highest yielding barley, 6 bushels 20 pounds; Mackay peas yielded, during the five years, an average of 49 bushels 38 pounds per acre; and Premost flax an average of 22 bushels 10 pounds per acre. FORAGE PLANTS. Indian corn. — Thirteen varieties of corn for ensilage were tested, and it has been found that the varieties most suitable to the Indian Head district are North- Western Dent, Early Longfellow, and Compton's Early. Free Press, Genu, and Quebec Yellow are earlier but yield less forage. Eleven and a half acres sown to North-Western Dent corn gave an average yield of a little over 7 tons per acre. Roots. — Twenty-two varieties of turnips, twelve of mangels, five of carrots, and three of sugar beets were grown, and in most cases gave a relatively higher yield than the previous season. An experiment to compare home-grown and commercial seed of mangels was also carried on. Clovers and Grasses. — A series of experiments was inaugurated during the sea- son to investigate the comparative values of the different hays and pasture grasses, the following, varieties being sown in duplicate plots of one-fortieth acre each : Brome grass, timothy, meadow fescue, tall oat grass, western rye grass, orchard grass, Ken- tucky blue grass, Canadian blue grass, and perennial rye grass. Three plots of west- ern rye grass were sown for seed production, different methods of seeding being used. Nine plots of red -clover were also sown for the same purpose. Experiments have shown that alfalfa is well adapted to climatic and soil conditions of southern Sas- katchewan. The most suitable varieties are Grimm's and Baltic. HORTICULTURE. Fruits. — The fruit crop was well up to the average. Cross-bred apples gave a fair crop of fruit, and the small-fruit bushes were well loaded. The standard varieties of apples at present under test have not yet fruited, but have made a good growth and promise well. 118 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Vegetables — The work with vegetables consisted of variety tests and cultural experiments. The potato crop promised exceptionally well, but owing to the extremely wet weather during September and October it was found almost impossible to get the tubers lifted, and a large percentage was undoubtedly lost. Ornamental Gardening. — Annual and perennial flowers were equal to those of any past season, while the beds of tulips were exceptionally fine, both in size and colour of flowers and the length of time the flowers remained in bloom. Trees and ornamental shrubs made a strong growth during the season, but, owing to the wet fall, the new wood was not well ripened when winter set in. BUILDINGS. A new poultry administration building was erected during the year, with base- ment suitable for incubation purposes. EXHIBITIONS. Two exhibits were sent out from this Farm during the past season, one operating on the Canadian Pacific Kailway main line between Moosomin and Regina, and the other on the Weyburn — Estevan line and towns in southern Saskatchewan. Twelve places were visited, namely, Rouleau, Milestone, Estevan, Alameda, Oxbow, Carnduff, Weyburn, Regina, Moosomin, Wapella, Whitewood, and Wolseley. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, RttSTHERN, SASK. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, W. A. MUNRO, B.A., B.S.A. THE SEASON. The season of 1916 may be termed an average one as to weather conditions. The precipitation for the year ending March 31, 1917, was 15-48 inches, and the average precipitation for six years ending the same date was 14-74 inches. The hours of sunshine for the year ending March 31, 1917, was 3,076-7, and the average for six years ending the same date was 2,158-2. There was an average snowfall, and the rain during the summer was well distributed, and the growing crops, including both field and garden, were promising up to August 3. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 , MEfEOROtOOICAli RECORDS, 1916-17. Temperature V • Total Month. Total tation' ■Sunshine. . Highest. Lowest . \I pun . 1916. a o -» Ins. Hrs. April 72-3 - 2-6 36-7 0 69 194-3 Mav 79-4 18 - 1 46-4 2-49 193-3 June. . .' 74-6 29-5 55-7 215 246-0 July 87-2 43 4 64-8 3-66 293-5 82-5 30-4 Do- 0 284- 1 September 77-2 22-2 49-6 0-68 183-1 64-8 9-6 36-2 0-81 116-2 50 0 - 5-3 23 8 0-20 108-5 December 37-1 ^32-2 2-6 015 94 0 1917. 34-5 -380 -9-25 0-95 75 0 34-2 -44-S -6-93 0-9 140-3 36-3 -340 14 06 0-35 148-4 Total 15-48 2,076-7 Average for years 1911-12-13-14-15 14-59 2,174-5 Total for five growing months, April to August, 1916 11-44 1,211-2 Average for five growing months, 1911-12-13-14-15 9-666 1.280-56 THE HAIL-STORM. The morning of August 3, 1916, was bright and hot, succeeding several days of very hot, dry weather. About noon heavy clouds began to appear in the west, and later these were rolling in different directions, some from the northwest and some from the southwest, and about 2 o'clock hail fell, driven by a strong northwest wind. The duration of the storm was just ten minutes. The width of the area affected was approximately six miles, and the general trend was ENE. So far as information can be gathered, the storm had its origin somewhere in Alberta, and swept a path all the way across the province of Saskatchewan to an indefinite region in northern Manitoba. Its path was ,not straight and was not single. It seems to have divided at different places. Nor was the direction of the wind the same in all places. At the Experi- mental Station the wind was from the northwest, and 2 miles south of the Station there was one large house with all windows broken on all sides, evidently indicating a whirlwind in the storm. This house stands about two miles north of the southern edge of the storm area. One hail stone measured 2 inches across, which was a fair average, and may be described as being the shape of a curling stone, i.e.. rather flat than spherical. At the Experimental Station, all grain crops were completely destroyed. Some of these crops were either driven completely into the ground or broken off and carried away by the wind, leaving only the rows of tops of the grain roots exposed. In other places the grain was broken off below the heads and the straw left in a tangled mass, while in other places there were all stages between these two extremes. Where the grain was completely cut off or driven into the ground there was no trouble experienced in going right on the land with a plough, but where it was left in a tangled mass it had to be raked, then mown and raked again to be either burned or hauled away. It could not be 120 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 burned before being cut because of the immediate growth of green stuff underneath} which left the tangled mass too damp for burning. The potato stalks were killed to the ground, and although the potatoes did not rot, .both the yield and the quality were unsatisfactory. The leaves of all root crops were broken off at the ground. The beets and mangels rotted at the crown in storage, the carrots and turnips developed new tops, but by the time frost came had not started to enlarge at the roots and at harvest time there was no more yield of turnips and carrots than there would have been at the time of the hail-storm. Much damage was done to shrubs and trees. The northwest sides of the trees were bruised so that the bark was left open in spots to the wood, and sometimes these spots were so close together that the circulation on the exposed side of the trees was alto- gether stopped. In bad cases it presented a little of the appearance of sun-scald. In this district there are many bluffs of poplar trees, about 40 feet high, and any that were in the path of the storm presented a late-autumn appearance, being very much denuded of leaves. The damage was not confined to vegetation. Numbers of blackbirds and meadow larks were found dead immediately after the storm, and the next day numbers of the same kinds of birds were hopping about with broken wings, and one dead rabbit, evi- dently killed by the storm, was found. There was a large number of poultry killed in the district, and wild ducks were found dead on the edges of the ponds. The hordes that were in the fields became frantic, and there were two run-aways on the Experi- mental Station. LIVE STOCK. Horses. — The horses include fourteen head of work horses and two drivers. One mare died of colic in September, but all the others have been in good condition through- out the year. Cattle. — The herd has increased to twelve head, including a Holstein bull sent; from the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa. The cows include two pure-bred Holsteins, one grade Holstein, and two grade Shorthorns. Besides the dairy cattle, seventy-three steers were purchased in October for feeding purposes. These were fed in four lots during the winter, to test the value of hailed-out straw. Sheep. — From the one hundred ewes and three rams purchased in November, 19l3jj there was a total of one hundred and seventy-five in the fall of 1916. Out of these, thirty-three wether lambs and twenty-seven old ewes were killed and dressed, leaving a larger and better flock than at the beginning. The sale of the wool through the Co- operative Organization Branch of the Saskatchewan Department of Agriculture was very satisfactory. FIELD HUSBANDRY. Besides the regular experimental work, a great deal was done in further bringing into proper condition the land purchased two years previously. The great task is check- ing the wild oats, and attempting to eradicate them. The quarter section that had been summer-fallowed in 1915 was sown to oats and barley and showed a much-diminished growth of wild oats; the quarter section that was cropped since fallowing was twice ploughed shallow in the spring and sown late to oats, and the third quarter was fal- lowed. After the hail-storm a tractor was purchased and about one hundred acres ploughed with it. CEREALS. There were under test in 1916, seventeen varieties of wheat, twenty of barley, twelve of oats, and thirteen of peas. These were all doing well until destroyed by the hailstorm on August 3. One plot of Marquis wheat sown on November 6, 1915, was doing particularly well. EXPER1 UEXTAL FABM& 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 FORAGE PLANTS. All forage crops were promising a good yield in 1916 till the time of the hail- storm on August 3. Some of the hay had been harvested, but the remainder was all destroyed. All root crops were so injured that the yields were unreliable for compar- ison, and the corn was ruined. Millet was tried for the first time, and was not promis- ing. HORTICULTURE. Fruits. — The plums continued to make good growth, but many of the apples trees suffered severely from winter-killing. A few quarts of apples were obtained from some of the trees. The strawberries and raspberries suffered somewhat from winter-killing, but the currants proved hardy. Some gooseberries bore for the first time since the Station was established. Vegetables. — The whole vegetable garden was very promising till it was destroyed by hail. The tomatoes especially were a very promising crop. The results in potatoes were quite different from what they were in previous year-, which may be accounted for by the stalks being destroyed by the hail before the pota- toes were mature. Ornamental gardening. — The flower border, and especially the perennial border, is becoming better every year. The display begins with tulips early in May and ends with asters in the autumn. The shrubs planted along the driveway are becoming well enough developed to show the advantage of their massed effect. BUILDINGS. When three quarter-sections of land were added to the Experimental Station the buildings were not adequate to the necessary extra live stock and equipment, and during 1916 some additions were made. The barn, which had been arranged to accom- modate eight horses and five cattle and allow a driveway and room for several rigs, was rearranged to hold nineteen horses in stalls and two in a box stall. The old stable that was on the farm at the time of its purchase in 190S was tem- porarily arranged to accommodate ten cattle, and equipped with adequate ventilation. A new implement shed, 24 feet by SO feet, 7 feet at the back and 10 feet at the front, was built which, together with the former building. 20 feet by 80 feet, affords sufficient accommodation for the implements and machines. A sheep barn, 20 feet by 68 feet, with 12-foot posts was built. This is large enough to accommodate about a hundred sheep. EXHIBITIONS. A large exhibit displaying various phases of the work of the Experimental Station was assembled and shown at thirteen fairs. 122 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 EXPERIMENTAL STATION, SCOTT, SASK. REPORT OF THE ACTING SUPERINTENDENT, M. J. TINLINE. B.S.A. SEASONAL NOTES. The season of 1916 was wet and cool. The precipitation of 16-88 inches for the six growing month? is much above the average. Cold weather continued up to May 6. Seeding only commenced on April 20, almost a week later than usual, but while crops of all kinds were late starting, they made good progress during the early summer. Flail-storms were more prevalent than u>ual, and did much damage in some districts. A frost on August 11, followed a few days later by three days of wet weather, did serious damage to the wheat crops, in many districts. Cool, wet weather during the late summer delayed harvest operations, and a number of fields were injured by a frost on September 14=; threshing operations were also much delayed, and a considerable percentage of the grain crops was not threshed until November. The ground froze too hard for cultivation on November 4. METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS, 1916-17. 1916. April May June July August September. October November. December. 1917. January. . February March Month. Temperature F. Highest. 74-2 77- 8 78- 0 87-0 830 78-0 490 03 -8 47-2 43-2 400 37-8 Total for the year. Lowest. 91 17-8 32 3 380 30-2 20-4 23-7 - 2-2 -31-8 -41 0 -48-8 -31-2 Precipitation. Rainfall. Inches. 0- 25 2- 54 4-25 404 3- 87 1- 66 010 Snowfall. Inches. - 0-27 0-40 0 05 2-5 0-60 015 003 Total. Inches. 0- 52 2- 54 4-25 404 3- 87 1- 66 0-50 0 05 2- 5 0 60 0 15 003 16-71 4 CO 20-71 LIVE STOCK. Horses. — There are now seventeen horses on the Scott Station, two colts having been foaled in 1916. Records are kept of the time horses were at work, and the cost of food, etc.. for the year. Experiments on .wintering idle horses, cost of raising horses, and feeding methods, were continued. Cattle. — One grade Shorthorn cow and calf are kept at this Station for the purpose of supplying the employees with milk. Two carloads of steers were purchased in the fall for feeding experiments. One lot is being fed in a frame shed, the other lot in a high-board corral. nXI'HIil.YlhWTA L FAlUta 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 The herd of cattalo continued in good condition throughout the summer. Late in December they were shipped to the Buffalo park, Wainwright. No increase in the herd took place during the year. Sheep. — The lamb crop was lower than usual, and severe losses were also sustained from the depredations of dogs. A good crop of wool was secured, the average weight per fleece amounting to 31 pounds. Swine, — Six Berkshire sows and a Berkshire boar were kept at the Station, and were housed in two portable hog cabins. The average cost of feed per sow for the six months ending March 31, 1917, was $5.93. FIELD HUSBANDRY. Rotations. — An investigation into the best kinds and arrangements of crops for rotations suitable to northwestern Saskatchewan continues as one of the most important lines of work at this Station. The following rotations are being tested: — Rotation " A," wheat continuously : An anthracnose disease appearing in the field taken up by this rotation made the yield unusually low. Rotation " C," three years' duration (summer-fallow, wheat, wheat). Rotation " J,'' six years' duration (summer-fallow, wheat, wheat, oats seeded down, hay, pasture) : This rotation has,, since its inauguration, produced uniformly substantial revenues, the average profits for the past five years being $8.18 per acre. It is planned to try this rotation on a more extensive scale, using six 20-acre fields. Rotation " P," eight years' duration (summer-fallow, wheat, wheat, summer-fallow, peas, barley, hay, pasture) : This rotation is intended for a farm where diversified farming is carried on. Rotation " R," nine years' duration (summer-fallow, peas, wheat, oats, summer- fallow, wheat, oats, hay, pasture) : The profit per acre from this rotation in 1916 was $13.04. Crop Yields. — Marquis wheat, on breaking, gave a yield of 41 bushels 51 pounds per acre: and Victory oats, on breaking, 113 bushels 7 pounds per acre. O.A.C. No. 21 barley yielded 55 bushels per acre; and Arthur peas, on summer-fallow, 36 bushels 13 pounds per acre. The yield of early potatoes averaged 202 bushels 20 pounds per acre. The yields of hay and field corn were fairly good. Cultural Experiments. — Experiments in cultural work included the following: Rates of seeding wheat and oats; dates of seeding wheat, oats, barley, and flax; prairie breaking; summer-fallow and stubble treatment; seeding clown to grass and clovers; use of barnyard manure; green manuring; depth of seeding; seed-bed preparation. CEREALS. The system of making duplicate tests of all varieties of grain was followed. A uniform stand of all kinds of grain was secured. The flax crop was injured by the August frost, while late-maturing varieties of wheat, including Red Fife, were caught by the frost on September 14. On the seed plots, good crops were secured. A 30-acre field of Marquis yielded 41 bushels 50 pounds per acre. Victory and Banner oats yielded 113 bushels and 111 bushels per acre, respectively. In addition, Ligowo oats, O.A.C. No. 21, Manchurian and Black Japan barleys, and Arthur peas were grown to supply seed for the Station and to sell to farmers in limited quantities. In all, seventy farmers were supplied, and a total of 1,600 bushels sold for seed purposes. 124 DEPAETMEN1 OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 FORAGE CRCTS. Indian Corn. — Variety tests with Indian corn were again conducted. Eleven varieties were tested, the yields ranging from 2 tons 1,633 pounds to 7 tons 1,293 pounds, per acre, Salzers North Dakota being the heaviest yielder. Boots. — Of the root crops, turnips gave yields varying from 17 tons 1,975 pounds to 39 tons 550 pounds per acre, twenty-five varieties being tested; the yields of the thirteen varieties of mangels were from 230 bushels to 580 bushels per acre; three varieties of sugar beets yielded, on the average, 177 bushels per acre; and five varieties of carrots ranged in yield from 10G bushels to 253 bushels per acre. Grasses and Clovers. — Variety and soil cultural tests were carried out with alfalfa, Grimm's proving the best yielder. Variety tests were also carried out with grasses and clovers. Good crops of hay were secured from old hay fields, but the crop from the 1915 seeding was light. HORTICULTURE. Owing to the severe winter, loss of shade trees, apple trees and perennial flowers was very heavy. Some 13 degrees of frost was recorded on September 14. Cuttings made from the willows and poplars in November showed frost damage. Many of the more tender kinds failed to grow. Warm weather for two weeks in February, followed by a cold March, may have aggravated the injuries received in the fall. The spring of 1916 was late, and no doubt many of the trees would have survived had the spring been favourable. From an experimental standpoint, the losses sustained are well worthy of con- sideration, since hardy varieties came through with little damage, and the more tender kinds were in many instances killed out. Small Fruits. — The hardy kinds of fruit bushes made a splendid showing during the past season; the cultural experiments with the different kinds of fruits have been continued, and a good crop of black currants, gooseberries, and raspberries was secured, while the yields from the red and white currants and strawberries were not so satisfactory. Ornamental Gardening. — In the 'flower garden, flowering bulbs and annual flowers made a splendid showing. Pa?onies and iris are two of the hardiest kinds of perennials under test. FARM IMPROVEMENTS. Buildings. — A sheep shed, 24 by 67 feet, was built. This building is one story, frame, with a shingle roof; the walls were sheathed with rough lumber, using battens to cover the joints. Ample light was provided for. The importance of dryness, plenty of light, and sufficient ventilation for sheep cannot be overestimated. Fencing. — Over half a mile of woven wire fencing was erected. The dam in the ravine in the pasture was built higher. Later in the autumn approximately half a mile of roadway was graded up. EXHIBITIONS. An exhibit from the Station was displayed at Saskatoon, Plenty, Kerrobert, Kin- dersley, and Alsask. MEETINGS. Changes in the staff on the Station have prevented as much extension work as was done in previous years. During the season, however, the Acting Superintendent EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 addressed several meetings held by farmers' organizations. He placed the awards at a school fair held at Cut Knife, and assisted in judging the horticultural exhibit at the Wilkie fair. During the harvest season he inspected numerous fields of wheat in the surrounding district to determine the extent of injury from the frost and wet. v EXCURSIONS. During the midsummer months the following farmers' organizations held picnics at the Station : Scott Farmers' Club, East Prospect Grain Growers' Association, Wilkie Agricultural Society. In addition, the Narrow Lake Homemaker's Club and two Sunday Schools were entertained. A total of 1,000 persons attended these gather- ings. VISITORS. It has been estimated that 2,636 persons visited the Station during the year 1916-17. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, LETHBRIDGE, ALTA. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, W. H. FAIRFIELD, M.S. THE SEASON. The precipitation during the growing season was unusually heavy for southern Alberta. All cereals, roots, and other grains did better than the average; especially was this true of the wheat crop. Coming, as it has, right after 1915, which was in itself a marvellous growing year, 1916 has enabled this part of the country to set a high-water mark for two consecutive seasons' production which, to say the least, have been remarkable. The months of January and February of 1916 will long be remembered for the severe cold spell which lasted from the 8th of January to the 12th of February, with scarcely a day when the temperature rose above zero. For the month of January the average mean temperature was 9 degrees below zero. Just before the cold spell set in there was a fall of snow all over the country, and this remained without drifting until the " Chinook " came. Then a week's very mild weather melted the snow without taking it all off into the air, and the whole prairie was covered with sloughs and ponds. Work on the land was commenced as early as March 10 on a few farms in the district, and became quite general by the last of March. The first surface cultivation of the land done on the Station was on March 21, and it was on this date that the first seeding was done. Heavy winds during April and May caused soil drifting, and the spring was back- ward and cold right through May, with no rainfall till the 22nd. Up to that time, while most of the crops were up above the ground, they had made little noticeable growth. After May 22, rains of three and four days' duration were quite frequent. The total precipitation for April, May, and June was 7-77- inches. During July and August, seasonably warm weather hastened the crops along to maturity. The last frost in the spring was on May 18, when 31-6 degrees was recorded. The first frost in the fall was September 14, 31-2 degrees being recorded. 126 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS, 1916-17. Temperature F. Month . Precipi- Sunsli ine. tat ion . Mean . Maximum M in i tii u m Inches. Hours. 1916. 44-35 78- 1 18-5 0-46 230-3 46-95 77-2 220 3-77 230-2 00 1 63 • 2 32- 6 3-54 225-9 July 63-6 890 40- 0 3-33 291-4 60- 0 84-0 35-2 2-97 333-8 52-77 78-1 240 4-66 161-4 39-39 75 0 18 0 1-99 180-2 32-25 63 0 -17-5 0-49 140-8 120 50-0 360 0-51 96- 1 1917. 80-9 13 1 48-5 — 41-8 0-73 111 53-5 — 41 5 0-27 96-7 26-3 590 170 010 153-5 22-82 2,221-2 LIVE STOCK. Cattle. — Twenty-seven 2-year-old steers were purchased locally, divided into three lots, and fed in the open. The two main objects were to compare alfalfa hay as a roughage with a mixture consisting of three-fourths alfalfa and one-fourth green feed, and to compare the profits derived from long and short feeding. The meal ration of the first lot, which, like the second lot, was fed alfalfa hay and green feed as a roughage, was increased more rapidly than the other two lots, the feeding period being 95 days, while for lots 2 and 3, the feeding period was 154 days. The short-feed steer3 made a net profit per head of $22.71, sold at $9.68 per 100 pounds and cost 19 cents to produce 1 pound gain, while the long-feed steers on the same rations made a net profit of $26.63 per head, sold at $10.70 per 100 pounds, and cost only 16 cents to pro- duce 1 pound gain. The two lots fed the same length of time on different roughages confirmed the previous findings, that alfalfa hay and green feed gave slightly higher gains and more satisfactory returns than alfalfa hay alone. Sheep. — Two cars of range lambs were purchased in October, 1915. Half of them were fed until March, and then disposed of at $9.72 per hundredweight. The remainder were kept for shearing, and sold in May at $9.75 per hundredweight, $411.92 being received for the wool, the average weight of each fleece being 5-6 pounds. The net profit on the short-feed lambs was $1.76 per head, while for those sold in May the net profit was $3.12 per head. A flock of one hundred range ewes was purchased in November, with a view to grading up by using pure-bred Shropshire sires, and also to ascertain Whether it is possible to maintain grade sheep on pastures of cultivated grasses. POULTRY. The flock at Lethbridge is composed of the Barred Rock and White Leghorn breeds, the former appearing to be the more suitable breed for Lethbridge conditions. There were 472 chickens raised to maturity in 1916. Most of them were raised in the Candee coal-stove brooder. In a laying test between 45 Barred Eock pullets and an EX I ' ERIM EH TA L FA R M 8 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 equal number of hens of the same breed, all being fed alike, the pullets laid 589 eggs in three mouths, and the hens only 85. The pullets are all trap-nested, and those making the poorest returns disposed of. the better ones being retained for breeding purposes. BEES. The results from the apiary in 1910, were not quite so satisfactory as the previous summer. Three hives that were wintered in the cellar came through in much better condition than the two wintered in cases outside. One more colony was made by division, and swarming was prevented by cutting away all queen cells formed. The total amount of honey extracted was 172 pounds, and was sold at 17 cents per pound. FIELD HUSBANDRY. Rotations. — In connection with the work with rotations, there have been no striking results obtained during the past season. The following rotations are under test: — Rotation " A " : Wheat continuously. Rotation "B"; Two years' duration (wheat, summer-fallow). Rotation "C": Three years' duration (summer-fallow, wheat, wheat or coarse grain). Rotation "M": Six years' duration (summer-fallow; wheat; coarse grain, man- ured in fall ; summer-fallow ; peas and oats for hay ; barley or oats) . Rotation " S M: Nine years' duration (summer-fallow; hoed crop; wheat ; summer- fallow; wheat; coarse grain; summer-fallow, manured; peas and oats for hay; rye pasture). Rotation "T": Ten years' duration (summer-fallow; wheat; oats or barley; seeded to alfalfa; alfalfa hay or seed; alfalfa hay or seed; alfalfa hay or seed; summer- fallow; hoed crop; wheat, manured in fall). The following rotations are irrigated : — Rotation "U": Ten years' duration (seeding alfalfa; alfalfa for five years; hoed crop; wheat; oats; barley). Rotation " V " : Alfalfa continuously. Rotation "X": Fifteen years' duration (seeding alfalfa; alfalfa for nine years: barley ; corn ; wheat ; oats ; peas) . Crop yields. — The yields of field crops in all cases were particularly high, with the exception of alfalfa hay on the irrigated land, which was distinctly lower than normal, owing, no doubt, to the fact that the large number of cloudy, rainy days interfered with its rapid growth, for on irrigated land, where the moisture is supplied artificially, alfalfa produces the greatest tonnage in seasons which have the greatest number of sunshiny, hot days. Cultural experiments. — The following is a brief summary of the results obtained from the cultural experiments carried on during the five years just past: — In the "summer-fallow treatment" S-inch ploughing in June gave better results than shallower ploughing. The average yields of wheat for five years from 4-inch, 6-inch, and 8-inch ploughing are, respectively, 31-9 bushels, 34-2 bushels, and 36-8 bushels. When a crop of rape was raised on the land and pastured off, in lieu of summer-fallow, the yield was reduced approximately 10 bushels per acre. Of the plots ploughed for fallow May 15, June 15, and July 15, the one ploughed June 15 gave the highest average yield, and July 15 the lowest. In the " applying manure " experiment, apply- ing manure after the crop is sown in the spring has given good results with wheat, oats, and barley. In the "green manure" experiment there is no apparent advantage in ploughing under a green crop. It has reduced the yield in every case. In the 128 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 " seed-bed preparation " experiment, the better the preparation given the greater the crop obtained. In the " packing experiment," the subsurface packer gave better results than either the surface or combination packer. In the "depth of seeding" experiment, where the seed is sown 1, 2, 3, and 4 inches deep, that sown 2 inches and 3 inches deep gave better returns than the plots put in either 1 or 4 inches deep. Spring ploughing, on the average, gave better results than fall ploughing. The results of a five-year experiment in which wheat, oats, barley, and flax Avere sown at ten days' to two weeks' interval would indicate that, at Lethbridge, the latest date at which it is possible to sow these grains on fallow, with a reasonable assurance that they will ripen before frost, is as follows: Wheat, May' 12; oats. May 24; and flax, about May 24 or 25 ; barley, June 1. CEREALS. Excellent crops of all the cereals were obtained. The yields, although not quite so heavy as in 1915, were nevertheless, very much better than normal. Of sixteen vari- ties of spring wheat tested, Huron yielded 77 bushels 15 pounds per acre, the average yield for the past four years of this variety on irrigated land having been 64 bushels 24 pounds per acre. Danish Island oats yielded 159 bushels 24 pounds per acre, and Invincible barley 99 bushels 3 pounds per aere. Chancellor peas gave 57 bushels per acre; and Montana flax, 20 bushels 20 pounds per acre. Silver Hull buckwheat gave 45 bushels 30 pounds per acre, and spring rye 52 bushels 43 pound per acre. FORAGE PLANTS. Indian Corn. — Thirteen varieties of Indian corn gave an average yield of 9 tons 835 pounds per acre; the highest, Salzers Xorth Dakota, yielding 14 tons per acre. Boots. — The turnips on the non-irrigated area gave an average crop of 34 tons 1.178 pounds per acre, and on the irrigated area, 25 tons per acre. Eleven varieties of turnips were under test. The irrigated area sown to mangels gave a crop of 19 tons 1,904 pounds per acre, and the non-irrigated area 19 tons 1,965 pounds per acre. Experiments showed that medium-sized mangel seed gave larger returns than either small or large seed. An experiment comparing home-grown and commercial mangel seed was not conclusive. On the irrigated area, five varieties of carrots gave an aver- age yield of 18 tons 1,770 pounds per acre, while on the non-irrigated area only 1 ton 1,630 pounds per acre was obtained. Four varieties of sugar beets were also tested. Grasses and clovers. — Alfalfa, which is the main hay crop on the irrigated lands in the Lethbridge district, did not yield as well as usual. Winter-killing was observed to a limited extent. The quality of hay obtained was better than in 1915. HORTICULTURE. Fruits. — Practically all apple trees old enough to produce, except the crab-apples, winter-killed. Plum trees stood the winter well and bloomed freely, but an untimely frost allowed little fruit to set. Currants, raspberries, and strawberries did not pro- duce as well as usual, and the berries were smaller. Vegetables. — The usual variety tests with vegetables were continued, and various cultural experiments were also carried on. On the non-irrigated area, Gold Coin potatoes gave a yield of 570 bushels per acre, 530 bushels of which were marketable. In the four-year averages this variety also heads the list. Ornamental Gardening. — Many varieties of annuals, herbaceous perennials, and bulbs were grown. A number of trees and flowering shrubs were seriously affected by the severe winter. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS I 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 NO IRRIGATION NECESSARY. Again in 191G as in the season previous, the generous rains that came during the time the crops were growing made irrigation unnecessary for general field crops on the irrigated part of the farm. It is remarkable to have two seasons in succession •with the rainfall such that the application of water to the growing crop would not increase the yield. In the last fifteen years there have been only three seasons, 1902, 1915, and 1916, when such has been the case in the Lethbridge district. During the season just past, however, the crops on the hay and grass lands were greatly improved in yield by irrigation in early May. EXHIBITIONS. The Lethbridge Experimental Station again sent an exhibit to the following thirteen fairs in southern Alberta: Calgary, High River, Nanton, Claresholm, Stanley, Vulcan, Carmangay, Macleod, Gleichen, Raymond, Cardston, Taber, and Grassy Lake. EXCURSIONS AND VISITORS. Three excursions or farmers' picnics were held in July. Arrangements were made with the Canadian Pacific to run special trains to and from the Station on July 18 from Medicine Hat, on the 19th from High River, and on the 20th from Calgary via Alderside. On the first day rain started early in the morning, but on the other two days the weather was fair. In all there were 800 fares collected on the trains. During the year there has been a large number of people visit the Station; over 2,610 have been counted, although there were doubtless many more than this. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, LAC0MBE, ALTA. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, G. H. HUTTON, B.S.A. THE SEASON. The spring of 1916 was favourable for an early commencement of work on the land, the first seeding of wheat being done on April 10, and practically all seeding being concluded before the first of May. The temperatures during the growing season were below normal, and this fact, together with an unusually heavy precipitation, delayed the maturity of crops considerably beyond the average date for the commencement of harvest, and also interfered with the harvest operations. A frost on August 10 did damage on certain areas. It seemed to pass over the country in well-defined waves, and those districts which were in the trough of these frost waves, suffered to quite an extent. Fortunately most districts contained areas which escaped, and from these, seed for the coming year has been obtainable. Even where frosted, the grain has been used to excellent advantage for feeding stock, and has been marketed through that channel at a price above the average for No. 1 grades. Because of the difficulty experienced in harvesting crops, little fall ploughing was done. The winter of 1916-17 has been cold and windy, with the result that heavy demands have been made by all classes of live stock on the feed supply. Indications are that work on the land in the spring of 1917 will begin much later than usual. 16—9 130 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS, 1916-17. Month. Max. Date. Min. Date. Precipita- tion. Sunshine. 0 0 Ins Hour 1916. 71-8 26 17-9 22 0-600 201 1 71-8 2 19-9 9 2 043 179-3 77-9 17 28-8 3 3-570 198-1 82-8 16 36 1 5 4-311 229-5 go. 8 13 28-9 U 5-218 253-0 76-8 17 23-4 28 3-055 176-0 74-7 15 16-9 28 1013 138-6 56-3 2 — 18-1 12 0-400 1220 440 2 -40-2 27 0-400 94-3 1917. 42-8 8 -49-8 31 0-75 73-8 42-3 14 -45-7 1 0-52 1191 48-3 4 — 14 9 3 0-33 184- 1 22-21 1,968-9 LIVE STOCK. Horses. — The horses at the Lacombe Station number twenty-six, and include five pure-bred Clydesdales and two pure-bred Percheron mares. The cost of carrying three colts, rising 2 years old, for one year, amounted to $53.06 each, the colts making average gains of 433-3 pounds each during the year. All the horses not required for work were turned out in the fall, and fed straw during the winter. All the horses lost weight, but since straw only was fed, the cost of feed for the winter amounted to only 4 cents a day. Dairy Cattle. — There are now twenty-three pure-bred Holstein cattle in the dairy herd. The milk flow has been maintained up to a profitable point, and the health of the cattle improved by the use of a succulent ration of ensilage made from peas and oats. During the winter months all the milk was manufactured into Cheddar cheese, the average returns per cow being $167.12. Beef Cattle. — The herd of Aberdeen Angus cattle comprises twenty-nine head. An experiment to discover the cost of gains made by young cattle on pasture showed that in eight months these cattle made average gains of 256 pounds each at a cost per pound gain of 3-39 cents. Twenty-two steers, rising 2 years old, were run on a fenced section from May 24 to October 19, and made an average gain of 318 pounds per head. Two car-loads of 2- year-old steers were fed during the winter. Both received similar rations as regards bulky fodder, but one lot was fed a ration of frosted wheat, while the other was fed a grain ration consisting of equal parts of oats and barley. The group fed on frosted wheat made a net profit per head of $3.38 more than the group fed oats and barley, thus seeming to show the superiority of the former feed a3 a grain ration over the latter. Sheep. — In 1916 seventeen lambs were raised from sixteen common grade ewes, the flock now numbering forty-five. The ewes from the first cross of Shropshire blood on range stock in the grading-up experiment are being bred for the first time in 1917. The first cross weighed, when eighteen months old, an average of 6 pounds each more EXPERIMENTAL FIRMS 131 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 than their dams, and when fully matured will probably show an increase of from 15 to 20 per cent. The wool yield appears to be improved in that it carried a reduced grease content and increased length of staple. The wool sales for the year amounted to $107.63. Swine. — An experiment to determine the relative value of barley, wheat, sweet clover, rape, and alfalfa for hog pastures was carried on during the year. The alfalfa and rape produced the most economical gains, and carried 1,518-9 pounds and 1,786-1 pounds of hogs per acre, respectively. Since there has been considerable inquiry as to the value of whey for hogs, an experiment was carried on for the purpose of securing (information covering this point. It was shown that 100 pounds of sweet whey fed to hogs ranging in weight from 50 to 150 pounds, effected a saving of 19-146 pounds of grain. Hogs on the self feeder versus a group fed a 3 per cent grain ration showed much more rapid gains, though this year gains were made at greater grain cost. The hogs on the self feeder showed tremendous time saving, amounting to 51 days in a 92-day test. Self-fed frosted wheat, valued at $1 per bushel, produced pork during the winter months at a cost of 7-62 cents per pound, while oats valued at 43 cents and barley at 80 cents per bushel, and fed in equal parts through a self feeder, cost 8-9 cents for 1 pound of pork. The cost of wintering sows has been shown to be $20.90, and the cost of pigs at weaning time, estimating six pigs to the litter, figures out at $3.48 for aged sows and $2.99 for gilts with first litters. POULTRY. The stock of poultry at Lacombe consists of 70 hens, 126 pullets, 36 cockerels, 4 cocks, and 8 capons of the Barred Plymouth Rock, White Wyandotte, and S.C. Rhode Island Red breeds, 9 geese, 1 duck, and 4 turkeys. The number of eggs set was 3,257, and from these 1,612 chicks were hatched in a Candee incubator. Satisfactory yields of eggs were secured during the winter, the cost to produce being 17-2 cents per dozen. Trap-nesting showed that a pen of White Wyandotte pullets gave an egg yield of 60-2 per cent during the four winter months. During the year losses were experienced among the ducks, due to foxes, and among the turkeys from blackhead. BEES. Of the four colonies put away in November, three were alive and strong when removed from the cellar in April, the three living colonies having consumed an average of 23 pound- of'honey during the winter. Two queen bees were imported, and nuclei made to receive them. The honey yield amounted to 70 pounds and sold at 20 cents a pound, the total profit on the apiary for the year being $10.45. Six colonies were removed to their winter quarters on November 4. FIELD HUSBANDRY. Rotations. — The profits from the rotations were lower than usual this year, owing to the frost which reduced the yields. Rotation "C," three years' duration (wheat, wheat, summer -fallow) : The results from this rotation show the folly of depending on one crop, especially in this section of Alberta. Rotation " L," six years' duration (hay, pasture, pasture, wheat, oats, barley seeded down). Rotation " K," six years' duration (hoed crop; peas or mixed grain, wheat, oats or barley, seeded down; hay, manured in autumn; pasture; pasture): This mixed- Id— 9i 132 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 farming rotation is similar to " L," except that a crop of roots is grown in place of one grain crop. Rotation " 0," seven years' duration (hoed crops, or peas and oats; wheat; oats; pummer-f allow; barley, seeded down; hay, manured in fall; pasture). The main farm rotation is of six years' duration, the rotation years being hay, pasture, pasture, oats, barley seeded down' to grass. This rotation is carried on on an area of 215-6 acres. Cultural Experiments. — The following experiments in cultural investigation work were carried on: Depth of ploughing, summer-fallow treatment, seeding to grass and clover, breaking sod, application of barnyard manure, green manuring, depth of seeding. The results secured from a number of these experiments were rendered of no value, due to the frost of August 10. In spite of the loss of information along some lines, however, the advisability of deep ploughing, the uselessness of double ploughing of summer-fallows in this section, and the advisability of breaking sod early in the season, were again demonstrated. CEREALS. Seventeen varieties of spring wheat were sown in duplicate plots at the rate of 51 bushels per acre, Huron producing the highest yield, 57 bushels per acre. One plot of spring rye gave a crop of 49 bushels 6 pounds per acre, the threshed grain weighing 56 pounds to the measured bushel. Of the fourteen varieties of oats grown, Gold Rain gave the highest yield, 131 bushels 6 pounds per acre; and of the ten barleys, Gold, although taking longer to mature than some of the lower-yielding varieties, gave 70 bushels 20 pounds per acre. Arthur proved the earliest-maturing variety of peas tested, and yielded 28 bushels 50 pounds per acre No flaxseed matured, as it was caught by the frost of August 10. FORAGE PLANTS. Indian Corn. — Twelve varieties of corn were planted, but the crop failed to produce a yield of commercial value. Hoots. — Twenty-four varieties of turnips were tested, the yields ranging from 12 tons 150 pounds to 25 tons 950 pounds per acre. Of the fourteen varieties of mangels, Giant Yellow Globe, the highest yielder, produced 9 tons 550 pound? per acre. In an experiment to compare home-grown and commercial mangel seed, only the seed secured from Agassiz grew. Five varieties of carrots were sown, Giant "White Yosges giving a yield of 10 tons 1,650 pounds per acre. A test of sugar-beet seel obtained from different sources was also carried on. Grasses and Clovers. — In a comparison made between seeding alfalfa broadcast and in drills, it was found the average yield for three years of the alfalfa sown broadcast was 4,547 pounds per acre, while for that sown in drills the yield was only 3,718 pounds per acre. Thirty-four plots of one-fortieth acre each, were sown to the following varieties of grasses and clovers: red clover, alsike, alfalfa, timothy, awnless blue grass! Kentucky blue grass, meadow fescue, red top, orchard grass, and western rye grass. An acre of unploughed prairie sod was seeded to Kentucky blue grass, and a successful stand secured. HORTICULTURE. Fruits. — For the fourth year in succession, a crop of crab-apples was secured. Many of the standard apple seedlings were winter-killed. The currant plantation has not yet reached its maximum productiveness, and consequently the yields were EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 133 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 light. Gooseberries gave a light crop, Herbert again proved the best variety of raspberries, and strawberries gave a satisfactory yield. Vegetables. — The usual variety tests with vegetables were again carried on and cultural tests with beets, cabbage, carrots, onions, parsnips and peas were continued. A test of home-grown and commercial peas showed that the home-grown stock can be relied upon to produce results equal to those from commercial seed. Variety tests and cultural experiments were also carried on with potatoes. It was found that to produce 1 acre of potatoes, yielding 233 bushels 45 pounds, the cost was $42.35. Ornamental Gardening. — Variety tests were carried out with annuals, herbaceous perennials, and bulbs. The severe winter of 1915-16 caused great loss among the trees and shrubs. BUILDINGS. A new wood-and-coal shed 12 feet by 16 feet, with accommodation for the bone cutter and engine, was erected in the poultry plant. No floor was put in except for the coal bin and a closet. The entire cost of this building, including painting, was $114.23. EXHIBITIONS. An educational exhibit was shown by this Station at the following points: Calgary, Provost, Edmonton, Vegreville, Red Deer, Camrose, Three Hills, Wetaskiwin, Swalwell, Didsbury, Rocky Mountain House, Innisfail, Sedgewick, Olds. It is estimated that 18,640 persons were interested directly or indirectly in the work of the farm through this agency. MEETINGS. Addresses by the superintendent were delivered at the following places: Calgary, Vermilion, Brandon, Toronto, Ponoka, Penhold, Edmonton, Red Deer. He acted as judge of sheep and swine at the Red Deer exhibition, and of swine at the Calgary Industrial Exhibition. Mr. B. C. Milne, assistant to the superintendent, addressed meetings at Craigmyle and Calgary. EXCURSIONS. A successful excursion was run to the farm on July 21. Special trains from Cal- gary, Edmonton, and Coronation brought over 1,200 persons. Addresses were delivered by: Dr. J. G. Rutherford, Chief of Agriculture and Animal Industry, C.P.R., Calgary; Alex. Galbraith, Superintendent of Fairs and Institutes. Edmonton ; and H. W. Wood, President of the United Farmers of Alberta. Including the excursion day visitors, about 2,290 people visited the farm during the year. I 134 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1913 EXPERIMENTAL STATION, SUMMER! AND, B.C. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, R. H. HELMER. THE SEASON. The spring of 1918 was very backward, the cold weather lasting right into early summer; and although the days were warm the nights were cold. Very little rain fell during the growing season. It has been a very unsatisfactory year for dry-farming, and the land was too dry to fall plough. Crops were very late maturing, especially vegetables, and low prices prevailed in consequence. METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS, 1910-17. Temperature. Month. Rainfall. Snowfall. Highest. Lowest. Aoril 1916. 72-5 300 Inches. 0-59 Inches. 82 0 310 0 415 95 0 390 1 • 555 870 450 1-785 930 43 0 0 16 SeDtember 870 380 0-655 October 690 280 014 530 110 0-51 0 50 December 45 0 20 0 08 10 00 Januarv 1917. 470 -100 014 2 00 43 0 - 20 003 5 50 March ' 480 90 015 2 40 Total 6-210 20-4 LIVE STOCK. Horses. — Seven horses are kept at the Station, two of them being 7-year-old Clydes- dale mares. The rations which have been fed are as follows : Oats and bran, 5 parts to 1, 15 to 18 pounds per day; chopped hay, 10 to 12 pounds per day. All the horses are in good condition. Cattle. — Forty-one head of steers are under feeding tests at the close of the year on rations consisting of varying quantities of hay and straw, oat chop, cracked corn, and oil-cake meal. BEES. Two colonies of Italians were purchased locally and a start made with bees at Summerland in the spring of 1916. A ewarm was cast by each hive, but as both were weak they were united. The total honey crop amounted to 70 pounds, and was sold at 15 cents a pound. The three hives were wintered in outdoor wintering cases. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 135 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 FIELD HUSBANDRY. All the land cleared during the winter of 1915 was well worked up with a spring- tooth cultivator, and harrowed well for seeding to oats and alfalfa. This land is very sandy, and hoth crops did well, considering the character of the soil. All the fall ploughing was disced and harrowed as soon as possible, to conserve moisture. Crop Yields. — Oats gave good yields, one field of Banner producing 75 bushels per acre, the best sample weighing 42 pounds to the measured bushel. Corn grew well, and all varieties ripened before frost came. Clover and alfalfa were disced and harrowed early in the spring and re-marked for irrigation. All land newly seeded to hay made satisfactory growth. CEREALS. Five varieties of wheat were tested, the yields ranging from 10 bushels 37 pounds to 22 bushels 30 pounds per acre. The oat yields were from 31 bushels to 41 bushels 6 pounds per acre, and the barley from 25 bushels 25 pounds to 29 bushels 20 pounds per acre. On the dry farm, Kharkov wheat yielded 5 bushels 39 pounds per acre, Shirka wheat, 3 bushels 48 pounds per acre; fall rye, G bushels 6 pounds per acre; and spring oats, 13 bushels 26 pounds per acre. FORAGE PLANTS. Indian Corn. — All varieties of corn matured, the yields varying from 3 tons 1,300 pounds to 10 tons' 1,500 pounds per acre, Longfellow giving the latter yield. The land used for the experiments was not able to hold the water applied to it satisfactorily, and this fact would lower the yield. * Boots. — The average yield of the twenty varieties of turnips tested was 7 tons 895 pounds per acre. A spraying and fertilizing experiment with turnips seemed to show that spraying, especially in combination with fertilizers, has a decidedly favour- able effect on the yield. Fifteen varieties of mangels gave an average return of 18 tons 1,543 pounds per acre. Experiments in depth of cultivation of mangels showed a marked advantage in deeper cultivation. In the experiment in which home-grown and commercial mangel seed were compared the results were very much in favour of the home-grown seed, both in yield and quality. Five varieties of carrots and three of sugar beets were also tested. Grasses and Clovers. — The variety tests for hay gave very poor results this year. The only grasses cut were timothy, western rye, meadow fescue, alfalfa, and red clover. Four crops of Soudan grass were added this year, and made strong growth. HORTICULTURE. Fruits. — A commercial orchard of twelve varieties of apples was planted, and an experimental orchard containing two trees each of twenty-eight varieties, in all 1,422 trees. The other trees planted were 112 peach, 84 cherry, 66 pear, 107 apricot, and 164 plum and prune. Owing to the lateness of the season the trees did not arrive as early as expected and had suffered more or less from the severe winter in storage, eo that the trees that had remained in the ground all winter grew the best. The following numbers of trees died: apple, 107; peach, 42; cherry, 40; pear, 7; apricot, 17, and plum and prune, 25. A number of small fruit bushes were planted in the spring of 1916, and these have made a fairly good start. Vegetables. — Many varieties of vegetables were tested this year to determine their relative productiveness, earliness, and quality. Two large plots, half an acre 136 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 each, of Gold Coin and Irish Cobbler potatoes were grown. The half-acre plot of Gold Coin produced 4 tons 600 pounds of marketable potatoes, the Irish Cobbler plot, 4 tons 400 pounds. Ornamental gardening. — A system of pipes from the domestic system was installed in the spring for the flower beds, and this will also water the lawns. The flowers made a good showing this summer, the roses being especially good for the first season. Preparations were made during the fall for lawns this year. Buildings. — Four cattle sheds, 16 feet by 28 feet, with yards 28 feet by 70 feet were built in the fall. Water from the domestic pipe line was brought to troughs in the yards, and roads were built. A root-cellar of logs was built into the bank, and a feed-room put at one corner of the root-house, with chutes leading to the root-pulper boxes; and a shed was put up to house the separator. The stables were lined with shiplap, and have been much more comfortable for the horses this winter. Irrigation. — Before any water was turned into the system it was examined care- fully, and when the water was admitted everything was in good order. Only one leak in the syphon pipe was found, and this was stopped by tightening the joint Measuring boxes were installed in the flumes serving the orchards and where plot work is to be carried on. These boxes cost from $25 to $30 each according to size. Where needed, flumes to the various orchards and vegetable gardens were installed. A lot of work levelling the orchards was done in order that more uniform irrigation might be given. All this work was done by home-made tools; the grader cost $12, and the float $5. Cutting off the small hills and filling the hollows in the land pays for itself the first year in ease of irrigation, more uniform distribution of water, and better yields. The water was turned on April 25. A good supply of water was available this season, but more will be needed when all the sandy land comes under cultivation. The municipal dam was opened for the first time on the 15th of August. All water was turned off on September 22. The syphon pipe, when running full capacity, can supply the amount of water contracted for. and has proved very satisfactory. A system of pipes was run from the main domestic line to the flower garden and lawns. This is laid so that it can be drained in the fall. The pressure on this system is now very good. Roads. — The new grade from the Penticton road to the benches has been finished.; and gravelled; also the grades to the upper benches. These have Deen graded and gravelled, and make a big improvement to the heavy sand hills. Many other grades have been improved and widened, and some new roads made where they were needed, j Machinery. — Machinery to the value of $1,374.25 was purchased at this Station during the season, and consisted of a gasoline engine and separator, binder, feed grinders, fanning-mill, root pulper, cultivators, and platform scales. This station had an exhibit at the fall fairs at Kamloops, Kelowna, Armstrong, Karamata, Summerland and Penticton Poultry Show. The superintendent attended the following conventions, meetings and shows : The British Columbia Fruit Growers' Association Convention (summer meeting) at Pen- ticton; the Western Canada Irrigation Association convention at Kamloops; the British FARM IMPROVEMENTS. EXHIBITIONS. MEETINGS. EX I' EMM EX J A L FA EMS 137 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Columbia Fruit Growers' Association convention, Victoria; the British Columbia Stock Breeders' Association convention, Victoria; the United Farmers of British Columbia meeting, Victoria; the Women's Institute flower show; the Armstrong seed fair; Farmers' Institute meetings at Vernon, Armstrong, Naramata and Sumraerland. EXCURSIONS. This year a marked increase of visitors to the Station has been noticed, and farm- ers in towns nearby are organizing picnics for tbe coming year. One Farmers' Institute across the lake has given notification that they wish to come when land is being pre- pared for seed, during the growing season, and during the harvest. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, INVERMERE, B.C. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, G. E. PARHAM. SEASONAL NOTES. The season of 191C-1T was on the whole, a favourable one. The spring opened later than usual, and it was not possible to commence ploughing until March 28 and seeding was not begun until the last week in April, a full fortnight later than the previous season. Much of the clover was winter-killed and had to be reseeded. The spring was cold and backward, with light precipitation until the end of May. During the second week in June there was a very sudden rise in temperature, which was most beneficial to the crops. This sudden change caused a very rapid rise in the mountain streams, and flood conditions caused grave anxiety in the district. The low lands adjacent to the poultry grounds, partly sown to alfalfa and partly devoted to forage-plant test pi ts, was flooded and destroyed by the swift water. There were no destructive frosts during the growing season, and garden crops and bush fruits did well. The apple orchard was practically destroyed by the severe winter, coupled with high winds which removed the natural snow protection. The precipitation during June and July was above the average, and aided by the- warm weather, hastened the development of crops which, earlier in the season, had been very backward. The first grain was cut on August 15. The yield in cereals was fair, and t lie sample good. The fall was favourable for conducting the work of that season, and winter set in on November 10. During the winter there was a light snowfall and equable temperatures appropriate to the season, but remarkably free from storms so that the snow did not drift to any great extent, and there was a reasonable prospect that fruit trees, clover, etc., would pi'ove to have wintered well. The sun had considerable power in the middle of the day but temperatures at night during the last week of March were close around zero. 138 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS, 1916-17. Month. Maximum Temperature. Date. Degree Minimum Temperature. Date. Degree,. Precipitation. Rain. Snow. Total 191G. April May June July August September. October November. December.. 1917. January. . . . February.. . March 26 4 18 31 27 1 16 1 2 84 77 67 47 39 40 44 42 -26 Ins. 0-62 2-89 201 2-32 201 115 0-54 008 Ins. Totals. 11-62 2-5 30 1-5 3-6 1-8 12-4 Ins. 0-62 2-89 201 2-32 201 115 0-54 0-33 0-3 015 0-36 - 018 12 86 POULTRY. The stock at this Station, consists of Barred Rocks, Light Sussex, and S. C. Leghorns. Barred Rock and S. C. Leghorn pullets were compared as to egg production and cost of feed consumed, the highest individual records in the two breeds being: Barred Rocks, 173 eggs; S. C. Leghorns, 145 eggs. For artificial incubation three makes of incubator were used. Fattening teste were conducted with six birds each of the Light Sussex and Barred Rock breeds, the six Barred Rocks making an increase of 5 pounds 8 ounces in live weight between November 10 and December 18, while the six Light Sussex birds made an increase of 5 pounds 14£ ounces in the same period. Results obtained from a number of Barred Rocks, each weighing, on the average, 5 pounds live weight, showed that the average loss from live weight to dead weight was 9 £ ounces, and the average loss from dead weight to weight when drawn, 14| ounces. A great deal of clearing work was done on the slope to the south side of the poultry grounds, and the increased amount of sunlight caused a marked improvement in the health and vigour of the birds. BEES. Eleven colonies were placed in winter quarters in 1915, five in the cellar, and six outdoors. Of the five in the cellar one was found to be dead when the spring examin- ation took place. Two hives wintered in double packing cases outside came through in ideal condition, but of the other four wintered outside only two survived, and these in only fair condition. The season was very favourable, and the bees gathered a large quantity of honey of good quality, averaging nearly 100 pounds to the colony, the strongest colony gathering 262 pounds during July and August. The total honey crop amounted to 935 pounds, and found a ready sale at 20 cents per pound. The eight colonies were increased to twelve by division during the year, and in the fall of 1916, six of these colonies were put in winter quarters in the cellar, two EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 139 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 of the others were left in the open protected by a 4-inch packing in a double packing case, while the remaining four hives were placed in a trench dug into a bank 18 inches deep, and covered with straw and earth. FIELD HUSBANDRY. Rotations. — The rotations being tested on this Station are a3 follows:— Rotation v A," four years' duration (hoed crop, wheat, peas, oats). Rotation " B," five years' duration (wheat, roots, oats seeded down, clover, clover). Rotation " C," oats continuously : This rotation has been modified, and it i3 pro- posed to grow fields of oats side by side with the following cultural preparation: (1) oats continuously; (2) oats continuously on land treated each fall with a dressing of barnyard manure; (3) oats growing continuously with clover seeded therewith, the same to be ploughed under for the succeeding crop; (4) oats and summer-fallow alter- nate years. Rotation " D," six years' duration (summer-fallow, wheat, peas and oats, summer- fallow, roots, barley). Rotation " T," three years' duration (oats, clover, potatoes). Crop Yields. — Wheat on rotation "A" yielded 27-7 bushels per acre; on rotation '* B," 31-5 bushels per acre; and on rotation " D," 27-4 bushels per acre. Oats on rotation "A" gave 63-5 bushels per acre; on "B," 60-9 bushels; and on " O," 48-8 bushels. Barley yielded 21 bushels per acre, and roots on rotation " B," 13 tons per acre. CEREALS. Three varieties of spring wheat, Huron, Marquis, and Pioneer were tested, and gave yields of 38 bushels, 34 bushels 40 pounds, and 22 bushels 20 pounds, respec- tively. Banner oats proved superior to Victory and Ligowo, giving a yield of 125 bushels 10 pounds per acre; while Gold proved the best of the four barleys tested, yielding 86 bushels 12 pounds per acre, and Chancellor, the best variety of peas, gave 43 bushels per acre. FORAGE PLANTS. Indian Corn. — Twelve varieties of corn for ensilage were again tested, but all were frosted before reaching the best stage for cutting. Salzer's North Dakota gave the highest yield, 10 tons 1,200 pounds per acre. Boots. — Variety tests were continued with mangels, turnips, carrots, and sugar- beets. The mangels were entirely destroyed by cutworms. Of the turnips, Mammoth Imperial Greystone gave a yield of 24 tons GOO pounds per acre, the average yield of the seventeen varieties tested being 13 tons 1,009 pounds. Improved Short White was the best variety of carrot, giving a yield of 7 tons 1,200 pounds per acre, the average for the five varieties being 6 tons 680 pounds. Canadran-grown seed proved superior to two other imported varieties of sugar beets tested. Grasses and Clovers. — Clover was in many cases winter-killed, and the new crop sown to replace the losses suffered a good deal from cutworms. Alfalfa produced two good crops, and sainfoin also produced two crops and did well on light, dry land which was unsuitable for alfalfa or clover. Alfalfa, alsike, meadow fescue, sainfoin, western rye, red clover, and orchard grass were sown in plots of one-thirtieth of an acre each for seed. HORTICULTURE. Fruits. — A large number of apple trees were winter-killed, the only varieties surviving being crabs, and some trees of the Wealthy, Duchess, and Yellow Trans- parent varieties. Bush fruits suffered considerably from winter injury, particularly 140 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 raspberries and black currants. Of tbe gooseberries, Oregon Cbampion, the only variety which has proved immune from mildew, again made good growth and yielded a heavy crop. Vegetables. — The variety tests and cultural experiments with a number of veget- ables were carried on as in previous years. Ornamental Gardening. — Attractive additions' were made to tbe ornamental grounds by levelling and laying out of further lawns around the house. Annual and perennial flowers were grown, and aster, antirrhinums and sweet peas particularly made a very fine showing. • BUILDINGS. A new permanent poultry house, 16 feet by 16 feet, on a concrete foundation, was built during the season. EXHIBITIONS. An exhibition was again sent out and fairs, besides that of the Windermere district (held on the Station grounds), were attended at Natal, Golden Trail, Nelson, and Needles. There is a continual increase in the correspondence between this Station and farmers in all parts of the Kootenays, who have been brought to a knowledge of the Station and its work by the exhibitions of the. past two years. MEETINGS. In July the superintendent attended the Irrigation Convention held at Kamloops. In September he attended the Needles Fair, and visited a number of ranchers in the Fire valley. In October he visited many ranches in the Cranbrook district. In February, meetings of the British Columbia Fruit Growers, and British Columbia Live Stock Associations were attended at Victoria, as well as the inaugural meeting of the United Farmers of British Columbia. VISITORS. A larger number of visitors were received at the Station than in any previous year, many taking advantage of the fall fair, held on the Station grounds, in September, and manifesting interest in the work being done in the various departments. EXPERIMENTAL FARM, AGASSIZ, B.C. KEPOET OF W. H. HICKS, B.S.A., OFFICER-IN-CHARGE. THE SEASON. itie spring of 1916 was one of the most backward since the Farm was established. The weather for May was a continuation of the wet, cool weather experienced in April; and although there was no frost that month, the temperature dropped to two degrees of frost on one occasion in May. The cool, cloudy weather in June was followed by a very wet July. August was almost all that could be desired. It was the brightest month of the year, with less than an inch of rainfall. September was reasonably fine, and, although there was very little precipitation, there was considerable cloudy and foggy weather. October was dry, followed by a fairly normal November and a winter with somewhat more snow than usual. The cool, wet spring of the past season kept all the crops behind, but the abundant rainfall during the entire growing season resulted in good yields of root, grain, and hay EI PERM t:\ I A L FA RMS 141 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 crops. The corn' was very slow in growth until August, when it made very rapid progress and yielded a fair crop. METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS, 1916-17. Month. 1916. April May Juno July , August September October. . . November December. 1917. January. . . February.. March .... Maximum. Temperature. Date. Degree Date. Degree Minimum Temperature. 12 Precipitation. Rain. Snow. Total Ins. 6-3 4-98 2 -68 4-67 0- 98 1- 68 1-76 7-83 4-32 6-85 2-62 4-7 49-37 Ins. 240 32 S 23 0 90 Ins. fi-3 4-98 2f.8 4-67 0i';8 1-68 1 70 7 S3 6-72 10 t 4-92 50 58-22 LIVE STOCK. Horses.— The horses on this Farm are kept only for working purposes, and no breeding or experimental work with them has yet been done. Records are kept of the number of hours' work done by each horse, and the amount of feed consumed. The average feed cost per hour's work done by the heavy-draught horses was 5 04 cents, and of the light-draught horses, 4-5 cents. During the twelve months each horse averaged 190 working days of ten hours each. Two old geldings were disposed of during the year, and a young team of heavy-draught geldings was purchased to replace them. Cattle. — The Holstein herd of dairy cattle has made a creditable showing during the past year. The breeding work has been continued with the same objects as hitherto. Records are kept of all feeds used, and reports on the production and cost thereof for each cow made. In the experimental feeding of different kinds of silage, clover, and peas and oats have demonstrated their suitability as substitutes for corn in milk and butter production. The health of the cattle has been good. Two tests for tuberculosis failed to detect a reaction. This makes the fourth successive year that the herd has been free from this disease. An Empire milking machine was installed in November, and is giving good satisfaction. No trouble has been experienced with sore teats. No experimental work has yet been done in comparing this system of milking with the hand method. During the year approximately eight hundred Stilton cheeses have been manu- factured and sold at an average price of 34 cents per pound. A large amount of cream cheese has also been made. Milk testing of composite samples from the Farm herd h;is been done weekly, also a considerable number of milk and cream samples were tested for farmers in the province. Sheep. — The flock is considerably larger than it has ever been before. It consists of 67 sheep and 49 lambs, with somewhat more than half of these pure-bred Horned 142 DEPARTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Dorsets. The winter just past has been one of the most expensive in the history of the Farm in the maintenance of sheep. They were stabled on November 16, and from then until March 31 obtained very little pasture. The average amount of feed consumed per head during' that period cost $3-4.6. A grading experiment is being carried on here, using Dorset Horned rams on smaller, dark-faced, hornless, grade ewes. The Dorset type becomes more pronounced as each cross i3 made. Seventy per cent of the second-cross animals retained on the Farm have horns, and 80 per cent of them have white faces. Four feeding trials with lamb3 on fall pasture indicated: First, that it did not pay to feed grain to lambs on good clover or rape pasture; and second, that lambs on rape pasture made more rapid gains than those on clover pasture, both when grain was fed and when the lambs were only allowed pasture. Swine. — The swine kept on this Farm are of the Yorkshire breed. The breeding herd is housed in A-shaped cabins in the bush on unproductive land. Previous to farrowing, the sows are placed in the piggery, where special attention is given them until the young pigs are strong and active. The best of the young animals are sold for breeding purposes or retained in the herd, while the poorer ones are used for experimental feeding. During the past year eleven males and forty-one females were sold for breeding purposes. The average number of pigs farrowed per sow was 12 07, of which 73-98 per cent were raised. On account of the high price of feed the cost of raising young sows to breeding age was $6.01, somewhat higher than in previous years. POULTRY. The stock kept consists of Barred Plymouth Rocks, Single Comb White Leghorns, White Pekin ducks, and Homer pigeons. Approximately four hundred mature birds, exclusive of pigeons, were carried over the year. During the spring, from 3,362 eggs 1,553 chickens were hatched, or 52-6 per cent of the fertile eggs. Some custom hatching was also done, with moderately successful results. Five makes of incubator were used, and it was found that the Candee coal-burning one cost 42 cents per 100 eggs, and the Cyphers oil-burner, 35-6 cents. Accurate records were kept of all pens in regard to number of eggs laid and amounts of feed consumed. The pullets of each breed started to lay in September. Experiments conducted in fattening birds for market demonstrated the superior- ity of the crate over the pen-feeding method. . Thirty White Pekin ducks were kept from 1915, and from these 171 duckling3 were raised. The breeding stock was cut down to twelve ducks and five drakes in the spring of 1917. REES. Four colonies were on hand in the spring of 1916. In early summer one of these became queenless, and was united with another weak colony. Three new swarms were hived during the season; and, the whole apiary becoming queenless, six new Italian queens were imported from Kentucky and successfully introduced. The heavy precipitation in June and July rendered the season an unfavourable one for honey production; only 90 pounds of extracted honey being obtained. The receipts from the honey just paid for the sugar fed and the six queens purchased. FIELD HUSBANDRY. Rotations. — The four-year rotation carried on at Agassiz has continued to give good results. In the four years of the rotation the following crops are grown: First year, hoed crop, corn or roots; second year, grain seeded down; third year, hay; fourth year, pasture. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS ■ 143 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Crop yields. — The following table shows the amounts of each crop grown in 1916 : — Crop. Corn silage Clover silage Pea and Oat silage Mangels Carrots Sugar beets Potatoes Clover hay Pea and Oat hay Mixed grain (peas, oats, and barley) Oats Peas Barley Yield. tons lb. 327 140 159 1,954 91 730 178 1,330 6 400 2 4 800 21 780 28 190 20 1,600 3 1.200 1 1,720 1 Cultural experiments. — One hundred and forty-six plots are used for cultural investigation work, the main experiments carried on being to determine: (1) The best method of preparing land for hoed crops; (2) the best seasons for applying barn- yard manure; (3) methods of applying chemical fertilizers to mangels; (4) the best after-harvest cultivation of root land in preparation for a grain crop to be seeded with clover. FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS. Sixty-five permanent plots are set for this work. They were seeded down to a grass-and-clover mixture, using oats as a nurse crop. One experiment endeavours to ascertain the quantity and proportionate composition of a fertilizer which will yield the greatest profit, some plots receiving the fertilizer elements in combinations of two, while others received the complete fertilizer. Another experiment is to find the relative efficiency of nitrate of soda and sulphate of ammonia as sources of nitrogen; and acid phosphate, basic slag and bone meal as sources of phosphoric acid. CEREALS. The usual tests of varieties of grain crops were conducted on uniform plots. Among six varieties of wheat, Huron gave the highest yield, but, calculating on a five-year average, Marquis has demonstrated its superiority. Of the sixteen varieties of oats, Banner is still at the top of the list. Eighty Day gave the best yield of the early varieties. Tests of barley show that the two-row varieties are superior to six- row for this district. Beaver is the best average yielder of the two- row varieties for five years. Solo is the heaviest yielding variety of peas grown. FORAGE CROPS. Indian Corn. — Eighteen varieties of corn were tested in one-hundredth acre plots. Six varieties which had proven succesful in former years were tested in half-acre plots. Of the eighteen varieties first mentioned, Bailey proved the highest yielder with 20 tons 400 pounds per acre; and of the six varieties tested on half-acre plots, Golden Glow was the highest, with 19 tons 1,050 pounds per acre. 144 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 Roots. — Sixteen varieties of mangels, five of carrots, and three of sugar beets were grown in duplicate test plots. Tankard Cream gave the best yield among the mangels, Improved Short White among the carrots, and Italian-grown beet seed proved superior to the other varieties. A number of varieties of turnips were tested, but were so vigorously attacked by flea-beetles that the crop was completely destroyed. Some work in the production of mangel seed was also carried on. Grasses and Clovers. — Twenty plots sown to different varieties of clover in 1915 gave good results. Six plots were sown, at different rates per acre, to Grimm's alfalfa on limed and inoculated soil, the plot sown at the highest rate, 60 pounds per acre, giving the best returns. HORTICULTURE. Fruits. — The young orchard is doing well and should be in condition to bear a fairly good crop in 1917. The small fruits, with the exception of strawberries, all yielded well, and the fruit was of good quality. Vegetables. — Many useful tests, both as to varieties and cultural methods, were carried on with vegetables, and the experiments in the various ways of planting and cultivating potatoes were carried on as a continuation of last season's work. Ornamental Gardening. — Among the flowers a number of variety tests were made and seed saved. Roses and sweet peas were excellent, and the perennial border was a brilliant show of colour throughout the summer. Many of the flowTering shrubs and trees were severely damaged by cold winds in the winter and early spring, more particularly rhododendrons, which were almost a total failure. FARM IMPROVEMENTS. Buildings. — There was considerable work done on building? this past year. A new 1 foundation was placed under the foreman's house, and new floors and underpinning ; added. The old piggery building was converted into a bull stable, with three rpomy -? pens and a corresponding number of yards, surrounded by a high board fence. This equipment added greatly to the ease with which cross .and quick-tempered bulls , may be handled. The feed mixing and weighing room in the dairy barn was 1 remodelled and enlarged. A shed, 14 feet wide, was added to the south side and east I end of the sheep barn, and the entire building painted. Water Supply. — The main water supply for the Farm comes from a cement tank on the side of the mountain, which is filled by a small stream. Occasionally in dry weather during the summer this system fails. Last year a good well was dug on the level, and a wooden tower with tank on top was erected. A centrifugal pump, driven by a gasoline engine, supplies the means of filling the tank. This makes a very } complete water system. Fencing. — Fifty-five rods of wire fence, with square cedar posts, was placed ' around a triangular piece of ground for use as a permanent calf pasture. One hundred rods of old fence was removed and partially replaced by a new one. Sixty rods of chicken wire fence was erected for the poultry department. Clearing. — Five acres on the east side of the Farm were cleared at odd times throughout the season. Seven additional acres were underbrushed and seeded to grass and clover for sheep pasture during the approaching summer. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS 145 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 EXHIBITIONS. A travelling exhibit from the Agassiz Experimental Farm was staged at the following fairs: Vancouver, Chilliwaok, Langley, and Maple Ridge. At each place much interest and appreciation were shown. The exhibit lias, no doubt, been the means of causing a great many inquiries for information on agricultural subjects. MEETINGS. Besides the four fairs mentioned above, the superintendent, or his representative, attended the following meetings: Poisonous Weed Investigation, Kamloops; Western Canada Irrigation Association, Kamloops; Beekeepers' Convention, Vancouver; Live Stock Conference, Victoria; Dairymen's Convention, Nanaimo. VISITORS. It is estimated that about 1,100 persons visited the Farm during the year. EXPERIMENTAL STATION, SIDNEY, B.C. REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, L. STEVENSON, B.S.A.. M.S. SEASONAL NOTES. The spring of 1916 opened very late, wet, cool weather prevailing until the last day of April, making seeding operations four weeks later than usual. Excessive drought prevailed during June, July, August, and September, creating conditions of soil dryness which hindered the development of spring-sown crops, and made soil tillage difficult, The dry summer conditions again emphasized the necessity of increased attention to autumn-sown crops, crops that will make some growth during the winter and complete development and ripening before the dry period commences in July. METEOROLOGICAL RECORDS. 1!>16-17. 1916. April May. June July August September. October November. December 1917. January. . February . M arch .... Moi.th. Total for the year. Temperature F. Highest. Lowest 610 74 0 830 810 850 720 64- 0 560 48-5 490 480 490 32 0 320 400 460 470 390 35 0 280 23-5 90 190 240 Precipitation. Rainfall. Snowfall. Total Inches. 1-52 0-73 0- 55 1- 72 0-32 0-66 201 318 5-74 2-45 1- 59 2- 72 23 19 Inehc 8-50 16-25 13-84 38-59 Inches. 1-52 0-73 0- 55 1- 72 0-32 0-66 201 3- 18 6-59 4- 07 2-97 2-72 27 04 Total Sunshine. Hours. 155-6 251-9 270-5 220-9 306 195-4 145 103-9 31-4 57-6 41-8 131-6 1,911-6 16—10 146 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 george v, a. 1918 live stock! Horses. — Only work geldings are kept at this Station. These received the follow- ing daily ration from April 1 to October 31: 1 pound crushed oats, 4 ounces wheat bran, and 1 pound mixed hay per hundred-pound live weight of horse. From Novem- ber 1 to March 31 the grain ration remained the same, but rye hay was substituted for mixed hay, and, in addition, each horse received 3 pounds of carrots per day. Cattle. — The Jersey herd from Lacombe, consisting of a bull and nine females of various ages, was established on the Sidney Station in December, 1916. These cattle have now become used to the climatic conditions, and have improved consider- ably. POULTRY. Four flocks of chicks were purchased in April and May. These were fed up to eight weeks old at a cost of 9-5 cents each. Out of 1,050 chicks purchased, 424 died during the first eight weeks. The chicks were raised in a portable brooder house, heated by a Simplex oil burner brooder stove. The cost of heating this house, which accommodated 750 chicks, amounted to 2-9 cents per chick for a period of twenty- eight days. An experiment to determine the value of milk albumen as a substitute for skim-milk in chicken fattening was carried on. The cost of 1 pound gain with birds fed skim-milk was 8-9 cents, while when milk albumen was substituted the cost of 1 pound gain was 15 cents. Thirty cockerels were caponized at three months old, and when eight months old weighed, on an average, 8 pounds 2 ounces each. They were sold at $2.43 each, realizing a net profit of 91^ cents per bird. The average cost to feed a White Wyandotte pullet to five months old was found to be 45 £ cents; and to feed a cockerel to eight months old, $1.15. Fifty-two pullets, hatched April 1, in six fall and winter months laid 5,341 eggs at a feed cost of 13-6 cents per dozen; while fifty-three pullets, hatched May 1, in the same period laid 4,020 eggs at a feed cost of 14-5 cents per dozen. All birds were trap-nested. BEES. The work with bees has been continued, with no marked improvement in pro- duction of honey. Bee pasture is not sufficiently abundant in the forested districts to make bee-keeping a very profitable business. The net return per hive for the past three years has been under 10 pounds per annum. FIELD HUSBANDRY. Rotations. — The main farm rotation at this Station is a three-year one and is car- ried on on two plots of 18 acres each. On one plot the rotation years are wheat, clover, corn; on the other plot, oats and peas, clover, corn. Manure is applied every third year. This rotation ensures an abundance of fodder for the stock, reduces the cost of crop production, maintains soil fertility and checks weeds. A three-year rotation, consisting of corn or roots, grain, clover or other legume is also carried on in connection with -the cereal and fertilizer work. Crop yields. — Twelve acres were sown to Banner oats, and yielded 52 bushels per acre at a cost of 46 cents per bushel. Five acres under fertilizer experiment, sown to Garton oats, gave a yield of 47 bushels per acre at a cost of 48 cents per bushel. This high cost was largely due to the cost of removing stones and roots from the fields before seeding. Six acres of Canada white field peas yielded at the rate of 22 bushels per acre, and one and a half acres of Solo peas, 29 bushels per acre, the cost of production of the f E \ PERI UENT 1 /, F 1 /,' l/S 147 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 16 Canada White peas being $1.25 per bushel, and of the Solo variety, 94 cents per busheL llye, oat, and pea and clover hay gave a total yield of 70 tons 700 pounds. FERTILIZER EXPER] M BNTS. In an experiment to ascertain the quantity and proportionate composition of a fertilizer which will yield the greatest profit, different plots received applications of fertilizing elements singly or in combinations of two, while other plots received a complete fertilizer. Another experiment was carried on to discover the most efficient sources of nitrogen and phosphoric acid. Here different plots received applications of various amounts of nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia as sources of nitrogen, and of acid phosphate, basic slag, or bone meal as sources of phosphoric acid. CEREALS. Twelve varieties of winter wheat were sown on September 16. Saanich gave the best yield of 59 bushels 30 pounds per acre. Four varieties of autumn rye, also sown September 16, gave yields varying from 1,845 pounds to 2,160 pounds per acre, Thousandfold giving the latter. Tapp's Winter gave better returns than Arlington Awnless, the other winter barley tested. Two of the four varieties of winter oats under test winter-killed and, of the remaining two, Winter Turf gave a greater yield than Fulghum. Of the seven varieties of spring wheat, Wild Goose gave the highest yield; and of the eight varieties of spring barley, O.A.C. No. 21 was the best. Three varieties of field beans and three of lupins were also grown. Two varieties of tares and three of vetches were seeded, and all made satisfactory growth. Of the eleven varieties of peas tried, Solo proved the heaviest yielder, and of the nine varieties of oats, several of these being new varieties obtained from New Zealand, Banner again headed the list. FORAGE PLANTS. Indian Corn. — Nineteen varieties of corn were tested for fodder production, and gave an average yield of 5 tons 1,885 pounds per acre, Stowell's Evergreen heading the list with 11 tons 1,725 pounds per acre. All flint varieties and four of the dent varieties ripened. A number of crosses were made with a view to obtaining an early-maturing, heavy, grain-yielding ensilage corn and a heavy-yielding high-quality fodder corn. Roots. — Five varieties of swede turnips gave an average yield of 17 tons 880 pounds per acre, the highest yielder, Mammoth Clyde, giving 18 tons 1,550 pounds per acre. Of the twelve varieties of mangels, Giant Yellow Globe, the highest yielder, gave 15 tons 300 pounds per acre, the average yield per acre being 12 tons 1,767 pounds. Ontario Champion proved the best of the five varieties of carrots tested, yielding 21 tons 1,050 pounds ^>er acre. Three varieties of sugar beets were tested, and a comparison between home-grown and commercial mangel seed showed the superiority of the former. Grasses and Clovers. — Three cuttings were taken from the Canadian Variegated alfalfa. Four varieties of millet and three varieties of feeding kale were also tested. HORTICULTURE. Fruits. — The orchards established during the past three years have developed very satisfactorily. Small quantities of apples, plums, pears, cherries, filberts, quinces, and medlars were obtained. Various spraying experiments were carried on, and a test of 148 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8 GEORGE V, A. 1918 a home-made tobacco solution made. The experimental nut orchard occupies 6 acres, but all the trees are young. The production of small fruits was below the average of previous years; white, black, and red currants, raspberries, gooseberries, blackberries, strawberries, and grapes being grown. A number of trees were imported from foreign countries, and tested. Vegetables. — A number of variety and cultural tests were carried on with vegetables, and considerable work was accomplished during the season in vegetable ?eed production. Ornamental Gardening. — Variety tests with annual and perennial flowers and bulbs were carried on, and considerable attention was given to an investigation of the possibilities of flower seed and bulb growing. The arboretum area, consisting of acres, now contains some four thousand five hundred trees. BUILDINGS. A dairy barn 58 feet by 28 feet in size, and of a design suited to Vancouver Island conditions, was erected during the autumn. A silo, 10 feet in diameter and 30 feet high, was built of fir staves. A bull pen, 14 feet by 14 feet, and a manure shed, 14 feet by 20 feet, were built in suitable design and at very small cost. Two permanent hen houses and five small colony houses for poultry completed the building operations for the year. FARM IMPROVEMENTS. A 4-ton weight scale was installed on a suitable cement foundation. Electric light and power lines were erected to convey electric current to the dairy barn and poultry buildings. The roads have been improved by gravel, and short additions have been added where needed. Wire fencing to enclose cattle and poultry areas has been erected. A great deal of landscape planting was done during the winter and spring. EXHIBITIONS. The following exhibitions were attended, and an educational exhibit set up at each : South Saanich Women's Institute flower show, West Saanich Women's Institute flower show, Parksville Agricultural Society autumn fair, Alberni Agricultural Society autumn fair, Ladysmith Agricultural Society autumn fair, Oowichan Agricultural Society autumn fair, North and South Saanich Agricultural Society autumn fair, and the provincial seed fair at New Westminster. A permanent exhibit has been maintained in Victoria. MEETINGS. • The superintendent attended the South Saanich Flower Show and the West Saanich Flower Show as judge of flower exhibits, the Vancouver Exhibition, the Cowichan Agricultural Society fair at Duncan, the Alberni, the Parksville, and the Ladysmith fairs as judge of live stock. The following Institutes, Growers' Associations, Boards of Trade, and Agri- cultural Associations held meetings to be addressed by the superintendent of this Station: Metchosin Farmers' Institute, Saanich Farmers' Institute, Sidney Board of Trade and the Seed Growers' Association at Duncan and at Victoria, also at the Provincial Seed Fair held at New Westminster, and the Women's Institutes of West Saanich and South Saanich. All addresses were on some phase of agriculture and production. 36 6 8